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A  CENTURY  OF 
POPULATIOiN    GROWTH 


1790-1900 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR 

BUREAU  OF  THE  CENSUS 

S.  N.  D.  NORTH,  DIRECTOR 


A   CENTURY   OF 
POPULATION    GROWTH 


FROM   THE   FIRST   CENSUS   OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  TO 

THE  TWELFTH 

1790-1900 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1909 


^e"f  LIBRARY 

n    .  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

n^  SANTA  BARBAIiA 


A5- 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 
Introduction 1 

1.  POPULATION  IN  THE  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS 3 

Cen-sus  procedure  in  colonial  and  continental  periodH — Population 
prior  to  1790 — Recent  estimatee  of  early  population — Population 
of  cities — Changes  in  urban  population,  1710-1900. 

II.  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790 16 

Boundaries  and  area^Currency — Transportation — The  postal  serv- 
ice— Industries — Education — Newspapers  and  periodicals — Slav- 
ery— Indians. 

III.  THE  FIRST  CENSUS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 42 

The  First  Census  act — Debates  in  the  Congress — Provisions  of  the  act — 
Execution  of  the  law — The  enumeration — The  returns — The  enu- 
merators' schedules. 

IV.  AREA  AND  TOTAL  POPULATION 51 

Area — Population — Population  by  areas  of  enumeration — By  states 
and  territories — Density  of  population. 

V.  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS 60 

County  areas  made  comparable — Population  of  minor  civil  divisions — 
Names  of  towns  not  returned  separately  at  the  First  Census — Popu- 
lation of  cities. 

VI.  WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION 80 

Sur\'ivors  of  1790 — Whites  and  negroes  in  total  population — In  four 
principal  cities — Comparison  of  increase  in  the  United  States  and 
Europe — Increase  by  immigration — Natural  increase — Of  whites — 
Of  negroes — Summary. 

VII.  SEX  AND  AGE  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION 93 

Decrease  in  proportion  of  males — In  proportion  of  each  sex  under  16 
years — Influence  of  immigration — Of  modern  sanitary  science. 

VII 1    ANALYSIS  OP  THE  FAMILY 96 

Average  size  of  private  famiUes — Slaveholding  and  nouslaveholding 
families — Proportion  of  children — Dwellings. 

IX.  PROPORTION  OF  CHILDREN  IN  WHITE  POPUL.\TION 103 

Ratio  of  white  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  white  children — Of 
while  children  to  adult  white  females — Effect  of  changes  in  the 
proportion  of  children. 

X.  SURNAMES  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION  IN  1790 Ill 

Approximate  number — Nomenclature — Preponderance  of  English 
and  Scotch  names — Unusual  i'.n<l  striking  surnames  — Distribution 
of  surnames — (concentration  of  population  under  certain  names — 
Absence  of  middle  names. 

XI.  NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  BY  NAMES  OF  HEADS  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS. ...       116 

Nationality  in  states  for  which  schedules  exist — In  those  for  which 
schedules  are  mi.ssing — Composition  of  population  of  typical 
counties  in  1900— Slaveholding  by  nationality. 

XTI .  INTERSTATE  MIGRATION 125 

Analysis  of  population  according  to  geographic  division  of  residence 
and  of  birth — Decrease  in  contribution  of  original  area  to  popula- 
tion of  added  area. 

(V) 


vi  CONTENTS. 

Page. 

XIII.  FOREIGN  BORN  POPULATION ■ ^^^ 

Proportiona  contributed  by  original  and  added  areas — Change  in 
character  of  population — Small  proportion  of  foreign  born  in  South- 
ern states — Country  of  birth. 

XIV.  STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES 1^2 

Number  of  slaves  in  United  States — In  original  and  added  areas — 
Slaveholding  families — Number  of  white  persons  directly  or  in- 
directly connected  with  slaveholding — Ratio  of  slaves  to  whites — 
Value  of  slaves. 

XV.  OCCUPATIONS  AND  WEALTH 142 

Occupations — Of  heads  of  families  in  Philadelphia  and  Southwark 
in  1790— In  United  States  in  1850  and  1900— Approximate  wealth 
in  1790— Industry  and  wealth,  1S50  and  1900. 

GENERAL  TABLES. 
ENUMERATIONS  OF  POPULATION  IN  NORTH  AMERICA  PRIOR  TO  1790. 

Page. 
Table    76. — A  general  account  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  several  towns  in  the  province  of  New  Hampshire,  as  appears  by 

the  returns  of  the  selectmen  from  each  place  in  the  year  1767 149 

Table    77. — Free  and  slave  population  of  New  Hampshire,  by  counties  and  towns:  Census  of  1773 150 

Table    78. — Return  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  the  several  towns  and  places  in  New  Hampshire,  taken  by  order  of  the  conven- 
tion, with  the  number  of  firearms,  the  powder,  &c. :  1775 152 

Table    79. — Free  and  slave  population  of  New  Hampshire,  by  counties  and  towns:  Census  of  1786 154 

Table    80. — Male  and  female  negro  slave  population  of  Massachusetts,  by  counties  and  towns:  Census  of  1754 156 

Table    81. — White,  negro,  Indian,  and  French  neutral  population  of  Massachusetts,  by  counties  and  towns:  Census  of  1764 158 

Table    82. — A  list  of  the  number  of  freemen  and  militia,  with  the  servants,  white  and  black,  in  the  respective  towns;  as  also  the 

number  of  inhabitants  in  Her  Majesty's  colony  of  Rhode  Island,  <S;c.,  December  the  5th,  1708 162 

Table    83. — White,  negro,  and  Indian  population  of  Rhode  Island:  1748 162 

Table    84. — White,  negro,  and  Indian  population  of  the  colony  of  Rhode  Island,  according  to  the  official  census  of  1774 162 

Table    85. — Population  of  Rhode  Island  at  different  dates,  from  1708  to  1860,  inclusive,  by  counties  and  towTis 163 

Table    86. — 'U'hitc,  negro,  and  Indian  population  of  the  colony  of  Connecticut,  by  counties  and  towns:  Census  of  1756 164 

Table    87. — "WTiite,  negro,  and  Indian  population  of  the  colony  of  Connecticut,  by  counties  and  towns:  Census  of  1774 166 

Table    88.— Population  of  the  colony  of  New  York,  by  counties:  1G98 170 

Table    89. — Male  and  female  population  of  the  colony  of  New  York,  in  certain  age  groups,  by  counties:  1703 170 

Table    90. — Names  of  masters  of  families  in  the  city  of  New  York,  by  wards,  according  to  the  enumeration  made  about  the  year  1703.  170 

Table    91. — White  and  slave  population  of  New  York,  in  certain  age  groups,  by  sex,  according  to  the  partial  census  of  1712 181 

Table    92. — 'White  and  negro  population  of  the  province  of  New  York,  distinguished  as  children  and  adults,  by  sex:  1723 181 

Table    93. — Male  and  female  population  of  the  province  of  New  York,  above  and  under  10  years  of  age,  by  color,  for  cities  and  coun- 
ties, November  2,  1731 181 

Table    94. — A  list  of  the  number  of  inhabitants,  both  whites  and  blacks  of  each  species,  within  the  province  of  New  York,  above 

and  under  the  age  of  ten  years,  taken  in  the  year  1737 182 

Table    95. — An  account  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  province  of  New  York,  taken  4  June,  1746,  by  order  of  His  Excellency 

Govemour  Clinton 182 

Table    96. — An  account  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  the  province  of  New  York,  taken  10th  May,  1749,  by  order  of  His  Excellency 

the  Honourable  Govemour  Clinton 182 

Table    97. — General  list  of  inhabitants  in  the  province  of  New  York,  extracted  from  the  returns  of  the  sheriffs  of  the  several  counties, 

in  pursuance  of  warrants  to  them,  dated  ICth  Februarj-,  1756 183 

Table    98. — List  of  inhabitants  in  the  several  counties  in  the  province  of  New  York,  taken  in  the  year  1771 183 

Table    99. — White  and  slave  population,  and  Indians  taxed,  in  New  York,  in  certain  age  groups,  by  sex:  1786 183 

Table  100. — An  account  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  province  of  New  Jersey,  distinguishing  their  age,  sex,  and  colour,  taken  in  the 

year  1726 184 

Table  101. — White  and  slave  population  of  New  Jersey,  above  and  under  16  years  of  age,  by  sex:  1737-38 184 

Table  102.— Population  of  New  Jersey  in  1737-38  and  in  1745 , 184 

Table  103. — An  account  of  the  number  of  souls  in  the  province  of  Maryland,  in  the  year  1755 185 


CONTENTS.  vii 

GENERAL  TABLES  DERIVED  FROM  THE  FIRST  AND  SUBSEQUENT  CENSUSES:  1790-1900. 

I  "age. 

Table  101. — Population  as  reported  at  the  First  Census,  by  counties  and  minor  civil  divisions:  1790 188 

Table  105. — White  and  colored  population  of  each  county  reported  in  1790,  compared  with  that  of  the  same  area  in  1900,  together 

with  the  number  of  colored  per  1,000  whites 201 

Table  106.— \\'hite  population,  classified  by  sex  and  age,  of  each  state  and  territory  reported  in  1790,  compared  with  that  of  the  same 

area  in  1900,  with  per  cent  of  increase 208 

Table  107. — White  population,  clas,sified  by  spx  and  age,  of  each  of  the  counties  reported  in  1790,  compared  with  that  of  the  same 

area  in  1900,  with  per  cent  of  increase 210 

Table  108. — White  and  colored  poi)u!ation  of  the  area  covered  by  the  enumeration  of  1790,  and  of  the  added  area  in  1820,  1850,  1880, 

and  1900,  by  etatc-^  and  torritorios 222 

Table  109. — Families,  rlassifiod  by  number  of  members,  by  counties:  1790 224 

Table  110. — Foreign  bom  population  of  continental  United  States,  and  of  the  area  covered  by  the  enumeration  of  1790,  by  countr>' 

of  birth:  1850  to  1900 226 

Table  111. — Nomenclature,  dealing  with  names  represented  by  at  least  100  white  persons,  by  states  and  territories,  at  the  First 

Census:  1790 227 

'Rtble  112. — White  population,  classified  according  to  nationality  as  indicated  by  names  of  heads  of  families,  by  counties:  1790. .  271 
Table  113. — Number  of  white  families,  slaveholding  and  nonslaveholding,  classified  according  to  nationality  as  indicated  by  name 

of  head,  together  with  the  number  of  white  persons  and  of  xlavcs  reported  for  such  families,  by  states  and  territories: 

1790 274 

Table  114. — Number  of  families  reported  at  the  First  Census,  classified  as  slaveholding  and  nonslaveholding,  white,  and  free  colored, 

together  with  the  total  and  average  number  of  slaves,  by  counties  and  minor  ci\nl  divisions:  1790 276 

Tstble  115. — Slaveholding  families,  classified  according  to  number  of  slaves  held,  by  counties  and  minor  civil  divisions:  1790 292 


MAPS,  DIAGRAMS,  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

A  new  map  of  North  America  Bhowing  all  the  new  discoveries:  1797 Frontispiece. 

Map  of  Boston,  with  its  environs facing. .  8 

Map  of  New  Yurk  I ,  with  the  adjacent  rock  and  other  remarkable  parts  of  Hell-Gate facing. .  10 

Map  showing  plan  of  the  city  of  New  York facing. .  12 

Map  showing  jilan  of  the  city  and  suburbs  of  Philadelphia facing. .  14 

Map  of  the  northern  part  of  the  United  States  of  America facing. .  16 

Maj)  showing  inhabited  area  in  United  States  in  1790 18 

Map  of  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States facing. .  20 

Map  showing  post  offices  in  the  United  States:  1790 '■ 24 

Map  showing  location  of  Indian  tribes:  1790 38 

Map  showing  changes  in  area  for  one  hundred  and  ten  years 52, 53 

Map  of  states  showing  density,  in  1900,  less  than  average  for  United  States  in  1790 58 

Map  showing  changes  in  county  lines:  1790  and  1900 61-70 

Map  of  counties  of  unchanged  area,  in  area  enumerated  in  1790,  which  had  less  population  in  1900  than  at  some  previous  census 

since  1850 72 

Majis  showing  distribution  of  different  nationalities  in  1790,  bj^  states 122 

Map  showing  states  holding  slaves:  1790 132 

Diagram    1 . — Population  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States  before  1790 12 

Diagram    2. — Per  cent  of  total  population  of  United  States  in  cities  of  8,000  population  and  over 14 

Diagram    3. — Per  cent  of  increase  in  population  by  decades  from  1650  to  1900 57 

Diagram    4. — Increase  in  density  in  original  and  added  area:  1790  to  1900 59 

Diagram    5. — Increase  of  total  population  and  of  white  and  negro  population:  1790  to  1900 81 

Diagram    6. — White  and  colored  in  the  total  population  of  the  original  and  added  area 83 

Diagram    7. — Comparison  in  area  of  cities 84 

Diagram    8, — Change  in  average  size  of  families:  1790  to  1900 97 

Diagram    9. — Ratio  of  white  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  white  children  under  16  years 104 

Diagram  10. — Proportion  of  total  population  formed  by  nationalities:  1790 117 

Diagram  11. — Distribution  of  population  of  states  according  to  nationality:  1790 118 

Diagram  12. — Foreign  bom  population  of  area  enumerated  in  1790  and  of  added  area:  1850  to  1900 129 

Schedules  of  the  First  and  Second  censuses facing. .  46 

(viii) 


LETTER   OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR, 

Bureau  of  tue  Census, 

Washington,  D.  C,  April  15,  1909. 
Sir: 

In  accordance  with  an  act  of  Congress  passed  in  1903,  the  Department  of  the  Interior  transferred 
to  the  custody  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  the  records  relating  to  the  successive  censuses  of  the  United 
States.  Among  these  records  were  the  original  schedules  of  the  First  Census  for  11  of  the  17  states  and 
territories  comprised  in  the  United  Stiitcs  in  1790. 

The  schedules  of  the  First  Census  were  prepared  by  underpaid  assistant  marshals,  who  furnished  their 
own  stationery,  and  naturally  gave  no  thought  to  the  permanent  jjreservation  of  tlie  inanuscript,  which  to 
them  merely  represented  the  fulfilling  of  their  task.  In  consequence,  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  a  century, 
the  remaining  schedules  of  the  First  Census  show  evidences  of  serious  deterioration.  This  has  been  increased 
by  the  wear  and  tear  resulting  from  frequent  use  for  reference. 

The  states  for  which  the  schedules  still  exist  are  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Coimecticut,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Jlaryland,  North  Carolina,  and  South  Carolina.  The  states 
and  territories  for  which  the  schedules  are  lacking  are  New  Jersey,  Dcliiwaro,  A'irginia,  Georgia,  Kentucky, 
and  the  Southwest  Territory  (Tennessee).  It  is  possible  that  some  of  the  missing  schedules  were  never  in  the 
custody  of  the  Federal  Government ;  others  doubtless  were  obtained  during  the  fii-st  half  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
and  were  either  destroyed  during  the  invasion  of  Washington  by  the  British  or  in  the  Patent  Office  fire,  which 
subsequcnth'  occurred,  or  were  lost  or  mislaid  during  a  period  when  the  Fetlcral  records  did  not  receive  the 
intelligent  care  now  accorded  them. 

In  order  permanently  to  preserve  the  valuable  but  vanishing  census  records  which  still  remain,  relating  to 
the  fii-st  year  of  constitutional  government,  and  in  resjjonse  to  urgent  requests  from  many  patriotic  societies  and 
public-spirited  individuals.  Congress  authorized,  in  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  bill  for  the  fiscal  year  1907, 
the  publication,  by  the  Director  of  the  Census,  of  the  names  of  heads  of  families  returned  at  the  First  Census. 
The  Director  was  instructed  to  sell  these  publications  at  such  price  as  in  his  opinion  was  just,  and  to  report 
to  Congress  the  proceeds.  In  accordance  with  the  authority  thus  granted  (and  subsequently  renewed),  as  the 
resources  available  for  the  printing  requirements  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  permitted,  the  Director  of  (he 
Census  published,  from  time  to  time  during  the  succeeding  year  and  a  half,  a  part,  or  volume,  for  each  of 
the  states  for  which  the  schedules  are  in  existence.  For  Virginia  it  was  found  that  partial  returns  were 
available  from  the  state  emmierations  of  1782,  1783,  1784,  and  178.5.  These  lists,  which  comprise  most 
of  the  names  of  heads  of  families  for  nearly  half  of  the  state,  were  therefore  included  as  a  part,  or  volume, 
uniform  with  the  returns  of  the  Federal  census  for  the  other  states. 

After  the  publication  of  these  volumes,  the  sale  of  which  had  been  considerable,  it  became  evident  that 
this  unique  series  (which  is  not  included  among  tiie  regular  publications  of  the  Cerusus)  would  not  be 
complete  without  a  final  section,  or  volume,  discussing  the  historical  aspects  of  the  First  Census  and  presenting 
such  statistics  as  could  be  compiled  from  the  lunitcd  returns  of  the  first  enumeration  of  the  population. 
The  results  of  the  First  Census  were  originally  published  in  sununarized  form  in  a  small  volume,  and  it  was 
recalled  that  no  attempt  had  ever  been  made  to  present  returns  of  that  census  in  full  detail,  nor  had  the  Federal 
Census  Office  ever  attempted  to  analyze  the  returns,  or  to  compare  theni  with  the  corresponding  figures  at 
later  censuses.  The  Director  accordingly  assigned  to  Mr.  W.  S.  Rossiter,  chief  clerk  of  the  Census,  the  task 
of  compiling  a  report  which  should  meet  the  requirements  above  noted.  The  results  are  embodied  in  the 
following  pages. 

Systematic  inspection  and  analysis  of  the  returns  of  the  First  Census  revealed  the  fact  that  some  of 
the  tabulations  would  result  in  the  presentation  of  figures  basic  in  their  relation  to  statistical  science.  Other 
statistical  information  proved  to  bo  available — in  some  instances  easily  deducible  from  the  returns  of  the 
First  Census,  and  in  others  resulting  from  assumptions  believed  to  be  justifiable,  and  for  which  the  reasons 

(ix) 


X  LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 

are  fully  stated.  A  second  and  perhaps  more  important  series  of  tables  resulted  from  an  inspection  of  the 
names  of  the  heads  of  families  at  the  First  Census.  The  tables  thus  secured  present  many  facts — with 
respect  to  both  nomenclature  and  nationality — that  are  of  great  interest  to  persons  descended  from  the 
population  enumerated  in  1790.  It  is  also  hoped  that  this  publication  will  prove  of  equal  interest  to  those 
who  have  not  the  personal  interest  resulting  from  the  enumeration  of  their  ancestors  at  the  First  Census. 
In  these  pages  will  be  found  tabular  anal3'sis  and  discussion  indicating  the  two  great  streams  of  population 
which  have  united  to  form  the  population  of  the  Republic  at  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century. 

As  work  on  tliis  pubUcation  progressed  it  became  evident  that  the  scope  had  broadened  and  that  it  should 
constitute  a  review  of  the  growtii  of  the  j^opuhition  during  the  century  of  census  taking.  Some  changes  were 
made,  therefore,  in  the  form  of  presentation  and  the  volume  thus  became  more  general  in  character  than  was 
first  intended. 

Acknowledgment  is  made  of  the  faithful  and  efficient  work  of  Miss  Martha  W.  Williams  in  the  construction 
of  tables,  of  I\Iiss  Joyce  Lee  in  the  formation  of  tables  and  in  criticism,  and  of  Mr.  Charles  P.  Smith  in  extended 
historical  research  and  criticism.  I  desire  also  to  make  gratefiil  acknowledgment  of  the  valuable  assistance 
rendered  this  Office  by  Mr.  William  Nelson,  secretary  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  in  clearing  up 
many  doubtful  points  in  connection  with  a  state  for  which  no  census  returns  exist;  by  Mr.  Joseph  Fornance, 
president,  Historical  Society  of  Montgomery  county.  Pa. ;  by  Judge  Harman  Ycrkes,  Doylestown,  Bucks 
county.  Pa.;  by  Thomas  L.  Montgomery,  state  Hbrarian,  Harrisburg,  Pa. ;  by  Mr.  Boyd  Crumrinc,  Washington 
county,  Pa.;  by  Rev.  Horace  Edw.  Haj^den,  corresponding  secretary  and  librarian,  Wyoming  Historical  and 
Geological  Society,  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. ;  and  of  assistance  in  the  preparation  of  the  lists  of  minor  civil  divisions 
at  the  date  of  the  First  Census,  rendered  by  Mr.  William  G.  Stanard,  corresponding  secretary  and  librarian 
of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society;  by  Prof.  Charles  Lee  Raper,  president  of  the  Historical  Society  of  North 
Carolina;  by  Mr.  Robert  T.  Quarles,  state  archivist  of  Tennessee;  by  Mrs.  Jennie  C.  Morton,  secretary  of  the 
Kentucky  State  Historical  Society;  by  ^Ir.  Henry  C.  Conrad,  president  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Delaware;, 
and  by  ilr.  Richard  H.  Spencer,  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society. 
Very  respectfully. 


Hon.  Charles  Nagel, 

Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH= 


FROM  THE  FIRST  TO  THE  TWELFTH  CENSUS  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES:   1790-1900. 


By  W.  S.  RossiTER,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  results  of  a  modern  census  have  been  accu- 
rately defined  as  a  national  account  of  stock.  Early 
censuses  were  merely  counts  of  inhabitants;  addi- 
tional facts  relating  to  population  were  next  secured; 
and  the  most  recent  step  in  census  taking,  especially 
in  the  United  States,  has  been  to  include  practical^ 
all  hues  of  human  acti\'ity.  The  modern  census  is  thus 
the  result  of  evolution. 

In  tliis  evolution,  however,  civihzed  nations  have  not 
advanced  equally.  A  decided  and  rather  significant 
difference  of  opinion  exists  as  to  the  practical  value  of 
census  taking.  Some  nations  attach  great  importance 
to  statistics,  and  take  accurate  and  detailed  censuses 
at  frequent  and  regular  intervals ;  others  manifest  httlo 
interest,  and  make  their  enumerations  at  irregular  in- 
tervals, with  the  result  that  such  statistics  as  are  ob- 
tained are  neither  comparable  nor  satisfactory'. 

The  attitude  of  a  nation  toward  a  census  is  largely 
the  result  of  education.  A  considerable  element  in 
every  community  fails  to  perceive  the  influence  ex- 
erted by  statistics  upon  legislation,  and  even  morals; 
and  it  is  only  when  a  sufficient  number  of  the  citizens 
of  a  country  have  become  educated  to  the  value  of 
accurate  statistical  information,  either  by  their  own 
national  recfuirements  or  by  observation  of  valuable 
results  wliich  have  followed  census  talcing  in  other 
countries,  that  periodic  enumerations  of  population 
are  instituted.  It  does  not  always  happen,  however, 
that  nations  composed  of  highly  educated,  methodical, 
ami  busincsshke  communities  reach  the  greatest  perfec- 
tion in  census  taking,  and  obtain  the  most  accurate 
and  illuminating  statistics. 

The  marked  differences  in  the  attitude  of  commu- 
nities toward  the  systematic  collection  of  statistics  are 
well  illustrated  by  the  various  states  of  the  United 
States.  Some  maintain  statistical  bureaus  and  take 
a  state  census  for  the  quin([uennial  year  in  each  dec- 
ade, while  others  depend  entirely  upon  the  Federal 
census  for  such  statistical  information  as  they  require. 
Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  New  York  have 
taken  state  censuses  for  many  years ;  certain  neighbor- 
ing states,  as  Connecticut  and .  Pennsylvania,  have 


never  done  so.  At  the  present  time  the  state  censuses 
of  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island  are  elaborate, 
scientific,  and  accurate,  and  in  some  of  their  details 
surpass  the  Federal  census.  Although  eleven  other 
states  '  make  an  interccnsal  enumeration,  with  vary- 
ing degrees  of  accuracy  and  detail,  no  other  state  ap- 
proaches these  two  in  the  amount  and  variety  of  in- 
formation secured. 

In  view  of  the  great  importance  to  wliich  statistical 
science  has  attained  in  nearly  all  civihzed  nations  at 
the  present  time,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  prac- 
tice of  making  periodic  censuses,  or  enumerations,  of 
population  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin.  Except 
in  Sweden  (where  a  count  of  inhabitants  has  been  made 
at  stated  inter^^als  since  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century),  accm-ate  and  periodic  enumerations  of  popu- 
lation were  practically  unknown,  ahke  upon  the  conti- 
nent of  Europe  and  in  the  British  Isles,  until  the  nine- 
teenth century.^ 

In  both  France  and  Great  Britain,  the  fii-st  census 
was  taken  in  1801.  It  is  probable,  in  view  of  the  su- 
premacy of  Napoleon  at  that  time,  that  in  France  the 
motive  for  making  an  enimaeration  was  principally  to 
determine  the  military  resources  of  the  French  nation. 
In  Great  Britain,  however,  while  the  census  was  in 
some  degree  the  result  of  a  demand  for  definite  infor- 
mation of  value  to  the  military  authorities,  it  was  also 
the  result  of  the  great  interest  in  the  study  of  statistics 
aroused  by  the  results  of  important  economic  researches 
described  in  publications  that  had  appeared  toward  the 

'  Florida,  Iowa,  Kansaii,  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
North  Itakota,  Oregon,  South  I'akota,  Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming. 

- "  We  know  also  that  the  three  Scandinavian  lountrie.-f  ha\  e  been 
makins;  enumerations  e\er  since  those  of  1750  and  I7G9;  that  the 
United  States  of  America,  which  begsin  the  series  of  their  decennial 
enumerations  in  1790,  also  preceded  France  in  this  respect;  and 
that  England  commenced  these  enumerations  the  same  year  as 
France.  Other  nations  have  followed  the  example  little  by  little, 
and  the  subject-matter  has  increased.  There  are  only  a  very  small 
number  of  civilized  countries  which  do  not  undertake  at  a  fixed 
time,  or  which  have  not  undertaken  at  least  once,  the  enumeration 
of  their  population;  and  almost  all,  in  Europe  at  least,  publish  the 
statements  of  the  movement  of  their  population.  We  recall  that 
the  first  census  having  a  really  scientific  characler  is  that  of  Belgium 
in  1846,  and  that  it  is  due  in  large  measure  to  Quetclet  and  Ueusch- 
ling.  The  first  census  of  the  same  kind  taken  in  Germany  is  that  of 
1871."     Levasseur,  La  Population  Franfaise,  to/.  J,  page  i'9-'. 

(1) 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


close  of  the  eighteenth  century.  The  most  important 
of  these  were  Adam  Smith's  Inquiry  into  the  Nature 
and  Sources  of  the  Wealth  of  Nations,  which  appeared 
in  1776,  and  Malthus's  Essay  on  the  Principle  of  Pop- 
ulation, wliich  appeared  in  1798.  These  two  books 
raised  new  problems  as  to  the  increase  or  decrease  in 
wealth  and  in  population,  which  could  not  be  intelU- 
gently  discussed  without  the  aid  of  accurate  statistics. 
The  enumerations  of  1801  in  France  and  Great  Brit- 
ain imdoubtcdly  formed  an  object  lesson  to  the  other 
nations  of  Europe  and  served  to  turn  their  attention 
to  the  importance  of  obtaining  precise  statistical  in- 
formation. There  were  also  other  factors  at  work. 
The  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  centmy  was  marked 
by  extraordinary  military  activity;  changes  in  the 
boimdaries  of  countries  resulted,  and  consequently 
great  changes  in  national  population — on  the  one 
hand  by  loss  through  war,  and  on  the  other  by 
gain  through  the  acquisition  of  new  territory.  States- 
men began  to  appreciate  the  value  of  having  defi- 
nite information  concerning  mihtary  strength  and 
national  resources.  Moreover,  the  marked  increase 
in  population  and  the  industrial  awakening  which  were 
concurrent  early  in  the  century  made  the  estimates 
with  wliich  previous  generations  had  been  content  in- 
creasingly unreliable.  As  all  these  factors  operated 
over  a  large  area,  it  is  not  surprising  that  several  coun- 
tries entered  upon  an  era  of  census  taking  at  nearly  the 
Bame  period. 

The  dates  at  which  various  European  countries 
made  the  first  complete  enumeration  of  their  in- 
habitants were  as  follows: 

Sweden 1749 

Spain 1798 

France 1801 

Great  Britain 1801 

Prussia 1810 

Norway 1815 

Saxony 1815 

Baden 1816 

Austria 1818 

Bavaria 1818 

Greece 1836 

Switzerland 1860 

Italy 1861 

Russia 1897 

The  first  census  of  the  entire  United  States  was 
taken  in  1790,  or  nearly  ten  years  before  the  first 
census  in  any  European  country,  except  Sweden. 
Because  of  this  fact  the  United  States  has  received 
much  credit.  The  French  statistician,  Moreau  de 
Jonnes,  declared  that  the  United  States  presents  a 
phenomenon  without  a  parallel  in  history — "  that  of  a 
people  who  instituted  the  statistics  of  their  country  on 
the  very  day  when  they  founded  their  government, 
and  who  regulated  by  the  same  instrument  the  census 
of  inhabitants,  their  civil  and  political  rights,  and  the 
destinies  of  the  nation." 

Against  such  a  position,  it  has  frequently  been 
claimed  that  the  United  States  did  not  undertake  a 


systematic  periodic  enumeration  with  a  deliberate 
statistical  purpose;  that,  on  the  contrary,  the  statis- 
tical results  of  Federal  census  taking  were  merely  a 
by-product  of  an  enumeration  of  population  provided 
for  in  the  Constitution  for  purposes  of  apportionment, 
as  a  prerequisite  to  representative  government.  From 
this,  it  is  claimed,  resulted  the  statistics  of  population 
wliich  accidentally  placed  the  United  States  in  the 
position  of  having  led  the  way  in  the  most  impor- 
tant economic  evolution  of  the  age — periodic  census 
taking. 

While  there  is  an  element  of  tnith  in  this  conten- 
tion, it  is  significant  that  several  of  the  states  compos- 
ing the  young  Republic  had  formed  the  habit  of  making 
frequent  enumerations  of  their  inhabitants  during  their 
existence  as  colonies.  It  is  probable  that  none  of  these 
enumerations  was  made  for  purposes  of  apportionment. 
At  many  of  them  the  information  secured  was  as  full 
as  at  the  first  Federal  census,  and  at  several  the  sta- 
tistics obtained  were  far  more  complete  and  significant. 
It  was  reasonable  to  expect,  therefore,  that  considera- 
tion of  the  earlier  censuses  taken  in  America  should 
lead  the  representatives  of  the  states  in  the  Con- 
stitutional Convention  of  1787  to  incorporate  in  the 
organic  law  of  the  nation  a  requirement  for  a  periodic 
census.  It  was  equally  consistent  that  the  members 
of  the  First  Congress,  in  providing  for  the  first  Federal 
enumeration,  influenced  by  the  earlier  practice  of 
census  taking,  should  require  more  than  the  mere 
count  of  inliabitants  specified  by  the  Constitution. 

James  Madison,  who  was  instnimental  in  securing 
the  expansion  of  census  inquiry  under  the  first  act 
from  a  mere  count  of  inhabitants  to  a  schedule  covering 
name  of  head  of  family,  two  age  groups  of  white  males, 
and  freedom  or  servitude  of  the  colored  population, 
was  an  influential  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, and  the  author  of  the  Madison  papers,  which 
are  accepted  as  the  most  authoritative  record  of  the 
deliberations  of  that  convention.  It  is  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  the  enlightened  and  statesmanlike  posi- 
tion assumed  by  Mr.  Madison  in  the  congressional 
debates  upon  the  First  Census  act  reflected  convic- 
tions held  and  possibly  expressed  by  him  during  the 
deliberations  of  the  Constitutional  Convention. 

The  influence  of  pre-Constitutional  censuses  upon 
the  subsequent  statistical  history  of  the  United  States 
is  a  subject  that  hitherto  has  received  but  little  con- 
sideration. So  far  as  the  present  Census  authorities 
are  aware,  the  subject  has  never  been  discussed  in  the 
report  of  any  census  except  that  of  1850.  In  view  of 
their  peculiar  historical  significance,  and  their  evident 
influence  and  bearing  upon  the  beginnings  of  census 
taking  in  the  United  States,  it  is  believed  that  a  dis- 
cussion of  pre-Constitutional  enumerations,  with  re- 
productions of  all  the  authentic  returns  of  such 
enumerations,  forms  a  fitting  introduction  to  a  dis- 
cussion of  the  history  and  statistics  of  the  fii-st  Federal 
census,  and  the  growth  of  national  population. 


POPULATION   IN  THE  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL 

PERIODS. 


CENSUS  PROCEDURE  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONThVENTAL  PERIODS— POPU- 
LATION PRIOR  TO  1790— RECENT  ESTIMATES  OF  E.MiLY  POPULATION- 
POPULATION  OF  CITIES— CHANGES  IN  URBAN  POPULATION  1710  TO  1900. 


Enumerations  of  population,  more  or  less  accurate, 
were  made  in  nearly  all  the  Northern  colonies  during 
the  Colonial  period,  and  several  of  the  states  took  one 
or  more  censuses  durhig  the  Continental  period. 
Nearly  all  of  these  enumerations  were  more  than  a 
simple  numbering  of  the  people;  in  some  instances, 
tlie  inhabitants  were  classified  b}'  race,  sex,  age,  and 
marital  condition. 

Colonial  period  (prior  to  1774)- — Most  of  the  enu- 
merations of  the  Colonial  period  were  made  at  the 
instance  of  the  British  Board  of  Trade — wliich  at  this 
period  exercised  man}'  of  the  functions  now  vested  in 
a  colonial  office — in  order  to  obtain  information  which 
would  be  of  value  in  the  administration  of  the  affairs 
of  the  colonies.  Thus,  in  a  sense,  the  British  Board  of 
Trade  was  the  originator  of  census  taking  in  America. 

These  enumerations  were  made  under  the  imme- 
diate supervision  of  the  colonial  governors,  by  sheriffs, 
justices  of  tlie  peace,  and  other  county  or  town  officers. 
No  enumeration  embracing  all  the  colonies  was  ever 
made,  and  in  some  of  the  colonies  no  accurate  count 
of  population  occurred  during  the  entire  Colonial 
period.  At  times  the  board  experienced  great  diffi- 
culty in  getting  the  information  desired.  Its  demands 
were  often  but  partially  complied  with  by  tlie  colonies, 
were  sometimes  entirely  ignored,  and  were  gener- 
ally a  source  of  friction.  In  consequence,  the  pop- 
ulation statistics  given  out  were  not  alwa}-?  reUable. 
Indeed,  the  colonial  governors  encountered  so  many 
obstacles  in  their  attempts  to  make  the  required  enu- 
merations, tliat  in  many  cases  the  tables  prepared  by 
[  them  to  supply  the  information  demanded  were  based 
on  muster  rolls  and  hsts  of  taxables,  rather  than  on 
actual  counts.  Even  when  actual  enumerations  were 
made,  they  were  often  incomplete  or  inacciu-ate. 
The  small  population  dispersed  over  large  areas,  the 
(hfficulties  of  travel,  the  independent  spirit  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  the  fact  that  in  many  instances  the  sheriffs 
and  other  officers  charged  with  tlie  enumeration  re- 
ceived no  compensation  for  their  serWces,  were  all  fac- 
tors opposed  to  completeness  and  accuracy.  "Super- 
stition also  was  an  influence  opposed  to  census  taking. 
In  1712  Governor  Hunter  imdertook  an  enumeration  of 
the  inhabitants  of  New  York.  In  ^vriting  to  the  home 
government  he  excused  the  imperfection  of  the  returns 
in  part  by  saying  tliat  'the  people  were  deterred  by 
a  simple  superstition   and  observation  that  sickness 


followed  upon  the  last  numbering  of  the  people.'  Gov- 
ernor Burnett,  of  New  Jersey,  in  a  communication 
to  the  British  board  in  1726,  alluding  to  an  enumera- 
tion made  in  New  York  tliree  years  bef(jre,  said,  'I 
would  have  then  ordered  the  like  accounts  to  be  taken 
in  New  Jersey,  but  I  was  advi.sed  that  it  might  make 
the  people  uneasy,  tliey  being  generall}-  of  a  New 
England  extraction,  and  tliereby  enthusiasts ;  and  that 
they  would  take  it  for  a  repetition  of  the  same  sin  that 
David  committed  in  luimbcring  the  people,  and  might 
bring  on  the  same  judgments.  This  notion  put  me  off 
at  tliat  time,  but,  since  jour  lordsliips  require  it,  I 
will  give  the  orders  to  the  sheriffs  that  it  may  be  done 
as  soon  as  may  be.'  "  ' 

Continental  period  {177 4~1 789)  .—The  Colonial  period 
in  North  America  had  covered  more  than  a  century 
and  a  half,  and  the  poUcy  of  the  board  of  trade  in 
demanding  exact  returns  of  population  at  frequent  in- 
tervals during  this  period  doubtless  had  great  weight 
in  educating  the  people  of  the  colonies  to  an  aj)precia- 
tioii  of  the  value  of  accurate  statistical  information.  It 
is  significant,  at  least,  that  the  states  wliich  took  cen- 
suses in  the  Continental  period  upon  tlieir  own  initia- 
tive, after  having  tlirown  off  the  yoke  of  Great  Britain, 
were  those  in  which,  as  colonies,  enumerations  had 
been  made  by  British  authority;  while  those  .«tates 
wliich  made  no  such  enumerations  VN-ere  in  the  main 
those  in  which  no  colonial  enumerations  had  been 
made.  The  Continental  censuses  are  of  great  interest, 
and,  so  far  as  accuracy  and  completeness  are  con- 
cerned, probably  compare  well  with  the  first  Federal 
census.  Especiall}'  to  be  noted  is  tiie  Rhode  Island 
census  of  1774,  in  wliich  the  schedule  of  enumeration 
is  almost  identical  with  that  of  the  Federal  census  of 
1790. 

The  necessity  for  a  national  census,  comprehending 
all  the  states,  became  apparent  early  in  the  Continental 
period.  During  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  tl.e  Con- 
tinental Congress  had  authorized  and  directed  the 
issue  of  $3,000,000  in  bills  of  credit.  It  hail  also 
resolved  that  the  credit  of  the  Thirteen  United  Colo- 
nies should  be  pledged  for  the  redemption  of  these 
bills;  that  each  colony  should  provide  ways  and 
means  to  redeem  its  proportion  in  such  manner  as 
it  should  see  fit;  that  the  proportion  of  each  colony 
should  be  determined  by  the  number  of  its  inhabitants 

'Johnston's  New  Universal  Encyclopaedia,  vol.  1.  page  845 

(31 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPTTLATION  GROWTH. 


of  all  ages,  including  negroes  and  mulattoes ;  and  that 
it  slioidd  be  recommended  to  the  colonial  authorities 
to  ascertain  in  the  most  confidential  maimer  their 
respective  populations,  and  to  send  the  returns,  prop- 
erly authenticated,  to  Congress.  Massachusetts  and 
Rhode  Island  took  a  census  upon  tliis  recommenda- 
tion in  1776,  but  most  of  the  colonies  failed  to  comply. 
In  November,  17S1,  a  resolution  was  introduced  in 
Congress  recommending  to  the  several  states  that 
they  make  an  enimieration  of  their  white  inhabitants 
pursuant  to  the  ninth  article  of  the  Confederation. 
The  resolution  failed  to  pass  and  the  article  was 
inoperative.  Several  of  the  states,  however,  made 
an  enumeration  about  this  time.  The  question  of 
a  settlement  of  the  national  debt  became  continually 
more  serious,  and  the  unwillingness  of  some  of  the 
states  to  order  a  general  census  and  assume  their 
equitable  proportion  made  it  apparent  that  a  complete 
enumeration  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  country  could 
never  be  made  except  by  a  central  directing  authority. 
Hence,  when  the  Constitutional  Convention  met,  all 
members  seem  to  have  been  agreed  that  a  provision 
for  a  Federal  census  at  stated  intervals  should  be 
incorporated  in  the  Constitution. 

CENSUSES    PRIOR    TO    1790. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  official 
censuses  of  the  inhabitants,  of  which  record  has  been 
found,  made  in  each  of  the  colonies  before  1790: 


NUMBER  OF  CENSUSES. 

COLONY. 

Total. 

Colonial  period. 

Conti- 
nental 
period. 

1600  to 
1649. 

1650  to 
1699. 

1700  to 
1749. 

17,50  to 
1773. 

1774  to 
1789. 

All  colonies 

38 

1 

1 

M 

11 

11 

20 

3 

8 

. 

2 

4 
1 
2 
7 
4 

14 

2 

n 
1 

1 

2 
2 

New  Hampshire 

o 

Vermont 

3 

r.r>nnpptiniit 

2 

Middle  colonies 

1            10 

1 

New  York 

11 
3 

1   1            <7 

2 

I 

New  Jersey 

3 

Delaware 

il 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

Maryland 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Virginia 

i 

2  il 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

i:        i 

1  Taken  as  part  of  a  census  of  Massachusetts. 

2  Partly  estimated. 

8  Taken  as  part  of  a  census  of  New  York. 

*  Of  those. '}  weTo  partly  estimated. 

'Census of  polls  and  taxable  property.  There  are  four  incomplete  lists  of  polls 
made  during  this  period  and  still  in  existence,  but  only  one  appears  to  have  been 
used  as  a  basis  for  an  estimate  of  population. 

The  table  shows  that  3S  censuses  of  various  colonies 
were  taken,  within  the  area  of  the  original  thirteen 
states,  before  the  first  enumeration  was  made  in  Great 


Britain.  Apparently  the  British  Government  desired 
more  definite  statistical  information  regarding  its  col- 
onies than  it  required  concerning  the  British  Isles. 

New  York  and  Rhode  Island  developed  the  greatest 
aptitude  for  census  taking;  of  the  total  of  38  enumera- 
tions made  before  the  date  of  the  first  Federal  census, 
18,  or  more  than  half,  were  made  in  these  two  colo- 
nies— 11  in  the  former  and  7  in  the  latter.  The  people 
of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  manifested  consid- 
erable opposition  to  census  taking,  seeing  no  advantage 
in  it  to  themselves,  and  fearing  that  in  some  way  the 
information  obtained  would  be  used  by  the  British 
authorities  to  their  disadvantage.  The  first  census  em- 
bracing all  the  inhabitants  of  Connecticut  was  taken  in 
1756,  and  the  first  in  Massachusetts  not  untd  1764 — 
when  the  general  court,  after  continued  demands  from 
the  governor,  and  fearmg  longer  to  irritate  British  au- 
thority, ordered  a  general  census.  Pennsylvania  and 
Delaware,  as  well  as  the  Southern  colonies,  present  a 
marked  contrast  to  New  York;  so  far  as  appears,  the 
Federal  census  of  1790  was  the  first  thorough  enumera- 
tion ever  made  within  the  borders  of  any  of  them, 
except  Virginia. 

The  records  of  enumerations  before  1790  are  in  many 
cases  fragmentary;  often  totals  only  are  given,  and  in 
some  instances  the  results  of  the  same  enumeration  are 
reported  differently  by  different  authorities.  It  must 
be  remembered,  however,  that  correct  enumeration  of 
any  community  is  at  best  a  difficult  task,  and  the  re- 
sults of  early  censuses  in  every  country  have  been 
inaccurate  and  disappointing.  The  later  censuses  in 
the  Colonial  period  and  most  of  those  of  the  Conti- 
nental period,  were  more  accurate,  and  compare  well 
with  the  first  Federal  census. 

The  following  paragraphs  present,  for  each  of  the 
colonies  in  turn,  the  general  results  of  all  known  enu- 
merations up  to  1790,  together  with  the  estimates 
made  by  colonial  governors  and  other  officials  which 
appear  to  possess  a  fair  degree  of  accuracy,  and  also 
certain  estimates  by  modern  students  of  Colonial  popu- 
lation. The  results  of  all  pre-Constitutional  censuses 
are  presented  in  detail  on  pages  149  to  185.  In  the 
summaries  and  more  extended  tables  which  follow,  the 
population  as  shown  by  the  first  Federal  census,  1790, 
is  included  for  comparison. 

New  Hampsliire. — None  of  the  figures  given  below 
include  the  Vermont  towns. 


TEAR. 

Estimates. 

Censuses: 

1641 

1,000 
4,000 
6,000 
9,000 
9,500 
12,500 
24,000 
30,000 
38,000 

1675 

1689 

1716 

1721 

1732 

1742 

1749 

1761 

1707 

52,700 
72,092 

1773 

1775 

1786 

95,755 
141,899 

1790 

POPULATION  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS. 


The  census  of  1775  was  taken  in  order  to  ascertain 
the  quantity  of  arms  and  ammunition  in  the  province, 
and  to  correct  the  wild  estimate  made  by  Congress  of 
102,000  inhabitants,  exclusive  of  slaves. 

Massachusetts  (including  Maine). — The  first  census 
in  Massachusetts  was  one  of  the  "negro  slaves,  both 
males  and  females,  16  years  old  and  upward,"  ordered 
in  17.54,  and  finished  in  the  beginning  of  1755.  The 
earliest  recorded  movement  for  a  census  of  all  the  in- 
habitants was  begun  in  1760,  and  the  resulting  census 
was  taken  in  1764-65.  This  census  was  comprehensive 
in  its  scope,  and  the  schedule  of  information  strikingly 
resembles  that  of  the  first  Federal  census.  It  was 
ordered  in  1764,  and  by  the  terms  of  the  act  was  to 
have  been  completed  by  the  last  of  that  year;  but  the 
selectmen  in  some  of  the  towns  were  negligent  and  dila- 
tory, and  did  not  send  in  their  returns  as  required.  On 
March  5,  1765,  an  act  was  approved  by  the  governor 
b}-  which  the  selectmen  were  required  to  complete  the 
census  and  make  their  returns  before  May  25  following, 
under  a  penalty  of  £50.  But  even  then,  either  some 
towns  failed  to  make  returns  or  else  the  returns  have 
been  lost.' 

This  census  was  taken  according  to  the  following 
schedule: 

UTiite  people,  under  16  years/ 

U-emale. 

WTiite  people,  above  16  years-It  *  ^\ 

ll'emale. 

Families. 

Houses. 

Negroes  and  mulattoes  < "  ^ 

IFemales. 

Indians  l^'^l^^- 

I  Females. 

The  following  are  contemporary'  estimates  of  the 
combined  population  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine 
(including  New  Hampshire  in  1665): 

1032 2,300 

1643 16,  000  to  17,  000 

1660 30,000 

1675 33, 000 

1692 60,000 

1721 94,000 

1735 145,000 

1742 165,000 

1751 16-5,000 

1755 200,000 

The  estimate  given  for  17.35  includes  2,600  negroes, 
and  that  for  1755  includes  from  4,000  to  5,000.  The 
fact  that  the  population  remained  stationary'  during 
the  nine  years  from  1742  to  1751  is  ascribed  to  "a 
great  depopulation  by  smallpox  and  war." 

The  totals  reported  at  the  three  prc-Constitutional 
censuses  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine  are  compared 
below  with  the  results  of  the  Federal  census  of  1790. 
The  census  of  1784  was  a  count  of  polls  only.     The 

'  Dr.  J.  Belknap  (Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Collections,  Vol.  LV,  page  198) 
says  that  this  census,  being  an  unpopular  measure,  was  not  accu- 
rately taken. 

76292—03 2 


population    figures    given    are    estimates    by    Doctor 
Chickering,'  based  on  the  results  of  the  count. 


CENSUS. 

Both          Massa- 
colonlcs.    cbusctls. 

Maine. 

1764-65 

200,711       245,718 
338,067        291,147 
408,059    1     34b,  053 

475,199  1     378,556 

23,093 
47,520 

1776 

1784 

1790 

96,643 

Rhode  Island. — Of  the  seven  pre-Constitutional  cen- 
suses of  Rhode  Island,  that  of  1774  was  particularly 
elaborate,  giving  the  names  of  the  heads  of  families, 
white  males  and  white  females  over  and  under  16 
years,  negroes,  and  Indians.  The  results  of  this 
census  were  published  in  detail  in  1858.  Because  of 
Rhode  Island's  share  in  the  slave  trade,  the  propor- 
tion of  colored  persons  in  the  population  was  large — 
one  person  in  every  nine  being  either  a  negro  or  an 
Indian. 


TEAR. 

Estimates. 

Censasos. 

1658 

1,200 
2,0C0 

3,aco 

5,000 

1()«3 

1675 

1089 

1708 

7  181 

1730 

17,935 

1742 

30,000 

1748 

34,000 
40,636 

1755 

1774 

1776 

55  Oil 

1782 

1790 

69,112 

Of  the  population  at  the  census  of  1730,  985  were 
Indians.  The  decreases  in  population  from  1774  to 
1782  were  directly  duo  to  the  war,  during  which  a 
large  portion  of  the  state  was  in  the  possession  of  the 
British  forces.  Indeed,  the  census  of  1782  specific- 
ally excluded  one  whole  town  which  was  still  in  the 
enemy's  hands. 

Connecticut. — The  number  of  ofTicial  enumerations 
was  much  smaller  in  Connecticut  than  in  Rhode 
Island.  The  growth  of  jiopulation,  iiowever,  was 
more  regular.  The  information  desired  by  the  British 
Board  of  Trade  was  furnished  more  often  from  esti- 
mates than  from  enumerations. 


YEAH. 

Estimates. 

Censuses. 

1043 

5,500 
»,0OO 
14,000 
20,000 
34,000 
61,600 
100,000 

1005 

1079 

1089 

1713 

1730 

1719 

1756 

130,612 

1701 

146,520 

1774 

196,088 

17S2 

2C«,S70 

1790 

237,655 

Of  the  population  reported  at  the  census  of  1761, 
930  were  Indians.  The  stunted  growth  in  the  later 
j-ears  appears  to  have  been  due  to  the  hea^•y  emigra- 
tion from  Connecticut  to  New  York  and  to  the  West. 

■  Statistical  ^'iew  of  the  Population  of  Massachusetts  from  1763  to 
1840,  page  7. 


6 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Neiu  York  and  Vermont. — Eleven  enumerations 
were  made  in  New  York  prior  to  1790— a  larger  num- 
ber than  in  any  other  colony.  The  first  of  these, 
made  in  1698,  was  the  first  census  of  any  magnitude 
on  the  continent.  There  is  no  evidence  that  Vermont 
was  included  in  any  of  the  colonial  censuses  of  New 
York,  except  that  of  1771. 


■i'EAR. 

Estimates. 

Censuses. 

7,000 
10,500 
20,000 

\^gfy                                                                                                 

1(398                                             

is,  OCT 

1703                                                                 

20, 748 

28, 000 
31,000 

22.608 

1723                                                                 

40,5U4 

50, 289 

1737                                                   

(iO.437 

1746                                                                                 

70, 000 

73,448 

1756                                                  



96, 790 

1771                

168, 000 

190,000 

1786                                                    

238,895 

1790 

340,241 

The  date  of  the  first  estimate,  1664,  is  the  year  of 
the  British  Conquest.  Governor  Hunter's  census,  in 
1712,  met  with  so  much  opposition,  from  a  super- 
stitious fear  that  it  would  breed  sickness,  that  only 
partial  returns  were  obtained.  The  census  of  1746 
also  was  incomplete;  Albany  county  was  reported  as 
"not  possible  to  be  numbered  on  account  of  the 
enemy."  The  census  of  1749  was  taken  by  Governor 
Clinton,  who  volunteered  the  information  that  the 
returns,  in  common  with  those  of  preceding  censuses, 
might  not  be  strictly  accurate,  since  the  officers  re- 
ceived no  pay  for  this  service,  and  it  was  performed 
reluctantly  and  carelessly. 

Of  the  population  reported  at  the  census  of  1771, 
163,337  was  reported  for  New  York  and  4,669  specific- 
ally for  certain  Vermont  towns.  At  the  Federal  census 
of  1790  the  population  of  New  York  was  340,241  and 
that  of  Vermont  was  85,341. 

New  Jersey. — There  is  very  little  information  con- 
cerning the  population  of  the  colony  of  New  Jersey, 
only  three  emmierations  having  been  made  before  the 
first  Federal  census.  Census  taking  was  unpopular, 
because  of  the  religious  prejudices  and  superstition  of 
the  people. 


TEAR. 

Estimates.     Censuses. 

1702 

15.000 

1726 

32.442 
47.369 
61,383 

1737 

1745 

1749 

66,66b 
78,600 
120,000 
149, 434 

1754 

1774 

1784 

1790 

184,139 

Of  the  population  reported  at  the  census  of  1745, 
4,606  were  slaves.  The  estimate  for  1749  is  for  whites 
only;  the  estimates  for  1754  and  1784  include  5,500 
and  10,500  blacks,  respectively. 


Pennsylvania  and  Delaware. — The  censiis  of  1790 
appears  to  have  been  the  first  thorough  enumeration 
ever  attempted  in  either  Pennsylvania  or  Delaware. 
Accordingly  estimates  of  the  population  are  subject  to 
a  large  margin  of  error.  In  the  case  of  some  of  the 
estimates  given  below,  for  years  prior  to  1770,  it  is 
uncertain  whether  the  inhabitants  of  Delaware  are 
included. 

1681 500 

1685 7,200 

1700 20, 000 

1715 45,  800 

1730 49, 000 

1731 69, 000 

1740 100, 000 

1750 150, 000 

1757 200, 000 

1760 220, 000 

The  500  inhabitants  given  as  the  estimate  for  1681 — 
before  the  arrival  of  Penn's  settlers — were  whites,  and 
mainly  Swedes,  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware.  The 
1730  estimate,  made  by  Governor  Gordon,  is  probably 
too  small. 

The  following  are  estimates  made  separately  for  the 
two  colonies  of  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware,  together 
with  the  returns  of  the  Federal  census  of  1790: 


V2AR. 

Pennsj-l- 
vania. 

Delaware. 

1770 

250.000 

25,000 

1776                                  

302.000 

1780                                                         .             

37,000 

1782..                   

350,000 
433.  GU 

1790                                        

69,046 

Maryland. — Maryland  presents,  tiiroughout  its  colo- 
nial history,  a  uniform  and  gradual  growth,  which  strik- 
ingly resembles  that  of  Connecticut. 


YEA3. 

Estimates. 

Censuses. 

1660 

.  1 
.  !           8,000 

1676    . 

16.000 

1701 

32,258 

1712 

46,073 

.50,200 

1719 

;         61,000 

1748.. 

130,000 

1755 

153,564 

1761 

1        i64.667 

1775 

200,000 

1783 

254  nnn 

1790 i 

319,728 

1 

The  population  reported  at  the  census  of  1712  in- 
cluded 8,330  negroes,  and  the  total  reported  for  1755 
was  composed  of  107,208  wlutes,  42,764  negroes,  and 
3,592  mulattoes.  The  estimates  for  1719,  1748,  and 
1761  include  11,000,  36,000,  and  49,675  blacks,  respec- 
tively. 

Virginia. — The  first  of  all  the  colonies  to  be  founded, 
Virginia,  had  a  feeble  growth  at  the  start,  but  soon 
became  the  leader  in  population. 


POPULATION  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PP:RI0DS. 


1616. 
1630. 
1628. 
1635. 
1640. 
1648. 
1659. 
1671. 
1689. 
1717. 
1754. 
1772. 
1776. 
1782. 
1790. 


Estimales. 

Censuses. 

3.il 

2,400 
3.000 

5,110 

7,647 

15,000 

30,000 

40.000 

60,000 

100,000 

284,000 

475.000 

550,000 

587,614 
747,610 

For  the  four  years  17S2  to  1785,  inclusive,  there  are 
in  existence  lists  of  ])olls  in  some  of  the  Virginia  coun- 
ties. The  popuhition  given  above  for  1782  is  the  esti- 
mate made  by  Thomas  Jefferson,  based  on  the  list  for 
that  year.' 

The  meager  data  on  \\hich  Mr.  Jefferson's  estimate 
was  based  were  that  in  1782,  in  all  but  8  of  the  Vir- 
ginia counties,  there  were  53,289  free  males  21  years  of 
age  and  over,  211,698  slaves  (of  both  sexes  and  all 
ages),  and  23,760  "tithablc  slaves"  (apparently  slaves 
16  years  of  ago  and  over);  and  that  in  the  8  counties 
not  included  in  the  list  of  polls  there  were,  in  1779  and 
1780,  3,161  militia. 

Mr.  Jefferson  made  five  assumptions:  (1)  That  the 
number  of  persons  under  16  years  of  age  equaled  the 
number  16  j'cars  and  over;  (2)  that  the  number  of 
males  from  16  to  20  years  of  age,  inclusive,  was  equal 
to  the  number  of  unmarried  men  in  the  militia  (males 
between  10  and  .50  years),  which  was  one-third  of  the 
total  number  in  the  militia,  or  about  one-fourth  of  all 
males  16  years  and  over;  (3)  that  the  number  of 
females  equaled  the  number  of  males;  (4)  that  the 
number  of  free  males  16  years  of  age  and  over  in  1782, 
in  the  8  counties  not  included  in  the  list  of  polls,  was 
equal  to  the  number  of  the  militia  in  those  counties  in 
1779  and  1780;  (5)  that  the  ratio  of  free  to  slave  popu- 
lation was  the  same  in  these  8  counties  as  in  the  rest  of 
the  state. 

With  the  facts  and  the  basis  outlined  above,  Mr. 
Jefferson  evolved  the  following  data : 

Population  of  Virginia  in  1782. 


POPUIATION. 


Total  population 

Free  population 

Males 

llndor  16  years 

16  years  and  over 

16  to  20  years 

21  years  and  over 

Females 

Slave  population 


The 
state. 


,!   Counties 
I  included  in 
'  listofpoUs. 


567,614 


543,438 


other 
counties. 


24. 17« 


23it. 

148, 
74, 
74, 
18, 
SS, 

148, 

270, 


284.208 
142. 104  I 
71,052  I 
71,052  I 
17,763  ! 
53.289 
142,104 
269,230 


12,644 
6,322 
3,161 
3.161 
790 
2,371 
6,322 

11,532 


It  will  be  observed  that  Mr.  Jefferson's  estimate  is 
smaller  than  either  the   population  at  the  Federal 

'Thomafl  JeSerson:  Notes  on  the  State  of  Virginia,   pages  94 
and  9.5. 


census  of  1790  or  the  estimate  for  1775  would  indicate. 
He  made  the  very  coaservative  assumption,  in  (4), 
that  the  number  of  the  militia  (males  between  16 
and  50)  equaled  the  number  of  free  males  16  years  of 
age  and  over;  had  he  assumed  that  the  number  of 
the  militia  equaled  the  number  of  free  males  21  years 
of  age  and  over — in  accordance  with  the  proportions 
which  can  readily  be  obtained  by  analyzing  (2) — liis 
estimate  woulil  have  been  increased  to  301,068  free 
persons  and  274,608  slaves,  or  a  total  of  575,676. 

North  Carolijui,  Smith  Carolina,  and  Georgia. — No 
thorough  enumeration  was  over  made  in  these  colo- 
nies during  the  Colonial  or  the  Continental  period. 
Accordingly  all  of  the  population  figures  given  below, 
except  for  the  Federal  census  of  1790,  are  estimates. 

North  Carolina. 


VEAH 

Estimated 
population. 

1677 

4,000 

6,000 

7,000 

10,000 

36,000 

90,000 

135  000 

1701 

1711 

1717 

1732 

17S4 

1764 

1774'. 

260,000 

1790 

•395,006 

'  Census. 


The  estimate  given  for  1732  includes  6,000  negroes, 
and  that  for  1754  inchides  20,000  negroes. 


South  Carolina. 


ESTIHATED  POPITl 

ATIOK. 

Negro. 

Total. 

Whilu. 

1682                        

2,300 
9,500 
16,300 
20,828 
64,000 
1M,000 
175,  OCO 

6,300 
9,000 
25,000 
35,000 
1     (i5  onn 

(') 

1708 

5,500 

1714          

10,000 

1720 

11.828 

1749 

.19,600 

176,1                        

70,000 

1773                    

110,000 

1790                    

'249,073  ",  >140'l78 

'108,895 

1 

>  Not  estimated  separately. 


■Census. 


The  decrease  in  the  number  of  negroes  between  1773 
and  1790 — ^which  was  accompanied  by  a  marked  de- 
crease in  the  proportion  they  formed  of  the  total  pop- 
ulation— was  due  to  a  large  deportation  of  negroes  bj' 
British  authority  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution. 

Georgia. 


1752. 
1760. 
1766. 
1773. 
1776. 


ESmlATED  POP(n.ATIOK. 

Total.     ,   White.      Negro. 


5,000 

9,000 

18,000 

33,000 

.■^,000 

1790 1    >82,648 


'  Not  estimated  separately. 


J 

'Census. 


6,000 
10,000 
18,000 

<A,sse; 


(') 

3,000 

K.oor, 

15.000 

(') 

>9,6a2 


8 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


RECENT    ESTIMATES    OF    POPULATION    PRIOR    TO    1790. 

Attention  has  already  been  called  to  the  fact  that 
at  no  time  prior  to  1790  was  there  a  simultaneous  enu- 
meration of  all  the  colonies.  Estimates  for  various 
years  have  been  made,  however,  by  a  number  of  his- 
torians and  statisticians.  In  the  preparation  of  this 
report  valuable  assistance  was  obtained  from  the  ex- 
haustive study  made  by  Prof.  Franklin  Bowditch  Dex- 
ter, of  Yale  University,  of  popidation  in  the  several 
American  colonies.  Estimates  in  Bancroft's  History 
of  the  United  States  also  proved  helpfid.  Mr.  Ban- 
croft, however,  says  of  one  of  his  estimates  that  it 
"rests  on  the  consideration  of  many  details  and  opin- 
ions of  that  day,  private  journals  and  letters,  reports 
to  the  board  of  trade,  and  ofScial  papers  of  the  pro- 
vincial governments."  Professor  Dexter  apparently 
depended  less  on  British  sources  of  information,  and 
put  more  credence  in  official  enumerations  and  in  esti- 
mates based  on  militia  rolls  and  lists  of  polls. 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  the  estimates  of  the  two 
authorities  mentioned  above  with  the  estimates  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  J.  B.  D.  De  Bow,  Superintendent  of  the 
Seventh  Census  (1S50),  and  published  in  the  report 
of  that  census.  Accordingly  the  various  estimates 
obtainable  from  these  three  sources  are  summarized 
in  the  following  statement: 

Estimates  of  colonial  population:  1640  to  1780. 


YEAF.. 

Dexter. 

Bancroft. 

De  Bow. 

1640                                                   

25,000 
80,000 

1        .     . 

IGOO 

1G88                                       



200,000 

1701 

262, 000 

1721 

500,000 
1,000,000 

1743 

1749 

1,046,000 

1750 

1,207,000 
1.300,000 
1,610,000 
2,000,000 
2,205,000 

1,2C.O,000 
1.428,  .500 
1,095,000 

1754 

1700 

1707. 

1770 

2,312,000 

1775 

2, 803, 000 

1780  . 

2,580,000 

2,94.5,000 

Professor  Dexter's  first  estimate  relates  to  the  pe- 
riod when  Parliament  gained  the  ascendency  in  Eng- 
land; at  that  time,  he  states,  "60  per  cent  of  the  inhab- 
itants were  in  New  England  and  most  of  the  remainder 
in  Virginia."  His  second  estimate  indicates  that  at  the 
time  of  the  Restoration  the  population  had  more  than 
trebled,  "the  greatest  gain  being  in  the  most  loyal 
divisions,  Virginia  and  Maiyland,  which  now  compre- 
hended one-half  the  whole."  Concerning  a  group  of 
his  later  estimates  Professor  Dexter  says:  "A  round 
half  million  appears  to  have  been  reached  about  1721, 
with  the  Middle  colonies  showing  again  the  largest 
percentage  of  growth  and  New  England  the  least.  A 
million  followed  in  twenty- two  years  more,  or  in  1743, 
this  figure  beii^  doubled  in  turn  twenty-four  j^ears 
later,  or  in  1767,  the  latter  reduplication  being  de- 
layed a  little,  doubtless  by  the  effect  of  intervening 
wars." 


Mr.  Bancroft  says,  concerning  his  estimate  for  1754: 
''The  board  of  trade  reckoned  a  few  thousand  more 
and  revisers  of  their  judgment  less."  He  also  makes 
a  subdivision  by  color  for  each  of  his  estimates,  except 
that  for  1688,  as  follows: 

Bancroft's  estimate  of  population,  hy  color. 


TEAK. 

Total. 

White. 

Black. 

1750                                              

1.200,000 
1.428,500 
1.695.000 
2.312.000 
2,945,000 

1,040,000 
1,165,000 
1,385,000 
1,850,000 
2,383,000 

220,000 

17.-,4                                                          .    .             

263,600 

17150                       

310,000 

1770                                              

462,000 

1780   

562,000 

For  two  _years,  1688  and  1754,  Mr.  Bancroft  pre- 
sented estimates  for  each  of  the  colonies.  These  are 
deemed  of  sufficient  interest  and  importance  to  be 
presented  in  full. 

Bancroft's  estimates  of  population,  by  colonies. 


16S81 


Allcolonies 200.000  1     1,428,500 


1754: 


Total. 


New  Hampshire 

M^sarhusetts  and  Maine 

Khodo  Island 

Connectieut 

New  Yorlc 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania  and  Delaware., 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 


6.000 
44,000 

6,000 
19,000  I 
20,000 
10,000 
12.000  I 
25.000  I 
60.000  [ 

8,000  ii 


203,000 

39, £00 
130. 500 

96,000 

78,600 
206,000 
148,000 
284,000 

90.000 

so.ono 

7.000 


White.         Black. 


1,165,000 


EO.OOO 

207.000 

35.000 

133.000 

85,000 

73.000 

195.000 

104,000 

108.000 

70.000 

40.000 

5,000 


263, SOD 


6,000 

4.500 

3.  ,500 
11,000 

5,500 
11,000 
44,000 
116,000 
20,000 
40.000 

2,000 


1  nistory  ot  the  United  States,  Vol.  I,  page  602. 
-Uistory  of  the  United  States,  Vol.  II,  page  389. 

Concerning  the  estimates  for  1754,  Mr.  Bancroft 
says:  "Nearly  all  are  imperfect.  The  greatest  discrep- 
ancy in  judgments  relates  to  Pennsylvania  and  the 
Carolinas." 

Mr.  De  Bow's  estimates  for  the  several  colonies  in 
1701,  1749,  and  1775 — which,  it  will  be  remembered, 
are  the  only  statements  concerning  pre-Constitutional 
population  hitherto  published  in  a  Federal  census 
report — are  as  follows : 

De  Bow's  estimates  of  population,  by  colonics. 


-Ml  colonies. 


Slaves,  estimated 

New  Hampshire 

Massaohust'tts  (including  Maine).. 

Khode  Island 

Connecticut 

New  Yorlc  (including  Vermont) . . 

New  Jersey 

Vennsylvania  and  Delaware 

Maryland 

V'irginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 


1743 


2C2.000       1,046.000 


1775 


2..<!03.n00 


10,000 
70.000 
10,000 
30.000 
30.000 
16.000 
20.000 
2.5. 000 
40.000 
5.000 
7.000 


30,000 

220.000 

35.000 

100.000 

100.000 

00.000 

250, 000 

S5.000 

85.000 

43.000 

30.000 

0,000 


500,000 

102,000 

352,000 

58,000 

2;i2,00O 

23S.00O 

138,000 

378,000 

174.000 

300.000 

ISl.OOO 

93.000 

27,000 


The  estimates  given  above  were  made  by  the  colo- 
nists at  the  dates  referred  to,  and  at  the  time  Mr.  De 
Bow  wrote  were  the  most  reliable  in  existence.     When 


J^I^Mll 


POPULATION  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS. 


9 


they  are  consi(lerc<I,  however,  in  the  light  of  accepted 
investif^ations  ami  discussions  in  progress  during  the 
last  half  century,  they  prove  to  be  in  many  cases  much 
too  generous.  It  seems  advisable,  therefore,  after  the 
lapse  of  more  than  half  a  century  since  this,  subject 
was  discussed  in  a  Census  report,  to  present  a  new 
series  of  estimates,  based  upon  the  best  information 
now  obtainable.  Indeed,  it  is  unlikely  that  another 
publication  will  bo  issued  by  the  Federal  Census 
O/Iicc  in  which  a  discussion  of  this  character  will  bo 
so  appropriate  as  in  connection  with  the  reproduc- 
tion of  the  returns  of  the  First  Census.  Moreover, 
unless  some  future  discovery  is  made  of  enumerations 
or  of  extensive  statistical  material,  at  present  unknown, 
there  is  little  probability  that  the  figures  given  below 
will  be  materially  changed  hereafter. 

The  following  tables  represent  the  first  attempt, 
within  the  knowledge  of  the  Census  authorities,  to  trace 
the  population  of  the  colonics  by  decades,  upon  the 
ba.sis  of  enumerations  and  contemporary  and  other 
estimates.'  In  all  consideration  of  these  tables  (with 
the  exception  of  the  actual  returns  for  1790)  it  must, 
of  course,  be  remembered  that  the  population  shown 
for  each  colon}^  is  in  nearly  every  case  merely  an 
estimate. 

These  estimates  are  derivoil  from  enumerations  at 
neighboring  dates,  or  from  the  nearest  enumeration 
or  estimate  of  that  period;^  they  must  be  accepted, 
therefore,  simpi}'  as  approximations  in  the  absence  of 


definite  returns.  They  can  be  defended,  however,  not 
only  as  being  the  closest  approximations  to  the  pop- 
ulation of  that  period  which  it  is  possible  to  secure 
after  a  careful  consideration  of  many  authorities,  but 
also  on  the  ground  that  they  are  probably  more  accu- 
rate than  earlier  estimates.  Study  by  many  distin- 
guished students  of  history  and  statistics  has  resulted 
in  much  discussion;  many  old  records  have  been 
examined,  and  comparison.s  have  been  made  between 
the  population  estimates  of  early  writers  and  those  of 
modern  experts,  so  that  extreme  or  unreasonable  esti- 
mates, which  in  some  cases  stood  for  many  j'eai-s,  have 
been  eliminated.  In  consequence,  the  estimates  of 
early  population  presented  in  the  following  tables  may 
be  accepted  as  expressing  the  best  judgment  of  students 
of  history  and  statistics  at  the  present  period. 

'  The  free  population  of  1700  was'  .3,  250, 000.  In  1G88  the  whole 
population  is  estimated  by  Mr.  liaucroft  to  have  been  200,000.  If 
we  take  the  free  poi)ulation  of  that  day  at  18.5,000  and  add  thereto 
one-third  for  each  decennial  period,  we  'shall  obtain  the  amount 
given  by  :he  census  in  1790,  as  follows: 


YEAR. 

Population. 

YEA  a. 

Population. 

1690 

185,000 
240.000 
328.000  • 
437. UiO 
682,000  ' 
770,000  1 

1750 

1,015,000 

1700 

17(0 

1710 

1770 

1,840,000 
2,4.1.i,000 
3,270,000 

1720 

1780 

1730 

1790 

1740 

— n.  C.  Carey,  Principles  of  Political  Economy  (1840),  Part  III., 
pages  ita  and  -^6. 

-  See  tables  76  to  103,  pages  149  to  185. 


Table  1.— ESTIMATED  POPULATION  DURING  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS:  1610  TO  1790. 


STATE. 

1610 

1C2J 

lOSO 

IMO 

1660 

1660 

1676 

1680 

1690 

Total 

210  1               2,499 

5,700 

27,947 

61,700 

»l,800 

114,600 

155,600 

213,500 

Maine 

400 
500 

700 
800 

1,000 

1,400 

(') 
2,300 

'Im 

<u 

<\<«. 

Vermont 

99 

1,300 

14,000 

.300 

2,000 

1,000 

18,000 

800 

6,000 

3,000 

1  21,000 
1,600 
8,000 
6,000 

•30,000 
2,600 
10,000 
9,000 
2,500 

'40,000 
4,000 
13,000 
14,000 
6,000 

'54,000 

6,000 

18,000 

20,000 

9,000 

•12,000 

(«) 

25,000 

58,000 

3,000 

4,600 

UIukIo  Island 

1 

New  York  

"1 

500 

1 

Pennsylvania 

500 

20.000 

49,000 

4,000 

1,100 

Maryland 

1,.100 
7,647 

4,.100 
17,000 

8,000 

33,000 

1,000 

15,000 
40,000 
2,600 

21 

0  1              2,400 

3,666 

North  Carotina 

:::::::::;:  ::;:;:::::::;:;: 

(ieornia 



STATE. 

1<93 

1710 

1720 

1780 

1740 

1760 

1700 

1770 

1780 

1790 

Total 

275,000 

357,500 

474,388 

054,050 

889,000 

1,207,000 

1,610,000 

2,205,000 

2,781,000 

3,929,626 

0,000 

7,500 

9,500 

(') 
12,000 

'12.1,000 
16,9.10 
65,000 

< 49, 000 
37,000 

•65,000 

82,000 
1.13,000 
80,000 
30,000 

22,000 

(") 
1  1,18,000 

24,000 

70,000 
> 63, 000 

.12,000 
3  100,000 

(>) 

101,000 

200,000 
60,000 
4.1,000 

■■■■" 

31,000 

'IM.OOO 
3.1,000 
100,000 

> 80, 000 

06,000 

« 150,000 

137,000 

275,000 

80,000 

68,000 

5,000 

88,000 

(■) 

'235,000 

44,000 

142,000 

> 113,000 

91,000 

=  220,000 

(») 

162,000 
346,000 
115,000 
96,000 
9,000 

34,000 

60,000 

2.1,000 
261,000 

.1.1,000 
175,  OCO 
100.(100 
110,000 
2.10,000 

2.1,000 

2UO.O0O 

•450,000 

230,00(1 

140.(100 

26,000 

(') 

.15,  .100 

84,500 

40,000 

307.000 

.12.000 

203.000 

2110.  OOO 

137,000 

33.1,000 

37.000 

2.KI.0U)) 

.120.000 

300,000 

160.000 

66,000 

46,000 

90,043 
141,899 

85,341 
378,516 

69,112 

New  Hampshire 

MaRs;ichnsolt3 

Uho-le  Island                                    

'70,000 
6,000 
24,000 
19,000 
14,000 
«  20, 000 
(') 

31,000 
72.000 
5.000 
8,000 

'80,000 

8,000 

31,000 

20,000 

20,000 

'3.1,000 
(») 

43,000 

87,000 

7.  OOO 

13,00» 

'92,000 
11,000 
40,000 
30,000 
26,000 

« 48, 000 

62,000 

110,000 

I3,fl«0 

20,828 

(.'oniKctlPUt 

237,656 

New  York     .                                  ... 

340,341 

New  .Jersey 

lty|,139 

Pennsylvania                                 .        

433,611 

Delaware 

69,096 

Mar>'land                                       

319,728 

Virginia 

747,610 

39.1,006 

249,073 

82,548 

1 

r3.677 
35,601 

:;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;::;;;;':;:;;:;:;::; 

1 1 

1          1 

'  Maino  Includpd  with  Mnssai'husetts. 
•Delaware  included  wltli  Pennsylvania. 


•  Vermont  included  with  New  York. 
'  Kentucky  Included  with  Virginia. 


10 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Tabi.k  2.-PER    CENT    OF    INCREASE    OF    ESTIMATED    POPULATION    DURING    COLONIAL    AND     CONTINENTAL 

PERIODS:  1610  TO  1790. 


STATE. 

1610 

to 

1620 

16-20 

to 
16S0 

1630 

to 

1640 

1610 

to 

1650 

1650 

to 
1660 

1660 

to 
1670 

1670 

to 
1680 

1680 

to 

1690 

1690 

to 

1700 

1700 

to 

1710 

1710 

to 

1720 

1720 

to 

1730 

1780 

to 
1740 

.740 

to 

1750 

1750 

to 

1780 

1760 

to 
1770 

1770 

to 
1780 

1780 

to 

1790 

Total 

1,090.0 

128.1 

390.3 

85.0 

64.0 

35.0 

35.9 

37.2 

28.8 

30.0 

32.7 

3a  1 

35.7 

35.8 

33.4 

37.0 

26.1 

41.3 

75.0 
60.0 

42.9 
75.0 

1 1 

63.2 
40.8 
60.0 
15.8 
15.5 
16.0 
25.0 
24.6 
34.0 
48.0 
25.0 
15.6 
30.4 
14.3 
111.6 

74.1 

New  Hampshire 

64.3 

30.4 

33.3 

25.0 

20.0 

25.0 

26.7 

26.3 

83.3 

40.9 

22.6 

57.9 

67.9 

113.  4 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 



1,213.1 

976.9 

28.6 
166.7 
200.0 
200.0 

38.9 
87.5 
33.3 
100.0 

20.0 
66.7 
25.0 
50.0 

33.3 
60.0 
30.0 
55.6 
140.0 

35.0 
25.0 
38.5 
42.9 
50.0 



29.6 
20.0 
33.3 
15.0 
55.6 
66.7 

14.3 
33.3 
29.2 
36.8 
42.9 
75.0 

15.0 
37.5 
29.1 
38.5 
30.0 
37.1 

35.9 
54.1 
37.5 
36.1 
42.3 
35.4 

26.4 
41.6 
27.3 
28.6 
40.5 
63.8 

13.9 
45.8 
42.9 
27.0 
26.9 
50.0 

30.6 
25.7 
42.0 
41.3 
37.9 
46.7 

12.8 
25  0 
23.2 
41.6 
20.9 
13.6 

23.3 
32.9 

17.1 

New  York 

lOO.O 

70.1 

34.4 

29.4 

1 

59.7 

Marvland 

1 1 

200.0 
122.3 

77.8 
94.1 

87.5 
21.2 
150.0 

33.3 
22.5 
60.0 

25.0 

18.4 

125.0 

309.1 

24.0 
24.1 
66.7 
77.8 

38.7 
20.8 
40.0 
62.5 

44.2 
33.3 
86.6 
60.2 

32.3 
31.9 
129.7 
44.0 

28.0 
30  7 
66.7 
50.0 

30.5 
37.5 
60.0 
51.1 

is.  2 

25.8 
43.8 
39.7 
80.0 

23.5 
30.1 

100.0 
47.4 

188.9 

27.9 

1,042.9 

25.0 

154.9 

43.8 

North  Carolina 

31.7 

58.7 

S0.1 

63.7 

"* 

1 

These  tables  comprehend  approximately  two-thirds 
of  the  period  which  has  elapsed  since  the  estabhsh- 
ment  of  English  settlements  upon  the  North  Atlantic 
coast  of  America.  They  begin  with  the  population  of 
Virginia  in  1610 — the  first  population  in  a  decennial 
year  forming  part  of  a  continuous  series — consisting  of 
210  souls  maintaining  a  precarious  foothold  upon  an 
unexplored  continent;  and  end,  after  the  lapse  of 
approximately  two  centuries,  wath  an  aggregate  popu- 
lation of  3,929,625  inhabitants,  possessing  more  than 
800,000  square  miles  of  territory,  as  shown  by  the  Fed- 
eral census  of  1790. 

^ThUe  percentages  of  increase  in  population  can  be 
accepted  only  as  suggestions  of  approximate  growth, 
it  will  be  observed  that  those  which  are  shown  in 
Table  2  tend  to  confirm  the  impression  concerning  the 
growth  of  population  natural  under  the  conditions  which 
prevailed  at  tliis  period.'  For  the  first  half  century,  or 
imtU  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  percentages 
obviously  have  httle  significance  as  indicating  normal 
growth,  because  they  were  violently  affected  by  every 
shipload  of  colonists  that  arrived.  From  1660  to  the 
close  of  the  century,  as  the  population  began  to  assume 
greater  proportions  and  to  extend  over  larger  areas  of 
territory,  the  percentages  of  increase,  both  in  individual 
colonies  and  in  the  aggregate  for  all  the  colonies,  tend 
to  become  more  uniform,  and  thus  to  reflect  the  influ- 
ence of  natural  increase  as  compared  with  artificial 
increase  by  additions  from  Europe.'  In  the  eighteenth 
century  there  was  a  noteworthy  uniformity  of  per- 

'  "He  who  will  construct  retrospectively  general  tables  (of  Colo- 
nial  population)  from  the  rule  of  increase  in  America,  since  1790, 
will  err  verv  little." — Bancroft:  History  of  the  United  Stales,  ed. 
1852,  Vol.  IV,  page  128,  note. 

-  "In  the  Northern  states  of  America,  where  the  means  of  sub- 
Bistence  have  been  more  ample,  the  manners  of  the  people  more 
pure,  and  the  checks  to  early  marriajjea  fewer  than  in  any  of  the 
modern  states  of  Europe,  the  population  has  been  found  to  double 
itself,  for  above  a  century  and  a  half  successively,  in  less  than  each 
period  of  twenty-five  years. 


centages  of  increase,  Avith  the  exception  of  the  reduced 
increase  sho^vn  for  the  decade  from  1770  to  1780,  a 
variation  which  imquestionably  reflects  the  period  of 
warfare  and  privation  tlirough  which  the  colonists  were 
then  passing. 

Incidentally  it  shoidil  be  stated  that  in  the  making 
of  these  tables  the  population  assigned  at  each  decade 
to  each  of  the  colonies  has  been  computed  without  the 
least  regard  to  the  total  population  or  the  percentage 
of  increase  in  total  population  which  would  be  shown; 
the  result  for  each  colony  has  been  prepared  independ- 
ently, from  the  historical  sources  previously  mentioned, 
so  as  to  reflect  as  closely  as  possible  the  population 
conditions  actually  prevailing  at  the  dates  specified. 
Hence  the  interesting  uniformity  of  increase  from  deo- 
ade  to  decade  shown  by  the  aggregate  for  all  colonies 
tends  to  strengthen  confidence  in  the  accuracy  of  the 
estimates  presented.  Moreover,  it  will  be  noted 
that  the  similarity  in  percentages  of  increase  remains 
practically  the  same  from  decade  to  decade  during 
the  first  half  century  of  actual  enumeration  (1790 
to  1840),  as  during  the  latter  half  of  the  period 
covered  by  the  above  tables. 

It  is  of  additional  interest  to  observe  the  geographic 
grouping  of  population  during  the  early  history  of  the 
colonies.  The  following  table  shows  the  number  and 
the  proportion  of  inhabitants  in  each  of  the  three  geo- 
graphic groups  of  colonies  at  the  beginning  and  the 
end  of  the  pre-Constitutional  period,  and  at  half  cen- 
tury intervals: 


"In  the  back  settlements,  where  the  sole  employment  is  agricul- 
ture, and  vicious  customs  and  unwholesome  occupations  are  little 
known,  the  population  has  been  known  to  double  itself  in  fifteen 
years.     *    *    * 

"  It  appears  from  some  recent  calculations  and  estimates  that  from 
the  first  settlement  of  America  to  the  year  1800  the  periods  of  dou- 
bling have  been  but  very  little  above  twenty  years." — Malthus: 
Essay  on  the  Principle  of  Population,  vol.  1,  pages  6  aiid  7:  London, 
Edition  1S06. 


il]L]llill.jyinmmmiii„iriirrr 


0-       Map 

|New  York 

I      with  the  ad/acerU  Rcdcc 
\    OJld  Other  remarkaMe 
Pnrto  of 


By  Tt}4^^  Khtcktn.  „ 


■Ir  Ba/racki  //tuk/drAmmoanWirn 
Quarttrd.  andiumi  n^n  t^Iun^ 
Troops  landidatFro^  Runi 


S.  11 

ENUMERATED  IN 


I7W 


nt. 

1 
PopulaUon. 

Percent. 

).0 

3,929,025 

loao 

17 
L8 

1,009,206 
1,017,067 
1,903,332 

26.7 
25.9 
4a4 

md  including  1790. 


alti- 
ore. 

Salem. 

Newport. 

) 

1 

2  203 



4,e«i 


6,508 

200 

0,753 



4,«7 

9,209 

5,934 

5,337 

5,299 

1 

5,530 

1 

3,603 

7,92i  j         6,'7i« 

enons  to  each  dwelling,  as 


'itanU,/or  each  decent 
0. 


>ltl- 

ore. 

Salctn. 

Newport. 

1 



...... 

3,'666' 

.:;.;":;; 



9,o66 

3,603 

7,921 

r  decrease,  were 
jxplaincd  by  the 
)f  sanitary  appli- 
sed  the  American 
intury,  to  attacks 
several   instances 


POPULATION  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS. 


11 


Table  3.— ESTIMATED    POPULATION  IN   THE  PRE-C  ONSTITUTIONAL   PERIOD,  OF   THE    AREA    ENUMERATED   IN 

1790,   BY  GEOGRAPUIC  GROUPS. 


1610 

I6S0 

1700 

1750 

I7M 

Population. 

Percent. 

Population.'  Percent. 

Population. 

Percent. 

Population. 

Percent. 

Population. 

Percent 

2!0 

100.0 

61,700  1        100.0 

275,000 

100.0 

1,207,000 

100.0 

3,929,626 

loao 

27,200 

3,000 

21,600 

62.6 
6.8 
41.6 

106,000 
63,000 
116,000 

38.6 
19.3 
42.2 

346,000 
286,000 
666,000 

2&7 
24.6 
46.8 

1,009,206 
1,017,087 
1,903,332 

26.7 
26.9 
48.4 

Middle  colonies 

Southern  colonies 



210          100.  n 

In  1 6 1 0  the  total  wliite  population  in  the  original  area 
of  the  United  States  was  located  in  the  single  colony  of 
Virginia;  but  in  1650  more  than  half  of  all  the  colonists 
were  located  in  New  England,  and  most  of  the  remain- 
der in  Virginia.  From  that  date  the  proportion  in  the 
New  England  colonies  steadily  declined,  and  the  pro- 
portion in  the  Southern  colonies  steadily  increased. 
The  remarkable  increase  in  the  proportion  in  the  Mid- 
dle colonies  during  the  period  from  1050  to  1700  was 
due  to  the  settlement  of  Pennsylvania  and  extensive 
immigration  into  that  colony. 

POPULATION    OF   CITIES. 

Three  cities  which  have  continued  to  the  present 
time  to  be  leatlers  in  population  were  preeminent  dur- 
ing the  Colonial  and  Continental  periods,  not  only  in 
the  number  of  their  inhabitants,  but  also  in  prosperity 
and  influence.  These  cities  were  New  York,  Pliila- 
delphia,  and  Boston.  From  its  foundation,  in  10.30, 
until  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  Boston 
was  the  most  populous  town  in  the  American  colonies. 
Philadelphia  (including  suburbs)  then  took  tiie  lead, 
which  it  retained  until  it  in  turn  was  passed  by  New 
York,  in  1810.  Hence,  each  of  these  three  cities  has 
been  the  leader  in  population  at  some  period. 

The  two  tables  wliich  follow  present  the  popula- 
tion, from  the  earUest  records  up  to  1790,  of  the  7 
cities  which  had  acquired  a  population  of  8,000  inhab- 
itants prior  to  the  Federal  census  of  1790,  or  which 
reported  a  population  of  approximately  that  figure  in 
that  year.  The  first  table  gives  the  results  of  censuses, 
contemporary  estimates,  and  modern  estimates  based 
on  contemporary  data — as  poll  hsts  or  counts  of 
dwellings.  The  second  table  gives,  for  each  decennial 
year  from  1710  to  1790,  the  population  of  all  cities 
which  had  reached,  or  practically  reached,  the  minimum 
of  8,000  inhabitants.  Figures  given  in  tlie  second 
table,  but  not  in  the  first,  are  estimates  based  on  the 
most  reliable  sources  of  information. 

The  most  significant  facts  reflected  by  the  following 
tables  are  the  continual  uncertainty  concerning  in- 
crease or  decrease  of  population  during  the  whole  of 
the  eighteenth  century  and  the  insignificant  increase 
recorded  in  each  of  the  7  cities  during  the  entire  period 
from  1710  to  1790.  The  variations  in  population 
which  are  shown  during  different  periods  for  each  of 
these  cities  are  frequently  violent. 


Population  of  cities  of  the  United  Slatf* 

to  and  indvding 

1790. 

YEAR. 

Philadel- 
phia (in- 
cluding 
suburbs). 

Now 
Yorlt. 

Boston. 

Charles- 
ton. 

Balti- 
more. 

Salem. 

Newport. 

16E6 

1,000 

1680 

4,600 

1683 

'600 

I 

1690 

7,000 

1 

1698 

4,937 

1 

1700 

'4,400 

6,700 

1703..... 

4,430 

.    ' 

1708 

t 

2,203 

1710 

9,000 

1712 

6,840 

1                 ' 

1720 

11,000 
10,567 

1722 

1 , 

1723 1 

7,248 

::::::::::i:::::::::::::::::::;"' ■■    ■ 

1730 

I3,0CO 

1 

4,640 

1731 

8,022 
10,664 

;:::::::::i::::::::::i:::::::::: 

1737 

1 1 1....; 

1740 

17,000 
16,382 

1                 1 

1742 

1                                   1                                   < 

1746 

11,717 

]                  ,                   ; 

1748 

1 

6,608 

1749 

'13,000 

13,294 

..V.'.,.'..S.'..'..'...V.".""\". 

1750 

16,731 

\ 

1752 ; 

200 

1753 

14,563 



1755 

1 

6,763 

1766 

13,040 

t 

1760 

18,756 

15,631 
15,520 

1 

1765 

1  

4,427 

1709 

28,042 

:::::;:::::::::::::: 

1770 

15,620 

10,863 

1771 

21,863 



1773 

12,000 

1774.      . 

] 

9,200 

1T7S 

: 1 

5.934 

1776. .    . . 

'34,400 
> 25, 000 

:   i::::::::::l::::::::.: 

6,337 

6,299 

1777 

1 

1780 

10,000 

1782 



6,630 

1783 

'37,800 

\ 

1786 

23,614 

1787 

16,000 
16,359 

i 

1790 

42,444 

33,131  1      18,038 

13,503  1       7,921 

6,716 

'  r.stimated  on  the  assumption  that  the  number  of  persons  to  each  dwelling,  as 
shown  on  pai;e  13,  was  6..1. 
>  Estimated  from  Lord  Howe's  census. 

Population  of  cities  having  at  least  8,000  inhabUanls.  for  each  decen- 
nial year  from  1710  to  1790. 


YEAR. 

Philadel- 
phia (in- 
cluding 
suburbs). 

Zl       Boston- 

Charles- 
ton. 

mo™:       ^<^-     Newport. 

9,oa> 

11,000 

1730 

1740 

8,500 
10,500 

8  600 

1 

iijooo  ]    i7;oo6 

13,300         15,731 
14  000         '-"^  '''-'*' 

i7Rn           '      iA  fit 

8,000 
10,S(3 
10,0C0 
16,350 

1770 

1780 

1790 

28,000 
30,000 
42,444 

21,000 
18,000 
33,131 

15,.^ 
10,000 
18,038 

J 

9,000 

8,000     

13,603          7,aU 



Changes,  whether  of  increase  or  decrease,  were 
generally  due  to  local  conditions,  explained  by  the 
historians  of  the  time.  The  lack  of  sanitary  appU- 
ances  and  of  skillful  physicians  exposed  the  American 
cities,  especially  in  the  eighteenth  centurj-,  to  attacks 
of  contagious    maladies,  which    in   several   instances 


12 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


greatly  reduced  the  population,  either  by  death  or  by 
enforced  removal  of  citizens.  Such  fluctuations  of 
population  must  be  regarded  as  incidents  inseparably 


connected  with  the  early  life  of  urban  communities 
in  which  the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  a  hand-to- 
hand  struggle  for  existence. 


Di-^GRAM  1.— POPULATION  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  BEFORE  1790. 


4S 

1 

* 
1 

J 
1 

/ 

1 
1 
1 

1 

• 

'♦ 

/ 
/ 
/' 

i 

1 

1 
t 

1 

1 

( 
1 
t 
1 

/ 
/ 
/ 
1 
1           / 

-- 

1 

y 

/ 

s 

/ 

I         / 
'         / 

/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 

< 

/ 

/ 

)o 

■> 

f 

/ 

. 

y 

-- 

/ 

/ 
/ 
/ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

/ 

y 

y 

• 

'^i 

" 

o 

T*^ 

;  \ 

!           ; 

z 

n                     o 

S          \ 

3            CTI 

O         (- 

'           i 

-^ 

I    £      s 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  maximum  population 
of  the  city  of  Newport  prior  to  1790  v.- as  reached  in 
1774;  and  that  the  population  of  Salem  even  in  1790 
had  not  attained  the  minimimi  city  population  of 
8,000 — falling  short  of  that  number  by  79  souls.  But 
as  it  has  been  the  custom  of  previous  Census  authori- 
ties to  include  Salem  in  the  list  of  cities  having  a 
distinctly  urban  population  in  1790,  it  is  here  included 
in  the  list  of  those  having  a  population  of  8,000 
inhabitants. 

Four  out  of  the  6  cities  having  a  population  of  8,000 
or  more  in  1790  were  located  in  the  Northern  states; 
Baltimore  was  upon  the  edge  of  the  Northern  states; 
and  only  one  city — Charleston — was  situated  in  the 
distinctly  Southern,  states.  In  Virginia,  the  oldest  of 
the  colonies,  no  city  possessed  in  1790  a  population 
greater  than  4,000.  Indeed,  with  the  exception  of  the 
city  of  Charleston,  above  noted,  all  of  the  great  area 


lying  south  of  the  Potomac  must  bo  regarded  as  dis- 
tinctly rural  at  that  period.  The  marshal  who  super- 
vised in  1790  the  taking  of  the  Federal  census  for 
North  Carolina,  in  making  his  retui'ns,  accompanied 
them  with  the  obsei"vation  that  in  that  large  common- 
wealth there  was  no  community  the  population  of 
which  exceeded  2,000  inhabitants. 

In  1700  the  aggregate  population  of  the  3  leading 
cities — Boston,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia — was 
approximately  15,500.  Ninety  years  later  the  aggre- 
gate population  of  these  3  cities  was  95,000,  having 
increased  sixfold.  The  striking  change  wliich  has 
taken  place  since  1790  in  all  the  conditions  which  tend 
to  increase  urban  population  is  illustrated  by  the  fact 
that  in  1900,  or  at  the  close  of  the  succeeding  century, 
the  population  of  these  3  cities  was  5,291,791,  hav- 
ing increased  more  than  fiftyfold  in  the  second  period 
of  one  hundred  and  ten  vears.     The  rates  of  increase 


POPULATION  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS. 


13 


YEAR. 

Dwelling 
houses. 

Popula- 
tion. 

1683       

SO 
700 
2,076 
2,300 
2,960 
4,474 
5,460 
6,000 
6,651 

• 

1700 

1749'                         

1753 

14,503 

1760 

18, 756 

1769     

28,042 

1776 

1783         

1790 

here  noted  reflect  the  differing  tendencies  of  tiie  two 
centuries  under  consideration.  Rapid  increase  in 
urban  population  is  generally  regarded  as  one  of  the 
results  of  the  unprecedented  growth  in  commercial 
and  industrial  activity,  characteristic  of  the  nineteenth 
centur}-. 

The  proportion  of  the  papulation  living  in  cities 
showed  a  significant  uniformity  from  the  beginning  of 
the  eighteenth  centurj'  to  1820.  Indeed,  the  propor- 
tion in  1730  was  almost  precisely  the  same  as  that 
shown  for  1820 — nearly  a  centur\'  later.  The  low  pro- 
portion shown  for  1780  was  obviously  the  result  of  tlie 
lievolutionarv  War,  in  which  practically  all  the  prin- 
cipal cities  suffered  from  the  ravages  of  war  or  pesti- 
lence, or  both.  Tiie  movement  of  population  toward 
the  cities,  a  movement  which  gathered  momentum 
after  1830,  may  be  regarded  primarily  as  the  result  of 
industrial  expansion.  From  that  date  the  growth  of 
population  in  manufacturing  centers  uninterruptedly 
kept  pace  witii  the  growth  in  number  of  industries 
and  in  value  of  products. 

The  principal  facts  regarding  the  earlj'  population 
of  the  cities  shown  in  the  tables  on  page  11,  including 
reference  to  some  of  the  causes  which  led  to  violent 
increase  or  decrease,  will  be  found  in  the  following 
summaries. 

Philadelphia. — The  colonial  population  of  Phila- 
delphia can  not  be  stated  with  precision.  Dr.  James 
Mease,  in  his  "Picture  of  Philadelpliia,"  gives  the 
following  table: 


• "  The  enumeration  of  1749  was  made  by  eitizensof  tlie  first  respectability.  Mul- 
berry ward,  l>y  Doctor  Franklin;  Doek  ward,  Josepli  Sldj)p('n:  Lower  Delaware, 
Wililam  Allen  {Chief  Justiee);  Upper  Delaware.  Tiiomas  liopkinson;  South  ward 
and  Soutliern  suburbs,  Kdward  Siiipiien:  Hiph  street,  Ti:oinas  I.awrenee,  jr.; 
Walnut.  William  Humphreys;  (  hestnut.  Joseph  Turner;  North  ward  and  North- 
ern suburlis.  Dr.  William  Shippen;  Middle  ward,  William  Coleman.  Thealteration 
of  tiled  i  vision  of  the  wards  in  IWK)  renders  it  impossible  to  judpe  of  the  comparative 
Increase  of  populLition  In  the  several  quarters  of  the  city."  Jamca  Mease,  M.  D.r 
The  Picture  of  Philadelphia  Umi),  pages  31  and  SS. 

The  data  given  for  1760  are  confirmed  by  a  passage 
from  "Bumaby's  Travels,"  written  in  1759.  Mr. 
Bumaliy  visited  Philadelphia  in  that  year,  and  re- 
ported that  it  contained  about  3,000  houses  and  from 
18,000  to  20,000  inhabitants. 

The  only  cen.sus  before  1700  v»-as  taken  about  Octo- 
ber, 1777,  for  Lord  Howe,  when  he  held  possession  of 
the  city;  it  yielded  5,470  dwellings  (587  of  which  were 
empty)  and  21,707  inliabitants,  exclusive  of  the  army 
and  strangers.  At  all  times  when  both  the  number 
of  houses  and  inhabitants  were  given,  except  during 
the  Revolution,  the  number  of  inhabitants  bore  to  the 
number  of  houses  a  ratio  of  from  6.2  to  6.4.  The 
population  figures  omitted  from  Mease's  table  have 


been  computed  for  the  tables  of  pre-Constitutional 
population  of  cities,  on  page  11 ,  by  applying  to  Doctor 
Mease's  data  as  to  number  of  dwellings  a  ratio  of  6.3. 

New  York. — Twelve  censuses  of  the  city  of  New 
York  were  taken  prior  to  1700,  the  first  being  taken  in 
1056.  Hence,  the  population  figures  for  New  York  as 
shown  on  page  1 1  may  all  be  accepted  as  accurate. 

.Bos/on.— From  the  time  of  its  founding  until  about 
1755,  Boston  was  the  most  populous  town  in  the  Ameri- 
can colonies.  The  first  recorded  enumeration  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Boston  was  made  in  1722,  during  a 
pestilence  of  smallpox;  the  population  was  found  to 
be  10,567.  A  second  census  was  taken  in  1742  and  a 
third  in  1765.  In  connection  with  a  report  on  a  con.sus 
of  Boston  taken  in  1S45,  Mr.  Lemuel  Shattuck  made  a 
verj^  thorough  study  of  the  early  population  of  that 
city,i  from  which  he  deduced  the  figures  given  for 
decennial  years  in  the  table  on  page  11. 

The  decrease  in  the  population  from  1740  to  1750 
was  due  to  depopulation  by  smallpox  and  war.  The 
decrease  from  1770  to  1780  was  due  to  the  occupation 
(jf  Boston  by  the  British;  according  to  Mr  Shattuck, 
in  1776  Boston  contained  only  2,719  white  inhabitant.s, 
many  of  the  former  inhabitants  having  been  dispersed 
in  the  country.  In  1777  there  were  2,863  males  16 
years  of  age  and  over — "of  whom,"  says  the  record, 
"11  were  Quakers,  7  belonged  to  the  castle,  188  were 
colored,  36  in  Charlestown,  Falmouth,  and  Newport, 
200  at  sea,  and  543  in  the  army."  The  number  of 
males  16  j'cars  of  age  antl  over  actually  living  in  Boston 
was  therefore  only  1,878;  and  of  these,  many  were  said 
to  be  old,  infirm,  and  decrepit. 

Charleston. — The  fourth  city  in  size  in  1790  was 
Charleston,  S.  C.  Before  the  Revolution  this  was  an 
important  commercial  center.  Lieutenant-Governor 
Bull  reported  that  on  November  30,  1770,  the  number 
of  houses  in  Charleston  was  1,292,  and  its  population 
was  10,863—5,030  whites  and  5,833  blacks  (domestic 
servants  and  mechanics).  De  Brahm,  three  years 
later,  reported  that  the  city  contained  about  1,500 
houses  and  more  than  12,000  souls,  more  than  half  of 
whom  were  negroes  and  mulattoes.  The  Revolution 
seriously  affected  the  prosperity  and  the  population  of 
the  city.  Morse's  Gazetteer,  published  in  1789,  says 
that  in  1787  the  city  contained  1,600  houses  and  a 
population  of  15,000 — 9,600  white  inhabitants  and 
5,400  negroes. 

Ballimore. — An  inventory  of  this  town  in  1752  in- 
dicated 25  houses  and  200  inhabitants.  In  1775  a 
census  showed  564  houses  and  5,934  inhabitants. 
Brissot  de  Warville,  who  passed  through  the  city  in 
1788,  states  that  it  "was  but  a  village  before  the  war; 
but  during  that  period  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
commerce  of  Philadelphia  was  removed  to  this  place." 

Salem. — Founded  in  1628,  Salem  had  a  slow  growth 
during  the  first  century  of  its  existence.    There  were 

'  "Report  by  the  committee  of  the  city  council,"  appointed  to 
obtain  the  census  of  Boston  for  the  year  18-15,  paee  5. 


14 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


two  censuses  before  1790;  the  population  in  1765  was 
4,427,  and  in  1776  it  was  5,337.  A  somewhat  acceler- 
ated growth  after  the  war,  due  to  the  importance  of 
Salem's  foreign  commerce,  brought  the  population  in 
1790  up  to  7,921. 

Newport  and  Prmridence. — It  is  easy  to  trace  the 
population  of  the  city  of  Newport  and  of  the  town  of 
Providence  from  the  summaries  of  the  censuses  given 
for  Rhode  Island  in  Table  85.  The  population  of  New- 
port in  1774  was  9,209 — a  figure  which  it  did  not 
attain  again  untU  the  census  of  1850.  The  city  never 
recovered  its  commercial  prosperity  lost  at  the  time 
of  the  Revolution. 

Neio  Haven,  New  London,  and  Noi-wick.. — These 
Connecticut  towns  were  populous  and  prosperous  dur- 
ing the  latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  car- 
ried on  an  important  coastwise  and  West  Indian 
commerce.  The  commerce  of  all  three,  however,  was 
greatly  injured  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  and 
New  Haven,  at  least,  never  fully  regained  her  former 
rank  as  a  shipping  center. 


TEAK. 

New 
Haven. 

New- 
London. 

Norwich. 

17S6                                     

5,085 

3.171 

5,540 

1774                                               

8,295  1        5.888 

7,327 

1782       

5,688 

7,325 

The  city  of  New  Haven  was  incorporated  on  Janu- 
ary 8,  1783;  in  1787  its  population  was  3,364. •  Scott's 
United  States  Gazetteer,  published  in  1795,  states 
that  the  city  of  New  London  contained  340  dwellings 
and  the  city  of  Norwich  450  dwellings;  this  would  in- 
dicate a  population  of  about  2,000  for  New  London 
and  about  3,000  for  Norwich. 

COMPARISON  OF  URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION. 

While  the  population  figures  shown  in  Table  1  are 
to  some  extent  based  upon  estimates,  they  may  be 
accepted  as  reasonably  accurate  for  the  purpose  of 
making  a  general  separation  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
colonies  in  early  years  into  the  two  main  classes  of 
urban  and  rural.  Even  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century  the  urban  communities  were  merely  country 
towns  as  compared  with  the  urban  communities  of  the 
present  time.  Nevertheless,  it  is  not  to  be  doubted 
that  the  distinction  between  the  dwellers  in  the  cities, 
small  as  they  were,  and  the  dwellers  in  the  strictly 
rural  districts,  was  clearly  marked.  By  adopting  the 
community  of  8,000  as  a  minimum,  the  following  table 
has    been    constructed    for    a    period    covering    two 

'  "  There  are  between  300  and  400  neat  dwelling  houses  in  the 
city,  principally  of  wood.  The  streets  are  sandy  but  clean.  Within 
the  limits  of  the  city  are  4,000  souls,  "^.l/orsc;  Gazetteer  of  the  United 
States,  1797. 


DuGRVM  2.— PER  CENT  OF  TOT.\I,  POPULATION  OF  UNITED  STATES  IN  CITIES  OF  8,000  POPULATION  AND  OVER. 


3b 

/ 

1 

/ 

20 

15 

to 

/ 

y 

1 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

^ 

y 

/ 

/ 

/ 

""^ 



-- 

0 

1710  1730  I7B0  1770  1790  1810  1830  1850  1870  1890 

'700  1720  1740  1760  1780  1800  1820  1840  1860  1880  1900 


15 
urban 


RE)  OP 
TOTAL 


Urban. 


ht  .Ag»fyifi^ 


loao 
loao 

K.2 
82.3 
91.8 
87.5 
83.3 
77.8 
68.9 
66.1 
59.4 
58.6 


--J 

ii 


1 


POPULATION  IN  COLONIAL  AND  CONTINENTAL  PERIODS. 


15 


centuries.    The  estimates  of  wliicli  the  fif^urcs  for  years 
prior  to  1700  are  composed  have  already  been  given 


for  the  total  jjopulation  iu  Table  1 ,  and  for  the  urban 
population  in  tables  on  page  1 1. 


Table  4,-TOTAL  AND  URBAN  POPULATION  (ON  THE  li.VSIS  OF  PLACES  OF  8,000  IXnAIilTWT.S  OK  MORE)  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES,  AND  OF  THE  AREA  ENUMERATED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  COMPARED  WITH  THE  TOTAL 
POPULATION:  1700  TO  1900. 


1 

FOR  TOTAL  AREA.                                                            fOB  AREA  ENUMEBATED  IN   1790. 

PEB   CENT   POPITLA- 
TION       Of       AREA 

YEAR. 

Total  popu- 
latlOD. 

275,000 

367,600 

474,388 

6.54,950 

889.000 

1.207,000 

1,010,000 

2,205,000 

2,781,000 

3,929,025 

5,308,483 

7,239,881 

9,038,453 

12,8(50,020 

17,009.453 

23,191,876 

31.413..321 

38, 5.58. 371 

.50.1.55.783 

>02.947.714 

17.5, 994,. 575 

Places  of  8,000  and  over. 



Total  popu- 
lation. 

Places  of  8,000  and  over. 

1790    roRua    or 

POPULATION        or 
ITNrrED  STATEa. 

Number. 

Population. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Number. 

Population. 

Per  cent 
of  toUI. 

Total. 

Urban. 

1700 

1710 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

4 

5 

5 

0 

6 

11 

13 

2u 

44 

85 

141 

226 

286 

447 

645 

9.(J00 

11,00(1 

30, 00(1 

38.  .500 

42,431 

.56,387 

84.383 

76.000 

131.. 39(1 

210.873 

350,920 

475.  13.5 

804.  .509 

1.4.53,994 

2, 897,  .580 

5,072,250 

8.071.875 

11.318.547 

18,272,503 

24.992,199 

2.5 
2.3 
4.6 
4.3 
3.5 
3.5 
3.8 
2.7 
3.3 
4.0 
4.9 
4.9 
0.7 
8.5 
12.5 
16.1 
20.9 
22.6 
29.0 
32.9 

1720 



1730 

1740 

1750 

1760 

1770 

1780 

1790 

3,929,626 
5,247,355 
0,779,308 
8,293,869 
10, 240. 232 
11,781,231 
14,509.584 
17.326.157 
19,087,. 504 
23.92.5.0.19 
28,188,321 
33,553,630 

6 
6 

10 
13 
24 
40 
68 
IOC 
139 
168 
243 
285 

131,396 
210,873 
339,678 
438,317 

793,590 
1,272.3.30 
2,385.216 
3,W8,039 
5,501,692 
7.485,723 
10,854,778 
14,656,083 

3.3 
4.0 
5.0 
5.2 

7.5 
10.4 
1.5.7 
21.8 
27.1 
29.9 
36.8 
41.7 

100.0 
98.8 
93.6 
86.0 
79.6 
09.0 
62.8 
5.5.1 
51.1 
47.7 
44.8 
44.2 

loao 
loao 

85.2 
«2.3 
91.8 
87.5 
82.3 
77.8 
68.9 
66.1 
59.4 
68.6 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 ; 

1840        

1850 

I860              

1870 

1880                                       .     . 

1890 

1900 

■  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  and  Indian  reservations. 


/ 


II.  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


BOUNDARIES  AND  AREA— CURRENCY- 
TRANSPORTATION— THE  POSTAL  SERVICE— 
INDUSTRIES— EDUCATION—  NEWSPAPERS 
AND  PERIODICAL S— SLAVERY— INDL-^NS. 


The  taking  of  the  First  Census  of  the  United  States 
brought  home  to  each  citizen  the  practical  operation 
and  influence  of  the  newly  adopted  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  It  was  the  beginning  of  a  series  of 
distinctly  Federal  operations,  recurring  decennially, 
and  increasing  constantly  in  importance  and  in  statis- 
tical value,  which  unquestionably  have  exerted  great 
influence  in  imifying  the  states  and  demonstrating 
their  community  of  interests.  It  will  be  appropriate, 
therefore,  to  describe  briefly  the  area  of  the  Republic 
and  the  conditions  that  prevailed  at  the  beginning  of 
constitutional  government,  with  which,  for  all  practical 
purposes,  the  First  Census  was  coincident. 

The  year  1790  was  an  important  one  in  the  history 
of  the  principal  nations  of  Europe,  as  well  as  of  the 
young  Republic  in  America.  Monarchies  responsible 
in  but  small  degree  to  the  people  were  rapidly  becom- 
ing intolerable.  In  all  civilized  nations  the  growth  of 
enlightened  sentiment  had  been  greatly  accelerated  by 
the  results  of  the  recent  conflict  in  America.  Em'ope 
was  in  a  state  of  imrest,  and  was  already  upon  the 
verge  of  the  French  Revolution  and  the  continental 
wars  which  followed.  In  England  George  III — a  man 
of  52  years,  and  little  considered  in  the  afi'airs  of  the 
nations  of  Europe — stiU  occupied  the  throne ;  William 
Pitt  was  prime  minister,  and  the  energies  of  the  nation, 
which  had  been  somewhat  impaired  by  the  fruitless 
war  in  America,  were  being  recruited  for  more  profita- 
ble operations  upon  the  Continent.  In  Prussia  Fred- 
erick William  II  reigned  as  king,  having  succeeded  his 
father,  Frederick  the  Great.  Catherine  II — dissolute, 
but  brilliant  and  powerful — was  PDmpress  of  Russia. 
In  France  Louis  XVI  clung  to  a  tottering  throne,  and 
endeavored  by  ill-judged  and  fruitless  concessions  to 
placate  a  nation  which  was  drifting  toward  revolution 
and  anarchy. 

In  the  United  States  less  than  a  year  of  the  first  ad- 
ministration of  the  first  President  had  elapsed.  General 
Washington  having  been  inaugiu-ated  m  New  York 
city,  AprU  30,  1789.  Indeed,  when  the  First  Census 
was  ordered  the  machinery  of  Federal  Government 
was  but  just  constructed,  and  was  undergoing  its  first 
and  most  critical  test.  The  executive  branch  of  the 
Government  included  four  departments — State,  Treas- 
(16)' 


ury.  War,  and  Justice.  Thomas  Jefferson  was  Secre- 
tary of  State;  Alexander  Hamilton,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasure';  Henrj'  Knox,  Secretary  of  War;  and  Ed- 
mund Randolph,  Attorney-General.  Congress  con- 
sisted of  91  members,  26  in  the  Senate  and  65  in  the 
House  of  Representatives — the  numbers  specified  by 
the  Constitution — pending  the  enumeration  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  states. 

On  the  9th  of  Jul}',  1790,  Congress,  then  in  session 
at  New  York,  passed  a  bill  selecting  the  District  of 
Colmnbia  as  the  permanent  capital  of  the  nation,  but 
declaring  that  for  ten  years  from  the  end  of  that  session 
the  Government  should  be  located  at  Philadelphia. 
Under  this  act  the  seat  of  government  was  removed 
to  PhUadolphia  in  September,  1790.  Congress  assem- 
bled in  the  following  December  in  that  cit}',  its  sessions 
being  held  in  the  state  house,  on  Chestnut  street;  and 
by  the  close  of  the  year  the  Government  w^as  estab- 
lished in  the  temporary  capital.  The  executive  depart- 
ments were  located  in  small  rented  houses.  In  the 
Department  of  State,'  tliere  were,  indeed,  only  five 
clerks. 

According  to  Biddle's  Director}',  published  in  1791, 
President  Washington  resided  at  No.  190  High  street, 
below  Sixth,  in  the  mansion  buflt  by  Richard  Perm 
and  occupied  during  the  Revolution  by  General  Howe, 
Benedict  Arnold,  and  Robert  Morris.  Vice-President 
Adams  lived  in  the  Hamilton  mansion  at  Bush  Hill.^ 

The  year  1790  was  probably  the  most  critical  year 
of  General  Washington's  administration.^  It  was  the 
first  complete  j^ear  of  the  Federal  Government  under 

'  "  The  force  of  the  department  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  was  the  Secrctarj-,  the  chief  clerk,  and  ttiree  subordi- 
nates, at  a  total  cost  of  $6,500.  During  the  First  Congress  the  salary 
of  the  Secretary  of  State  was  fixed  at  $3,500,  the  chief  clerk  at  S800, 
and  clerks  at  not  to  exceed  S500  each.  In  1800  the  salary  of  the  Sec- 
retary was  increased  to  55,000,  but  the  total  pay  roll  only  amounted 
to  $12,950." — John  TT'.  Foster:  A  Century  of  Am/irican  Diplomacy, 
page  130. 

2  Scharf  and  V/estcott,  History  of  Philadelphia,  1609-1884,  page 
462. 

'  "No  man  ever  entered  with  a  higher  sense  of  responsibility  upon 
a  task  which  was  to  tax  his  wisdom,  patience,  and  reputation  to  the 
utmost.  In  his  inaugural  address  he  said  that  no  event  could  have 
filled  him  with  greater  anxiety  than  the  notification  of  his  election, 
and  that  the  magnitude  and  difliculty  of  the  trust,  to  which  the 
voice  of  his  countrymen  called  him,  awakened  a  distrustful  scrutiny 
into  his  qualifications." — John  TV.  Foster:  A  Century  oj  American 
Diplomacy,  page  136. 


17 


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Abraham      Braille.v  jun' 


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king, 
la,  of 
it  be- 
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The 
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THE  UNITED  STATES  IX  1790. 


17 


the  Constitution.  Precedent  was  being  made  at  every 
step.  No  ofTico  of  the  Government,  not  even  the 
Presidency,  had  been  in  existence  long  enough  to  com- 
mand any  respect,  except  such  as  was  imparted  by  the 
personahty  of  the  oflicial  himself.  Political  party 
lines,  which  became  dearly  defined  b}^  1702,  had  not 
yet  appeared.  Many  divisions  of  sentiment,  however, 
had  already  developed,  especially  in  connection  with 
the  interpretation  of  the  Constitution.  Everj-  free- 
holder was  deeply  interested  in  such  questions  as 
slavery.  Federal  assumption  of  state  debts,  and  the 
taxation  necessary  for  raising  the  revenues  required  to 
conduct  the  National  Government. 

No  service  pei-formed  by  General  Washington  in  the 
successful  prosecution  of  the  Revolutionary  War  com- 
pared with  that  which  he  rendered  in  saving  the  Re- 
public from  itself  during  the  early  days  of  his  admin- 
istration.' The  operation  of  the  Government  under 
the  new  Constitution  had  thus  far  proceeded  v^thout 
serious  friction,  but  with  considerable  criticism  and 
unrest.  Popular  confidence  in  and  respect  for  Presi- 
dent Waslungton,  the  hero  of  the  Revolution,  was 
probably  the  principal  factor  which  prevented  the 
early  occurrence  of  serious  disagreements.  While  the 
success  of  the  struggle  for  hberty  in  America  had  pro- 
foundly impressed  the  nations  of  Europe,  on  the  other 
hand  tlio  theories  i)roclaimed  by  the  radicals  in  France 
had  already  attracted  attention  in  the  United  States 
•and  seriously  affected  a  large  element  of  the  population. 
Indeed,  French  revolutionary  ideas  were  destined  to 
become  of  some  political  importance  during  the  ad- 
ministration of  President  Washington,  a  consideration 
which  doubtless  caused  the  patient  and  sagacious 
President  periods  of  grave  anxiety.  In  fact,  in  1790 
problems  arose  on  all  sides.  It  appears  to  liave  been 
an  open  question,  at  times,  whetlier  a  dozen  self-willeil 
commonwealths,  having  different  views  upon  many 
questions  of  public  poUcy,  and  great  independence  of 
thouglit  and  action,  ever  could  be  brouglit  to  bend  sub- 
missively to  the  control  of  a  constitution  created  for 
the  good  of  all,  but  requiring  of  necessity  many  mutual 
•concessions  and  considerable  breatlth  of  view. 

BOUNDARIES    A.M)    ATIE.V. 

In  1790  the  I'nion  consisted  of  1.3  states — Rhode 
Island,  the  hist  of  the  original  13  to  enter  tlie  Union, 
being  admitted  on  May  29.     Vermont,  the  first  addi- 

'  "AVhile  the  American  Union  was  forminp;  itself,  some  of  the 
worst  Bvmptr)ms  of  soirial  and  political  die.-'oliition  were  manifesting 
thoinselvos  »  *  *.  The  greatest  revelation  rendered  to  all  sub- 
senucnt  generations  by  these  opening  years  of  tho  American  Re- 
public is  in  tho  constaiit  proof  they  exhibit  of  the  prevailing  power 
of  the  people  for  self-government  *  *  *.  It  was  reserved  for  the 
sagacity  of  Uamilton— an  alien  genius,  a  rare  creation  independent 
of  race  or  time — to  see  through  to  the  end,  to  uphold  the  possibilities 
of  an  empire.  But  the  mca  of  tho  time,  the  concrete  actual  per- 
sonification of  these  godlike  faculties,  inchoate  and  dimly  perceived 
in  common  men,  was  Geoi^o  Washington." — Wcedcn:  Economic  and 
Social  History  of  New  England,  Vol.  II,  pages  S64  to  967. 


tion,  was  admitted  in  1791,  before  the  census  had  been 
completed.  Massachu.setts  included  Maine,  Virginia 
included  West  Virginia  and  nominally'  included  Ken- 
tucky. Georgia  included  parts  of  Alabama  and  Mis- 
sissippi. Tho  present  state  of  Tenne.ssee,  formed  out 
of  territory  ceded  to  the  Union  by  North  Carolina, 
was  known  as  the  Territory  South  of  the  Oliio  River,  or 
Southwest  Territory.  The  vast  area  between  the  Ohio 
and  Mississipjji  rivei-s  and  the  Great  Lakes — compris- 
ing the  present  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  IlUnois,  Michi- 
gan, and  Wisconsin,  with  part  of  Minnesota — was 
called  the  Territory  Northwest  of  the  Oliio  River,  or 
Northwest  Territory. 

The  United  States  in  1790  was  bounded  on  the  west 
by  the  Mississippi  river,  beyond  wiiich  stretched  a  vast 
unexplored  territory  claimed  by  the  Spanish  king. 
On  the  south  was  the  Spanish  colony  of  Florida,  of 
which  the  northern  boundary  was  in  dispute,  but  be- 
tween which  and  the  settlements  in  Georgia  stretched 
an  uninhaljited  region  containing  vast  swamps.  The 
northern  boundary  also  was  in  dispute  for  long  dis- 
tances; the  boundary  between  Maine  and  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada  was  a  fertile  source  of  contention; 
as  a  result  of  the  fact  that  the  water  line  through  the 
St.  Lawrence  river  and  the  Great  Lakes  was  undefined, 
some  of  the  islands  in  those  waters  were  claimed  by 
both  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain;  and  the  dis- 
covery that  the  Mississippi  river  did  not  extend  as  far 
north  as  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  revealed  a  gap  in  the 
boundary'  line  of  the  Northwest.  It  was  not  until 
more  than  fifty  j'ears  later,  by  the  Ashburton  treaty, 
that  the  boundary  of  Maine  was  fully  determined  and 
the  boundary  through  Lake  Superior  and  thence  to 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods  agreed  upon. 

The  gross  area  of  the  United  States  in  1790  was 
820,377  square  miles,  but  the  settled  area  was  only 
239,935  square  miles,  or  about  29  per  cent  of  tho  total. 
The  thickly  populated  areas  were  along  the  seaboard 
and  in  the  valleys  of  the  larger  rivere.  Western  New 
York  was  a  wilderness;  rude  frontier  forts  occupied 
the  present  sites  of  Oswego  and  LUica;  and  Bingham- 
ton  and  Elmira  were  outposts  of  civilization,  th.e  for- 
mer having  been  settled  in  1787  and  the  latter  in  1788. 
J.Iuch  of  western  Pennsylvania,  also,  was  a  wilderness. 

At  tlie  time  of  the  Declaration  of  Indepentlcnce  only 
6  of  the  13  American  states — New  Hampshire,  Rhode 
Island,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and 
Maryland — had  definite  boundaries.  Each  of  the 
others  laid  claim,  on  the  strength  of  early  and  often 
verj'  conflicting  grants  of  territory,  to  large  and  ill- 
defined  areas  in  the  vjtst  unexplored  region  west  of 
the  Appalachian  mountains. 

The  ownership  of  the.so  western  lands  by  individual  states  vr^a 
opposed  by  thoc;o  states  which  did  not  share  in  their  posses.'iion, 
mainly  on  the  ground  that  tho  rossources  of  tho  General  Government, 
to  which  all  contributed,  shotild  not  be  taxed  for  the  protection 
and  development  of  this  region,  while  its  advantages  would  inure 


INHABITED  AREA  IN  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


a    u    L    F        o\f       m    e    X    I   \c    o 


THE  UNITED  STATES 
1790 

SCALE  OF  MILES 

200  300 

^—M^M^  FRONTIER  LINE 


I^ingitude 


THE  UNITED  STATEvS  IX  1790. 


19 


to  the  benefit  of  but  a  favored  few.  On  this  ground  several  of  the 
states  refused  to  ratify  the  Constitution  until  this  matter  had  been 
settled  by  the  cession  of  these  tracts  to  the  General  Government. 

Moved  by  these  arguments,  as  well  as  by  the  consideration  of 
the  conflicting  character  of  the  claims,  which  must  inevitably  lead 
to  trouble  among  the  states.  Congress  passed,  on  October  30,  1779, 
the  following  act: 

Whereas  the  appropriation  of  the  vacant  lands  by  the  several 
states  duriiijj  the  present  war  will,  in  the  opinion  of  Congress,  be 
attended  with  great  mischiefs.    Therefore, 

Re-iohed,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  state  of  Vir- 
ginia to  recon.sider  their  late  act  of  assembly  for  opening  their  land 
oflSce;  and  it  be  recommended  to  the  said  state,  and  all  other  states 
similarly  circumstanced,  to  forbear  settling  or  issuing  warrants  for 
unappropriated  lands,  or  granting  the  same  during  the  continuance 
of  the  present  war.' 

By  1790  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York, 
and  Virginia  had  ceded  to  the  Federal  Government  all 
right  and  title  to  lands  claimed  by  them  in  the  North- 
west Territor}^  ^\ith  the  exception  of  what  was 
known  as  the  "Connecticut  Reserve;"  North  Caro- 
hna  and  South  CaroUna  had  yielded  up  tlieir  claims 
to  territory  extending  to  the  Missis-sippi;  and  Maine, 
Vermont,  and  Kentucky  were  sufficiently  distinct  to 
be  reported  separately  at  the  First  Census.  Georgia 
still  held  out,  but  Georgia's  western  territory  was 
practically  a  wldemess,  the  enumerated  area  being 
merely  that  part  of  the  present  state  which  lies  along 
the  seacoast. 

In  1790  the  claim  of  the  Federal  Government  to 
ownership  of  the  vast  areas  between  the  Appalachian 
mountains  and  the  Mississippi  river  was  still  subject, 
to  some  extent,  to  the  rights  of  the  Indians ;  but  such 
rights  had  never  been  seriously  regarded  iu  the  past, 
and  in  fact  subsequently  proved  of  little  consequence  in 
the  settlement  of  the  territory. 

The  greatest  length  of  the  Northwest  Territory  was 
about  900  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth,  approximately 
700.  It  was  bounded  on  the  east  by  Pennsylvania,  on 
the  southeast  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  on  the  north  and 
west  by  the  international  boundar}^.  By  contemporary 
writers  it  was  estimated  to  contain  220,000,000  acres 
of  land  surface.  This  land,  with  the  exception  of  a 
few  tracts,  was  held  by  the  Federal  Government,  to 
be  sold  for  the  discharge  of  the  national  debt.  One 
exception  was  the  narrow  strip  known  as  tlie  "Con- 
necticut Kesei-ve,"  bordering  on  Lake  Erie  and  stretch- 
ing 120  miles  west  of  the  western  boundary  of  Penn- 
sylvania. This  tract  belonged  to  the  state  of  Con- 
necticut. Title  to  about  one-sixth  of  it  was  given  to 
citizens  of  Connecticut  who  had  lost  property  in  the 
Revolution,  and  the  remainder  was  sold  bj'  the  state, 
in  1795-96,  to  the  Connecticut  Land  Company,  for 
$1,200,000,  the  proceeds  being  used  for  the  support  of 
schools  and  colleges  in  that  state.  It  was  not  until  the 
year  1800  that  Connecticut  relinquished  jurisdiction 
over  this  region  in  favor  of  the  Federal  Government. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  passed  on  the  13th  of  July, 
1787,  the  Northwest  Territory  was  erected,  for  the  pur- 

•  Henry  Gannett,  United  States  Geological  Survey,  "Boundaries  of 
the  United  States,"  third  edition,  page  30. 


poses  of  temporary  government,  into  one  district — 
subject,  however,  to  a  division  when  circumstances 
should  make  it  expedient.  The  fifth  article  of  tliis 
act  provided  that  there  should  be  formed  in  the  ter- 
ritory not  less  than  3  nor  more  f  lian  5  states.  Under 
its  terms  tentative  state  boundaries  appear  to  have 
been  constructed  for  the  maximum  number,  which 
are  shown  upon  contemporary  ma]>s  as  First  State, 
Second  State,  etc.  The  First  State  rouglily  coincided 
with  the  present  state  of  Ohio,  the  Second  with  a  part 
of  the  present  state  of  In<liana,  the  Third  with  a  part 
of  Illinois,  the  Fourth  with  a  part  of  Michigan,  and  the 
Fifth  with  more  than  the  present  state  of  Wisconsin. 
In  1790,  therefore,  the  foundations  of  5  great  states 
may  be  said  to  have  been  laid. 

Beginning  on  the  meridian  line  which  forms  the 
western  boundary  of  Pennsylvania,  seven  ranges  of 
townships  had  been  surveyed  and  laid  off  by  order  of 
Congress.  In  a  portion  of  the  territory  the  Indian 
title  had  been  extinguished  and  4  counties  had  been 
laid  off  by  June,  1790 — Washington,  erected  <»ii  July 

26,  1788;  Hamilton,  January  2,  1790;  St.  Clair,  April 

27,  1790;  and  Knox,  June  20,  1790.  Of  these,  Wash- 
ington and  Hamilton  counties  were  located  in  the 
present  state  of  Ohio,  Knox  county  in  Indiana  (north 
of  Vincennes),  and  St.  Claii-  county  in  Illinois. 

The  Northwest  Territory  contained  but  a  few  thou- 
sand inhabitants,  nearly  all  of  whom  were  in  the 
fertile  valley  of  the  Ohio.  Bands  of  marauding  sav- 
ages contested  the  advance  of  settlers  an<l  made  the 
life  of  the  pioneers  hazardous  and  often  tragic.  Cin- 
cinnati was  settled  in  1780  and  Marietta  in  1788;  but 
for  years  Cincinnati  was  only  a  garrison,  and  tiie  first 
white  child  was  not  born  there  imtil  1790.  The  west- 
ernmost .settlement  on  the  Ohio  was  at  Louisville. 
All  of  the  Great  Lake  ports  were  in  the  hanu.s  of  the 
British.  Across  the  mountains,  south  of  the  Ohio, 
the  only  considerable  settlements  were  in  Kentucky 
and  western  Tennessee,  whither  settlers  had  In^en  led 
by  Daniel  Boone  and  other  hardy  hunters,  to  make 
homes  for  themselves  in  the  fertile  blue  grass  regions. 
Only  about  one-twentieth  of  the  people  of  the  coun- 
try lived  west  of  the  crest  of  the  Appalachian  moun- 
tains. The  western  country  was  so  vast,  and  the 
facilities  for  transportation  and  communicati(m  .so 
meager,  that  Jeffereon  predicted  it  would  be  a 
thousand  years  before  the  country  as  far  we^t  as  the 
Mississippi  would  be  thickly  settled. 

Local  organization. — The  states  differed  widely  in 
local  government,  and  hence  in  the  geograi)liic  subdi- 
vision of  their  counties.  In  New  Englanil  the  county 
was  a  corporation  which  existed  for  judicial  rather 
than  for  political  purposes.  The  j)olitical  unit  was 
the  town,  which  received  its  charter  from  the  state 
legislature,  elected  its  own  officers,  and  managed  its 
local  affairs  in  its  own  way. 

In  the  iliddle  states— New  York,  New  Jersey,  Penn- 
sylvania,  and   Delaware — the   county   was   of  much 


20 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPUI^TION  GRO^VTH. 


greater  importance  than  in  New  England;  on  the 
other  hand,  the  subdivision  of  the  county  called  the 
township  (except  in  Delaware,  where  it  is  called  the 
hundred),  was  of  less  importance  than  the  New  Eng- 
land town.  In  New  York  the  township  was  created 
by  the  county  board;  in  New  Jersey,  by  the  state 
legislature;  in  Pennsylvania,  by  the  county  court  of 
quarter  sessions;  in  Delaware  there  appears  not  to 
have  been  any  definite  and  systematic  subdivision  of 
the  counties.  New  York  adjoined  New  England,  and 
a  large  part  of  the  population  of  the  state  were  per- 
sons who  had  migrated  from  that  section,  and  natu- 
rally had  carried  with  them  the  idea  of  the  town  sys- 
tem of  local  government;  consequently,  in  1790,  the 
township  limits  in  New  York  were  better  defined  than 
those  in  any  other  state  outside  of  New  England,  with 
the  possible  exception  of  New  Jersey,  the  only  Middle 
state  in  which  the  townsliip  was  created  by  the  state. 
In  Pennsylvania  the  township,  as  a  geographic  area, 
was  less  important  than  in  New  York.  The  principal 
maps  of  Pennsylvania  at  the  period  under  consideration 
show  the  location  of  mountains  and  rivers  in  detail,  the 
names  of  coimties,  and  the  names  of  the  more  promi- 
nent towns  and  cities,  but  do  not  define  the  township 
boundaries.  Population  was  increasing  and  extend- 
ing with  great  rapidity,  existing  townships  were  being 
subdivided,  and  new  ones  were  being  created.  Under 
these  conditions  the  boundaries  of  the  townships  in 
the  more  thinly  settled  portions  were  very  unstable. 
In  the  Southern  states  the  county  was  the  political 
unit,  fulfilling  all  the  fimctions  of  both  the  county  and 
town  in  New  England.  Subdivision  into  to^vnships 
was  made  for  administrative  purposes  only; '  in  some 
instances  these  subdivisions  corresponded  to  the  elec- 
tion precincts  of  the  present  day. 

CUERENCT. 

The  close  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  found  the 
finances  of  the  country  in  almost  hopeless  confusion, 
and  affairs  had  improved  but  little  by  1790.  There 
was  no  mint,  and  but  httle  specie,  and  much  of  the 
trade,  especially  in  the  interior,  was  carried  on  by 
barter.  ^'Ul  the  coins  in  circulation  were  foreign,  and 
many  were  badly  worn  and  mutilated. 

The  commonest  coin  was  the  Spanish  "milled  dol- 
lar," or  "piece  of  eight,"  which  was  obtained  in  trade 
from  the  West  Indies;  after  the  Revolution  tliis  coin, 
with  its  subdivisions,  was  the  recognized  unit  of 
account.  The  coins  of  Great  Britain  were  in  Kmited 
circulation  in  all  the  states,  and  reckoning  was  often 
in  pounds,  shillings,  and  pence;  but  because  of  the 

'  In  most  of  the  county-system  states  the  local  subdivisions,  by 
whatever  name  known,  are  created  by  the  county  authorities. 
They  are  but  skeletons  and  exist  only  for  convenience  as  districts 
for  holding  elections,  for  fixing  the  jurisdiction  of  the  justice  of  the 
peace,  or  for  determining  the  militia-company  organization.  Jus- 
tices of  the  peace  and  constables  are  found  in  these  districts,  but 
the  districts  are  in  no  sense  political  organs.  (Hinsdale:  The 
American  Government,  page  404.) 


limited  supply  of  Enghsh  coins,  and  from  other  causes, 
the  value  of  the  potmd  and  shilling  diflFered  materially 
in  the  different  states.  Hence  it  was  often  necessary, 
in  business  transactions,  to  name  the  state  of  exchange. 
The  principal  gold  coins  in  use,  other  than  the  British 
pieces,  were  the  French  guinea  and  pistole,  the  Portu- 
guese moidores  and  Johannes,  or  "joe,"  and  the  Spanish 
doubloon  and  pistole;  but  the  number  of  these  was 
small.  The  silver  coins  in  circidation,  besides  British 
pieces  and  the  Spanish  dollar,  were  chiefly  the  crown 
and  hvre  of  France.  The  copper  coins  were  princi- 
pally those  of  Great  Britain.  The  supply  of  fractional 
currency  was  inadequate  to  the  demand,  and  silver 
pieces  were  often  cut  into  halves  and  cjuarters  in  order 
to  make  change. 

In  1785  Congress  adopted  as  the  currency  basis  the 
silver  dollar,  on  a  decimal  system,  as  exemphfied  in  the- 
Spanish  dollar;  and  by  1790,  in  making  exchanges, 
the  value  of  all  coins  was  quite  generally  referred  to 
tliis  standard.  The  system  of  reckoning  in  sliillings 
and  pence,  however,  persisted  in  some  places  and  with 
some  people.  The  ecjuivalent  of  the  dollar  in  New 
England  and  Virginia  was  6  sliilUngs ;  in  New  York  and 
North  Carolina,  8  sliillings;  in  South  CaroUna,  32 i 
shillings ;  in  Georgia,  5  sliilhngs ;  and  in  the  four  other 
colonies,  74  shilhngs. 

In  addition  to  specie,  there  was  a  large  amount  of 
paper  money  in  circulation.  During  the  Revolution, 
and  in  the  succeeding  j'ears  of  the  Continental  period, 
both  the  Confederation  and  the  individual  states  had 
made  large  issues  of  paper  money,  and,  being  unable 
to  redeem  it,  had  refimded  now  and  then  by  new 
issues.  This  was  never  worth  its  face  value,  and  stead- 
ily depreciated  from  the  date  of  issue.  In  March,  1780, 
the  Continental  currency  had  fallen  to  such  a  point 
that  one  dollar  in  silver  was  worth  65  dollars  in  paper. 
"Not  worth  a  continental"  came  to  be  the  phrase  used 
for  anytlung  practically  worthless.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  this  paper  money  had  much  to  do  with  the 
demoralization  of  industry  during  the  Continental 
period.  A  contemporary  writer  and  close  observer  of 
the  times — Peletiah  Webster,  of  Philadelphia — says: 
"We  have  suffered  more  from  this  cause  than  from 
any  other  cause  of  calamity.  It  has  lulled  more  men, 
perverted  and  corrupted  the  choicest  interests  of  our 
country  more,  and  done  more  injustice,  than  even  the 
arms  and  artifices  of  our  enemies."  And  again  he  says : 
"If  it  saved  the  state,  it  has  violated  the  equity  of  our 
laws,  corrupted  the  justice  of  our  public  administra- 
tion, enervated  the  trade,  industry,  and  manufactures 
of  our  country,  and  gone  far  to  destroy  the  morahty 
of  our  people."  M.  de  Warville,  in  his  travels  in 
America  in  1788,  inveighed  against  the  paper  money 
of  Rhode  Island  and  New  Jersey  in  tones  no  less 
uncertain.  As  a  chmax  to  the  whole.  Congress  even 
refused  to  accept  its  own  paper  money  in  payment  of 
postage. 


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THE  UNITED  STATES  IX  1790. 


21 


In  Virginia  the  lack  of  specie  was  supplied  largely 
by  ])aper  currency  called  "tobacco  money."  Tliis 
was  a  genuine  asset  currency,  the  notes  being  sinijjly 
the  ])ubUc  warehouse  receii)ts  for  the  tobacco  placed 
therein.  They  circulated  freely  in  the  state,  according 
to  the  known  value  of  the  tobacco. 

In  1790  there  were  but  three  banks  in  the  United 
States:  The  Bank  of  North  America,  established  in 
the  city  of  Philadeli)liia;  the  Bank  of  New  York;  and 
the  Bank  of  Massachusetts,  in  Boston.  Of  these  three, 
the  first-named  is  the  only  one  which  had  at  any  time 
a  direct  relation  with  the  Federal  Government. 

TRANSPORT.\TION. 

The  common  mode  of  travel  before  the  Kevolution 
was  by  boat  or  horse.  The  river  valleys  are  usually  the 
portions  of  a  country  first  settled,  and  in  the  newer 
portions  of  America  travel  was  often  by  river  routes. 
Many  persons  did  not  own  carriages  or  wagons;  incon- 
seiiuence,  a  considerable  j)roportion  of  the  ])0])ulation 
had  no  retiuirement  for  wagon  roads.  This  was  par- 
ticularly the  case  in  the  South,  where  the  plantations 
were  situated  along  the  banks  of  navigable  streams  and 
products  were  marketed  by  boat. 

AVith  the  growth  of  the  colonics,  and  an  increasing 
recjuirement  for  intercommunication,  the  extension 
of  stagectiach  systems  was  very  rapid,  and  became 
especially  marked  after  the  Revolution.  As  might  be 
exju'ctetl,  such  extension  was  coincident  with  the 
opening  of  many  new  roads  and  the  improvement  of 
existing  highways.  In  1790,  however,  there  remained 
many  sections  of  the  country  in  which  there  were  n<i 
roads.  On  the  nnips  of  the  slates  published  during  the 
last  decade  of  the  eighteenth  century,  no  highways 
are  shown  in  the  eastern  jiart  of  Maine,  and  but  few 
in  northern  New  England,  northern  and  western  New 
York,  northwestern  Pennsylvania,  and  throughout  the 
mountainous  regions  of  the  South.  Many  highways 
were  such  in  name  only — often  little  more  than  bridle 
patlis  or  blazed  trails  running  through  otherwise 
unbroken  wildernesses.  Even  the  more  ])retenlious 
roads  were  poor,  and  often  impassable.  Bridges  were 
all  but  unknown  in  the  tliinly  settled  portions;  and 
in  the  fall  and  spring,  when  the  rivers  were  covered 
with  imsafe  ice  or  were  full  of  floating  ice,  travel  was 
extremely  dangerous. 

Between  important  towns,  especially  in  New  Eng- 
land, better  conditioiis  prevailed.  From  Boston, 
roads  branched  off  in  many  directions.  A  broad  liigh- 
waj-  exte!ided  westward  tlirough  Marlboro,  Worces- 
ter, Spencer,  and  Springfield;  another  passed  through 
Lynn,  Salem,  Portsmouth,  and  Portland,  to  the 
headwaters  of  the  Kennebec;  other  roads  led  to 
Providence,  Lowell,  and  Concord.  Koads  followed 
both  banks  of  the  Merrimac  and  Cormecticut  rivers; 
and  !ui  important  road  ran  from  Concord  and  Ash- 
burnliam,  Mass.,  tiu-ough  Rutland.  Vt.,  and  along  the 
76292—09 3 


eastern  shore  of  Lake  Champlain.  Over  these  lugh- 
ways  the  products  of  the  surrounding  country  for  long 
distances  were  brought  to  Boston  for  export. 

The  maps  of  Rhode  Island  and  Coimecticut  at  this 
period  present  a  network  of  highways.  From  Provi- 
dence a  road  skirted  tlie  western  coast  of  Narragan- 
sett  bay  and  followed  the  Sound  to  New  York.  In 
the  Cormecticut  valley,  also,  there  were  many 
important  roads. 

In  New  York  the  Albany  post  road  ran  from  New 
York  city  along  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Hudson  river 
to  .Ubany,  and  thence  northward  to  Plattsburg  and 
into  Vermont.  Through  ^Vibany  jjassed  the  western 
highway  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Mohawk  valley, 
over  which,  in  1790,  numbers  of  emigrants  journeved 
daily.  In  the  wilds  of  western  New  'iOrk  this  read 
dwindled  to  a  trail,  and  as  such  continued  to  Fort 
Niagara. 

Across  the  state  of  New  Jersey  there  were  many 
roails,  but  the  principal  highway  extended  from  New 
York  through  Newark,  Ehzabethtown,  and  Bruns- 
wick to  Trenton.  ^\jiother  road  skirted  the  eastern 
anil  southern  shores  of  New  Jersey.  From  Trenton 
a  road  passed  through  Burlington,  Philadelpliia, 
Chester,  Wilmington,  Elkton,  Havre  de  Grace,  Balti- 
more, Alexandria,  and  then  southward. 

Pliiladi'lphia  was  a  common  center  of  highways  for 
a  wide  radius.  This  city  was  a  great  market  for  the 
sale  of  farm  jjroduce;  in  the  autumn  and  winter  the 
highways  were  filled  with  heavily  loaded  wagons  from 
the  surrounding  farms,  bound  for  Philadelphia.  The 
main  roatl  from  Philadelphia  westward  passed  through 
Lancaster,  Ilarrisburg,  Carhsle,  Shijjpensburg,  Bed- 
ford, and  Pittsburg.  Several  other  roads  crossed  or 
nearly  crossed  the  state,  converging  at  the  mountain 
passes  ami  centering  upon  Pittsburg. 

The  maps  of  the  Southern  states  show  many  roads, 
but  the  most  important  were  along  the  seacoast. 
Leaving  ^Vlexandria,  an  important  road  ran  through 
Fredericksburg  and  JamestowTi,  Va.,  Hertford,  New- 
bern,  and  Wilmington,  N.  C,  Charleston,  S.  C,  and 
Savamiah,  Ga.,  thus  completing  a  chain  of  highways 
from  the  Kennebec  river  to  Georgia. 

Several  roads  crossed  the  mountain  barriers  of 
Virginia  and  North  CaroUna  to  the  West,  those  that 
were  not  lost  on  the  banks  of  rivers  being  centered 
upon  Lexington,  Piinville,  Clarksville,  Knoxville,  and 
Nashville.  One  of  the  most  famous  of  these  was  the 
"Wilderness  road,"  which  passed  tlirough  the  Cum- 
berland Gap.  It  was  the  only  direct  overland  route 
into  Kentucky,  and  was  marked  out  by  Daniel  Boone. 
Not  until  1795  was  tliis  road  widened  into  a  wagon 
track. 

Briilges  over  even  the  larger  rivers  were  not  com- 
mon, and  the  smaller  streams  were  usually  forded; 
but  by  1790  numy  bridges  hud  been  built  near  the 
large  cities  and  on  the  principal  roads.     The  greatest 


22 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


engineering  feat  in  the  Republic  was  the  bridge  over 
the  Charles  river,  connecting  Boston  and  Charles- 
town.  This  bridge  was  built  in  17S6,  and  was  then 
the  longest  bridge  in  the  workl.  The  Charles  river 
was  about  as  wide  at  that  point  as  the  Thames  river 
at  the  famous  London  bridge. 

Stagecoaching  days  had  not  arrived  at  their  zenith 
by  1790,  but  the  stagecoach  was  fast  coming  to  be  the 
common  mode  of  inland  travel.  The  system  was 
developed  to  the  greatest  extent  in  New  England, 
where  the  population  was  comparatively  dense.  As 
early  as  1765  there  were  two  stage  routes  between 
Providence  and  Hartford.  In  1769  a  coach  was 
announced  between  Hartford  and  Norwich,  "a  day's 
journey  only,"  and  two  coaches  a  week  between 
Providence  and  Boston,  which  journey  also  was  accom- 
plished in  a  day.  In  1793  there  were  daily  stages 
between  Boston  and  Providence,  the  fare  being  but  a 
dollar.  In  1790  stages  ran  between  Newburyport  and 
Boston  three  times  a  week  in  summer  and  twice  a 
week  in  winter;  between  Boston  and  New  York,  by 
the  way  of  Worcester,  Springfield,  and  Hartford, 
three  times  a  week  in  summer  and  twice  a  week  in 
winter;  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  five 
times  a  week;  between  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore, 
and  between  Baltimore  and  Alexandria,  three  times 
a  week;  and  between  many  other  cities  at  less 
frequent  intervals. 

Mr.  Levi  Pease  started  the  first  line  of  stages 
between  Boston  and  New  York  shortly  after  the 
conclusion  of  peace  in  1783.'  He  also  obtained  the 
first  government  contract  within  the  United  States 
for  carrymg  the  mails  by  stage,  and  the  first  mail  in 
this  new  service  passed  through  Worcester  on  January 
17,  17S6.' 

The  distance  between  Boston  and  New  York  was 
covered  under  ordinary  conditions  in  four  days,  and 

'Stages  from  Portsmouth  in  New  Hampshire,  to  Savannah  in 
Georgia: 

There  is  now  a  line  of  stages  established  from  New  Hampshire  to 
Georgia,  which  go  and  return  regularly,  and  carry  the  several  mails, 
by  order  and  permission  of  Congress. 

The  stages  from  Boston  to  Hartford  in  Connecticut  set  out,  during 
the  winter  season,  from  the  house  of  Levi  Pease,  at  the  sign  of  the 
New  York  Stage,  opposite  the  Mall,  in  Boston,  every  Monday  and 
Thursday  morning,  precisely  at  5  o'clock,  go  as  far  as  Worcester  on 
the  evenings  of  those  days,  and  on  the  days  following  proceed  to 
Palmer,  and  on  the  third  day  reach  Hartford;  the  first  stage  reaches 
the  city  of  New  York  on  Saturday  evening  following. 

The  stages  from  New  York  for  Boston  set  out  on  the  same  days, 
and  reach  Hartford  at  the  same  time  as  the  Boston  stages. 

The  stages  from  Boston  exchange  passengers  with  the  stages 
from  Hartford  at  Spencer,  and  the  Hartford  stages  exchange  wTth 
those  from  New  York  at  Hartford.  Passengers  are  again  ex- 
changed at  Stratford  ferry,  and  not  again  until  their  arrival  in  New 
York. 

By  the  present  regulation  of  the  stages  it  is  certainly  the  most 
convenient  and  expeditious  way  of  traveling  that  can  possibly  be 
had  in  America,  and  in  order  to  make  it  the  cheapest,  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  stages  have  lowered  their  prices  from  four  pence  to  tliree 
pence  a  mile,  with  liberty  to  passengers  to  carry  fourteen  pounds 
baggage. 

In  the  summer  season  the  stages  are  to  run  with  the  mail  three 
times  in  a  week  instead  of  twice,  as  in  the  winter,  by  which  means 
those  who  take  passage  at  Boston,  in  the  stage  which  sets  off  on 


the  time  of  the  "diligence"  between  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  was  two  days.  Intelligence  of  Wash- 
ington's election  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United 
States,  in  New  York,  on  April  7,  1789,  was  conveyed 
to  him  at  Mt.  Vernon  by  Charles  Thomson,  the  clerk 
of  Congress,  on  April  14.  Washington  died  on 
December  14,  1799,  and  news  of  an  event  of  such 
great  interest  was  probably  forwarded  with  all 
possible  dispatch;  yet  this  news  did  not  reach  Boston 
until  December  24. 

The  most  traveled  road  in  the  country  was  doubt- 
less the  liighway  across  New  Jersey  cormecting  New 
York  and  Philadelphia.  For  most  of  the  distance 
this  road  was  kept  in  excellent  repair.  For  part  of 
the  distance,  from  New  York  to  Newark,  it  repre- 
sented considerable  engineering  enterprise,  being 
built  wholly  of  wood  in  the  midst  of  water  and  "on  a 
soil  that  trembled  when  stepped  upon."  The  stage- 
coach used  was  a  kind  of  open  w^agon,  hung  with 
curtains  of  leather  and  woolen,  which  could  be  raised 
or  lowered  at  pleasure.  It  had  four  benches  and 
would  seat  twelve  persons.  Light  baggage  was  put 
under  the  benches,  and  the  trunks  were  attached 
behind. 

The  highwa}'  from  Philadelphia  to  Baltimore  was 
less  traveled,  and,  because  of  the  character  of  the  soil, 
was  often  in  an  almost  impassable  condition.^ 

Samuel  Breck,  speaking  of  travel  between  New 
York  and  Boston  in  1787,  says: 

In  those  days  there  were  two  ways  of  getting  to  Boston:  One  way 
by  a  clumsy  stage  that  travels  about  40  miles  a  day,  with  the  same 
horses  the  whole  day;  so  that  rising  at  3  or  4  o'clock  and  prolonging 
the  day's  ride  into  the  night,  one  made  out  to  reach  Boston  in  six 
days;  the  other  route  was  by  packet-sloop  up  the  Sound  to  Provi- 
dence and  thence  by  land  to  Boston.  This  was  full  of  uncertainty, 
sometimes  being  traveled  in  three  and  sometimes  in  nine  days. 
I  myself  have  been  that  length  of  time  (nine  days)  going  from  N^W 
York  to  Boston. 

Monday  morning,  may  arrive  at  New  York  on  the  Thursday  evening' 
following,  and  all  the  mails  during  that  season  are  to  be  but  four 
days  going  from  Boston  to  New  York,  and  so  from  New  York  to 
Boston. 

Those  who  intend  taking  passage  in  the  stages  must  leave  their 
names  and  baggage  the  evening  preceding  the  morning  that  the 
stage  sets  off,  at  the  several  places  where  the  stages  put  up,  and  pay 
one-half  of  their  passage  to  the  place  where  the  first  exchange  of 
passengers  is  made,  if  bound  so  far,  and  if  not,  one-half  of  their 
passage  so  far  as  they  are  bound. 

N.  B. — Way  passengers  will  be  accommodated  when  the  stages 
are  not  full,  at  the  same  rate,  viz,  3  pence  only  per  mile. 

Said  Pease  keeps  good  lodging,  etc.,  for  gentlemen  travelers,  and 
stabling  for  horses. 

Boston,  January  2,  1786. — Massachusetts  Spy,  or  the  Worcester 
Gazette,  January  5,  1786. 

-  Alice  Morse  Earle:  Stage  Coach  and  Tavern  Days,  pages  295  toij 
297.  '  " 

^  A  Frenchman  who  made  a  journey  from  Philadelphia  to 
Baltimore  in  November,  1788,  thus  describes  a  portion  of  his  trip: 
"From  thence  (Havre  de  Grace)  to  Baltimore  are  reckoned  60 
miles.  The  road  in  general  is  frightful,  it  is  over  a  clay  soil,  full 
of  deep  ruts,  always  in  the  midst  of  forests;  frequently  obstructed 
by  trees  overset  by  the  wind,  which  obliged  us  to  seek  a  new  pas- 
sage among  the  woods.  I  can  not  concei\-e  why  the  stage  does  not 
often  overset.  Both  the  drivers  and  their  horses  discover  great 
skill  and  dexterity,  being  accustomed  to  these  roads." — Brissot  de 
Warville:  Travels  in  the  United  States  of  America  (118S). 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IX  1790. 


23 


At  that  time  there  was  scarcely  a  town  along  the 
coast  of  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  and  New  Jersey 
that  was  not  connected  by  sailing  sloops  ^vith  New 
York.  The  fare  from  Providence  tn  New  York  bv 
packet  was  $6.  From  ports  in  New' England,  sloops 
made  frequent  trips  to  Boston;  and  from  the  southern 
ports,  to  the  nearest  princijial  cities.  All  through  the 
advertisements  in  the  newspapers  of  that  period  were 
notices  of  the  regular  or  occasional  sailings  of  sloops 
to  different  seacoast  towns.  These  sloops  had  ac- 
commodations for  passengers,  and  were  generally  com- 
fortable, but  with  head  winds  the  time  of  arrival  was 
very  imcertain.  Meals  were  charged  for  at  high  rates — 
sometimes  in  excess  of  the  fare;  and  it  was  often 
claimed  that  the  skipper  delayed  the  voyage  when 
there  were  many  passengers,  in  order  to  profit  at  their 
expense. 

THE    POSTAL    SERVICE. 

The  post  office  system  established  during  the  Conti- 
nental period  was  continued  when  the  Federal  Govern- 
■  nient  was  established.  This  .system  was  based  upon 
an  "Ordinance  for  Regulating  the  Post  Office  of  the 
United  States  of  America,"  passed  by  the  Continental 
Congress,  October  IS,  17cS2.  In  1790  there  were  75 
post  offices  and  1,875  miles  of  post  roads;  for  the  first 
quarter  of  that  year  the  receipts  were  S37,9.'55  and  the 
expenditures  $32,140,  wliich  left  a  surplus  of  .$5,795. 

The  main  post  road  ran  from  Wiscasset,  Me.,  through 
Boston.  Springfield,  Hartford,  New  York,  Pliiladclphia, 
Baltimore,  Alexandria,  Wilmington,  and  Charleston, 
to  Savannah.  With  this  as  a  main  system,  crossroads 
branched  off,  connecting  the  principal  settlements: 
but  a  large  number  of  important  towns,  and  even 
entire  states,  had  no  communication  by  post.  Many 
of  the  post  roads  were  marked  by  milestones,  set  up 
when  Franklin  was  Postmaster-General,  to  assist  the 
postmasters  in  ascertaining  the  postage.  Indeed, 
some  of  these  milestones  are  still  in  existence. 

Most  of  the  mail  was  carried  by  stages,  the  Post- 
master-General being  instructed  to  favor  stage  lines 
in  awarding  contracts.'  The  onh*  portions  of  the  main 
system  served  by  postriders  were  from  Wisca.sset,  Me., 
to  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  from  Georgetown,  S.  C,  to 
Charleston,  S.  C.  Postriders  still  rode,  however,  on 
several  of  the  crossroads. 

'"The  mail  is  now  carried  in  Btagecoachea  in  which  there  are 
generally  several  passengers,  sometimes  as  many  as  six,  and  it  is 
supposed  that  many  more  letters  go  by  the  passengers  than  by  the 
mail ;  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  mo.'it  persons  would  wish  to  be  excused 
from  the  trouble  of  carr>ing  these  letters,  and  if  this  section  pa.s.«os 
they  will  be  furnished  with  an  excuse  for  not  taking  them;  and  it 
appears  very  unreasonable  and  absurd  that  the  public  should  pay 
the  proprietors  of  the  stage,''  for  transporting  the  mail,  and  in  this 
way  be  defrauded  out  of  that  revenue  which  they  arc  undoubtedly 
entitled  to  receive." — Mr.  Livermorc,  of  House  of  Representatives, 
June,  ITJO. 


At  this  time  there  were  about  twenty  different  con- 
tracts for  carrying  the  mail,  and  this  had  a  tendency  to 
confuse  the  system.*  The  Postmaster-General  states, 
in  a  report  submitted  to  Congress  in  1790,  that  "every 
contractor  consults  his  own  interest  as  to  the  days  and 
hours  of  arrival  and  departure  of  the  mail,  without 
having  a  due  regard  to  the  necessary  connection  of  the 
post  office.  A  regular  system  of  days  and  hours  of 
departure  has  never  been  established  farther  south- 
ward than  Alexandria." 

The  revenue  of  the  post  office  at  this  period  arose 
"principally  from  letters  passing  from  one  seaport  to 
another."  The  amount  of  postage  depended  upon  the 
distance  the  letter  was  to  be  carried.  The  postage  on 
letters  was  usually  collected  at  the  place  of  delivery, 
but  the  postmaster  had  authority  to  collect  it  at  the 
place  of  posting  if  he  desired  to  do  so. 

In  1787  the  postage  on  letters  established  in  the 
ordinance  of  1782  was  reduced  25  per  cent,  and  the 
Postmaster-General  was  instructed  to  fix  such  rates 
for  the  carriage  of  large  packages  as  he  judged  would 
be  most  likely  to  induce  persons  to  j)atronize  the  post. 
These  rates  contiimcd  in  force  until  1792. 

It  has  been  asserted  bj^  many  historians  that  news- 
papers were  not  sent  by  post  at  this  period,  but  the 
ordinance  quoted  seems  to  make  provision  for  them  to 
be  so  sent.  Moreover,  the  Postmaster-General  states 
that  "newspapers,  which  have  hitherto  passed  free  of 
postage,  circulate  extensively  llirough  the  post  offices; 
one  or  two  cents  upon  each  woidd  probably  amount  to 
as  much  as  the  expense  of  transporting  the  mail." 

By  a  law  approved  February-  20,  1792,  the  following 
rates  of  postage  went  into  effect:  For  the  postage  of 
every  single  letter — imder  30  miles,  6  cents;  30  to  60 
miles,  8  cents;  60  to  100  miles,  10  cents;  100  to  150 
miles,  12§  cents;  150  to  200  miles,  15  cents;  200  to  250 
miles,  17  cents;  250  to  350  miles,  20  cents;  350  to  450 
miles,  22  cents ;  over  450  miles,  25  cents.  ' '  i\jid  every 
double  letter  shall  pay  double  the  said  rates;  every 
triple  letter,  triple;  ever}'  packet  weighing  one  oimce 
avoirdupois,  to  pay  at  the  rate  of  four  single  letters  for 

^  "No  letters  from  the  northward  or  eastward  of  this,  bearing 
dale  between  the  l.'ith  and  301h  of  May,  have  come  to  my  bands; 
and  having  abundant  evidence,  before  I  reached  Charleston,  of  the 
slow  movement  of  the  mail,  through  the  three  southernmost  states, 
I  did,  before  I  left  that  place,  on  the  9th  of  that  month,  direct  that 
all  letters  which  might  be  for  and  following  me,  be  relumed  to 
Fredericksburg,  as  the  first  place  I  should  touch  the  jmst  line  upon 
my  return.  But,  these  directions  not  arriving  in  Richmond  in 
time,  as  I  conjecture,  the  letters  of  that  interval  agreeably  to  the 
superscriptions,  which  I  am  informed  were  on  them,  were  forwarded 
from  that  place  to  Taylor's  Ferry  in  expectation  of  meeting  me  there. 
But  to  this  circumstance,  whicfi  was  unknown  to  me,  and  to  finding 
from  better  information  than  I  set  out  with,  that  it  would  be  more 
convenient  to  cross  James  river  higher  up  than  at  Taylor's,  is  to  be 
ascribed  my  missing  the  communications,  which  were  made  be- 
tween the  \'i\\i  and  30th  of  May,  as  mentioned  before.  These 
dispatches  I  may  be  long  without,  and  perhaps  never  get ;  for  there 
are  no  cross  posts  in  those  parts,  and  the  letters,  which  will  have  to 
pass  through  manv  hands,  may  find  some  who  are  not  deficient  iu 
curiosity." — The  \Vrilings  of  George  Washington,  Vol.  XII,  page  45, 


POST  OFFICES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1790. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


25 


each  ounce,  and  in  that  proportion  for  any  greater 
weight." 

The  rate  on  newspapers  was  fixed  at  one  cent  for 
carriage  under  100  miles,  and  one  and  one-half  cents 
for  a  greater  distance.  But  every  printer  of  news- 
papers was  allowed  to  send  one  paper  free  to  each  and 
every  other  printer  of  newspapers  witiiin  the  United 
States,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  the  Postmaster- 
General  should  provide.  These  rates  continued  until 
1S16.  The  franking  privilege  at  this  time  was  quite 
extensive,  and  undoubtedly  made  serious  inroads  upon 
the  revenue. 

Postage  could  not  be  paid  in  paper  currency;  specie 
alone  was  receivable.  As  the  coins  in  the  different 
states  varied,  tiic  payment  was  attended  with  some 
confusion.  The  Postmaster-General,  in  his  report  to 
Congress  in  1790,  states  that  "  the  postage  on  a  single 
letter  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia  is  one  penny- 
weight eight  grains,  or  sixpence  two-thirds  Penns\'l- 
vania  currency.  This  can  not  be  made  out  in  any 
pieces  of  coin  current  in  the  United  States.  The 
letters  are  charged  with  seven  pence,  which  is  right;  for 
if  there  must  be  a  fraction,  it  ougiit  always  to  be  taken 
in  favor  of  the  post  office."  He  further  stated  that 
the  postage  on  letters  probably  averaged  about  fifteen 
cents. 

The  75  post  offices  which  had  been  established  up 
to  1790  were  distributed  as  follows: 

Maine. — Wiscasset,  Portland. 

New  Hampshire. — Portsmouth. 

MassachiiselU. — Newburyport,  Ipswich,  Salem,  Boston,  Worces- 
ter, Springfield. 

Rhode  Island. — Providence,  Newport,  East  Greenwich,  South 
Kingstown. 

Connecticut. — Hartford,  Middletown,  New  Haven,  Stratford, 
Fairfield,  Norwalk,  Stamford,  New  London,  Norwich. 

Nciv   York. — New  York. 

New  Jersey. — Newark,  Elizabeth  town,  Brunswick,  Princeton, 
Trenton. 

Pennsylvania. — Bristol,  Philadelphia,  Chester,  Lancaster,  York- 
town,  Carlisle,  Shippensburg,  Chambersburg,  Bedford,  Pittsburg. 

Delaware. — Wilmington,  Duck  Creek,  Dover. 

Maryland. — Elkton,  Charlestown,  Havre  de  Grace,  Harford,  Bal- 
timore, Bladensburg,  Georgetown,  Warwick,  Georgetown  Cross 
Roads,  Chestertown,  Chester  Mills,  Easton. 

Virginia. — Alexandria,  Colchester,  Dumfries,  Fredericksburg, 
Bowling  Green,  Hanover  Court  House,  Kichmond,  Petersburg, 
Cabinpoint,  Smithfield,  Suffolk,  Williamsburg,  Yorktown,  Hamp- 
ton, Norfolk. 

North  Carolina. — Edenton,  Washington,  Newbern,  Wilmington. 

South  Carolina. — Georgetown,  Charleston. 

Georgia. — Savannah. 

It  appears  from  this  analysis  that  the  state  of  Ver- 
mont, the  district  of  Kentucky,  and  the  Southwest 
Territory  (Tennessee)  possessed  no  postal  facilities 
whatever;  and  that  three  states,  including  the  promi- 
nent state  of  New  York,  had  but  one  post  office  each. 
It  is  evident,  however,  that  the  postal  conditions  at 
the  date  of  the  First  Census  were  generally  regarded  as 
inadequate  and  imsuited  to  the  requirements  of  the 
country.     The  act  of  1792,  which  was  an  attempt  to 


effect  a  material  improvement  in  the  postal  conditions, 
resulted  in  the  prompt  increase  in  the  number  of  post 
offices.  The  number  reported  by  the  Post  Office 
Department  in  1796  was  503. 

Analysis  of  the  geographic  location  of  the  post  offices  in  existence  in 

1790. 


United  SUtes.. 
N'ew  England  states. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

\'crrnont 

.Ma-ssachusetts 

lihode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania.. 
Delaware 


Southern  states. 


Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginja 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Kentucky 

Southwest  Territory. 


75 


19 

1 

S 
10 
3 

34 

12 

15 

4 
2 
1 


It  will  be  observed  that  in  1790  just  about  half  of 
the  post  offices  were  situated  in  the  Southern  states. 
An  analysis  of  the  larger  number  reported  in  1796 
shows  a  similar  proportion,  suggesting  an  apparent 
desire  on  the  part  of  the  Federal  Government  to  main- 
tain equal  postal  facilities  in  the  various  sections  of 
the  Republic. 

INDUSTRIES. 

During  the  period  of  constitutional  government  in 
the  United  States  the  inhabitants  of  the  Republic 
have  derived  their  support,  and  individuals  tiiid  com- 
munities have  accumulated  wealth,  principally  from 
three  main  classes  of  industries — agriculture,  manu- 
factures, and  mining.  To  these  should  be  added  the 
fisheries,  and  also  commerce — both  interstate  and 
foreign ;  the  last-named  class,  however,  depends  largely 
upon  the  products  of  the  other  callings. 

The  conditions  which  prevailed  in  1790  in  connec- 
tion with  each  of  these  great  industries  were  the  be- 
ginnings of  the  operations  which,  steadily  increasing 
in  magnitude  during  the  nineteenth  centurj^  have 
attained  proportions  that  have  attracted  the  attention 
and  admiration  of  other  nations. 

Problems  which  were  confronted  at  that  period  in 
connection  with  marketing  foodstuffs  and  merchan- 
dise were  entirely  different  from  those  which  prevailed 
after  the  lapse  of  a  few  decades.  In  the  interior, 
laborious  journeys  by  horse  or  in  stage  or  wagon, 
along  newly  broken  highways,  formed  the  solo  means 
of  communication  by  land.  Water  transportation  was 
afforded  by  sailing  vessels  making  trips  which  were 
usually  without  schedule  and  almost  alwaj's  uncertain. 
Hence,  each  state  depended  principally  upon  its  own 


26 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


products  not  only  for  food,  but  for  most  of  the  other 
requirements  of  its  communities. 

Merchandise  and  produce  that  could  not  stand  a  freight  charge 
of  $15  per  ton  could  not  be  carried  overland  to  a  consumer  150  miles 
from  the  point  of  production;  as  roads  were,  a  distance  of  50  miles 
h-om  market  often  made  industrial  independence  expedient.  WTiere 
the  produce  of  the  farms  could  not  be  sold,  where  wood  and  lumber 
were  not  marketable,  the  people  had  no  resource  but  to  raise  their 
own  wool  and  flax,  and  spin  and  weave  and  make  their  own  clothing. 
Other  crafts  felt  these  influences,  although  the  working  of  wood  and 
metals  and  leather  fell  to  skilled  artisans  in  the  villages  rather  than 
to  the  household.  The  local  store  had  a  small  traflic  in  articles  that 
could  not  be  produced,  and  in  luxuries.  Salt  fish  was  widely  dis- 
tributed; rum  went  everywhere;  salt  was  a  universal  necessity; 
tools  and  utensils  and  furniture  were  imported;  a  few  articles  of 
dress  carried  the  style  of  the  city  to  the  hamlet,  so  insignificant 
was  the  traffic  uniting  the  country  town  to  the  great  world.' 

In  all  callings  the  changes  which  have  been  in  prog- 
ress from  1790  to  1900  have  been  in  the  direction  of 
the  utihzation  of  the  services  of  others  and  the  em- 
ployment of  labor  saving  machinery  to  incfease  prod- 
uct and  the  profit  of  the  employer.  These  changes 
have  been  particularly  marked  in  connection  with 
manufacturing  and  mining  enterprises.  In  commerce — 
a  calling  in  which  the  services  of  others  were  freely 
employed  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century — the 
change  in  this  particidar  has  been  much  less  pro- 
nounced. 

Although  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  has 
assumed  enormous  proportions  during  the  century  or 
more  which  has  elapsed  since  1790,  the  greatest  de- 
velopment of  the  nation  has  been  in  the  three  main 
classes  of  occupations — agriculture,  manufactures,  and 
mining.  In  fact,  analysis  of  the  population  statis- 
tics of  the  United  States  in  1900  shows  that  of  the 
30,000,000  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occupations, 
approximately  20,100,000,  or  67  per  cent,  claimed 
some  connection  with  one  of  these  three  classes. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  tliere  are  no  industrial  statis- 
tics for  1790.  It  is  possible,  however,  to  sketch  with 
some  degree  of  accuracy  the  relative  importance  to  the 
community  of  each  of  the  industries  mentioned  as  a 
source  of  subsistence  and  wealth. 

Agriculture. — The  economic  conditions  wliich  pre- 
vailed in  1790  present  a  marked  contrast  with  those 
which  have  developed  since  and  wliich  prevailed  univer- 
sally in  1900.  In  1900  the  proportion  of  those  engaged 
in  agriculture  was  ordy  about  one-tliird  of  all  persons 
gainfully  employed.  At  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century  the  greater  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
United  States  derived  their  support  from  this  industry. 
It  is  probable  that  nine  out  of  every  ten  breadwinners 
were  engaged  in  some  form  of  agriculture  during  the 
greater  part  of  the  year;  indeed,  in  the  Southern  states 
the  proportion  was  somewhat  larger. 

Horses,  cattle,  and  swine,  in  numbers  proportionate 
to  the  needs  of  the  population,  were  raised  in  every 

'Wilbert  Lee  Anderson:  The  Country  Town,  page  20. 


State.  Sheep  were  raised  principally  in  the  New  Eng- 
land and  Middle  states.  The  principal  wheat  pro- 
ducing state  was  Pennsylvania.  The  staple  crop  of 
Maryland,  Virginia,  and  North  CaroUna  was  tobacco, 
and  that  of  South  Carohna  was  rice.  Cotton  was 
but  little  cultivated.  Some  hemp  and  flax  were 
raised  in  the  New  England  and  Middle  states. 

The  more  thrifty  and  capable  citizens  engaged  in 
agriculture  in  1790  were  doubtless  obtaining  a  modest 
return,  but  it  is  unhkely  that  any  large  fortunes  were 
being  amassed  from  distinctly  agricultural  operations. 
In  the  South,  it  is  true,  some  planters  owned  very  large 
plantations  and  large  numbers  of  slaves;  but  it  is 
probable  that  few  individuals  had  acquired  great 
wealth.  In  the  North  slave  labor  was  unprofitable 
for  numerous  reasons;  thus  it  came  about  that  in  the 
Northern  states  nearly  every  farmer  tilled  liis  own  land, 
and,  not  being  able  to  secure  labor  when  he  wanted 
it,  was  unable  to  accumulate  wealth  by  utihzing  sys- 
tematically the  services  of  others. 

Manufactures. — During  the  Colonial  period  the 
mother  country  had  discouraged  the  ambitions  of 
the  colonists  in  the  direction  of  manufactures.  At 
that  time  Great  Britain  was  upon  the  threshold  of  the 
extraordinary  industrial  activity  which  developed  dur- 
ing the  nineteenth  century;  it  was  obviously  to  her 
advantage  to  prevent  the  colonies  from  securing  inde- 
pendence in  manufactures,  in  order  to  maintain  and 
extend  the  market  for  her  own  products.  During  the 
Kevolution  this  source  of  supply  was  suddenly  cut  off, 
and  under  the  pressure  of  necessity  many  manufac- 
turing enterprises  sprang  up  in  the  rebelhous  colonies. 
Upon  the  conclusion  of  peace  in  1783,  however,  the 
EngUsh  manufacturers  flooded  the  American  market 
with  their  manufactured  products.  Tliis  state  of. 
affairs  for  a  time  embarrassed  and  discouraged  native 
manufacturers. 

At  the  period  under  consideration  manufactures  in 
the  United  States  consisted  almost  entirely  of  neigh- 
borhood industries,  or  hand  trades.  The  modern 
factory  system,  involving  division  of  labor  and  the 
employment  of  labor  saving  macliinery,  was  prac- 
tically unknown.  In  several  of  the  shoe  shops  of 
Lynn  and  other  New  England  cities,  some  division  of  , 
labor  had  been  introduced,  but  for  the  most  part  each  I 
workman  made  an  entire  shoe.  Practically  the  same 
conditions  obtained  in  other  branches  of  manufacture. 

In  January,  1790,  when  President  Washington  de- 
hvered  his  first  annual  message  to  Congress,  he  was 
clad  in  a  suit  made  of  broadcloth  woven  at  Hartford, 
Conn.  In  this  message  the  subject  of  the  promotion 
of  manufactures  in  the  young  Repubhc  was  com- 
mended to  the  attention  of  Congress,  and  in  pursuance 
of  tliis  suggestion  Congress  requested  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  to  prepare  a  report  upon  the  state  of 
manufacturing  industries,  in  order  to  render  the  United 
States  industrially  independent  of  other  nations,  so 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IX  1790. 


27 


far  as  practicable.  In  accordance  ^vith  this  request 
Alexander  Hamilton,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  the 
following  year  (1791)  submitted  to  Congress  a  report 
which  added  materially  to  his  reputation  as  a  states- 
man. This  report  was  twice  reprinted  by  order  of 
Congress. 

Already  the  ingenuity  of  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States  had  created,  here  and  there  in  the  New  England 
and  Middle  states,  infant  industries  which  subsequently 
developed  far  beyond  the  dreams  of  that  period. 
Indeed,  the  number  of  specific  industries  noted  as  in 
existence  in  1790  was  more  than  double  the  number  of 
those  which  were  known  to  have  existed  prior  to  the 
Revolution. 

ilr.  Tench  Coxe,  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  estimated  the  value  of  manufactures  in  the 
United  States  in  1790  at  more  than  .$20,000,000. 
Three  years  later  he  reported  that  the  value  of  manu- 
factures was,  in  his  opinion,  double  the  value  of  the 
exports  of  native  commodities,  and  much  greater  than 
the  value  of  all  imports.' 

A  large  proportion  of  the  manufactured  goods  in- 
cluded by  Secretary  Hamilton  and  Mr.  Coxe  was  pro- 
duced in  households.  In  many  villages  and  upon 
farms,  during  periods  of  the  year  in  which  their  services 
were  not  actively  required  in  agricultural  pursuits,  en- 
tire families  devoted  their  time  to  spinning,  weaving, 
and  making  up  coarse  cloths.  It  was  estimated  that  in 
many  locaHties  from  two-thirds  to  four-fiftlis  of  the 
clothing  of  the  inhabitants  was  made  by  themselves. 
The  primary  demand  for  such  products  was  of  course 
domestic,  but  a  large  surplus  found  its  way  into  the 
markets. 

The  textile  industry  had  made  but  a  small  beginning 
in  1790.  Because  of  competition  with  the  factory 
product  of  England,  where  the  making  of  textiles  had 
already  reached  a  high  degree  of  perfection,  the  prog- 
ress of  the  manufacturers  in  the  young  Republic  was 
slow  and  discouraging.  A  cotton  mill  was  established 
at  Beverly,  Mass.,  in  1787,  but  did  not  long  survive. 
In  Rhode  Island,  however,  Samuel  Slater,  who  had 
emigrated  from  England,  constructed  at  Pawtucket  a 
factory  with  macliinery  on  the  English  plan.  This  es- 
tablishment was  a  success  from  the  outset,  and  formed 
the  first  successful  cotton  mill  in  the  United  States. 
Thereafter  the  growth  of  textile  industries  was  steadily 
away  from  household  toward  factory  product. 

In  1790  the  shipbuilding  industry  had  attained  con- 
siderable proportions.  The  success  of  this  industry 
was,  in  large  measure,  due  to  the  facilities  for  the  con- 
struction of  vessels  and  ships  of  all  sizes,  resulting  from 
excellent  harbors,  with  timber  growing  to  the  water's 
edge.  Mr.  Coxe  observed  in  179.3  that  the  shipbuilding 
industry  in  the  United  States  had  growTi  more  rapidly 
in  1792  than  in  any  prior  j'ear  since  the  settlement  of 
the  country.    Generally  speaking,  shipbuilding   had 

'  First  Century  of  the  Republic  (Harper'a),  page  161. 


never  been  better  understood  and  had  never  been 
carried  to  greater  perfection,  than  at  that  period  and 
in  the  early  decades  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

Manufactures  of  iron,  also,  were  of  considerable  im- 
portance. In  1790  this  industry  centered  in  the  Mid- 
dle states  and  Virginia,  though  considerable  quantities 
of  manufactured  iron  were  produced  in  Massachusetts, 
where  in  1784  there  were  70  iron  works — most  of  which, 
however,  were  small.  In  a  debate  in  the  House  of 
Representati%es  in  the  First  Congress,  while  a  tariff 
upon  spikes,  nails,  etc.,  was  under  consideration,  Rep- 
resentative Ames,  of  Massachusetts,  said :  "This  manu- 
facture, with  very  little  encouragement,  has  grown  up 
remarkably.  It  has  become  common  for  the  country 
people  in  Massachusetts  to  erect  small  forges  in  their 
chimney  comers,  and  in  winter,  and  on  evenings  when 
little  other  work  can  be  done,  great  quantities  of  nails 
are  made,  even  by  chiklren.  These  people  take  the 
rod  iron  of  the  merchant  and  return  him  the  nails,  and 
in  consequence  of  this  easy  mode  of  barter  the  manu- 
facture is  prodigiously  great.  These  advantages  are 
not  exclusively  in  the  hands  of  the  people  of  Massa- 
chusetts. The  business  might  be  prosecuteil  in  a  simi- 
lar manner  in  every  state  exerting  equal  industry." 

Paper  making  was  pursued  extensively  in  several  of 
the  states.  In  1790  there  were  53  paper  mills  witlun 
range  of  the  Philadelphia  market.  In  the  First  Con- 
gress it  was  stated  in  debate  that  the  paper  mills  of 
Pennsylvania  produced  annually  70,000  reams  of  vari- 
ous kinds  of  paper,  which  competed  favorably  ^^•ith 
the  imported  product. 

Glass  was  manufactured  in  consiilerable  quantities 
in  several  of  the  states,  among  wliich  Virginia  was 
prominent.  The  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes,  the 
curing  and  dressing  of  fish,  the  production  of  soap,  of 
tobacco  products,  and  of  various  articles  of  necessity, 
utility,  or  comfort  were  well  under  way.  But  at  that 
period  little  or  nothing  was  manufactured  in  the 
United  States  solely  for  luxury  or  elegance. 

Mining. — At  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century  the 
mineral  resources  of  the  United  States,  as  thej*  are 
known  to-day  and  have  been  known  for  many  years, 
were  practically  unsuspected.  Probably  no  section  of 
tlie  continent  is  richer  in  mineral  resources  than  that 
including  Pennsylvania,  West  Mrginia,  and  portions 
of  contiguous  states;  yet  the  inhabitants  of  the  United 
States  in  1790  had  no  loiowledge  of  the  great  natural 
wealth  of  these  areas.  The  existence  of  petroleum  in 
Pennsylvania  and  of  extensive  deposits  of  coal  and  iron 
in  that  state  and  in  Virginia  was  kno^vn,  and  iron 
works  were  numerous  in  many  states ;  but  little  of  the 
coal  was  mined,  and  the  use  and  value  of  petroleum 
were  unknowTi. 

This  ignorance  concerning  the  mineral  resources  of 
the  country,  however;  is  not  surprising;  the  territory 
containing  the  greatest  mineral  wealth  was  either 
thinly  settled  or  an  unexplored  wilderness.  Nor  is  it 
siu-prising  that  the  mineral  resources  known  to  exist 


28 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


were  not  developed.  Mining  operations  as  understood 
to-day  were  unkno\\Ti,and  the  mining  and  treatment  of 
ores  was  conducted  in  the  most  primitive  fashion.  The 
steam  engine  had  not  yet  become  the  servant  of  the 
miner,  either  at  the  mine  or  upon  rails.  Indeed,  the 
cost  of  transportation  was  so  great  that  mining  was 
improfitahle  unless  conducted  near  large  cities  or 
waterways. 

Coal  was  consumed  in  the  United  States  in  very 
small  quantities.  Ignorant  of  the  vast  stores  of  this 
mineral  which  underlie  entire  counties,  those  who  re- 
quired coal  imported  it.  The  quantity  brought  into 
the  coimtry  during  the  year  ending  September  .30, 1790, 
was  183,677  bushels.  But  bituminous  coal  was  being 
mined  at  Spottsylvania,  in  the  Richmond  basin,  in  Vir-' 
srinia,  and  bv  17S9  some  of  this  found  its  wav  into  the 
northern  markets;  in  1789  Virginia  coal  sold  in  Phila- 
delphia at  Is.  6d.  a  bushel.  Bituminous  coal  was 
mined,  or  rather  shoveled,  from  the  earth,  also,  in  the 
Pittsburg  district  in  Pennsylvania;  but  none  of  this 
found  its  way  across  the  mountains.  Seams  of  anthra- 
cite had  been  discovered  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Plymouth, 
Kingston,  and  Exeter,  in  Luzerne  county,  and  at  sev- 
eral places  in  Schuylkill  county.  Pa.,  and  along  the 
Hudson  river,  in  New  York.  Some  smiths  are  said  to 
have  used  this  material  in  their  forges,  but  the  value 
of  anthracite  as  a  fuel  was  practically  unknown.'  A 
newspaper  of  the  time  stated  that  these  seams  might 
some  day  become  valuable  on  accovmt  of  the  possible 
existence  of  fossils  embedded  in  them. 

Iron  ore  was  mined  in  the  American  colonies  as 
early  as  the  seventeenth  century.  Practically  all  of  the 
American  product  was  made  with  charcoal.  In  1790 
the  production  of  iron  in  this  country  appeared  to  be 
fully  equal  to  the  consumption.  The  exports  of  pig 
iron  in  that  year  amounted  to  3,555  tons. 

Iron  was  mined  in  nearly  every  state.  Bog  and 
pond  ores  were  obtained  in  eastern  Massachusetts; 
rich  iron  ore  was  minetl  at  Cumberland  Hill,  R.  I.,  at 
Lime  Rock  and  other  places  in  Connecticut,  in  Orange 
county,  N.  Y.,  and  in  many  places  in  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia. 

Morris  county,  N.  J.,  was  particularly  prominent  in 
the  production  of  iron.  Mr.  J.  M.  Swank  quotes  from 
Jedediah  Morse  the  following  record  of  iron  enterprises 
which  were  in  existence  in  New  Jersey  between  1790 
and  1795: 

The  iron  manufactories  are,  of  all  others,  the  greatest  source  of 
wealth  to  the  state.  Iron  works  are  erected  in  Gloucester,  Bur- 
lington, Morris,  and  other  counties.  The  mountains  in  the  county 
of  Morris  give  rise  to  a  number  of  streams  necessary  and  convenient 
for  these  works,  and  at  the  same  time  furnish  a  copious  supply  of 
wood  and  ore  of  a  superior  quality.  In  this  county  alone  are  no  less 
than  seven  rich  iron  mines,  from  which  might  be  taken  ore  suffi- 


■  "In  1812 Col.  George  Shoemaker,  of  Pottsville,  Pa.,  loaded  nine 
wagons  with  coal  from  his  mines  at  Centreville  and  hauled  it  to 
Philadelphia,  where  with  great  difficulty  he  sold  two  loads  at  the 
cost  of  transportation  and  gave  the  other  seven  loads  away.  He  was 
by  many  regarded  as  an  impostor  for  attempting  to  sell  stone  as 
coal." — /.  M.  Swank:  Iron  tn  All  Ages,  page  474. 


cient  to  supply  the  United  States;  and  to  work  it  into  iron,  are  two 
furnaces,  two  rolling  and  slitting  mills,  and  about  thirty  forges, 
containing  from  two  to  four  fires  each.  These  works  produce  annu- 
ally about  540  tons  of  bar  iron,  800  tons  of  pigs,  besides  large  quan- 
tities of  hollow  ware,  sheet  iron,  and  nail  rods.  In  the  whole  state 
it  is  supposed  there  is  yearly  made  about  1,200  tons  of  bar  iron,  1,200 
ditto  of  pigs,  80  ditto  of  nail  rods,  exclusive  of  hollow  ware  and  va- 
rious other  castings,  of  which  vast  quantities  are  made.  Steel  was 
manufactured  at  Trenton  in  time  of  the  war,  but  not  considerably 
since. - 

In  Pennsylvania  rich  deposits  of  iron  were  known 
to  exist  in  at  least  11  of  the  22  counties,  and  consider- 
able quantities  of  pig  iron  were  produced  in  Berks, 
Chester,  Dauphin,  Franklin,  Lancaster,  Mifflin,  and 
Washington  counties. 

In  "Notes  on  the  State  of  Virginia,"  written  in  1781 
and  1782,  Thomas  Jeflferson  mentioned  several  iron 
mines  on  the  south  side  of  the  James  river  and  at  other 
places  in  the  state,  and  estimated  the  annual  output 
of  the  mines  of  that  state  at  approximately  5,000  tons. 

Lead  was  found  in  Herkimer  county,  N.  Y.,  and  in 
the  moimtains  of  Virginia,  but  the  quantity  produced 
was  small.  The  area  wliich  is  now  southwestern  Mis- 
souri, but  which  in  1790  was  not  a  part  of  the  United 
States,  contained  lead  mines  of  considerable  impor- 
tance at  that  period ;  from  about  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century  to  the  year  1800  the  output  of  these 
mines  is  said  to  have  aggregated  8,000  tons. 

Several  attempts  had  been  made  to  mine  gold,  sil- 
ver, and  copper  in  different  states;  but  for  the  most 
part  they  were  financial  failures  and  were  soon  aban- 
doned. Copper  mines  in  Connecticut,  New  Jersey, 
and  Maryland  had  been  worked  intermittently  during 
the  eighteenth  century;  but  none  were  in  operation 
in  1790,  with  the  possible  exception  of  one  at  Belle- 
ville, N.  J. 

Montgomery  county,  N.  Y.,  supplied  small  amounts 
of  sulphur,  and  caves  of  Virginia  considerable  quan- 
tities of  saltpeter. 

Fisheries.— In  1790  the  United  States  had  539  ves- 
sels and  3,287  seamen  engaged  in  the  cod  fishery,  all 
in  Massachusetts — Marblehead  and  Gloucester  being 
the  leading  towns  in  this  industry. 

The  whaling  industry,  also,  was  confined  almost  en- 
tirely to  Massachusetts.  Whaling  operations  were 
carried  on  principally  in  the  waters  of  the  North  At- 
lantic, as  far  as  Greenland.  The  sperm  whale  of  the 
South  Atlantic  was  but  little  hunted  at  this  period. 
It  was  not,  indeed,  imtil  a  few  j^ears  later  that  the 
whaling  industry  assumed  large  proportions. 

Only  about  40  whaling  vessels  were  fitted  out  each 
year,  most  of  them  from  Dartmouth  (which  then  in- 
cluded New  Bedford),  Wellflcet  and  other  Cape  Cod 
ports,  and  Nantucket.  Probably  less  than  1,000  sea- 
men were  employed;  but  the  industry  gave  rise  to 
dependent  industries,  which  afforded  employment  to 
a  considerable  number  in  addition. 

-J.  M.  Swank,  Iron  in  All  Ages,  page  162. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


29 


The  cod  and  whale  fisheries  represented  almost  the 
whole  fishing  industry  in  1790,  though  herring  were 
caught  on  the  New  England  coast,  and  oysters  were 
gathered  in  the  South  for  local  consumption. 

The  total  tonnage  of  the  fishing  vessels  of  each  state 
is  given  in  Table  5,  on  page  30. 

Commerce. — Attention  has  already  been  called  to  the 
fact  that  by  1790  the  shipbuilding  industry  had 
attained  considerable  proportions  in  the  United  States. 
At  first  the  ships  constructed  wore  disposed  of  in 
England.  In  time,  however,  the  colonies  awoke  to 
the  possibilities  of  profitable  trade,  and  a  maritime 
class  arose,  bringing  about  an  extensive  interchange 
of  products  between  the  inhabitants  of  North  America 
and  those  of  other  lands. 

In  1790  commerce  offered  the  most  promising  field 
for  the  profitable  investment  of  capital,  and  was  the 
chief  outlet  for  business  ability  and  capacity.  It  also 
affordeil  the  ])rincipal  opportunity  for  the  accumu- 
lation of  great  indivndual  wealth.  John  Jacob  Astor 
had  already  acquired,  in  the  fur  trade,  a  fortune 
(amounting  to  81,000,000)  of  great  magnitude  for 
that  period.  In  all  the  large  seaboard  towns  were  to 
be  found  merchants  who  owned  vessels  plying  to 
foreign  ports.  In  these  ships  they  transported  mer- 
chandise, either  on  their  own  account  or  on  that  of 
others.  Many  of  the  merchants  in  Boston,  New 
York,  and  Philadelphia  had  amassed  fortunes  which 
enabled  them  to  live  in  a  style  of  luxury  and  elegance ; 
John  Hancock,  of  Boston,  and  Stephen  Girard,  of 
Philadelphia,  were  examples  of  this  class  of  citizens. 

The  prosperity  of  the  mercantile  and  commercial  in- 
terests of  the  colonies  had  not  been  viewed  with  favor 
in  England.  Many  restrictions  were  placed  by  the 
British  Government  upon  the  commerce  of  the  col- 
onies. But  in  the  face  of  these  restrictions — many  of 
which  were  often  disregarded — the  colonies  had  suc- 
ceeded in  maintaining  a  considerable  commerce  up  to 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  This  con- 
test brought  disaster  to  the  commercial  interests  of  the 
country,  especially  to  the  commercial  state  of  Rhode 
Island  and  to  many  ports  in  other  New  England  states. 
After  tiie  conclusion  of  peace,  the  volume  of  commerce 
grew  rapidly,  but  the  centers  of  commercial  prosperity 
did  not  continue  the  same  as  thej^  were  before  the  war. 

By  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century  the  com- 
merce of  the  young  Republic  had  greatly  increased. 
American  vessels  had  pushed  to  the  Orient  and  to  the 
coasts  of  Africa,  and  had  established  a  profitable  trade 
with  tho.se  regions. 

The  following  extract  affords  an  idea  of  the  com- 
mercial activities  of  the  time: 

Our  public  papers  vaunt  the  magnificence  of  the  European 
nations,  who  make  discoveries  and  voyages  round  the  world;  the 
Americans  do  the  same  thing;  but  they  boast  not  of  their  exploits 
with  80  much  emphasis.     In  September,  1790,  the  ship  Columbia, 


Captain  Gray,  sailed  to  discover  the  northwest  of  this  continent; 
this  is  his  second  voyage  round  the  world;  the  brig  Hope  has  sailed 
for  the  same  object.  Our  papers  have  resounded  with  the  quarrels 
of  the  English  and  Spaniards  for  the  commerce  of  Nootka  Sound. 
The  Americans  make  no  quarrels;  but  they  have  already  made  a 
considerable  commerce  on  the  same  coast  in  furs  and  peltry.  They 
were  there  trading  in  the  year  1789,  in  good  intelligence  with  both 
parties.  In  the  same  year  no  less  than  forty-four  vciwels  were  sent 
from  the  single  town  of  Boston  to  the  northwest  of  .\nierifa,  to  India, 
and  to  China.  They  bound  not  their  hopes  here;  they  expect,  one 
day,  to  open  a  communication  more  direct  to  Nootka  Sound.  It  is 
probable  that  this  place  is  not  far  from  the  headwater  of  the  Missis- 
sippi; which  the  Americans  will  soon  navigate  to  its  source,  when 
they  shall  begin  to  people  Louisiana  and  the  interior  of  New 
Mexico.' 

According  to  American  State  Papers,  the  imports 
into  and  exports  from  the  United  States  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  September  30,  1790,  were  each  valued  at 
a  little  over  §20,000,000,  or  about  85  per  capita.  Ex- 
ports to  the  value  of  .Sr),«!S8,97S.50  were  sent  to  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland;  to  the  value  of  82,077,757.50,  to 
the  British  West  Indies ;  and  to  the  value  of  $3,284,656, 
to  the  French  West  Indies. 

The  principal  imports  into  the  country  subject  to 
dutj'^  during  the  same  period,  in  order  of  value,  were 
distilled  spirits,  wines,  molasses,  sugar,  cofi'ee,  tea, 
salt,  nails  and  spikes,  steel  (unwrought),  candles, 
cheese,  and  soap. 

The  principal  articles  of  export  for  that  year,  ar- 
ranged according  to  value,  were  Hour,  tobacco,  rice, 
wheat,  corn,  dried  fish,  potash,  indigo,  staves  and 
heading,  horses,  meal,  beef,  and  boards. 

The  changes  in  the  value  of  ftireign  commerce  be- 
tween 1790  and  1907  are  indicated  in  the  following 
table: 


IMPORTS. 

EXPORTS. 

YEAR. 

Total. 

Per 
capita. 

Total. 

Per 
capita. 

1790'             

»$20.000.000 
1,434,«1,425 

»5.09 
1G.S5 

>$20.205,!56 

1,880.851,078 

tS.  14 

1907 

21.60 

'  August.  1789.  to  Soplemher  30, 1790. 

•  The  value  of  Imports  subject  to  ad  valorem  duties  was  $15,388,409.11.  The 
American  Stale  Papers  do  not  plve  the  value  of  those  which  were  subject  to  specific 
duties  and  those  wliich  were  free,  but  responsible  historians  have  stated  that  the 
value  of  the  total  iniporls  for  1790  w;is  sliRhtly  in  e.wess  of  t20.000.0e0. 

•  Tench  Coxe,  the  Assisiant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under  Washington,  Id 
making  his  report  on  the  value  of  the  exports  for  the  fiscal  year  1790,  says:  "In 
addition  to  tlie  foregoing,  a  consideral>ie  numljer  of  pacliages'have  been  exported 
from  the  United  States,  the  value  of  which,  being  omitted  in  the  returns  from  the 
custom-houses,  couid  not  be  introduced  into  this  abstract." 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  changes  in  per  capita 
averages  in  a  century  amounted  to  a  threefoUl  increase 
in  imports  and  more  than  a  fourfold  increase  in 
exports. 

The  following  data  as  to  the  tonnage  of  .American 
and  foreign  vessels  entering  the  ports  of  the  United 
States  in  1790  are  taken  from  Burnaby's  Travels:* 

'M.  de  VVarville,  Travels  in  North  America,  1791. 
^  Bi'rnaby's  Travels  through  North  Americja,  third  edition,  Ap- 
pendix No.  2. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


30 

T.BiE  5  -TONNAGE  OP  VESSELS  WHICH   ENTERED   THE   PORTS   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES   DURING  THE  YEAR 

ENDING  SEPTEMBER  30,  1790,  BY  STATE  OF  ENTRY. 


United  States. 


New  Hampshire. 
Massac  liusetts... 
Rhode  Island'... 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 


Principal  ports. 


Portsmouth 

Boston,  Salem 

Newport 

New  Haven,  New  London. 
New  York 


Philadelphia. 


Baltimore. 


Virpnia Norfolk.  .Alexandria 

XTrtrfh  r'Qr/^IinQ2  Wilmington.  Npwbp 


North  Carolina 
South  Carolina' 
Georgia 


Wilmington,  Newbern. 

Charleston 

Savannah 


TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS  B  ELONGING  TO— 


766,091 


17,011 

197,368 

9,842 

33, 173 

92,114 

5,861 

109,918 

5,924 

88.255 

103,893 

35, 126 

40. 361 

27,245 


United  States. 


Total. 


502,526 


13,519 
177,022 

9.526 
30,617 
48, 274 

5.614 
66, 997 

4,142 
55,431 
43.529 
29,941 
17.380 
10, 634 


Vessels  in 

the  over-sea 

trade. 


Coasting 

vessels  of 

over  20  tons. 


363,093 

11, 376 

99, 123 

7,062 
24,287 
42, 071 

2,085 
50, 942 

2,681 
39.272 
33, 500 
24,218 
10.872 

9,544 


113,181 


Fishing 
vessels. 


26,252 

473 

24,826 

838 


United 
States 
with  some 
foreign 
country. 


Foreign  countries. 


Total. 


202, 914 


3,492 

20, 346 

316 

2,556 

43,840 

347 

52,270 

1,782 
32,824 
60.364 

5,185 
22, 981 
16,611 


Great 

Britain  and 

Ireland 


225,495 


3,459 

19,493 

96 

2,556 

36, 917 

267 

42,604 

1,782 
23, 340 
56,273 

4,942 
18,725 
15,041 


All  other. 


37,419 


33 
853 
220 


6,923 

80 

9,666 


9,484 
4,091 
243 
4,256 
1,570 


1  Returns  from  June  21, 1790. 

-  Returns  from  March  11, 1790. 

'  Returns  for  Charleston  are  for  three-fourths  of  the  year  only. 


The  ports  of  Massachusetts  show  a  larger  total 
tonnage  and  also  a  larger  tonnage  of  linited  States 
vessels  (both  over-sea  and  coastwise)  than  those  of 
any  other  state;  and  to  this  large  proportion  should 
be  added  nearly  all  the  vessels  engaged  in  the  fisheries. 

The  countries  owning  the  foreign  vessels  for  which 
the  tonnage  is  included  in  Table  5,  and  the  tonnage 
brought  in  the  vessels  of  the  different  countries, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  their  importance,  were  as 
follows : 


All  foreign  countries 

Great  Britain 

Ireland 

France 

Netherlands 

Spain 

Portugal 

Denmark 

Germany 

Prussia 

Sweden 


Total 
tonnage. 


262,914 


222, 347 

3,148 

13,  435 

8,815 

8,551 

2,925 

1,619 

1,369 

394 

311 


Most  of  the  imports  and  exports  were  landed  in  or 
sent  from  a  few  ports.  The  most  important  of  these 
were  Salem,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Balti- 
more, and  Charleston.  About  one-fifth  of  the  value 
of  imports  was  landed  in  New  York,  while  about  one- 
third  of  that  of  exports  was  shipped  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Salem  was  the  headquarters  for  the  Pacific  ocean 
and  East  Indian  trade.  More  than  forty  ships  were 
employed  in  this  trade,  principally  from  that  port. 
The  exports  were  ginseng,  shipped  direct  to  China, 
and  beef,  pork,  flour,  and  wheat,  generally  disposed  of 
at  intermediate  ports,  on  the  outward  passage. 

From  Boston  the  principal  articles  of  export  were 
rum,  potash,  pea'rlash,  lumber,  fish,  and  the  products 
of  the   fisheries,    particularly   whale   oil,   whalebone, 


soap,  and  candles.  Rum  was  sent  everywhere,  but 
principally  to  Africa  and  its  islands;  most  of  the 
potash  and  pearlash,  to  Great  Britain;  lumber,  prin- 
cipally to  Great  Britain  and  the  West  Indies;  dried 
and  pickled  fish,  to  the  French  and  Dutch  West 
Indies;  and  whale  oil,  principally  to  France. 

The  shipping  from  Newport,  New  Haven,  and  New 
London  was  carried  on  principally  with  the  West 
Indies,  and  was  not  extensive.  The  exports  were 
lumber,  live  stock,  grain,  and  other  farm  produce. 
From  New  Haven  occasional  cargoes  of  flaxseed  were 
sent  to  Ireland. 

Much  of  the  commerce  of  New  York  was  carried  on 
with  the  West  Indies.  The  princij^al  exports  from 
this  city  were  wheat,  flour,  lumber,  beef,  pork,  and 
live  stock. 

The  exports  from  Philadelphia  exceeded  in  value 
those  from  any  other  port,  largely  because  of  the 
great  quantities  of  flour  and  wheat  exported.  The 
West  Indies  afforded  the  principal  market  for  flour, 
most  of  which  was  carried  in  American  bottoms; 
Great  Britain,  France,  Spain,  and  Portugal  consumed 
the  greater  part  of  that  sent  to  Europe.  Nearly  aU 
of  the  wheat  was  sent  to  Europe.  Other  important 
exports  were  Indian  corn,  meal,  live  stock,  beef,  and 
pork. 

The  chief  exports  from  Baltimore  were  tobacco,  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  flour.  The  tobacco  trade  was 
conducted  principally  by  foreign  agents,  with  European 
capital,  and  largely  in  foreign  shipping;  most  of 
the  tobacco  was  sent  to  Great  Britain  and  Holland. 
Wheat  went  in  large  quantities,  in  foreign  vessels,  to 
Spain  and  Portugal.  Indian  corn  went  chiefly  to 
Portugal,  though  much  of  the  corn  was  sent  in 
American  craft  to  the  Eastern  and  Southern  states. 

Charleston  was  by  far  the  most  important  port  of 
the   South.     The   foreign   commerce  was   large,   and 


I 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


31 


about  three-fifths  of  it  was  carried  in  foreign  vessels. 
From  Charleston  was  sent  nearly  all  the  rice  and  indigo 
exported.  Great  Britain,  Germany,  Holland,  France, 
and  the  West  Indies  took  most  of  tiie  rice,  and  Great 
Britain  and  Holland  nearly  all  the  indigo.  Other 
exports  were  tar,  pilch,  turpentine,  tobacco,  lumber, 
and  cotton. 
The  exports  from  Savannah  were  much  the  same 


as  those  from  Charleston,  and  were  carried  principally 
in  foreign  vessels. 

The  following  table,  from  American  State  Papers, 
shows  whence  the  incoming  tonnage  came.  The  data 
do  not  agree  with  those  showni  in  Table  .5 — Burnaby's 
table  having  been  compiled  later,  and  probably  from 
revised  figures. 


Table  6.— TONNAGE  OF  VESSELS  WHICH  ENTERED  THE  PORTS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  DURING  THE  YEAR' 
ENDING  SEPTEMBER  30,  1790,  CL.\SSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  COUNTRY  BY  WHICH  OWNED  AND  TRADE  IX 
WHICH   EMPLOYED. 


Total 
tonnage. 

TONNAGE  IS  OVER-SEA  TBADE,  FROM  PORTS  rS— 

TONNAGE  or  COASTER.S. 

Tonnage 
of  foreign 

AU 

foreign 
coim  tries. 

Europe 
and  its 
islands.^ 

Asia 

and  its 
islands.' 

Africa 

and  its 
islands.',' 

Foreign  America. 

Total. 

Licensed. 

Un- 
licensed. 

vessels  (in- 
cluded in 
the  fore- 
going) from 
pons  into 
which  ves- 
sels of  the 

United 
States  are 
not  ad- 
mitted. 

OWNED  BY— 

South  of  the 
United  States. 

North 
of  the 
United 
States. 

West         All 
Indies,   j  other. 

726,561 

542,962 

240,485 

4,842 

384 

0K&  7M       A  ttsto 

23,884 

183,599 

113,181 

70,418 

115,428 

Unit<?d  States 

457,  iiiS 

964 

268,129 

287,016 

964 

254,382 

113,203 

964 

126,318 

4,667 

305 

167,400 

•  281 

1,760 

169,852 

113,181 

50,671 

United  States  with  some  foreign  country. . 

Foreign  countries 

175 

79 

101,335 

4,351 

22,124 

13,747 

13,747 

115,428 

United  Kingdom 

229,893 

226,747 

3,146 

13,802 

6,941 

8,772 

2,850 

2,416 

1,948 

394 

311 

802 

220,116 
217,183 
2,933 
11,875 
6,332 
8,582 
2,850 
1,749 
1,948 

103,993 
101,605 
2,388 
7,512 
4,568 
3,996 
2,432 
1,067 
1,948 

92,876 

92,331 

545 

4,075 

1,764 

1,565 

245 

682 

1,260 
1,260 

21,987 
21,987 

9,777 

9,564 

213 

1,927 

609 

190 

9,777 

9,564 

213 

1,927 

609 

190 

110,952 
110,407 

Great  Britain 

Ireland 

France 

175 

79 

34 

34 

Netherlands 

Spain 

2,918 
173 

103 

4,269 

Portugal 

Denmark 

667 

667 

Hanse  towns 

Prussia 

394 
183 

394 
183 

Sweden 

128 
802 

128 

All  other 

802 

1 

'  Returns  for  North  Carolina,  from  March  U,  1790;  those  for  Rhode  Island,  from  June  21. 1790. 
»  Madeira,  Canary,  and  Cape  Verde  islands  are  included  with  Europe,  instead  of  with  .\  frica. 
>  Cape  of  Oood  Hope  and  islands  of  Bourbon,  Mauritius,  and  St.  Helena  are  Included  with  Asia,  Instead  of  with  Africa. 


The  countries  show^l  in  the  foregoing  table  as  owners 
of  the  foreign  shipping  are  the  same,  and  are  in  the  same 
order,  as  those  given  in  the  tabular  statement  on  page 
30,  except  that  Germany  in  the  statement  mentioned 
is  replaced  hj  the  Hanse  towns  in  Table  6.  Of  the 
over-sea  commerce  of  542,962  tons,  more  than  half  was 
carried  in  ships  belonging  to  the  United  States  (most 
of  them  being  owned  in  Massachusetts),  and  the  bulk 
of  the  remainder  in  British  vessels.  Nearly  one-half 
of  the  imports  from  Europe  were  brought  in  vessels 
belonging  to  the  United  States. 

Particularly  noticeable  is  the  fact  that  nearly  one- 
half  of  all  imports  were  from  the  West  Indie.>^,  and  that 
much  more  than  one-half  of  the  West  Indian  imports 
were  brought  in  vessels  belonging  to  the  United  States, 
chiefly  from  the  French  West  Indies.  Most  of  the 
remauider  was  brought  in  British  vessels,  from  British 
West  Indian  ports  into  which  the  ships  of  the  United 
States  were  not  allowed  to  enter;  it  was  in  consequence 
of  this  fact  that  in  1790  measures  were  being  agitated 
in  Congress  with  a  view  to  discriminating  duties  on 
cargoes  of  British  vessels. 

EDUCATION. 

In  all  of  the  Northern  states,  laws  were  in  force  in 
1790  which  provided  for  the  education  of  children  in 


the  rudiments  of  knowledge.  In  New  England  nearly 
everj-one  possessed  a  common  school  education,  and  a 
person  of  mature  years  who  could  not  read  and  write 
was  rarely  to  be  found.  Every  Massachusetts  town 
having  50  householders  or  more  was  required  to  main- 
tain a  schoolmaster  to  teach  children  and  youth  to 
read  and  write;  and  eveiy  town  that  had  100  families 
was  required  to  maintain  a  grammar  school.' 

In  the  Middle  states  there  were  fewer  state  laws 
relating  to  compulsoiy  education,  but  public  schools 
were  common.  There  were  verj'  few  freebom  illiter- 
ates in  these  states.  In  Pennsylvania  and  parts  of 
New  Jersey  there  were  large  numbers  of  GermaiLs,  and 
in  isolated  localities  the  German  language  was  in  coiu- 

'  "  A  few  academics  with  limited  resources  prepared  lads  for  Har- 
vard or  Yale.  The  preat  body  of  the  people  were  educated  in  the 
district  school,  two  months  in  the  winter  by  a  man,  two  months  in 
summer  by  a  woman.  The  three  R's  were  taught  there  by  a  poor 
scholar  generally,  or  by  a  youth  who  was  earning  means  to  complete 
his  own  education.  The  range  of  books  was  verv  limited.  Stout  old 
Ezekiel  Cheever's  Latin  Accidence  had  held  the  ground  during 
the  century  for  the  upper  class  of  pupils.  Noah  Webster's  spelling 
book  was  just  coming  into  use,  with  Webster's  Selections,  Morse's 
Geography,  and  the  Youth 'sPrecei)tor.  The  Bible  was  the  ground- 
work of  all  reading.  The  helps  to  the  pupils  being  few  in  compari- 
son with  modern  resources  and  methods,  the  self-help  and  reliance 
developed  by  this  crude  system  of  education  was  something  remark- 
able. This  appeared  in  average  characters  and  ordinary  minds." — 
Weeden:  Economicand Social  IJislory of  ^'ew  England,  16iiO-17S9,  Vol. 
II,  page  861. 


32 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


mon  use  and  was  taught  in  the  schools.  It  would 
appear,  however,  that  tlie  literacy  was  quite  as  high 
among  the  Germans  as  among  the  English. 

In  the  Southern  states  there  were  but  few  free  public 
schools,  because  of  the  dispersed  situation  of  the  in- 
hal)itants;  and  in  the  larger  to\\-ns  there  were  but  few 
academies.  Education  was  confined  largely  to  the 
wealthier  classes.  Wealthy  men  were  accustomed  to 
send  their  sons  to  the  colleges  in  the  Northern  states  or 
to  Europe  to  complete  their  education.  In  the  thinly 
settled  western  sections  a  large  proportion  of  the  peo- 
ple were  illiterate.  Among  the  slaves,  illiteracy  was 
almost  the  universal  condition. 

Higher  education  in  the  United  States  in  1790  con- 
sisted largely  in  the  study  of  the  classics.  The  gradu- 
ating classes  of  1789  in  all  the  colleges  aggregated  only 
about  170.  The  following  list  shows  the  most  im- 
portant colleges  and  universities  in  the  United  States 
in  1790,  and  in  most  instances  gives  the  approximate 
number  of  students. 


INSTITUTION. 


Dartmouth  College 

Harvard  I'nivorsity 

Ehodc  Island  College  (Brown  Uni- 
versity). 

Yale  College 

Columbia  College 

Nassau  Hall  (I'rinceton  University). 

Queens  (Rutgers)  College 

University  of  Pennsylvania 

Dickinson  College. . ." 

Franklin  College 

Washington  College 

St.  Johns  College 

Georgetow-n  Uni versity 

William  and  Mary  College 


Location. 


Hanover,  N.  H 

Cambridge,  Mass 

Providence,  R.  1 

New  naven.  Conn 

New  York,  N.  Y 

I'rinceton,  N.  J 

Brunswick,  N.J 

I'hiladelphia,  Pa 

Carlisle,  Fa 

Lancaster,  Pa 

Chestertown,  Md 

Annapolis,  Md 

Georgetown,  Md 

Williamsburg,  Va 


Date  of 
found- 
ing. 


1769 
1U30 
1764 

1700 
1754 
1746 
17C6 
1740 
1783 
1787 
17S2 
1784 
178» 
1693 


Students 
in  1790. 


152. 

120  to  150. 

About  GO. 

150  to  250, 
30  to  40. 
About  70. 
30  to  40. 

About  SO. 


About  30. 


Law,  theology,  and  medicine  were  about  the  only 
professions  in  the  United  States  in  1790.  New 
England  was  the  seat  of  learning  in  law  and  theology  ; 
and  Philadelphia — through  the  influence  of  Frank- 
lin— in  medicine  '  and  science.  Some  of  the  colleges 
doubtless  offered  professional  courses;  but  there  were 
only  two  medical  schools  in  the  country,  and  no 
regular  school  of  law.  At  that  period  it  was  custom- 
ary to  acquire  a  professional  education  by  a  period 

'  "The  physician  had  not  then  become  the  priest  and  natural  con- 
fessor of  the  American  household,  as  he  is  to-day;  but  he  was  of 
great  importance  in  the  social  system.  His  education  through 
books  was  scanty,  judged  by  modern  standards,  while  a  large 
knowledge  of  human  kind  drawn  from  direct  observation  served 
to  bring  him  into  close  accord  with  his  patients.  Apothecaries 
were  hardly  known  outside  the  largest  towns;  for  the  doctors' 
saddlebags  carried  the  simple  pharmacy  to  the  remotest  hut. 
Cheerfully  those  public  servants  toiled  over  the  hardest  roads,  in 
every  season  and  in  all  weather,  to  attend  rich  and  poor  alike;  'the 
country  doctor  could  not  choose  his  patients  if  ho  would.  A  rigid 
standard  of  custom  gave  his  services  to  all  who  needed  them,  fees 
being  hardly  considered  when  anyone  needed  medical  attendance. 

"The  fees  were  very  modest.  Even  in  Boston,  prior  to  1782,  the 
ordinary  visit  was  charged  at  1  shilling  6  pence  to  2  shillings. 
Half  a  dollar  was  only  charged  'such  as  were  in  high  life.'  In 
that  year  a  club  of  the  leading  physicians  fixed  the  common  fee  at 
50  cents,  in  consultation  at  $1.  Night  visits  were  doubled;  mid- 
wifery was  at  $8;  capital  operations  in  surgery,  at  £,5  lawful  money; 
medicines  were  charged  at  very  high  prices,  comparatively."— 
Weeden:  Economic  and  Social  History  of  New  Enqland  16iiO-nS9 
Vol.  II,  page  86.1. 


of  study  in  the  office  of  some  one  who  had  become 
eminent  in  law  or  medicine,  as  the  case  might  be. 

NEWSPAPERS    AND    PERIODICALS. 

The  newspapers  and  periodicals  known  to  have 
been  published  in  the  United  States  during  some  part 
of  the  year  1790  number  103.  This  number  com- 
prises those  publications  which  are  fully  authenticated, 
and  of  which  a  complete  list  will  be  foimd  on  page 
33.  It  is  believed  to  include  all  publications  issued  in 
several  of  the  states,  and  the  more  influential  and  im- 
portant newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  the 
remaining  states.  The  list,  however,  is  probably  in- 
complete. It  is  not  to  be  dotibted  that  there  were  a 
considerable  number  of  publications  of  which,  after 
the  lapse  of  more  than  a  century,  all  record  has  van- 
ished. In  some  instances,  indeed,  references  are  made 
by  local  historians  to  publications  which  were  evi- 
dently in  existence  in  1790,  but  of  which  no  further 
trace  can  be  found. 

The  following  table  analyzes,  by  period  of  issue, 
the  publications  in  each  state  in  1790: 

Newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  Ihe  United  States  in  1790, 
classified  by  period  of  issue. 


STATE. 

s 

a 

>> 
J 

3 
1 

g 

a 

a 
o 

B 

(5 

d 
o 

s 

a 

United  States     . 

103 

8 

12 

73 

6 

1 

3 

New  England  states 

37 

3 

32 

2 

Maine    

2 
6 
2 
14 
4 
9 

42 

2 
5 
2 
10 
4 
9 

22 

1 

2 

2 

7 

0 

4 

I 

2 

14 
3 

23 
2 

24 

3 

4 

4 
2 
14 
2 

19 

1 
...... 

...... 

2 

Pennsylvania     

4 

2 

1 

3 

1 

Maryland 

9 
9 
1 

2 
2 
1 

2 

7 
9 

Nortn  Carolina 

1 

South  Carolina 

1 

1 

2 
1 

Of  the  103  publications  reported,  96  were  news- 
papers and  7  were  periodicals.  More  than  one-third 
of  the  whole  number  were  published  in  New  England, 
and  two-fifths  in  the  Middle  states.  Most  of  the 
newspapers  published  south  of  the  Potomac  are 
credited  to  Maryland  and  Virginia. 

An  examination  of  the  proportions  of  daily,  semi- 
weekly,  weekly,  and  montlily  publications  in  1790 
naturally  suggests  the  following  comparison  with  the 
corresponding  j^roportions  of  the  ijnmense  volume  of 
publications  issued  in  1900.  The  most  striking  fact 
revealed  by  this  comparison  is  the  growth  of  the  daily 


• 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


83 


paper  and  the  monthly  periodical  at  the  expense  of 
weekly  and  semiweekly  papers. 


PERIOD  or  ISSUE. 

1790 

1900 

Daily 

7.8 
13.6 
68.9 
5.8 
3.9 

13.2 

2.5 

Weekly             

34.9 

34.6 

All  other 

14.8 

In  1790  the  contents  of  newspapers  were  chiefly 
advertisements,  notices  of  auction  sales,  sliipping 
news,  short  clippings  from  papers  in  other  states, 
letters  from  places  in  the  West  and  from  the  West 
India  Islands,  ami  extracts  from  Eurojiean  news- 
papers. There  were  also  a  few  broad  jokes  and 
anecdotes  scattered  tliroujjh  the  pages.  Events  of 
local  interest  were  .seklom  published,  and  etlitorial 
remarks  were  few  in  number,  although  sometimes 
vigorous  in  expression. 

During  the  sessions  of  Congress  the  debates  were 
published  at  length  in  all  the  daily  papers,  and  impor- 
tant bills  were  given  in  full,  even  to  the  signatures  of 
the  President  and  Vice-President.  But  there  were 
no  news  collecting  agencies,  and  little  of  the  news 
pubUshed  seems  to  have  come  to  the  knowledge  of 
the  editors  through  any  systematic  efforts  of  their 
own.  Very  few,  if  any,  of  the  papers  had  correspond- 
ents in  different  sections  of  the  country. 

The   weekly   paper   was   in   man}'   cases   the   only 


outlet  for  literary  activity.  There  were  long  dis- ' 
quisitions  on  religious  and  political  topics,  and  essays 
after  the  manner  of  the  Spectator  were  frecjuent. 
There  were  also  numerous  communications  from 
local  ^\Titers.  These  were  never  signe<l  by  the  WTitcr, 
but  with  some  such  classical  pseudonym  as  Publicola, 
Nestor,  or  Cicero;  they  usually  abounded  in  classical 
allusions  and  quotations,  and  were  on  all  subjects — 
religion,  p(jlitic.s,  law,  medicine,  and  morals. 

In  no  instance  was  the  circulation  of  a  newspaper 
published  in  1790  very  large;  it  probably  did  not  ex- 
ceed 1 ,000  copies  per  issue  in  the  case  of  the  most  pros- 
perous publication.  In  1789  not  less  than  30,000 
copies  of  newspapers  were  printed  everj^  week  in  New 
England; '  they  circulated  in  almost  every  town  and 
village. 

Newspajiers  were  usually  distributed  by  newsboys, 
or  by  postboys  who  made  long  trips  through  the  rural 
districts  on  horseback,  performing  other  errands  along 
their  routes.  Drivers  of  stagecoaches  sometimes  re- 
ceived subscriptions  for  papers,  and  distributed  them 
on  regular  trips. 

Some  of  the  newspapers  published  in  1790  have  sur- 
vived to  the  present  time;  but  most  of  tliose  which  are 
still  published  are  issued  under  names  wiiich  have  been 
partially  or  completely  ciianged,  and  some  have  been 
mergetl  in  other  publications. 

'  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States,  Jedediab  Morse. 


Newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  1790. 


rUCE  OF  PUBUCATIOS   AND  TITLE 
IN   1790. 


Period  or  issue 
in  1790. 


Date  when 
established. 


First  publisher. 


Publisher  in  1790. 


Remarks. 


Portland: 

The  Cumberland  Gazette. 


Gazette  of  Maine. 


N'cw- 


XEW  HAMPSIIIKE. 

Concord: 

The   Concord    Herald    and 

hampshire  Intelligencer. 

Dover:  I 

Political  and  Sentimental  Reposi-  i 

tory,  or  Straflord  Recorder.  | 

Ejtetcr:  1 

New  Hampshire  Gazetteer 

Kecne: 

The  New  Hampshire  Recorder  and 
the  Weekly  .Vdvcrtiser. 
Portsmouth: 

The  New-Hampshire  Gazette,  and 
the  General  Advertiser. 


Osborne's  New  Hampshire  Spy., 

VERMONT. 


Bennington: 

The  V'ermont  Gazette. 


Windsor: 

Vermont    Journal 
.\dvertlser. 


and    Universal 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Boston: 

The  Boston  Gazette  and  the  Coun- 
try Journal. 
Independ'^nt   Chronicle   and    the 

Universal  .Vdvertiser.i 
American  Herald:  .\nd  The  W^ash- 
ington  Gazette. 


The  Columbian  Centlnel. 


Weekly. 
Weekly. 

Weekly. 

Weekly. 

Weekly. 
Weekly. 


Jan.  1,  17S5.. 
Oct.  1, 1790. 


Benjamin    Tlteomb     and 

Thomas  IJ.  Wait. 
Benjamin  Tlteomb 


Jan.  C,  1790... 

July  15,  1790. 

Aug.  — ,  1789. 
Aug.  7, 1789.. 


George  Hough . . 
EUpbalet  Ladd. 


Henry  Ranlet 

James  D.  Griffith. 


Weekly !  Oct.  7, 175G. 


Semiweekly.. 

Weekly 

Weekly 


Oct.  24, 1786. 


Daniel  Fowie 

Geo.  Jerry  Osborne . 


Weekly. 
Weekly . 


June  5, 1783 Anthony  Haswell  and  David 

I  Russell. 

Aug.  7,  1783 George    Hough    and    .\ldcn 

I  Spooner. 


Apr.  7, 1755 '  Benjamin  Edes  and  John  GUI. 


Weekly 

Semiweekly. . 


Aug.  2,  1768 !  Samuel  Hall 

Oct. 27, 1781 Edward  E.  Powars. 


Mar.  24,  1784 i  William  Warden  and  Benja- 

^      min  Russell. 

>  Established  at  Salem. 


Thomas  B.  Wait... 
BenJ.  Titcomb 

George  Hough 

Kliphalet  Ladd 

Henry  Ranlet 

James  D.  Grimth.. 

John  Melchcr 

Geo.  Jerry  Osborne 


Anthony  Haswell  and  Da- 
vid Russell. 

George  Hough  (?)  and  Al- 
den  Spooner. 


IConsolidated  Sept.  3, 1796;  In 
existence  in  1895. 


Discontinued  Oct.  30,  1805. 

Discontinued  in  1829. 

Discontinued  In  1797. 
Discontinued  in  1792. 


Became  weekly  edition  of 
Daily  Chronicle  in  1S61. 
In  existence  in  1!>95. 

Discontinued  in  1793. 


In  existence  In  1879. 
Vermont  Journal  in  1900. 


Benjamin  Edes  and  BenJ.     Discontinued  Sept.  17, 1798. 

Hdes.  jr. 
Thomas  Adams Merged  in  Boston  Daily  Ad- 
vertiser in  1S31. 

Edward  E.  Powars Prol)al»ly  consolidated  with 

the  Herald  of  Freedom  in 
1791  or  1792. 

Benjamin  Russell Merged  in  Boston  Daily  Ad- 

!      vertiser,  May  I.  1840. 


34 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  1790 — Continued. 


PLACE  OF  PUBUCATION   AND  TITLE 
IN   1790. 


MASSACHUSETTS— continued. 

Boston— Continued. 

The  Gentlemen  and  Ladies'  Town 

and  Country  Magazine. 
The  Herald  of  Fre-edom 


The   Massachusetts    Magazine,  Or 
Monthly  Museum. 
Newburyjport: 

The  Essex  Journal  and  New  Hamp- 
shire Packet. 

Northampton: 

The  Hamjjshire  Gazette 


Pittsfield: 

Berkshire  Chronicle  and  Massachu- 
setts Intelligencer. 
Salem: 

The  Salem  Gazette 


Springfield: 

The  Hampshire  Chronicle 

Stockhridge: 

The  Western  Star 

Worcester: 

Thomas's  Massachusetts  Spy;  or 
The  Worcester  Ga2ett(\' 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Newport: 

The  Newport  Mercury , 

Newport  Herald 

Providence: 

The  Providence  Gazette  and  Coun- 
try Journal. 

United  States  Chronicle 


CONNKCTICUT. 


Danbury: 

The  Farmer's  Journal. 


Hartford : 

The    Connecticut     Courant 

Weekly  Intelligencer. 
The  American  Mercury 


and 


Litchfield: 

The  Weekly  Monitor;  and  American 
Advertiser. 
Middletown: 

Middlesex  Gazette  or  Federal  Ad- 
viser. 
New  Haven: 

Connecticut  Journal 


The  New  Haven  Gazette 

New  London: 

Connecticut  Gazette 

Norwich: 

The  Norwich  Packet  and  the  Con- 
necticut, Massachusetts,  New 
Hampshire,  and  Rhode  Island 
Weekly  Advertiser. 


NEW  YORK. 

Albany: 

The  Albany  Gazette.. 
The  Albany  Register. 


Goshen: 

The  Goshen  Repository. 
Hudson: 

Hudson  Gazette 


Lansingburg: 

Federal  Herald 

New  York: 

The  New  York  Journal  and  Patri- 
otic Register. 

The  Argus,  or  Greenleal'sNew  Daily 
Advertiser. 

New  York  Packet 

The  Daily  Advertiser 

The  New  York  Daily  Gazette.*. . 

Gazette  of  the  United  States^ 


New  York  Magazine 

Weekly  Museum 

Poughkeepsie: 

Poughkeepsie  Journal  <. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

New  Brunswick: 

The  Brunswick  Gazette 

Elizabethtown: 

New  Jersey  Journal,  and  Political 

Intelligencer. 
The     Christian's,     scholar's,     and 
farmer's  magazine. 

1  Established  at  Boston. 


Period  of  issue 
in  1790. 


Monthly 

Semi  weekly. 
Monthly 


Weekly . 

Weekly. 

Weekly. 

Weekly. 

Weekly. 
Weekly. 
Weekly . 


Weekly. 
Weekly . 

Weekly. 

Weekly. 


Weekly. 

Weekly. 
Weekly. 


Weekly. 

Weekly. 
Weekly. 
Weekly. 
Weekly. 


Semiweekly. 


Weekly. 


Weekly 

Semiweekly. 
Daily 


Semiweekly. - 

Daily '. . . 

Dailj^ 

Semiweekly.. 


Monthly. 
Weekly.. 


Weekly. 


Weekly..., 
Weekly..., 
Bimonthly 


Apr. 
"  Weekly  in  1792. 


Date  when 
established. 


May,  1784.... 
Sept.  15, 1788. 
Jan.—,  1789.. 


Dec.  1,  1773. 


Sept.  f>,  1780.. 
May  8,  1788.. 
Oct.  14,  178G. 


Mar.  1,  1787... 
Nov.  — ,  1789. 
July  17,  1770.. 


Sept.—,  1758. 
Mar.  1,  1787... 

Oct.  20,  1762. . 

Jan.  1,1784... 


Mar.  IS,  1790. 

Oct.  29,  1764.. 
July  12,  1784., 

Dec.  21,  1784. 

Nov.  8,  1785. . 


Oct.  23,  1767. 
Jan.  5,  1790.. 
Aug.  8,  1758.. 
Dec.  16,  1773. 


May 


28,  1784. 
— ,  1788. 


Apr. 

May 

May 

May 

Jan. 
Mar. 
Dec. 
Apr. 


— ,  1788. 
7,  1785. 

5,  1788. 

29,  1706. 

29,  17G6. 

4,  1776. 
1,  1785. 

29. 1788. 

15. 1789. 


Jan. , 1790 . 


,  1734. 


Sept. 


—1786., 
— ,  1779., 
—  ^789., 


First  publisher. 


Job  Weeden  and  William  Bar- 
rett. 

Edmund  Freeman  and  Loring 
Andrews. 

Isaiah  Thomas  and  Ebenezer 
T.  Andrews. 

Isaiah  Thomas  and  Henry  W. 
Tinges. 


William  Butler. 
Roger  Storrs 


John  Dabney  and  Thomas  C. 
Gushing. 


Zephaniah  Webster. 

Loring  Andrews 

Isaiah  Thomas 


James  Franklin,  jr. 
Peter  Edes 


William  Goddard. 
Bennett  Wheeler. , 


Nathan  Douglas  and  Edwards 
Ely. 

Thomas  Green 


Joel  Barlow  and  EHsha  Bab- 
cock. 

Thomas  Collier  and  Copp 


Woodward  and  Green 

Thomas  and  Samuel  Green. 


Timothy  Green 

Alexander  Robertson  &  James 
Robertson  and  John  Trum- 
bull. 


Charles  R.  Webster. 
Robert  Barber 


David  Maiidevillc. 


Charles  R.  Webster  and  Ash- 
bel  Stoddard. 


Babcock  and  Hickok  . 

John  Holt 

John  Holt 


Samuel  Loudon 

Francis  Childs 

John  and  Archibald  M'Lean. 
John  Fenno 


Thomas  and  James  Swords., 


John  Holt. 


Shelly  Amett ... 
Shepard  KoUock. 
Shepard  Kollock . 


Publisher  in  1790. 


Nathaniel  Coverley. 
Edmund  Freeman.. 


Isaiah  Thomas  and  Ebe- 
nezer T.  Andrews. 

John  Mycall 


William  Butler. 
Roger  Storrs 


Thomas  C.  Cushing. 

Ezra  Waldo  Weld . . , 

Loring  Andrews 

Isaiah  Thomas 


Henry  Barber. 
Peter  Edes 


John  Carter 

Bennett  Wheeler. 


Nathan  Douglas  and  Ed- 
wards Ely. 

Barzillai  Hudson  and  Geo. 

Goodwin. 
Elisha  Babcock 


Thomas  Collier. 


Discontinued   in  December, 

1790. 
In  existence  June  28, 1793. 

Discontinued  in  December, 
1796. 

Became  the  Morning  Star  in 
April,  1794.  Discontinued 
before  1800. 

Berkshire  County  Eagle  in 
1900. 

In  e.Tistence  in  1900. 


In  existence  in  1895. 

In  existence  in  1795. 

In  existence  in  1898. 

The   Massachusetts   Spy   in 
1900. 


In  existence  in  1900. 
Discontinued  in  1791. 

Merged     in     Rhode     Island 
American  in  <  October,  1825. 
Discontinued  in  1802. 


Republican  Farmer  (Bridge- 
port; in  1900. 

In  existence  in  1900. 

Merged  in  the  Independent 
Press  in  1833. 

Discontinued  in  1S06. 


Moses  H.  Woodward... 
Thomas  and  Samuel  Green 


Timothy  Green. 
John  Trumbull. 


Charles  R.  Webster 

John  and  Robert  Barber. 


Charles  R.   Webster  and 
Ashbel  Stoddard. 


Babcock  and  Hickok. 

Thomas  Greenleaf 

Thos.  Greenleaf 


Samuel  Loudon 

Philip  Freneau 

Archibald  M'Lean. 
John  Fenno. 


Thos.  and  Jas.  Swords  ... 


Nicholas  Power. 


Abraham  Blauvelt. 
Shepard  Kollock... 
Shepard  Kollock . . . 


Discontinued  in  May,  IS34. 

Connecticut     Herald      and 

Weekly  Journal  in  1900. 
Discontinued  June  29,  1791. 

Discontinued  in  1844. 

Discontinued  in  1804. 


Discontinued  Apr.  14.  1845. 
Merged  in  New  York  Stand- 
ard. 

Discontinued  in  1804. 

In  existence  in  1900. 

In  existence  in  1890. 
Discontinued  in  1810. 

Discontinued  in  November, 

ISIO. 
In  existence  in  1835. 
Merged  in  Express  in  1836. 
In  existence  in  1828. 
Merged  in  North  American  in 

1.S47. 
Discontinued  in  1797. 
In  existence  in  ISIG. 

United  with  Poughkeepsie 
Eagle  in  1814.  In  existence 
in  1850. 


i 


In  existence  in  1816. 


Elizabeth  Daily  Journal  in 

1900.  " 

Discontinued  in  March,  1791. 


I  Removed  to  Philadelphia  Oct.  13,  1790. 


<  Established  in  New  York  City. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IX  1790. 
Newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  1790 — Continued. 


35 


PLACE  OF  PUBLICATION  AND  TITLE 
IN  1790. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Carlisle: 

The  Carlisle  Cajettc,  &  the  Western     Weekly . 
Repository  of  Knowledpe. 
Chambersburg: 

Western  Advertiser  and  Chambers-     Weekly, 
burc  Weekly. 
German  town: 

Die  Oemiantauner  Zeltung Weekly . 

HarrisburR: 

The  Oracle  of  Dauphin Weekly . 

Lancaster: 

Neue    liQpartheylsche     Lancaster     Weekly. 
Zeltung   und    Anzelgs-Nachrich- 
ten. 
Philadelphia:  >  j 

The  Pennsylvania  Gazette Weekly . 


Period  of  Issue 
In  1790. 


The    Pennsylvania    Journal    and 

Weekly  Advertiser. 
The  Pennsylvania  Packet  and  Dally 

Advertiser. 


The  Arminian  Magazine 

The    Freeman's    Journal,    or    the 

North  American  Intelligencer. 
Gemeinniitzige        PhilaUeiphische 

CorrespondPHZ. 
Index)endent  <  Jazctteer,  or  the  Cron- 

Icle  of  Freedom. 
Pennsylvania    Mercury   and    The 

Universal  .Vdvertiser. 
Universal  Asylum  and  Columbian 

Magazine. 

The  .\merican  Museum:  or  Uni- 
versal Magazine. 

The  Fe<lcral  flazotte  and  Philadel- 
phia Daily  .-Vdvertiser. 

Der  General  -  Postl>othc  an  die 
Deutsche  Nation. 

Die  Chesnuthiller  Wochcnschritt... 

The  General  .advertiser  and  Politi- 
cal. Commercial.  Agricultural  and 
Literary  Journal. 

Farmers'  Weekly  Museum 

Pittsburg: 

Pittsburg  Gazette 

Reading: 

Neue  Unpartheyische  Readinger 
Zeltung  und  .Vnzeigs-Nachrichten. 
York: 

Pennsylvania  TIerald  and  York 
General  .Vdvertiser. 


Semlweekly. 
Dally 


Monthly. 
Weekly . . 

Weekly . . 

Dally.... 

Weekly.. 

Monthly. 


Date  when 
established. 


Aug.  10, 1783. 

June  — ,  1790. 

Aug.  20, 1739.. 
—  —1788.. 
Aug.    8,  1787.. 

Dec.  24, 1728.. 

Dec.    2,1742.. 
Oct.  28,  1771.. 


Monthly 

Daily 

Semlweekly... 


Weekly. 
Daily... 


Jan.  — ,  I77S. 
Apr.  25, 1781. 

May  21, 1781. 

Apr.  13,  1782. 

Aug.  20, 1784. 

Sept.—,  1786. 

Jan.  — ,  1787.. 

Mar.    8, 1788. 

Nov.  27, 1789. . 

Oct.    8,  1790. . 
Oct.  — ,  1790.. 


DELAWARE. 

Wilmington: 

Wilmington  Gazette... 
The  Delaware  Gazette. 


MARYLAND. 

Annapolis: 

Maryland  Gazette 


Weekly —     —,1790. 

Weekly !  July  29,  1786. 

Weekly I  Feb.  18,  1789. 

Weekly Jan.     7,1789. 


Weekly. 
Weekly. 


Weekly. 


Baltimore: 

The  Maryland  Journal  and  Balti-  i  Semlweekly... 

more  Advertiser.  | 

The  Maryland  Gazette;  or  the  Bal-     Semlweekly... 
timore  -Vdvertiser. 
Easton: 

Maryland  Herald  and  Eastern  Shore    Weekly 

Intelligencer.  I 

Frederick:  1 

The  Maryland  Chronicle  and  the  I  Weekly 

Universal  .VdviTtlser. 

The  Maryland  (iazette  and  Fred-     Weekly 

erick  W  eekly  .Vdvertiser.  , 

Georgetown:  > 

The  Times  and   the    Patowmack     Weekly 

Packet.  I 

Georgetown  Weekly  Ledger Weekly 

Hagerstown : 

WashiDgtoD  Spy Weekly 


—     — ,  1784. 
Mar.  — ,  1785. 


VIRGINIA. 

Fredericksburg: 

The  Virginia  Herald  and  Freder- 
icksburg .-Vdvertiser. 
Martinsliurg: 

I'otomak  Guardian  and  Berkeley 
Advertiser. 
Norfolk: 

The     Norfolk     and      Portsmouth 
Chronicle. 
Petersburg: 

The  Virginia  Gazette  and  Peters- 
burg Intelligencer. 


Weekly. 
Weekly. 
Weekly. 
Weekly. 


Jan.  17,  1745. 

Aug.  20, 1773. 
May  16,1783. 

May  16, 1790.. 

Jan.  4,1786., 
Mar.    1,1790.. 

Feb.  — ,  1789.. 
Mar.  —,1790.. 
Jan.     1,  1790.. 


First  publisher. 


Kline  and  Reynolds. 
WlUlam  Davison 


Christopher  Saur 

T.  Roberts  and  Co 

Stiemer,  Albrecht,  and  Lahn. 


PublUher  In  1790. 


Remarks. 


Kline  and  Reynolds In  existence  June  9, 1790. 


Wm.  Davison. 


Ftanklhi  Repository  In  1900. 


Samuel  Kelmer. 


WlUlam  Bradford. 
John  Dunlap 


Prlchard  and  Hall. 
Francis  Bailey 


Melchior  Stelner. 


Eleazer  Oswald 

Daniel  Humphreys. 


Matthew  Carey,  T.  Siddons, 
C.  Talbot,  W.  Spotswood, 
&  J.  Trenchard. 

Matthew  Carey 


Andrew  Brown. 


Melchior  Stelner. 


Samuel  Saur 

Benjamin  Franklin  Bache... 


Michael  BlUmeyer Discontinued  In  1809. 

T.  RobertsandCo Discontinued  about  183Z 

Johann  Albrecht  ii  Co Discontinued  in  1794. 


David  Hall  and  William  I 
Sellers.  i 

William  and  Thos.  Brad- 
ford. I 

John  Dunlap  and  David  i 
C.  Claypoolc. 


Francis  Bailey 

Melchior  Stelner 

Eleazer  Oswald 

Daniel  Humphreys. 


Matthew  Carey.. 
Andrew  Brown.. 
Melchior  Stelner. 


Samuel  Saur 

Benjamin  Franklin  Bache. 


John  Scull  and  Joseph  Hall... 

Johnson,  Barton,  and  Jung- 
maim. 

James  Edie,  John  Edie,  and 
Henry  Wilcocks. 


Peter  Brynberg  and  Samuel 
Andrews. 


Jonas  Green. 


William  Goddard . 
John  Hayes 


James  Cowan. 


,  Matthias  Bartgis. 
John  Winter 


Charles  Flerer 

Day  and  Hancock. 
Stewart  Herlwrt. . . 


'  See  also  Gazette  of  the  United  States, 
'  Now  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 


—     — ,  17S7 Timothy  Green Timothy  Green. 

Nov. —,1790 Nathaniel  Willis Nathaniel  Willis. 

Aug.  29,  1789 Prentis and  Baxter Prentis and  Baxter. 

July  —,  1786 Miles     Hunter     A     William     William  Prentis.. 

I  Prentis. 

vhlch  was  published  in  New  York  city  until  Oct.  13,  1790,  when  it  was  removed  to  Philadelphia. 


Barton  and  Jungmann. . . 

James    Edie,  John  Edie, 
and  Henry  Wilcocks. 


Became  Saturday  Evening 
Post  in  1S21.  In  existence 
in  1900. 

Discontinued  in  1797. 

Merged  in  the  North  Ameri- 
can in  1840.  In  existence 
in  1900. 

In  existence  in  1790. 

Discontinued  in  1792. 

Discontinued  In  1810. 
Discontinued  In  1799. 


Discontinued  In  December, 

1792. 

Discontinued  Dec.  31,  1792. 

Merged  in  North  American 
in  1840. 

Discontinued  about  July, 
I       1790. 

In  existence  in  1794. 

Merged  in  Pennsylvania  Ga- 
I      zettcinlS28. 

In  existence  in  1790. 

Commercial  Gazette  in  1900. 

Discontinued  in  1816. 

In  existence  In  1799. 


Peter  Br>Tiberg  and  Sam- 
uel .\ndrews.  ■ 


Frederick     and     Samuel 
Green. 

Wm.  Goddard  and  James 

.\ngell. 
John  Hayes 


In  existence  in  1880. 
In  existence  in  1894. 


Discontinued  in  1839. 

Baltimore  American  In  190a 
In  existence  In  1791. 


James  Cowan In  existence  In  1804. 


Matthias  Bartgis. 
John  Winter 


.    In  existence  in  1824. 
.    In  existence  in  1791. 


1 


Charles  Fierer  and  Thos. 

N.  Kosdick. 
Day  and  Hancock 


Stewart  Herbert. 


In  existence  in  1791. 
In  existence  in  1793. 
In  existence  in  1797. 


In  existence  in  1836. 
In  existence  in  1896. 
In  existence  in  1793. 
In  existence  In  1800. 


36 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Newspapers  and  periodicals  published  in  7750— Continued. 


PLACE   OF  PUBLICATION   AND  TITLE 
IN  1790. 

Period  of  issue 
in  1790. 

Date  when 
established. 

First  publisher. 

Publisher  in  1790. 

Remarks. 

vmomiA— continued. 

Weekly 

Weekly 

Weekly 

Weekly 

Weekly 

Aug.   6,1736 

_     —,1782 

—     —,1786 

July  11.1787 

Apr.    2,1788 

John  Dixon 

In  existence  in  1793. 

Virginia  Gaiette  and  Independent 

Chronicle.' 
The  Virginia  Gazette  and  Weekly 

Thomas  Nicolson  and  WllUam 
Prentiss. 

In  existence  in  1793. 

Discontinued  in  1809. 

The  Virginia  Independent  Chron- 
icle and  General  Advertiser. 

In  existence  in  1790. 

The    Virginia  Gazette,  and  Win- 
chester .\dvertiser. 

The  Virginia  Centinel;  or  the  Vi  in- 
chester  Mercurj-. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Fayetteville: 

The  Fayetteville  Chronicle  or  North 
Carolma  Gazette. 

SODTII  CAROLINA. 

Charleston: 

Richard  Bowen  and  Co 

Richard  Bowen  and  Co . . . 

In  existence  in  1800. 
In  existence  in  1790. 

Semiweekly. . . 

Apr.  — ,  1777 

Mar.  —  1783 

Oct.     2,1786 

Apr.  17.1763 

Aug.  11,  1787 

Ann  S.  Timothv 

Discontinued  in  1800. 

The  State  Gazette  of  South  Carolina. 
The  City  Gazette  or  Daily  Adver- 
tiser. 

GEOEGU. 

Augusta: 

John  Miller 

Markland  and  M'lver 

John  E.  Smith 

In  existence  in  1817. 

Weekly 

Weekly 

Weekly 

In  existence  in  1900. 

The  Augusta  Chronicle  and  Gazette 
or  the  State. 
Savannah; 

1  James  and  NicholasJohn- 
1      ston. 

John  Bradford 

Discontinued  ia  1802. 

KENTUCKY. 

Lexington: 

Discontinued  in  1848. 

1  Established  at  Williamsburg. 


SLAVEKY. 


Slavery  was  introduced  into  the  colonies  in  August, 
1619,  when  20  African  negroes  were  brought  to  James- 
to\vn  by  Dutch  traders  and  sold  to  the  planters  of 
Vu-ginia.  At  that  time  the  sale  of  Africans  who  had 
been  captured  or  purchased  was  sanctioned  by  the 
leading  European  nations,  and  formed  a  very  profitable 
business.  The  slave  traders,  taking  advantage  of  the 
new  field  opened  to  them  by  the  colonization  of  the 
coast  of  North  America,  introduced  slavery  into  most 
of  the  colonies  soon  after  they  were  founded.  The  only 
colony  established  with  ordinances  against  this  institu- 
tion was  Georgia ;  and  this  state  also  was  soon  forced, 
by  social  contact  and  business  competition  with  the 
neighboring  settlements,  to  legalize  the  holding  of 
slaves. 

The  actual  importations  of  slaves  can  only  be  esti- 
mated. Mr.  Carey,  author  of  a  work  on  the  slave 
trade,  is  the  authority  for  the  following  estimate 
of  the  number  of  slaves  imported : 


PERIOD. 

Number 
of  slaves. 

Total 

333, 000 

Prior  to  1715 

30,000 
90,000 

1715  to  1750     . 

1751  to  1760 

1761  to  1770 

74, 000 
34,000 
70, 000 

1771  to  1790 

1791  to  1808 

It  is  claimed,  however,  that  this  total  is  too  small, 
and  that  a  closer  estimate  would  bring  the  number  to 
370,000  or  even  400,000.  Air.  Carey's  figures  indi- 
cate that  the  average  annual  importation  was  about 
2,500  between  1715  and  1750,  and  3,500  for  the  period 
from  1751  to  1760.  The  following  decade  was  the 
period  of  greatest  activity,  the  importation  reaching 
an  average  of  7,400  a  year.  For  the  tw-enty  years 
from  1771  to  1790  the  average  fell  to  1,700,  but  for 
the  period  immediately  preceding  the  legal  abolition 
of  the  slave  traffic  in  the  United  States  it  was  more 
than  double  that  number.  By  1790  the  survivors 
and  descendants  of  the  African  slaves  imported  num- 
bered 757,208,  according  to  the  Federal  census  of 
that  year. 

Early  in  the  history  of  the  Southern  colonies  the 
planters  realized  that  slave  labor  could  be  utilized 
to  good  advantage  in  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  and 
some  other  crops.'  At  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth 
century  negro  slavery  was  considered  by  the  settlers 
of  all  of  the  colonies  as  a  usual  and  routme  matter,  and 
in  the  New  England  and  Middle  colonies,  as  w^ell  as 
in  the  South,  the  possession  of  slaves  was  generally 

'The  cotton  crop,  which  later  furnished  an  extensive  field  for 
slave  labor,  did  not  assume  great  importance  until  the  invention 
of  the  cotton  gin  in  1793.  After  that  date  the  employment  of 
slaves  in  the  cultivation  of  cotton  became  especially  profitable, 
since  this  crop  furnishes  work  for  a  considerable  portion  of  the  year, 
and  makes  it  possible  to  utilize  to  advantage  the  services  of  women 
and  children. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


37 


accepted  as  an  evidence  of  wealtli  and  of  importance 
in  the  community. 

By  1750  negro  slavery  was  recognized  by  law  in 
every  Nortli  American  colony.  At  tiie  time  of  tlie 
Declaration  of  Independence  the  British  possessions 
had  local  enactments  protecting  slave  property  and 
providing  special  codes  and  tribunals  for  slaves.  Some 
of  tiie  shive  codes  were  extremely  severe,  because  of 
the  fear  of  negro  insurrections. 

Although  shivery  became  the  presumptive  status 
of  every  negro,  most  of  the  colonies  recognized  the 
status  of  free  negroes.  But  the  presence  of  a  free 
negro  was  believed  to  have  an  imfavorable  influence 
on  the  slaves  in  the  neighborhood,  and  hence  many  of 
the  colonies  made  the  conditions  surrounding  manu- 
mission so  exacting  that  slave  o-\vners  seldom  took 
advantage  of  the  legal  right  to  free  their  slaves.  There 
are,  however,  numerous  instances  of  negroes  who 
were  freed  by  their  masters,  and  some  cases  of  negroes 
who  were  given  their  freedom  by  the  state  on  account 
of  some  public  service  performed  by  them;  but  no 
data  are  available  as  to  the  aggregate  number  of 
slaves  manumitted. 

Free  negroes  were  allowed  property  rights,  and  con- 
sequently some  of  them  became  slave  owners.  Often 
a  manumitted  negro  would  purchase  the  freedom  of 
the  members  of  his  family  or  of  friends,  and  unless 
he  went  through  the  formality  of  manumission  these 
persons  were  legally  his  slaves. 

The  growth  of  the  antislavery  movement  forms  an 
interesting  phase  of  the  history  of  the  Colonial,  Conti- 
nental, and  early  Federal  periods.  The  antislavery 
sentiment  which  existed  in  the  Southern  colonies  in  the 
early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  was,  as  a  rule,  the 
result  of  economic  causes;  when  these  colonies  feared 
the  growth  in  the  number  of  negroes,  or  desired  more 
revenue,  attempts  were  made  by  the  legislatures  to  cut 
off  or  to  tax  the  importation  of  slaves.  On  the  other 
hand,  in  the  North  the  feehng  of  antagonism  toward 
human  slavery,  which  grew  rapidly  and  was  voiced 
by  men  of  high  principle  and  strong  religious  belief, 
was  based  largely  on  moral  grounds.  The  claim  is 
often  made  that  this  attitude  of  the  Northern  colonies 
in  connection  with  the  slave  problem  did  not  become 
general  until  after  these  communities  had  disposed  of 
all  of  their  slaves.  But,  while  there  is  an  element  of 
truth  in  this,  the  fact  remains  that  from  a  condition 
of  dependence  upon  slaves  for  menial  services  of  va- 
rious kinds,  the  people  of  the  New  England  and  Middle 
states  steadily  and  comi)letely  changed  their  point  of 
view,  taking  the  position  that  slavery  was  both  unwise 
and  immoral,  and  disposed  of  their  slaves.  The 
demand  for  labor  was  supplied  mainly  by  apprentices 
and  by  "redemptioners" — men  and  women  who,  being 
unable  to  pay  the  expenses  of  their  passage  to  this 
country,  were  "bound"  to  persons  buying  their  serv- 
ices for  a  period  usually  lasting  from  three  to  five  years. 
76292—09 4 


The  first  petition  against  slavery'  recorded  in  Amer- 
ican histor}'  was  made  in  1GS8,  by  Friends,  in  German- 
town,  Pa.  The  agitation  against  slavery  was  contin- 
ued by  other  Quakers,  by  the  Puritans,  and  b}'  groups 
of  individuals  here  and  there.  As  the  direct  result  of 
this  movement,  prohibitive  duties  on  the  importation 
of  slaves  were  imposed  by  Pennsylvania  in  1712,  and 
also  by  other  colonies  from  time  to  time.' 

Since  the  slave  trade  was  a  source  of  revenue  to 
British  merchants,  and  even  to  the  Crown,  legisla- 
tion against  it  was  distasteful  to  the  British  Govern- 
ment, and  objections  were  raised  on  accomit  of  the 
legislative  action  of  the  colonies.  The  governors  sent 
to  South  Carolina  in  17.56  and  1761  bore  instructions 
prohibiting  the  enactment  of  any  law  imposing  duties 
on  imported  negroes. 

By  1778  legislative  measures  prohibiting  the  slave 
trade  had  been  passed  by  all  of  the  New  England  and 
Middle  states,  and  by  ^Iaryland  and  Virginia ;  by  1798, 
similar  action  had  been  taken  by  every  other  state, 
although  the  trade  was  afterwards  revived  in  South 
Carolina. 

The  first  assumption  of  national  control  of  the  slave 
trade  came  in  1774,  when  the  Continental  Congress 
passed  a  resolution  to  aliolish  it.  In  1789  tlie  con- 
vention that  framed  the  Constitution  made  plans  for 
the  abolition  of  this  traffic  in  1808,  and  later  the  first 
day  of  1808  was  chosen  as  the  time  when  the  slave 
trade  should  become  illegal. 

The  first  action  against  the  ownership  of  slaves  was 
taken  by  Vermont.  In  its  Declaration  of  Rights,  in 
1777,  this  colony  declared  for  the  freedom  of  all  per- 
sons at  the  age  of  maturity ;  a  few  years  later  it  took  a 
more  definite  stand,  abolishing  slavery  outright.  By 
1783  slavery  had  been  prohibited  in  Massachu.setts 
and  New  Hampshire.  Gradual  emancipation  was  pro- 
vided for  in  acts  passed  by  Pennsylvania  in  1780  and 
by  Comiecticut  and  Rhode  Island  in  1784.  In  1787 
slavery  was  forbidden  in  the  Northwest  Territory  by 
congressional  legislation,  although  the  courts  held  that 
the  ordinance  did  not  free  the  slaves  already  held  in 
the  territory.  By  the  date  of  the  first  Federal  census 
laws  providing  for  the  extinction  of  slavery  had  been 
put  into  operation  in  all  states  north  of  Maryland, 
with  the  exception  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 

INDIANS. 

In  1790  the  Indian  had  ceased  to  be  a  factor  of  any 
consequence  in  the  affairs  of  the  states  enumerated 
at  the  First  Census.  The  Indians  living  in  the 
area  enumerated  consisted  of  a  few  scattered  rem- 
nants   of    once    powerful    tribes.     Frequent    conflicts 

'  In  some  colonies  the  duty  on  a  slave  brought  from  another 
colony  was  several  times  that  on  a  slave  imported  directly  from 
Africa  or  from  the  West  Indies;  the  impression  appears  to  have 
existed  that  slaves  were  sent  from  one  colony  to  another  because 
of  undesirable  qualities,  or  because  they  had  committed  crimes, 
and  that  the  colony  which  deported  them  was  taking  this  way  of 
ridding  itself  of  their  presence. 


LOCATION  OF  INDIAN  TRIBES:  1790. 


(The  heavy  line  marks  the  division  between  the  area 


tree  from  hostile  Indians  and  that  still  in  possession  of  Indians.! 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


39 


with  the  white  settlers,  and  the  adoption  of  all  of  the 
vices  and  few,  if  any,  of  the  virtues  of  the  newcomers 
upon  their  soil,  had  reduced  tiie  number  of  Indians 
east  of  the  Allegheny  mountains  to  a  few  thousands. 
Remnants  of  the  original  tribes  still  remained  in  4 
New  England  states,  and  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia,  and  South  Carolina;  but  in  most  instances — 
especially  in  New  England — they  were  rciluced  to 
small  villages  or  even  to  a  few  wanderers  (for  the  most 
part  half-breeds),  whose  numbers  may  be  accepted  as 
almost  a  negligible  quantity.  Only  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania—  upon  resers'ations  establisheil  in  those 
states — and  in  the  lands  to  the  west  of  the  frontier  settle- 
ments, were  the  Indians  still  sufficiently  numerous  to 
maintain  tribal  relations  or  to  occup}'  any  considerable 
extent  of  territory. 

From  time  to  time  futile  attempts  were  made  to 
civilize  and  educate  the  Indians  in  the  East.  Indeed, 
provision  was  made  for  their  education  at  Harvard 
University  early  in  its  history.  Several  Indians 
entered  that  institution,  but  nearly  all  of  them  died 
before  they  had  been  long  in  attendance. 

West  of  the  Alleghenys  the  white  man  had  estab- 
lished a  few  settlements,  cspeciallj^  in  Kentucky  and 
eastern  Tennessee;  but  for  the  most  part  the  country 
was  a  wilderness,  still  in  the  undisputed  possession  of 
Indian  tribes.  In  this  area  the  Indians  still  main- 
tained their  independence  and  a  considerable  strength 
in  numbers — sufficient,  indeed,  to  present  to  the 
officials  of  the  young  Republic  a  problem  of  some 
magnitude,  and  to  exercise  a  decidedU'  deterrent  effect 
upon  immigration.  But  since,  in  the  desultory  war- 
fare which  they  maintained  against  the  whites,  the 
Indians  were  the  principal  sufferers,  their  numbers 
were  constantly  diminishing. 

Onl}'  a  small  part  of  the  territory  occupied  bj'  white 
men  had  been  acquired  from  the  Indians  by  actual 
purchase.  In  the  early  history  of  the  colonies,  pur- 
chases of  land  from  the  Indians,  and  treaties  made 
with  them,  appear  to  have  resulted  from  a  desire  to 
obtain  immunity  from  the  uncertainties  of  Indian  war- 
fare and  depredation,  rather  than  from  any  recogni- 
tion of  the  right  of  the  Indians  to  the  soil  of  which  they 
were  being  deprived.  The  pioneer  settlers  habitually 
disregarded  Indian  treaties,  and  in  general  the  Indians 
derived  little  benefit  from  them;  even  where  purchases 
of  land  were  negotiated  by  treaty,  in  many  cases  this 
action  was  not  taken  until  after  the  land  had  been 
settled.  In  general,  the  Indian  had  received  but  small 
consideration  from  the  white  man  during  the  entire 
Colonial  period,  being  regarded  merely  as  a  dangerous 
incumbrance  upon  fair  regions  which  it  was  the  pur- 
pose of  the  white  man  to  occupy  as  speedily  as  his  num- 
bers permitted. 

In  1795,  shortly  after  the  Fir^t  Census,  in  an  attempt 
to  put  an  end  to  the  continued  warfare  with  the  Federal 
Government  and  doubtless  also  for  the  purpose  of 
encouraging  settlements  in  that  region.  General  Wayne 


negotiated  a  treaty  with  the  Indians  living  in  what 
was  then  called  the  Northwest  Territor\'.'  The  devel- 
opments resulting  from  this  policy  were  similar  to  what 
had  previously  occurred  east  of  the  Alleghenys — the 
Indians  retreated  step  by  step  before  the  advancing 
pioneers,  more  and  more  of  their  territorj'  was  occupied 
by  white  settlements,  and  their  numbers  were  con- 
stantly decreased  by  contact  with  the  whites  and  by 
warfare  among  themselves. 

Indians  in  the  UniUd  States  in  1790. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY 
TKIBG. 

AND 

.N'um- 
ber. 

Place  of  residence. 

Maine: 

PassamaQUoddy 

Near  the  waters  of  Passamaquoddy  bav. 

Penobscot 

""466' 

On  Penobscot  ri  verjrom  head  of  tide  water 
northward. 

Massachusplts: 

llerring  Pond 

1120 

Sandwich,  on  Cape  Cod,  59  miles  south  of 

Boston. 
Troy,   Bristol  county,  50  miles  south  of 

Boston. 
Marshpee,  on  Cape  Cod,  78  miles  southeast 

of  Boston. 
Marthas  Vineyard  Island. 

WampanoaK 

I2S0 

400 

Rhode  Island: 

Narragansett 

500 

CharlestowD,  40  miles  southwest  of  Provi- 
dence. 

Connecticut: 

fStonington,  southeast  comer  of  ConnecU- 

1    cut. 

iGroton,  adjoining  Stoninglon. 

(Between  Norwich  and  New  London. 

Mohegan  and  other  tribes. 

New  York: 

Montauk 

Montauk  Point,  east  end  of  Long  Island. 

Six  Nations  — 

Cayuga 

.100 

Reservation  of  1,000  square  miles  at  aorth- 
ern  end  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

Mohawk 

(=) 

Fort  Hunter,  on  Mohawk  river. 

Oneida 

700 

Oneida  reservation. 

Onondaga 

500 

Reservation  of  over  100  square  miles  OD 
f)nondaga  Lake. 

Seneca 

2.000 

Chietly  on  dene^ee  river:  also  a  town  on 
Bulialo  creek,  and  2  small  towns  ju  Alle- 

ghenv  river. 

Tuscarora^ 

400 

On  Tuscarora  or  Oneida  creek. 

Pennsvlvania: 

Delaware.   Munsee, 

and 

1,300 

On  north  branch  of  Susquehanna  river. 

So poo nee. 

Virginia: 

Mattaponi.      Nottaway, 

100 

Southampton   county,  southeastern   Vir* 

and  Pamunkey. 

ginia. 

Seneca 

150 

Two  towns  on  French  creek. 

South  Carolina: 

Catawba 

450 

At  Catawba,  on  Catawba  river,  on  the 

boundary  line  between  North  Carolina 

and  South  Carolina. 

Northwest  Territory: 

Chippewa 

Coasts  of  Lake  Superior. 
Northern  Ohio. 

Delaware.  Mohican 

and 

Wyandot. 

Illinois,  Kaskaskia, 

and 

Near  Kaskaskia  river,  Illinois. 

Peoria. 

Kickapoo 

Central  Illinois. 

Mascauten 

Neighborhoo<l  of  Piankashaws. 

Menomenee 



Around  Green  bay. 

Miami.    Wea,    and 

Eel 





Vicinity  of  Miami'river. 

River  Indians. 

Ottawa 

Southern  peninsula  of  Michigan. 

Wabash  nvcr  and  branches,  and  Illinois 

Piankashaw 

river. 

Potawatomi 

Soulhom  shores  of  Lake  Michigan. 

Sac  and  Fox 

Month  of  ^Visco^sin  river. 

Shawnw 



Southern  Ohio,  on  Sciotoriverand  a  branch 

of  the  Muskingum. 

Winnebago 

Around  Winnebago  bay. 

Wisconsin 

;;;;;;;; 

On  Wisconsin  river. 

Southwest  Territory:* 

Cherokee 

3.000 

Northern  Georgia  and  southern  Tennessee. 

Chickasaw 

Western  Tennessee. 

Choctaw 

Between  Alabama  and  Mississippi  rivers. 

Creek  nation 

*22.'666" 

Upper  Creek 

11.000 

}ll,000 

On  upper  waters  of  Alabama  river. 
(On  Apalachicola  river  and  its  two  branch- 
i    es-  the  Chattahoochee  and  the  Flint. 

Lower  Creek 

Seminole 

*  Hilf  were  of  mixed  blood. 

*  Only  atpoiit  40  or  50  were  pure  Indian. 
«  Only  one  family  in  the  United  Slates. 

« Migrated  from  North  Carolina  in  1T15,  and  adopted  by  the  Oneidas,  a  related 
tribe. 

'  Including  the  area  of  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 


'  The  Indian  tribes  with  whom  this  treaty  was  negotiated  were 
the  Wyundots,  Delaware^,  Shawnr-e.",  Ottawas,  Chippewas,  Pota- 
watomis,  Miamis,  Eel  River  Indians,  Weas,  Kickapoos,  Pianka- 
shaws, and  Kaskaskiaa. 


40 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


The  names  of  the  Indian  tribes  in  each  state  and 
territory  in  1790,  together  with  the  approximate  num- 
bers in  the  various  tribes,  so  far  as  they  can  be  deter- 
mined, arc  shown  in  the  hst  on  page  39. 

The  law  authorizing  the  first  Federal  census  made  no 
provision  for  the  enumeration  of  any  Indians  except 
those  who  were  taxed;  and  there  were  probably  but 
few  who  were  included  in  that  category.  The  best  in- 
formation available  concerning  the  number  of  Indians 
within  the  United  States  in  1790  is  the  estimate  of 
Gen.  Henry  Kjiox,  Secretary  of  War  under  President 
Washington,  who  placed  the  total  Indian  population  in 
1789  at  76,000.  Of  this  number  he  located  20,000 
between  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Ohio  river,  and 
56,000  south  of  the  Ohio  and  east  of  the  Mississippi. 
The  warriors — or  gun  men,  as  they  were  termed  at  that 
time — were  assumed  to  represent  one-fourth  of  the 
total  Indian  population. 

The  following  paragraphs  present,  for  some  of  the 
states  and  territories,  facts  which  are  of  interest  but 
could  not  readily  be  incorporated  in  the  foregoing  list : 

Maine. — The  Provincial  Congress  of  Massachusetts 
had  reserved  to  the  Penobscot  tribe  a  tract  of  land  12 
miles  wide,  intersected  by  the  Penobscot  river.  The 
tribe,  numbering  about  100  families,  was  settled  along 
the  banks  of  the  river  from  the  head  of  tide  water 
northward.  Their  principal  town  was  Indian  Old 
Town,  situated  on  an  island  of  about  200  acres  in  the 
Penobscot  river,  12  miles  north  of  Bangor.  It  is  prob- 
able that  the  vast  wilderness  in  that  part  of  Maine 
north  and  west  of  the  narrow  inhabited  strip  along  the 
coast  supported  numbers  of  Indians,  many  of  whom 
doubtless  roamed  at  will  across  the  Canadian  border, 
as  whim  or  scarcity  of  food  determined. 

Massachusetts. — In  this  state  there  were  still  a  few 
hundred  Indians.  Along  the  coast  of  Cape  Cod  they 
remained,  notwithstanding  their  small  numbers,  in 
comparatively  undisturbed  possession  of  considerable 
areas. 

New  York. — From  the  Mohawk  valley  westward, 
some  remnants  remained  of  the  once  powerful  Six 
Nations  of  the  Iroquois.  The  state  authorities  of  New 
York  had  made  treaties  with  these  Indians,  and  had 
reserved  to  them  certain  restricted  areas.  The  Oneidas 
were  located  on  Oneida  creek,  21  miles  west  of  Fort 
Stanwix;  with  them  resided  the  remnants  of  the  Tus- 
caroras  and  Mohegans.  Most  of  the  Senecas  dwelt 
along  the  Genesee  river.  One  family  only  of  the 
Mohawks  was  known  to  be  living  in  New  York  in  1790, 
the  remainder  of  the  tribe  having  migrated  to  Canada. 
The  Onondagas  were  located  on  Onondaga  Lake,  the 
Cayugas  on  Cayuga  Lake,  while  the  Delawares,  like 
the  Mohawks,  were  practically  extinct  in  this  state. 

New  Jersey. — In  this  state  there  were  probably  not 
more  than  one  hundred  Intlians  all  told.  About  half 
of  these  were  located  on  a  state  reservation  at  Eve- 
sham, called  "Brotherton;"  the  remainder  were  scat- 


tered through  the  state,  many  of  them  being  held  as 
slaves.  In  1801  the  Brotherton  Indians  were  invited 
by  the  Mohegans  to  locate  with  them  at  Stockbridge, 
near  Oneida  Lake,  New  York,  and  the  invitation  was 
accepted.' 

Pennsylvania. — In  addition  to  the  remnants  of  three 
tribes  living  on  the  north  branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
river,  there  were  probably  roving  bands  from  the  Iro- 
quois tribes  in  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  state. 

South  Carolina. — The  Catawbas,  descendants  of  a 
once  powerful  tribe,  had  become  degenerate  from  con- 
tact and  association  with  the  whites.  They  owned  a 
tract  15  miles  square,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Ca- 
tawba river;  a  part  of  this  land  they  had  leased  to  the 
whites  for  a  period  of  ninety-nine  years. 

Northwest  Territory. — W.  Winterbotham,  in  a  "View 
of  the  United  States  of  America"  (1796),  estimated  the 
number  of  Indians  in  this  territory  in  1792  at  65,000. 
The  tribes  inhabiting  the  territory  he  enumerated  as 
"the  Piantias,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mississippi;  the 
Casquerasquias,  on  the  Illinois;  the  Piankashaws  and 
other  tribes,  on  the  Wabash;  the  Shawanese,  on  the 
Scioto;  the  Delawares,  the  Miamis,  the  Ouiscons,  Mas- 
coutens,  Sakies,  Sioux,  Mekekonakis,  Pilans,  Powto- 
watamis,  Messaques,  Ottawas,  Chipewas,  and  Wian- 
dots." 

Incited  by  the  British  and  French  on  the  north,  these 
Indians  kept  up  almost  continual  warfare  against  the 
settlers.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  Wabash  were  several 
warlike  tribes  which  made  frequent  incursions  across 
the  Ohio  into  Kentucky,  killing  cattle  and  horses  and 
murdering  the  inhabitants;  by  their  hostile  attitude 
these  Indians  deflected  southward,  to  the  valley  of 
the  Ohio  and  especially  to  Kentucky,  the  stream  of 
migration  from  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  to  the 
West. 

Southwest  Territory  {including  area  of  Alabama  and 
Mississippi). — As  already  stated,  the  tribes  of  greatest 
numerical  importance  in  1790  inhabited  the  southern 
and  southwestern  portion  of  the  Republic.  Among 
these  were  the  Creeks,  Cherokees,  Choctaws,  and  Chick- 
asaws. 

The  Upper  Creeks  dwelt  principally  on  the  upper 
waters  of  the  Alabama  and  the  Lower  Creeks  on  the 
Apalachicola  and  on  its  two  branches,  the  Chatta- 
hoochee and  the  Flint ;  the  Seminoles,  a  branch  of  the 
Lower  Creeks,  extended  into  Florida.  In  1789  the 
number  of  warriors  in  the  whole  Creek  nation  was 
estimated  not  to  exceed  4,500,  and  the  number  of 
women,  children,  and  old  men  18,000;  the  Lower 
Creeks  were  rather  more  numerous  than  the  related 
Seminole  tribe,  and  these  two  together  about  equaled 
the  Upper  Creeks  in  number.  The  towns  or  sub- 
tribes  of  the  Creeks,  including  both  divisions  of  the 
nation,  were  about  eighty  in  number,  but  difi"ered 
widely  in  population  and  importance.     A  few  towns, 

'  WilUam  Nelson:  Indians  of  New  Jersey,  pages  118  and  119. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


41 


called  "mother  towns,"  had  the  principal  direction  of 
atrnirs. 

Thouj;h  the  Creeks  were  in  a  great  measure  hunters, 
they  possessed  cattle,  horses,  and  a  few  slaves,  culti- 
vated some  Indian  corn  and  potatoes,  and  in  some 
instances  had  introduced  tlie  plow.  Being  nearer  to 
the  settlers  in  the  Southern  states  than  any  other  tribe, 
they  had  awakened  to  the  value  of  their  lanils,  and 
under  the  leadership  of  a  shrewd  half-breed,  iUexander 
McGillivray,  they  kept  up  a  fitful  war  against  the 
advance  of  the  settlers.  On  August  7,  1790,  they  con- 
cluded a  treaty  with  the  United  States  which  clearly 
defined  the  boundary  of  the  Indian  lands,  beyond 
which  the  white  settlers  should  not  pass.  Article  G  of 
this  treaty  reads: 

If  any  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  other  person,  not  being  an 
Indian,  shall  attempt  to  settle  on  any  of  the  Creeks'  land,  such  per- 
son shall  forfeit  the  protection  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Creeks 
may  punish  him  or  not,  as  they  please. 


North  of  the  Creeks  were  the  Cherokees.  They 
were  located  principally  on  the  headwaters  of  the 
Tennessee  river,  but  their  hunting  grounds  extended 
from  the  Cumberland  river  along  the  frontiers  of 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  part 
of  Georgia.  Commissioners  sent  to  treat  with  them 
in  1785  estimated  that  they  could  muster  2,000 
warriors.  In  17S9  the  number  had  decreased  to 
about  600,  undoubtedly  as  a  result  of  wars  with  the 
whites. 

West  of  the  Creeks,  and  within  the  confines  of  the 
present  state  of  Mississippi,  was  the  populous  nation  of 
the  Choctaws.  Being  far  removed  from  the  settle- 
ments on  the  Atlantic,  they  were  of  little  concern  to  the 
white  inhabitants.  In  1789  they  were  estimated  to 
number  about  15,000,  as  compared  with  nearly  30,000 
a  few  years  earlier. 

The  Chickasaws,  in  western  Tennessee,  numbered 
about  3,500. 


III.    THE   FIRST   CENSUS  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 

THE  FIRST  CENSUS  ACT— DEBATES  IN  THE  CONGRESS— PRO- 
VISIONS  OF  THE  ACT— EXECUTION  OF  THE  LAW— THE  ENU- 
MERATION—THE RETURNS— THE  ENUMERATORS'  SCHEDULES. 


The  provision  under  which  the  Federal  census  is 
taken  is  contained  in  Article  I,  section  2,  of  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  which  directs  that — 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the 
several  states  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union  according 
to  their  respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding 
to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to 
eervice  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three- 
fifths  of  all  other  persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made 
within  three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent  term  of  ten  years,  in 
Buch  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct. 

The  debates  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  do  not 
afford  any  evidence  that  the  scope  of  the  census  was 
seriously  considered.  There  is  reason  to  believe,  how- 
ever, that  many  members  of  the  convention  had  in 
mind  more  than  a  mere  count  of  the  mhabitants.  Sev- 
eral of  them  contended  that  representatives  and  direct 
taxes  should  be  apportioned  according  to  wealth  as 
well  as  population.  Mr.  Ellsworth  introduced  a  mo- 
tion "that  the  rule  of  contribution  by  direct  taxation, 
for  the  support  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  the  number  of  white  inliabitants,  and 
three-fifths  of  every  other  description  in  the  several 
states,  until  some  other  rule,  that  shall  more  accu- 
rately ascertain  the  wealth  of  the  several  states,  can 
be  devised  and  adopted  by  the  legislature."  ■  Mr. 
WUliamson  introduced  a  motion  "that,  in  order  to 
ascertain  the  alterations  that  may  happen  in  the  pop- 
ulation and  wealth  of  the  several  states,  a  census  shall 
be  taken  of  the  free  white  inhabitants,  and  three-fifths 
of  those  of  other  descriptions,"  etc- 

THE    FIRST    CENSUS    ACT. 

The  provision  of  the  Constitution  quoted  above  does 
not  clearly  define  the  scope  of  the  census,  and  the 
question  whether  it  is  restrictive — that  is,  whether  the 
words  "actual  enumeration"  apply  exclusively  to  the 
objects  mentioned — has  never  been  considered  judi- 
cially. But  the  provision  has  often  been  interpreted 
as  restrictive,  and  the  question  has  been  raised  whether 
Congress  has  not  transcended  its  constitutional  pow- 

'  The  Madison  Papers,  page  1082. 

-Elliott's  Debates  on  the  Federal  Constitution,  vol.  5,  page  295. 

(42) 


ers  in  authorizing  purely  statistical  inquiries  other  than 
those  for  the  single  purpose  of  apportioning  repre- 
sentatives and  direct  taxes.^  In  this  connection  the 
debates  in  Congress  on  the  bill  providing  for  the  First 
Census  are  of  especial  interest. 

On  May  18,  1789,  soon  after  the  convening  of  the 
First  Congress,  a  committee  was  appointed  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  to  prepare  and  bring  in  a 
bill  providing  for  the  "actual  enumeration  of  tiie  in- 
habitants of  the  United  States,  in  conformity  with  the 
Constitution;"  this  committee  never  reported.  On 
January  11,  1790,  another  committee,  consisting  of 
ten  members  (one  from  each  state),  was  appointed  for 
the  same  purpose;  it  reported  a  bill  on  Januaty  19. 

The  House  debates  on  this  bill  are  reported  in  the 
Annals  of  Congress,  First  Congress,  second  session. 
From  Mr.  Madison's  remarks  it  is  evident  that  the 
schedule  reported  by  the  committee  provided  for  only 
a  bare  enumeration  ot  the  inhabitants. 

Mr.  Madison  observed  that  they  had  now  an  opportunity  of  ob- 
taining the  most  useful  information  for  those  who  should  hereafter 
be  called  upon  to  legislate  for  their  country,  if  this  bill  was  extended 
so  as  to  embrace  some  other  objects  besides  the  bare  enumeration  of 
the  inhabitants;  it  would  enable  them  to  adapt  the  public  meas- 
ures to  the  particular  circumstances  of  the  community.  In  order 
to  know  the  various  interests  of  the  United  States,  it  was  necessary 
that  the  description  of  the  several  classes  into  which  the  community 
is  divided  should  be  accurately  known.  On  this  knowledge  the 
legislature  might  proceed  to  make  proper  provision  for  the  agricul- 
tural, commercial,  and  manufacturing  interests,  but  without  it  they 
could  never  make  their  provisions  in  due  proportion. 

This  kind  of  information,  he  observed,  all  legislatures  had  wished 
for,  but  this  kind  of  information  had  never  been  obtained  in  any 
country.  He  wished,  therefore,  to  avail  himself  of  the  present 
opportunity  of  accomplishing  so  valuable  a  purpose.  If  the  plan 
was  pursued  in  taking  every  future  census,  it  would  give  them  an 
opportunity  of  marking  the  progress  of  the  society  and  distinguish- 
ing the  growth  of  every  interest.  This  would  furnish  ground  for 
many  useful  calculations,  and  at  the  same  time  answer  the  purpose 
of  a  check  on  the  officers  who  were  employed  to  make  the  enumera- 
tion, for  as  much  as  the  aggregate  number  is  divisible  into  parts, 
any  imposition  might  be  discovered  with  proportionable  ease.  If 
these  ideas  meet  the  approbation  of  the  House,  he  hoped  they  would 
pass  over  the  schedule  in  the  second  clause  of  the  bill,  and  he 
would  endeavor  to  prepare  something  to  accomplish  this  object. 

The  House  granted  Mr.  Madison's  request,  and  he 
formulated  a  more  elaborate  schedule.     Just  what  his 

'  Encyclopaedia  Brittanica,  vol.  5,  page  339. 


THE  FIRST  CENSUS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


43 


plan  was  in  detail  is  not  stated  in  tlie  Annals  of  Con- 
gress, but  tlie  issue  of  the  Bostoi^  Gazette  and  the 
Country  Journal  for  February  8,  1790,  in  its  report  of 
the  proceedings  of  Congress,  contains  the  following: 

Mr.  Madison  proposed  tho  following  as  the  form  of  ageneral  sched- 
ule, iu  lieu  of  that  in  the  bill,  viz: 

Free  white  males  under  16. 

Free  white  males  above  16. 

White  females. 

Free  blacks. 

.Slaves. 

He  then  proposed  that  a  particular  schedule  should  likewise  be 
included  in  the  bill,  .specifyin;.?  the  number  of  persons  employed  in 
the  various  arts  and  professions  carried  on  in  the  United  States. 

When  the  bill  again  came  up  for  discussion,  on  Feb- 
ruary 2 — 

Mr.  Livermore  apprehended  this  (Madison's)  plan  was  too  exten- 
sive to  be  carried  into  operation  and  divided  the  people  into  classes 
too  minute  to  be  readily  ascertained.  For  example,  many  inhabit- 
ants of  New  Hampshire  pursued  two,  three,  or  four  occupations, 
but  which  was  the  |)riucipal  one  depended  upon  the  season  of  the 
year  or  some  other  adventitious  circumstance;  some  followed  weav- 
ing in  the  spring  and  summer,  but  the  making  of  shoes  was  the  most 
predominant  in  the  fall  and  winter;  under  what  class  are  these  peo- 
ple to  be  thrown,  especially  if  they  joined  husbandry  and  carpen- 
ter's work  to  the  rest?  He  was  confident  the  distinction  which  the 
gentlemen  wished  to  make  could  not  be  performed.  He  was  there- 
fore against  adding  additional  labor,  and  consequently  incurring 
additional  expense,  whether  the  work  was  executed  or  not.  Besides 
this,  he  apprehended  that  it  would  excite  the  jealousy  of  the  people; 
they  would  suspect  that  the  Government  was  too  particular,  in  order 
to  learn  their  ability  to  bear  the  burden  of  direct  or  other  taxes, 
and  under  this  idea  they  may  refuse  to  give  the  officer  such  a  par- 
ticular account  as  the  law  requires,  by  which  means  you  expose 
him  to  great  inconvenience  and  delay  in  the  performance  of  his 
duty.    «    »    » 

Mr.  Page  thought  this  particular  method  of  describing  the  people 
would  occasion  alarm  among  them;  they  would  suppose  the  Gov- 
ernment intended  something,  by  putting  the  Union  to  this  addi- 
tional expense,  besides  gratifying  an  idle  curiosity;  their  purposes 
can  not  be  supposed  the  same  as  the  historian's  or  philosopher's— 
they  are  statesmen,  and  all  their  measures  are  suspected  of  policy. 
If  he  had  not  heard  the  object  so  well  explained  on  this  floor,  as  one 
of  the  people,  he  might  have  been  jealous  of  the  attempt,  as  it 
could  serve  no  real  purpose,  for,  he  contended,  if  they  were  now 
acquainted  with  the  minutiae  they  would  not  be  benefited  by  it. 
He  hoped  the  business  would  be  accomplished  in  some  other 
way.    »    *    » 

.Mr.  Madison  thought  it  was  more  likely  that  the  people  would 
suppose  the  information  was  required  for  its  true  object,  namely, 
to  know  in  what  proportion  to  distribute  the  benefits  resulting  from 
an  elBcient  General  Government. 

It  is  signilicant  that  in  the  discussion  of  Madison's 
schedule  there  is  no  suggestion  recorded  in  the  Annals 
of  Congress  that  it  was  unconstitutional ;  but  the  Bos- 
ton newspaper  quoted  above  has  this  paragraph: 

Mr.  White  said  that  the'  he  should  be  pleased  with  obtaining  an 
enumeration  on  the  gentleman's  plan,  he  rather  supposed  that  Con- 
gress is  not  authorized  by  the  Constitution  to  call  for  so  particular 
an  account.  The  Constitution  refers  only  to  a  census  for  the  more 
perfectly  equalizing  the  representation. 

This  objection  had  apparently  little  weight,  and  the 
bill  passed  with  Madison's  schedule  and  all  of  his 
amendments. 


In  the  Senate  the  provision  for  ascertaining  the 
occupations  of  the  people  was  rejected — on  what 
grounds  is  not  known,  for  the  debates  of  that  body 
at  that  time  were  behind  closed  doors. 

In  the  debate  in  the  House  with  regard  to  the  time 
to  be  all(jwed  for  completing  the  enumeration,  six, 
four,  and  three  months  were  proposed.  Mr.  Sedgwick, 
of  Massachusetts,  believed  that  since  so  long  a  time 
was  to  elapse  before  the  assistants  were  to  enter  upon 
their  duties  the  work  of  preparation  should  be  com- 
jileted  in  two  or  three  months,  and  possibly  one  month 
would  be  sullicient.  It  was  argued  that  the  longer 
the  time  allowed  the  less  accurate  would  be  the  returns. 

Mr.  Madison  observed  that  the  situation  of  the  several  states  was 
so  various  that  the  difficulty  of  adopting  a  plan  for  effecting  the 
business  upon  terms  that  would  give  general  satisfaction  could  only 
be  obviated  by  allowing  sufficient  time.  Some  of  the  states  have 
been  accustomed  to  take  the  enumeration  of  their  citizens;  others 
have  never  done  it  at  all.  To  the  former  the  business  will  be  easy, 
and  may  be  completed  within  the  shortest  jjeriod;  in  the  others  it 
will  be  attended  with  unforeseen  difficulties. 

Six  months  was  agreed  upon  by  the  House,  but  in 
the  Senate  this  was  changed  to  nine  months.  The  bill 
passed  the  Senate  on  February  22  and  was  approved 
by  the  President  on  March  1,  1790. 

Provisions  of  the  act. — By  the  First  Census  act  the 
marshals  of  the  several  judicial  districts  of  the  United 
States  were  authorized  and  required  to  cause  the  num- 
ber of  the  inhabitants  within  their  respective  districts 
to  be  taken,  "omitting  Indians  not  taxed,  and  distin- 
guishing free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service 
for  a  term  of  years,  from  all  others;  distinguishing  also 
the  sexes  and  colors  of  free  persons,  and  the  free  males 
of  16  years  and  upward  from  those  under  that  age." 
The  inquiries  regarding  the  color  of  free  persons,  the 
sex  of  the  whites,  and  the  sejjaration  of  white  males 
into  those  above  and  those  below  16  3'ears  of  age  were 
outside  of  the  constitutional  requirement  of  the 
enumeration,  and  reflect  the  efforts  of  Madison  to 
obtain  a  comprehensive  census.  The  last  inquiry  was 
undoubtedly  instituted  for  the  purpo.se  of  ascertaining 
the  industrial  and  military  strength  of  the  country. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  enumeration,  which  was  to 
be  commenced  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  1790, 
and  completctl  within  nine  calendar  months,  the  mar- 
shals were  empowered  to  appoint  within  their  respec- 
tive districts  as  many  assistants  or  enumerators  as 
should  appear  to  them  necessary,  assigning  to  each 
a  certain  division  of  his  district,  which  "shall  consist 
of  one  or  more  counties,  cities,  towns,  townships, 
hundreds,  or  parishes,  or  of  a  territory  ])iainly  and 
distinctly  bounded  by  water  courses,  mountains,  or 
public  roads." 

In  the  case  of  Rhode  Island  and  Vermont  subsefjuent 

legislation  was  had  July  5,  1790,  and  March  2,  1791, 

respectively,  by  which  the  terms  of  the  act  providing 

for  the  first  eniuneration  were  extended  to  these  two 

I  districts.     The  enumeration  in  Vermont  was  to  com- 


44 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


mence  on  the  first  Monday  in  April,  1791,  and  to  close 
within  five  calendar  months  thereafter.  By  an  act  of 
November  8,  1791,  the  time  for  the  completion  of  the 
census  in  South  Carolina  was  extended  to  March  1, 
1792. 

Before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties, 
the  marshals  and  assistant  marshals  were  required  to 
take  an  oath  to  cause  to  be  made,  or  to  make,  as  the 
case  might  be,  "a  just  and  perfect  enumeration  and 
description  of  all  persons"  residing  within  their 
several  districts. 

For  the  purpose  of  settling  all  doubts  wliich  might 
arise  respecting  the  persons  to  be  retui-ned  and  the 
manner  of  making  the  returns,  it  was  provided  that 
every  person  whose  usual  place  of  abode  was  in  any 
family  on  the  aforesaid  first  Monday  in  August 
should  be  returned  as  in  such  family ;  that  any  person 
without  any  "usual  place  of  abode"  was  to  be  enu- 
merated in  the  district  in  which  he  was  on  the  first 
Monday  in  August;  and  that  any  person  who  at  the 
time  of  the  enumeration  was  temporarily  absent  from 
his  usual  place  of  abode  should  be  returned  as  belong- 
ing to  that  place  in  wliich  he  usually  resided.  The  act 
further  provided  that  every  person  16  years  of  age  and 
over  who  refused  or  failed  to  render  a  true  account 
when  required  by  the  enumerator  to  answer  questions 
in  contemplation  of  the  act,  was  liable  to  a  fine  of  S20. 
Penalties  were  prescribed  also  for  the  failure  of  an 
enumerator  or  marshal  to  comply  with  the  provisions 
of  the  act. 

The  amount  of  compensation  prescribed  for  the  mar- 
shals of  the  districts  varied  from  $100to$500,as  follows : 

$100— Rhode  Island,  Delaware. 
200 — Maine,    New    Hampshire,    Vermont,    Connecticut,    New 

Jersey. 
300 — Massachusetts,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  South 

Carolina. 
350— North  Carolina. 
500 — Virginia. 

The  rate  of  compensation  allowed  the  assistants 
was  $1  for  every  300  persons  in  cities  and  towns  con- 
taining more  than  5,000  persons,  and  $1  for  every  150 
persons  in  country  districts;  but  in  those  districts 
where,  "from  the  dispersed  situation  of  the  inhabit- 
ants," $1  for  150  persons  should  seem  inadequate,  the 
marshals  were  authorized,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
judges  of  their  respective  districts,  to  increase  the  com- 
pensation to  $1  for  not  less  than  50  persons  returned. 

One  of  the  peculiar  provisions  of  the  law,  worthy  of 
notice,  was  that  each  assistant,  before  making  his 
return  to  the  marshal,  was  required  to  "cause  a  cor- 
rect copy,  signed  by  himself,  of  the  schedule  containing 
the  number  of  inhabitants  within  his  division  to  be 
set  up  at  two  of  the  most  public  places  within  the 
same,  there  to  remain  for  the  inspection  of  all  con- 
cerned," for  which  work,  upon  satisfactory  proof,  he 
was  entitled  to  receive  $4. 

Each  assistant  was  required  to  make  his  returns  to 
his  marshal  within  the  allotted  time,   on  a  properly 


ruled  schedule  "distinguishing  the  several  families  by 
the  names  of  their  master,  mistress,  steward,  overseer, 
or  other  principal  person  therein,"  and  showing  for 
each  family  the  number  of  free  white  males  16  years 
and  upward,  including  heads  of  families,  free  white 
males  under  16  years,  free  white  females,  including 
heads  of  families,  all  other  free  persons,  and  slaves. 

The  marshals  were  required  to  transmit  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  on  or  before  September 
1,  1791,  "the  aggregate  amount  of  each  description  of 
persons  within  their  respective  districts,"  and  to  fiJe 
the  original  returns  of  their  assistants  with  the  clerks 
of  their  respective  district  courts,  "who  are  hereby 
directed  to  receive  and  carefully  preserve  the  same." 
The  total  cost  of  the  First  Census  was  $44,377.28. 

EXECUTION    OF   THE    LAW. 

Upon  the  President,  whose  duties  at  that  period 
included  active  supervision  of  all  the  routine  affairs 
of  government,  devolved  the  task  of  making  the 
first  enumeration.  Just  what  method  he  followed 
in  putting  the  First  Census  law  into  operation  is  not 
definitely  known.  It  is  generally  supposed  that  he 
or  the  Secretary  of  State  dispatched  copies  of  the  law 
to  the  different  marshals,  with  orders  to  take  the  cen- 
sus; but  a  search  of  the  correspondence  files  of  the 
State  Department,  made  to  ascertain  whether  this 
theory  could  be  substantiated,  did  not  reveal  any 
record  of  correspondence  with  the  marshals  for  1790 
other  than  that  in  connection  with  the  transmission 
of  their  commissions. 

It  has  been  suggested  by  some  writers  that  the  mar- 
shals may  have  received  their  instructions  through  the 
governors  of  the  several  states.  During  the  early 
years  of  the  country's  history  it  was  customary  to 
transmit  to  the  governor  of  each  state,  to  be  commu- 
nicated to  the  legislature,  copies  of  all  important 
Federal  laws.  In  the  files  of  the  State  Department 
there  is  a  record  that  in  March,  1 790,  a  circular  letter 
containing  two  copies  of  the  census  act  was  sent  to 
the  governors  of  the  several  states,  and  it  has  been 
suggested  that  this  letter  may  have  contained  direc- 
tions to  the  governors  to  issue  instructions  to  the  mar- 
shals; but  the  fact  that  no  such  instructions  are  in- 
cluded in  the  list  of  inclosures  given  in  the  following 
copy  of  this  letter,  which  was  pubhshed  in  the  Arcliives 
of  Pennsylvania,'  seems  inconsistent  with  this  theory: 

Office  of  Secretary  of  State, 

March  31st,  1790. 
Sir: 

I  have  the  honor  to  send  you,  herewith  enclosed,  two  copies,  duly 
authenticated,  of  the  Act  providing  for  the  enumeration  of  the  In- 
habitants of  the  United  States;  also  of  the  Act  to  establish  an  uni- 
form rule  of  naturalization ;  also  of  the  Act  making  appropriations  for 
the  support  of  the  Government  for  the  year  1790,  and  of  being,  with 
sentiments  of  the  most  perfect  respect. 

Your  Excellency's  most  obed't  &  most  h'ble  servant, 

TH.  JEFFERSON, 
flits  Excellency  The  President  of  Pennsylvania. 

■Vol.  II,  page  679. 


THE  FIRST  CENSUS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


45 


This  letter  does  not  conclusively  disprove  the  theor}', 
for  other  letters  containing  the  instructions  may  have 
been  sent  to  the  governors;  but  all  of  the  important 
correspondence  of  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania  for 
the  year  1790  is  apparently  pubhshed  in  the  Archives, 
and  although  otiicr  letters  from  Jefferson  are  included, 
in  none  is  the  subject  of  the  census  mentioned.  In 
short,  there  is  little  reason  to  doubt  that  the  Federal 
Government  dealt  directly  with  Federal  representa- 
tives in  the  several  states  and  territories. 

The  First  Census  law  omitted  to  make  provision  for 
an  enumeration  of  the  inhabitants  in  the  Northwest 
and  Southwest  territories.  There  is  no  record  of  any 
enumeration  of  the  Northwest  Territory  in  1790.  At 
that  time  the  governor  was  actively  engaged  in  Indian 
warfare,  and  doubtless  it  was  impossible  for  him  to 
undertake  a  census.  At  any  rate,  so  far  as  is  known 
there  was  no  correspondence  between  Secretary  Jef- 
ferson and  Governor  St.  Clair  relative  to  the  subject. 

In  the  case  of  the  Southwest  Territory,  which  was 
fast  being  settled,  it  seems  to  have  occurred  to  Secre- 
tary Jefferson,  as  an  afterthought,  that  an  enumeration 
of  the  inhabitants  would  be  of  value,  and  he  accord- 
ingly sent  the  following  letter  to  Governor  Blount: 

Philadelphia,  March  12,  1791. 
Sir: 

I  am  honored  with  your  favor  of  February  17,  as  I  had  been 
before  with  that  of  November  26,  both  of  which  have  been  laid 
before  the  President. 

Within  a  few  days  the  printing  of  the  laws  of  the  3d.  session  of 
Congress  will  be  completed,  and  they  shall  be  forwarded  to  you  as 
Boon  as  they  are  eo. 

As  the  census  of  all  the  rc't  of  the  Union  will  be  taken  in  the 
course  of  this  summer,  and  will  not  be  taken  again  under  ten  years, 
it  is  thought  extremely  desirable  that  that  of  your  Government 
should  be  taken  also,  and  arranged  under  the  same  classes  as  pre- 
scribed by  the  Act  of  Congress  for  the  general  census.  Yet  that  act 
has  not  required  it  in  your  Territory,  nor  provided  for  any  expense 
which  might  attend  it.  As,  however,  you  have  Sheriffs  who  will 
be  traversing  their  Districts  for  other  purposes,  it  is  referred  to  you 
whether  the  taking  of  the  census  on  the  general  plan,  could  not  be 
added  to  their  other  dutie?,  and  as  it  would  give  scarcely  any  addi- 
tional trouble,  whether  it  would  require  any  additional  reward,  or 
more  than  some  incidental  accommodation  or  advantage,  which, 
perhaps,  it  might  be  in  your  power  to  throw  in  their  way.  The 
returns  by  the  Sheriffs  should  be  regularly  authenticated  first  by 
themselves,  and  then  by  you,  and  the  whole  sent  here  as  early  in 
the  course  of  the  summer  as  practicable.  I  have  the  honor  to  be 
with  great  esteem  and  respect,  Sir,  &c 

TH.  JEFFERSON. 

As  there  was  no  marshal  for  this  territory,  for  the 
purpose  of  this  enumeration  Governor  Blount  was 
virtually  both  governor  and  marshal.  Hence  this 
letter  can  hardly  be  acceptetl  as  tlirowing  any  light 
on  the  question  whether  the  marshals  received  their 
instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  State  or  from  the 
state  governors. 

The  suggestion  has  been  advanced  that  the  First 
Census  act  was  considered  sclf-explanatorj'.  The 
above  letter  affords  no  evidence  that  Governor  Blount 
received  any  instructions  regarding  the  enumeration 


other  than  those  contained  in  the  census  act.  It  is 
probable  that  the  marshals  and  assistant  marshals 
were  allowed  to  interpret  the  act  for  themselves.  The 
form  of  the  returns  and  of  the  marshals'  summaries 
is  all  l)ut  conclusive  on  this  point,  since  there  is  no 
uniformity  among  them.  The  census  act  indicated 
the  form  of  schedule  which  should  be  used  by  the 
enumerators,  and  so  far  as  known  all  the  returns  were 
made  in  accordance  with  this  form,  except  those  for 
Maine  and  the  Southwest  Territory.  It  also  instructed 
the  marshal  to  show  in  his  summary  the  aggregate 
number  of  each  description  of  persons  within  his  dis- 
trict, but  it  did  not  indicate  what  subdivisions  of  the 
district  should  be  made.  Some  of  the  returns  give 
only  the  information  required  b}'  the  census  act,  while 
others  give  much  additional  information,  such  as  the 
number  of  houses  and  of  families,  the  excess  of  males 
or  of  females,  and  the  population  of  towns,  townships, 
and  principal  places. 

The  enumeration. — The  emmicration  was  ordered  to 
commence  on  August  2,  1790,  and  to  close  within  nine 
calendar  months.  The  census  law  did  not  require, 
however,  that  the  enumerators  should  prosecute  their 
work  continuously  to  completion.  Tlie  dates  upon 
which  the  assistants  swore  to  their  returns  indicate 
that  many  must  have  worked  intermittently;  some  of 
the  returns  were  attested  only  a  few  weeks  after 
August  2,  bi\t  the  majority  bear  dates  several  months 
later. 

Although  the  area  enumerated  at  the  census  of 
1790  was  only  a  fraction  of  the  area  of  enumeration  at 
the  present  time,  it  presented  serious  difficulties  for 
the  enumerator.  The  boundaries  of  towns  and  other 
minor  civil  divisions,  and  in  some  cases  of  counties, 
were  ill  defined,  so  that  the  enumerator  must  often 
have  been  uncertain  whether  a  family  resided  in  his 
district  or  in  an  adjoining  district.  This  condition 
existed  particularly  in  the  newly  settled  portions  of 
the  count  IT,  where  the  local  government  had  not  been 
fidly  organized.  In  man)-  sections  the  danger  from 
hostile  Indians  doubtless  made  travel  unsafe  for  the 
enumerator. 

The  pay  allowed  the  enumerator  for  his  work  was 
very  small,  the  highest  rate  imder  any  conditions  be- 
ing only  -SI  for  50  persons,  out  of  which  tiie  enumerator 
had  to  furnish  schedules  properh"  ruled.  In  some 
cases  this  was  barely  enough  to  pay  the  expenses  of 
the  enumerator,  and  in  at  least  one  state  the  marshal 
had  difficulty  in  getting  enumerators  at  the  estab- 
lished rates  of  paj'.  Under  these  circumstances,  it 
is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  manj'  of  the  isolated 
househokls  of  pioneers  were  not  enumerated. 

One  difficulty  encountered  by  the  enumerators  in 
certain  sections  of  the  country  was  the  unwillingness 
of  the  people  to  give  the  information  required.  Many 
persons  had  never  before  been  enumerated.  Some 
were  superstitious  regarding  a  census.  An  early 
colonial  enumeration  in  New  York  had  been  followed 


46 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


by  much  sickness;  and  the  people,  recalling  that  a 
similar  experience  had  befallen  the  children  of  Israel 
as  the  result  of  an  enumeration  made  b.y  King  David, 
ascribed  this  sickness  directly  to  the  census.  But  a 
very  much  more  patent  factor  in  arousing  opposi- 
tion to  the  enumeration  was  the  belief  that  the  census 
was  in  some  way  connected  with  taxation. 

As  predicted  in  the  debate  which  preceded  the  adop- 
tion of  the  census  act  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
the  enumeration  proceeded  more  rapidly  in  those 
states  which  had  already  taken  a  census  than  in  those 
which  had  not.  Samuel  Bradford,  the  enumerator 
for  the  city  of  Boston  and  some  outlying  districts, 
began  work  on  August  2,  1790,  and  on  August  21  had 
completed  the  enumeration  of  the  city.  His  note- 
book shows  that  the  work  required  seventeen  working 
days,  and  that  he  enumerated  on  an  average  more  than 
one  thousand  persons  per  day.  As  his  compensation 
was  $1  for  every  300  persons  enumerated,  his  earnings 
amounted  to  more  than  .|.3  per  day — compensation 
about  equal  to  that  of  enumerators  to-day,  and,  with 
few  if  any  exceptions,  greatly  in  excess  of  that  earned 
by  the  other  enumerators  at  the  First  Census. 

The  enumerators  published  the  results  for  their 
districts  as  soon  as  their  work  was  completed,  and 
many  of  the  newspapers  of  that  period  contained  fre- 
quent statements  concerning  the  population  of  different 
places.  The  population  for  the  whole  of  the  state  of 
Massachusetts  was  first  published  in  the  Columbian 
Centinel  of  February  26,  1791.  The  population  of 
several  towns  in  Rhode  Island  was  published  early  in 
October,  1790,  and  the  population  of  the  city  of 
Charleston,  S.  C,  appeared  in  the  Pennsylvania  Packet 
for  November  12  of  that  year. 

It  is  probable  that  m  all  the  states,  except  Vermont 
and  South  Carolina,  the  enumeration  was  completed 
within  the  nine  months  allowed  by  the  census  act.  In 
Vermont  the  enumeration  did  not  commence  until  the 
first  Monday  in  April,  1791,  and  was  not  required  to 
be  completed  for  five  months. 

In  South  Carolina  the  marshal  experienced  difficulty 
in  getting  assistants  at  the  lawful  rate  of  pay,  and  the 
enumeration  met  with  some  opposition  from  the 
people.  In  September,  1791,  the  grand  jury  of  the 
Federal  district  court  for  Charleston  made  a  present- 
ment against  six  persons  for  refusing  to  render  an 
account  of  persons  in  their  families  as  required  by  the 
census  act,  and  also  a  presentment  against  one  of 
the  enumerators  for  neglect  of  duty  in  not  completing 
his  district  in  conformity  with  the  act.'  In  October 
of  that  year  the  Representatives  of  South  Carolina  in 
Congress  stated  that  the  census  in  that  state  had  been 
nearly  completed,  but  that  the  rate  of  pay  was  so 
small  and  the  conditions  such  that  for  certain  sections 
of  the  state  the  marshal  had  been  unable  to  secure 
enumerators;  an  extension  of  time  and  a  higher  rate 

'  New  York  Daily  Advertiser,  November  1,  1791. 


of  pay  were  asked  for.  An  extension  of  time  to 
March  1,  1792,  was  readily  granted,  but  a  higher  rate 
of  pa}'  was  refused.  It  was  stated  that  as  the  mar- 
shals of  some  other  states,  who  had  complained  of  the 
inadequacy  of  the  compensation  allowed,  had  never- 
theless contrived  to  get  the  work  done  at  the  prescribed 
rates,  it  would  be  inequitable  for  Congress  to  make  an 
exception  in  the  case  of  South  Carolina.  The  marshal's 
return  for  this  state  is  dated  February  5,  1792,  which 
was  eighteen  months  and  three  days  after  the  date 
when  the  enumeration  was  scheduled  to  commence.'^ 

The  census  in  the  Southwest  Territory  was  taken  by 
the  captains  of  the  militia,  apparently  without  com- 
pensation, on  the  last  Saturday  of  July,  1791,  and 
Governor  Blount  dated  his  return  for  the  territory 
September  19,  1791,  stating  that  five  of  the  captains 
had  not  then  reported.  From  this  it  would  appear 
that  the  census  was  taken  with  more  dispatch  in  this 
territory  than  in  some  of  the  organized  states. 

THE    RETURNS. 

The  returns  of  the  enumerators  were  made  to  the 
marshals.  These  officials,  after  having  made  a  sum- 
mary showing  the  ' '  aggregate  amount  of  each  descrip- 
tion of  persons  within  their  respective  districts,"  as 
required  by  law,  deposited  them,  as  directed,  with  the 
clerks  of  the  district  courts  for  safe-keeping.  The 
marshals'  summaries  were  sent  direct  to  the  President, 
by  whom  they  were  turned  over  to  the  Secretary'  of 
State,  who  made  or  caused  to  be  made  copies  thereof, 
which  were  sent  to  the  ministers  of  the  United  States 
abroad.  The  President  also  sent  to  Congress,  on 
October  27,  1791,  a  tabular  statement  of  the  results  of 
the  census  in  each  of  the  states  except  South  Carolina, 
where  the  enumeration  had  not  then  been  completed. 
The  return  for  this  state  was  subsequently  communi- 
cated on  March  3,  1792. 

The  First  Census  report  contained  a  return  of  popu- 
lation for  all  the  states  b}'  counties;  in  the  returns  for 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  the 
Southwest  Territory,  the  counties  were  grouped  under 
districts.  For  some  states  the  population  was  given 
also  by  minor  civil  divisions.  Detailed  information 
of  this  character  was  printed  wherever  the  return  was 
made  in  detail  by  the  marshal  to  the  Department  of 
State.  In  many  instances,  however,  the  marshal  did 
not  furnish  the  Federal  Government  with  the  details 
which  had  been  supplied  to  him  by  the  enumerators 
under  his  supervision;  consequently,  for  a  large  part 
of  the  territory  enumerated,  no  detailed  information 
was  published — nor,  indeed,  has  the  population  of  the 
minor  civil  divisions  within  the  states  for  which  such 

-  The  enumeration,  therefore,  must  have  included  some  persons 
not  in  existence  in  1790.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  the 
delayed  schedules  were  from  the  more  remote  and  sparsely  settled 
sections  of  the  state  and  added  but  little  to  the  total  population. 
Thus  to  a  very  small  extent  the  census  of  1790  perhaps  overstates 
the  population,  with  the  result  that  the  census  of  1800  fails  to 
show  the  actual  decennial  increase. 


EARLY  CENSUS  SCHEDULES 


THE  FIRST  CENSUS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


47 


information  existed  but  was  not  published,  been 
available  heretofore  to  students,  except  by  consulting 
the  ori;iiiial  schedules. 

In  Table  104,  page  188,  is  published  for  the  first  time  a 
complete  return  of  the  population,  at  the  First  Census,  of 
all  the  states  and  territories  by  counties  and  minor  civil 
divisions,  so  far  as  theschedules  still  in  existence  permit. 

The  published  returns. — The  results  of  the  census, 
exclusive  of  the  returns  for  South  Carolina,  were  first 
published  in  book  form  in  1791,  in  what  is  now  a  very 
rare  little  octavo  volume  of  56  pages;  later  editions, 
published  in  1793  and  1802,  included  the  report  for 
South  Carolina.  For  the  preparation  of  this  volume 
little  tabulation  was  required,  and  no  extra  clerical 
force  was  employed;  the  marshals'  summaries  were 
sent  direct  to  the  printer,  and  published  in  the  form  in 
which  they  were  received,  with  a  summary  showing 
the  population  of  the  United  States  by  states. 

For  the  district  of  Maine  the  returns  relate  only  to 
the  total  population,  without  any  of  the  subdivisions 
required  by  the  act.  In  the  returns  for  the  Southwest 
Territory,  the  white  males  are  divided  into  those  21 
(instead  of  16)  years  and  over  and  those  under  21 
years.    The  printed  returns  of  the  marshals  ot  all  the 


other  states  cover  the  details  required  by  the  census 
act  as  to  the  number  of  each  class  of  persons  enumer- 
ated, but  do  nut  present  these  details  by  cities  and 
towns,  except  for  the  states  of  Maine,  New  Hamp- 
shire, Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  New 
York,  and  part  of  New  Jersey.  The  prmted  results 
for  the  remaining  districts  are  confined  to  the  counties 
and  a  f(>w  of  the  larger  cities  and  towns. 

In  addition  to  the  information  prescribed  by  the 
census  act,  the  marshal  for  the  district  of  Massachu- 
setts gave  the  number  of  dwelling  houses  and  of 
families  in  each  cit\^  and  town  covered  bj-  the  report. 
The  marshal  for  the  district  of  New  York  inclutled  in 
his  returns  the  excess  of  males  or  females  among  the 
white  j)()pulati()n  of  each  city  and  to\\-n  for  which 
report  was  made.  In  Pennsylvania  the  enumerators 
of  the  city  of  I'hiladelphia  furnished  the  occupations 
of  all  heads  of  famihes  enumerated.' 

'Clement  Biddle,  the  marshal  for  the  state  of  Pennsylvania, 
published  in  1791  a  directory  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  in  which 
the  names  and  occupations  of  many,  if  not  all,  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  city  pro))cr  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  heads  of  families 
shown  in  the  census  schedules.  It  is  possible  and  perhaps  prob- 
able that  the  occupations  of  the  heads  of  families  were  obtained  in 
the  census  enumeration  for  use  in  this  directory. 


Table   7.— POPULATION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES   AS   RETURNED   AT   THE   FIRST   CENSUS,  BY  STATES:    1790. 


Vermont 

Niw  Hampshire 

Maliie 

Mi-i^^aotiusetts 

Khodo  Islatid 

( 'OIHU'CtiCUt 

Nt'w  "^'ork 

N  0 w  Jersey 

I'fnnsylvania 

Delaware 

Uary  land 

Virginia 

Kentucky 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Total  number  of  Inhabitants  of  the  United  States  exclusive  of  Southwest  and 
Northwest  territories 


Free  white 
males  of  16 
years  and 
upward, 
Including 
heads  of 
families. 


22,43.5 
36. W* 
24,3S4 

gs,4» 

16,019 
60,523 
83,700 
45,251 

110,788 
11,783 
55,915 

110,936 
15,154 
69,988 
35,576 
13,103 


807,094 


Free  white 

males  under 

16  years. 


Free  white 
females. 
Including 
heads  of 
families. 


22,328 
34,851 
24,748 
87,289 
15,799 
54,403 
78,122 
41,416 

106,948 
12,143 
51,339 

116,135 
17,057 
77,506 
37,722 
14,044 


40,505 
70,160 
46,870 

190,582 
32,652 

117,448 

152,320 
83,287 

206,363 
22,384 

101,395 

215,046 
28,922 

140,710 
66,880 
25,739 


All  other 

free 
persons. 


255 

630 

538 

5,463 

3,407 

2,808 

4,654 

2,762 

6,537 

3,899 

8,043 

12,866 

114 

4,975 

1,801 

398 


791,850 


1,541,263 


59,150 


Slaves. 


'16 

158 

None. 

None. 

948 

2,764 

21,324 

11,423 

3,737 

8,887 

103,036 

292,627 

12,430 

100,572 

107,094 

29,264 


694,280 


Total. 


'85,539 
141, 8S5 

96,540 
378,787 

68,825 
237,946 
340,120 
184,139 
434,373 
•59,094 
319,728 
747,610 

73.677 
393,751 
249,073 

82,548 


3,893,635 


Free  white 

males  of  21 

years  and 

upward. 


Free  males 

under  21 

years  of  age. 


Free  white 
females. 


.Ml  other 
persons 


Slaves. 


Total. 


.'Southwest  Territory. 
Northwest  Territory. 


6,271 


10,277 


15,365 


361 


3,417 


'  The  census  of  1790,  published  in  1791,  reports  16  slaves  in  Vermont.  .Subsequently,  and  up  to  1S60.  the  number  Is  given  as  17.  .•Vn  examination  of  the  original  manu- 
script returns  shows  that  there  never  were  any  slaves  in  Vermont.  The  original  error  occurred  In  preparing  the  results  for  publication,  when  16  persons,  returned  as  "free 
colored."  were  cia-sslfied  as  "slave." 

"Corrected  figures  are  &i.425.  or  114  less  than  figures  published  in  1790,  due  to  an  error  of  addition  in  the  returns  for  each  of  the  towns  of  Fairfield,  Milton,  Shelbume, 
and  Williston,  in  the  county  of  Chittenden:  Brookfield.  Newbury.  Randolph,  and  Stratford.  In  the  county  of  Orange:  Castleton,  Clarendon.  Hubbardton,  Poultney, 
Rutland.  Shrewsbury,  and  Wallingford,  in  the  county  of  Rutland;  Dummerston,  Guilford,  Halifax,  and  Westminster,  111  the  county  of  Windham;  and  Woodstock,  in 
the  county  of  \Vin<lsor. 

•  Corrected  figures  are  59,096,  or  2  more  than  figures  published  in  1790,  due  to  error  In  addition. 


48 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


The  varied  form  of  the  summaries  was  probably 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  marshals  received  no  instruc- 
tions as  to  the  form  the  summaries  should  take,  other 
than  a  copy  of  the  census  act.  Most  of  the  variations 
which  occurred  could  have  been  overcome  readily  by 
correspondence  and  jutlicious  editing,  but  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  appears  to  have  accepted  the  marshals' 
summaries  as  final,  making  no  attempt  to  secure 
uniformity.  Moreover,  little  attention  seems  to  have 
been  given  to  the  preparation  of  the  printed  report  of 
the  First  Census,  for  in  some  instances  the  columns 
of  figures  are  added  incorrectly,  indicating  either  errors 
in  proof  reading  or— more  probably — inaccuracies  in 
the  manuscript  delivered  to  the  State  Department  and 
lack  of  editorial  examination. 

Attention  is  especially  invited  to  the  fact  that  for 
some  unexplained  reason  the  age  classification  speci- 
fied under  the  act  authorizing  the  census — the  subdi- 
vision of  wliite  males  into  those  16  years  of  age  and 
over  and  those  under  16  years — was  varied  m  the 
enumeration  of  the  Southwest  Territory,  the  total 
number  of  white  males  being  divided  into  those  21 
years  of  age  and  over  and  those  under  21  years.  This 
fact  makes  it  impossible  to  classify  the  total  white 
population  of  the  nation  by  sex  and  age. 

The  total  population  reported  by  the  First  Census 
caused  considerable  disappointment.  The  following 
quotations  from  Jefferson  clearly  reflect  the  confident 
expectation  of  the  people  that  a  decidedly  larger 
figure  woukl  be  reahzed. 

Under  date  of  January  23,  1791,  Jefl'erson  wrote: 

The  census  has  made  considerable  progress,  but  will  not  be  com- 
pleted till  midsummer.  It  is  judged  at  present  that  our  numbers 
will  be  between  four  and  five  millions.  Virginia,  it  is  supposed 
will  be  between  7  and  800,000.' 


On  August   24, 
michael  as  follows 


1791,   he   wrote   to   Wilham   Car- 


I  enclose  you  a  copy  of  our  census,  which,  so  far  as  it  is  written 
in  black  ink,  is  founded  on  actual  returns,  what  is  in  red  ink  being 
conjectured,  but  very  near  the  truth.  Making  very  small  allowance 
for  omissions,  which  we  know  to  have  been  very  great,  we  may 
safely  say  we  are  above  four  millions. - 

And  again,  on  August  29,  1791,  to  William  Short 
he  wrote  the  following: 

I  enclose  you  also  a  copy  of  our  census,  written  in  black  ink  so 
far  as  we  have  actual  returns,  and  supplied  by  conjecture  in  red 
ink,  where  we  have  no  returns;  but  the  conjectures  are  known  to 
be  very  near  the  truth.  Making  very  small  allowance  for  omissions, 
which  we  know  to  have  been  very  great,  we  are  certainly  above 
four  millions,  probably  about  four  millions  one  hundred  thousand.^ 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Washington  shared 

1  The  Writings  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Vol.  VIII,  page  122. 
^  Ibid.,  page  229. 
3  Ibid.,  page  236. 


Jefferson's  views  as  to  the  incompleteness  of  the  re- 
turns. Under  date  of  July  28,  1791,  ho  wrote  to 
Gouverneur  Morris  as  follows : 

In  one  of  my  letters  to  you,  the  account  of  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants which  would  probably  be  found  in  the  United  States  on  enu- 
meration was  too  large.  The  estimate  was  then  founded  on  the 
ideas  held  out  by  the  gentlemen  in  Congress  of  the  population  of 
the  several  states,  each  of  whom  (as  was  very  natural),  looking 
through  a  magnifier,  would  speak  of  the  greatest  e.xtent  to  which 
there  was  any  probability  of  their  numbers  reaching.  Returns  of 
the  census  have  already  been  made  from  several  of  the  states,  and 
a  tolerably  just  estimate  has  been  now  formed  in  others,  by  which 
it  appears  that  we  shall  hardly  reach  four  millions;  but  this  you 
are  to  take  along  with  it,  that  the  real  number  will  greatly  exceed 
the  ofiicial  return,  because,  from  religious  scruples,  some  would  not 
give  in  their  lists;  from  an  apprehension  that  it  was  intended  as  the 
foundation  of  a  tax,  others  concealed  or  diminished  theirs ;  and  from 
the  indolence  of  the  mass  and  want  of  activity  in  many  of  the  deputy 
enumerators,  numbers  are  omitted.  The  authenticated  number 
will,  however,  be  far  greater,  I  believe,  than  has  ever  been  allowed 
in  Europe,  and  will  have  no  small  influence  in  enabling  them  to 
form  a  more  just  opinion  of  our  present  growing  importance  than 
have  yet  been  entertained  there.  * 

The  enumerators'  schedules. — It  is  impossible  to 
trace  clearly  the  history  of  the  original,  or  enumera- 
tors', schedules.  The  census  act  states  that  the  mar- 
shals shall  deposit  them,  under  a  heavy  penalt}^  for 
failure  to  do  so,  with  the  clerks  of  the  district  courts 
of  their  respective  districts.  The  acts  for  the  censuses 
of  ISOO,  1810,  and  1820  contained  the  same  provisions. 
By  an  act  of  Congress  approved  May  28,  1830,  the 
clerks  of  the  several  district  courts  of  the  United  States 
were  directed  to  transmit  to  the  Secretary  of  State 
such  schedules  of  the  first  four  censuses  as  were  in  their 
respective  offices.^  The  schedules  were  kept  in  the 
custody  of  the  Secretar}^  of  State  until  the  organization 
of  the  Interior  Department,  in  1849,  when  they  were 
transferred,  together  with  the  returns  of  the  succeeding 
censuses,  to  the  custody  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Inte- 
rior. They  were  kept  in  a  fireproof  vault  in  the  Patent 
Oflice  until  June,  1904,  when  they  were  transferreil  to 
the  Census  Office,  where  they  have  since  remained. 

Some  of  the  volumes  appear  not  to  have  been  as 
carefully  preserved  as  the  census  acts  required;  from 
some  volumes  sheets  have  been  torn  out  and  lost,  while 
others  are  stained,  illegible,  and  partly  burned.  In 
1897  the  schedules  for  all  censuses  prior  to  1890  were 
carefully  examined,  and  it  was  ascertained  that  for  the 
censuses  of  1790  to  1820,  inclusive,  the  files  were  in- 
complete.    The  missing  schedules  for  the  states  and 

^The  Writings  of  Washington,  Vol.  X,  pages  176  and  177. 

^  It  is  not  certain  that  the  first  four  census  acts  had  been  observed 
by  the  marshals  and  that  this  resolution  was  complied  with  in  all 
cases  by  the  clerks  of  the  district  courts.  The  schedules  for  the 
census  of  1790  for  Rhode  Island,  however,  were  forwarded  to  the 
Secretary  of  State  at  Washington  in  compliance  with  the  resolution, 
for  bound  in  the  schedules  is  the  affidavit  dated  June  22,  1830,  of 
the  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  that  state  to  the  effect  that  he  is 
forwarding  the  said  schedules. 


THE  FIRST  CENSUS  01'  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


49 


territories  included  in  the  area  of  the  United  States  in 
1 790  are  indicated  by  asterisks  in  the  following  table : 


STATE  OB  TERRITORY. 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1830 

Rhode  Island 

• 

New  Jersey  ...          .        ... 

* 
* 
* 

• 

• 

• 

VirKinia 

« 

South  Carolina 

• 

Georgia  (including  Alabama  land  Mississippi)... 

* 
• 
* 

* 

* 
• 
* 

* 

• 

* 
* 

Northwest  Territorya  (Ohlo.>  Indiana.  Illinois. 

• 

'  The  schedules  for  Alabama  in  1830  are  not  in  existence. 

•  There  is  no  evidence  o(  any  enumeration  of  Northwest  Territory  in  1790. 

'  The  schedules  for  Ohio  in  1820  are  in  existence. 

Of  the  schedules  for  all  the  remaininjj  states  and 
organized  territories,  those  for  Arkansas  in  1S20  alone 
are  missing. 

With  a  view  to  ascertaining  the  whereabouts  of  the 
missing  volumes,  the  Department  of  the  Interior  con- 
ducted a  correspondence  with  the  heads  of  the  several 
Executive  Departments  at  Wasliington,  with  the 
governors  of  the  several  states,  and,  through  the  De- 
partment of  Justice,  with  the  clerks  of  the  courts  in 
said  states.  None  of  them  could  be  recovered,  how- 
ever, nor  was  it  ])0ssible  to  procure  any  information 
regarding  them. 

There  is  a  record  that  the  1790  returns  for  Virginia 
were  destroyed  when  the  British  burned  the  Capitol  at 
Washington  during  the  War  of  1S12.  But  it  is  a 
question  whether  anything  more  than  the  marshal's 
summary  was  burned ;  if  the  First  Census  law  was  com- 
pUed  with,  the  original  returns  must  have  been  in  the 
custody  (jf  the  clerk  of  the  district  court  of  Virginia. 

Doctor  Chickering,  in  his  ''Statistical  View  of  the 
Population  of  Massachusetts,"*  published  in  1846, 
states  that  a  copy  of  the  1790  schedules  for  ilassa- 
ehusetts  was  lost  in  the  destruction  of  the  Patent 
Office  by  fire  on  December  15,  1836,  and  that  soon 
afterwards  the  original  schedules  in  the  district  clerk's 
office  in  Massachusetts  were  ordered  to  be  sent  to  Wash- 
ington to  replace  the  copy  destroyed.  But  the  Patent 
Office  fire  here  referred  to  was  not  discovered  until  it 
had  gained  such  great  headway  that  the  persons  in  the 
building  barely  escaped  with  their  lives.  It  is  proba- 
ble tliat  all  the  census  returns  were  kept  together;  and, 
if  so,  the  burning  of  any  ol  the  returns  would  doubtless 
have  meant  the  destruction  of  the  entire  series.  More- 
over, a  report  made  to  Congress  by  the  Commissioner 
of  Patents,  December  28,  1836,  giving  what  purports 
to  be  a  complete  list  of  everything  lost  in  the  fire, 
makes  no  mention  of  any  census  schedules  being 
burned. 

Fortunately,  the  1790  schedules  for  the  states  which 
were  most  populous  at  that  period,  with  the  excejition 
of  Virginia,  are  stil!  in  existence;  and  the  place  of  those 
for  Virginia  is  taken  in  some  measure  by  lists  of 
inhabitants  at  state  enumerations  made  near  the  close 


'  Page  5. 


of  the  Revolutionary  War.  As  shown  bj'  the  aggre- 
gate returns  for  the  six  in(iuiries  at  the  First  Census, 
the  relative  importance  of  the  omitted  states  (includ- 
ing Virginia)  is  as  follows: 


ELEMENTS  Of  THE  POPinjlTION. 


Total  population. 


Total 
returns. 


3.929,625 


White  population ]    3,172,444 


Free  white  males  10  years  and 
upward,  including  heads  of 
families 

Free  white  males  under  16 
years 

Free  while  females,  mciudlng 
heads  of  families 


All  other  free  persons. 
Slaves 


815,098 

800,063 

1,556,683 

59,557 
697,624 


KETtTBKa  rOB  WHICH  SCBEDinxS 


Preserved. 


Lost. 


Number. 


2,6S4,499       1,245,126 


2,327,262  I 


845,182 


600,928 

580,114 

1,146,222 

33,253 
318,984 


214, 172 

220,549 

410,401 

21,304 
378,040 


Per  cent 
of  total 
returns. 


31.7 
20.C 


26.3 

27.5 

26.4 

35.8 
54.3 


For  each  of  the  inquiries  relating  to  white  persons, 
the  proportion  represented  by  the  lost  schedules  is 
about  one-fourth;  for  free  negroes,  one-third;  and 
for  slaves,  slightly  more  than  one-half.  Most  of  the 
slaves  for  which  the  schedules  are  lost  were  reported 
by  "\'irginia. 

The  schedules  of  the  First  Census  on  file  in  the 
Census  Office  are  as  follows: 

Maine 1  volume. 

New  Hampshire 2  volumes. 

Vermont 2  volumes. 

Mas.sachusetts 1  volume. 

Rhode  Island 1  volume. 

Connecticut 3  volumes. 

New  York 4  volumes. 

Pennsylvania 8  volumes. 

Maryland 2  volumes. 

North  Carolina 2  volumes. 

South  Carolina 1  volume. 

Total 27  volumes. 

These  volumes  tlill'er  widely  in  siiape  and  size.  The 
paper  for  the  schedules  was  furnished  by  the  enumer- 
ators themselves,  and  is  of  many  different  kinds.  It 
varies  from  4  to  36  inches  in  length,  the  longer  sheets 
requiring  several  folds.  Many  enumerators  used 
merchants'  account  books,  journals,  or  ledgers; 
others  used  large  sheets  of  paper,  neatly  ruled  and 
folded.  The  headings  were  generally  wTitten  in  by 
hand,  but  printed  headings  were  used  on  the  schedules 
for  Massachusetts  and  for  one  district  of  New  York. 
All  of  the  schedules  for  Massachusetts  are  on  printed 
blanks  of  uniform  size,  a  fact  which  suggests  that  the 
blanks  were  furnished  or  sold  to  the  enumerators  by 
the  marshal.  Most  of  the  volumes  contain  the  sched- 
ules of  several  enumerators,  though  a  few  enumerators 
handed  in  schedules  sufficient  to  fill  a  whole  volume. 
For  a  binding  sometimes  an  old  newspaper,  heavy 
wTapping  paper,  or  a  piece  of  wall  paper  was  used. 


50 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


In  1897  the  1790  schedules  were  paged,  arranged, 
and  indexed  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and 
carefully  repaired  with  transparent  silk  to  prevent 
further  deterioration. 

In  the  returns  of  some  of  the  enumerators  the  names 
of  heads  of  families  are  arranged  alphabetically, 
indicating  that  they  were  copied  from  preliminary 
notes  gathered  while  making  the  enumeration.  In 
many  cases  the  name  of  a  minister,  as  being  the  chief 
personage  in  a  town,  heads  the  list,  regardless  of 
alphabetical  or  other  arrangement.  Many  of  the 
entries  are  picturesque.  Few  men  had  more  than  one 
Christian  name;  hence,  in  order  to  make  it  clear  what 
person  was  meant,  additional  information  was  often 


given,  as  "Leonard  Clements  (of  Walter),"  "Sarah 
Chapman,  (Wid.  of  Jno.),"  "Walter  Clements  (Corn- 
wallis  Neck)."  In  the  Southern  states  there  were 
many  plantations  whose  owners  Avere  absent  at  the 
time  of  the  enumeration;  frequently  the  name  of  the 
owner  was  given,  with  large  holdings  of  slaves,  but 
not  one  white  person  enumerated.  Some  slaves  who 
were  living  apart  from  their  owners,  either  alone  or  as 
heads  of  households,  were  entered  separately,  as  "Peter, 
negro  (Chas.  Wells  property)."  Heads  of  free  colored 
families  were  often  stated  to  be  "free,"  as  "Ruth, 
Free  negro,"  "Brown,  John  (free  mulatto)."  Some  enu- 
merators obtained  the  number  of  free  colored  males,  as 
well  as  of  free  whites,  above  and  below  16  years  of  age. 


IV,  AREA  AND  TOTAL  POPULATION. 


AREA— POPULATION— POPULATION  BY  AREAS 
OF  ENUMERATION— BY  STATES  AND  TER- 
R  IT  O  R  I  E  S— D  E  N  S I T  Y     OF     POPULATION. 


In  the  preceding  pages  of  this  publication  the  origin 
of  census  operations  has  been  pointed  out  from  the 
historical  point  of  view,  and  there  have  been  succes- 
sively considered  the  population  of  the  several  colonies 
in  the  Colonial  and  Continental  periotls.  the  extent 
and  the  material  condition  of  the  Republic  in  the  year 
in  which  the  First  Census  was  taken,  and  the  enact- 
ment and  operation  of  the  First  Census  legislation. 

The  tables  and  text  in  this  chapter  and  in  those 
which  follow  are  based  upon  analysis  and  inspection 
of  census  returns,  and  constitute  the  first  systematic 
discussion  of  the  results  of  the  First  Census.  In  many 
instances  the  figures  presented  may  be  accepted  as 
basic,  and  thus  as  furnishing  data  by  which  can  be 
measured  the  changes  that  have  occurred  during 
more  than  a  century  of  American  census  taking,  in 
connection  witii  the  subjects  considered;  in  others  they 
are  offered  frankly  as  approximations,  substantially 
accurate,  and  bearing  upon  economic  subjects  which 
are  of  great  importance  but  for  which  no  figures  of  any 
kind  have  ever  before  been  presented. 

Prior  to  1S50  census  reports  contained  no  analysis 
of  census  returns.  The  odicials  of  the  Department 
of  State,  who  were  charged  with  the  taking  and  pub- 
lishing of  the  Federal  census,  were  content  to  present 
tabulations  without  making  any  attempt  to  point  out 
the  most  important  results.  A  period  of  more  than 
half  a  century  elapsed  after  the  First  Census  before  the 
economic  significanco  of  census  returns — the  im- 
portance oi  which  had  been  pointed  out  by  Mr. 
Madison  in  the  debate  in  the  First  Congress  upon  the 
act  providing  for  the  enumeration — was  even  par- 
tially appreciated. 

Under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  however,  com- 
paratively little  could  have  been  written  in  1792 
concerning  the  results  of  the  First  Census.  The 
science  of  statistics  was  in  its  infancy,  and  analysis 
and  interpretation  of  statistics  were  nowhere  at- 
tempted. Moreover,  had  the  officials  of  the  Federal 
Government  presented  an  anal3-sis  of  the  returns,  the 
entire  discussion  necessarily  would  have  been  con- 
fined to  pointing  out  the  more  noteworthy  facts  indi- 
cated by  the  actual  census  data  derived  from  the  five 


inquiries  comprising  the  schedule.  The  chief  value  of 
census  statistics  lies  in  a  comparison  of  the  returns  of 
one  period  with  those  of  another;  but  as  this  was  the 
first  census  of  the  United  States,  no  comparable  figures 
existed  by  which  to  measure  change,  unless  the  partial 
enumerations  and  the  estimates  of  population  avail- 
able from  the  later  Colonial  and  Continental  periods 
be  regarded  as  roughly  comparable. 

It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  an  analysis  and  compari- 
son of  the  meager  information  secured  at  the  First 
Censu.s  can  be  made  most  effective  after  the  lapse  of 
at  least  a  century  of  periodic  census  taking.  Hence 
such  conclusions  as  can  be  drawn  from  the  studies 
which  appear  in  this  publication  probably  possess 
greater  value,  because  they  cover  an  entire  century 
of  perspective,  than  conclusions  which  might  have 
been  drawn  at  some  earlier  period. 

Consideration  of  the  basic  facts  relating  to  popula- 
tion which  were  secured  at  the  First  Census  confirms 
the  belief  that  the  returns  obtained,  when  <-arefully 
tested  and  examined,  supply  practically  all  the  statis- 
tical information  that  reasonablj^  could  have  been  ex- 
pected of  that  period.  In  1700  the  United  States  was 
a  sparsely  settled  country,  and  great  value  attached 
even  to  a  mere  coimt  of  population.  But  as  social  and 
economic  problems  grew  more  complex  with  the  in- 
crease of  population,  tlie  importance  of  detailed  knowl- 
edge concerning  the  human  units  comprising  the  nation 
became  nuich  greater.  Moreover,  increase  in  wealth 
and  political  influence  has  created  economic  problems 
which  were  unknown  in  1790. 

AREA. 

The  Repubhc  began  its  career  as  a  nation  nominally 
possessing  an  area  of  843,246  stiuare  miles,  of  which 
820,377  square  miles  constituted  land  area.  Of  the 
latter  total,  however,  only  417,170  square  miles  are 
included  witliin  the  limits  of  the  states  and  territories 
which  were  enumerated  in  1 790.  The  total  area  of  the 
United  States  in  1000  was  more  than  four  times,  and 
that  of  continental  I'nited  States  was  nearly  four  times, 
the  total  area  in  1790.     The  enumerated  area  within 

(51) 


CHANGES  IN  AREA  FOR  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TEN  YEARS. 


1790 


1800 


810 


1820 


1830 


840 


CHANGES  IN  AREA  FOR  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TEN  YEARS. 


1850 


1861 


870 


1880 


1890 


1900 


76292—09 5 


54 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


continental  United  States  increased  more  than  seven- 
fold during  the  century. 

According  to  the  Twelfth  Census  Statistical  Atlas, 
the  "settled"  area  of  the  country  in  1790— that  is, 
the  area  having  a  population  density  of  at  least  2 
persons  per  square  mile — comprised  239,935  square 
miles,  wliile  in  1900  the  settled  area  of  continental 
United  States  was  1 ,925,590  square  miles.  Deducting 
1,000  square  miles  for  settled  areas  in  the  Northwest 


Territory,  which  was  not  enumerated  in  1790,  it 
appears  that  areas  having  a  density  of  less  than  2 
persons  per  square  mile  formed  nearly  43  per  cent  of 
the  enumerated  area  in  1790,  and  but  little  over  35 
per  cent  of  the  enumerated  area  witliin  continental 
United  States  in  1900. 

The  following  table  embodies  the  result  of  an  attempt 
to  estimate  the  area  of  enumeration  within  continental 
United  States  at  each  census : 


Table  8  -LAND   AREA  OF  CONTINENTAL  UNITED   STATES,  OF  AREA  OF   ENUMERATED   IN  1790  AND  OF  ADDED 

AREA:  1790  TO  1900. 


LAND  ABEA   (SQUARE   MILES)   OF 

CONITNENTAL  UNITED  STATES. 

Total. 

Enumerated. 

CENSUS  TEAK. 

Continental  United 

States. 

Enumerated  in  1790.2 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration 
since  1790. 

Unenu- 

Total. 

Settled  (at 
least  2  per- 
sons per 
square 
nule).i 

Unsettled. 

Settled  (at 
least  2  per- 
sons per 
square 
mile). 

Unsettled. 

Total. 

Settled  (at 
least  2  per- 
sons per 
square 
mile). 

Unsettled.' 

merated. 

820,377 
820,377 
1,699.761 
1,754,622 
1,754,622 
1.754,622 
2,943,142 
2,974,159 
2, 974. 159 
2,974,159 
2,974.159 
2,974.159 

< 417. 170 

434,670 

556. 010 

688.670 

877, 170 

1.183,870 

1,519.170 

1.951.520 

2,126.290 

2, 727. 454 

2.974.159 

2, 974, 159 

5  238,935 

305,708 

407.945 

508,717 

632.717 

807.292 

979,249 

1,194,754 

1,272,239 

1,569.565 

1,947.280 

1,925,590 

178,235 

128,962 

148,065 

179,953 

244,453 

376,578 

539,921 

756,766 

854.051 

1,157.889 

1,026.879 

1,048,569 

'238,935 
295.708 
329.945 
.       358, 717 
382,717 
397.292 
399,249 
399,  754 
400,239 
403.565 
407,280 
410.590 

178,235 

121,462 

87,225 

58, 453 

34, 453 

19,878 

17,921 

17,416 

16,931 

13,605 

9,890 

6,580 

403,207 

17,500 

138,840 

271,500 

460,000 

766.700 

1,102,000 

1,534.350 

1,709,120 

2,310,284 

2,556,989 

2,556,989 

10.000 

78.000 

150.000 

250.000 

410.000 

580, 000 

795,000 

872.000 

1,166.000 

1.540.000 

1,515,000 

7,500 

60,840 

121,500 

210,000 

356, 700 

522,000 

739,350 

837. 120 

1.144.284 

1,016.989 

1,041,989 

385.707 

1.143.751 

1820                          

1,065,952 

877,452 

1840                   

570. 752 

1850                               

1.423,972 

1,022.639 

1870                     

847.869 

1JJ80                            

6  246.705 

1  Twelfth  Census  Statistical  Atlas,  Plates  2  to  13  and  pages  26  to  36.  The  separation  into  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  (column  5)  and  the  added  area  (column  8)  Is  esti- 
mated. 

•  For  each  census,  the  sum  of  columns  5  and  6  is  417,170.    See  footnote  4. 

»  Estimated  from  the  settled  area  (column  S)  by  the  use  of  a  graduated  series  of  percentages— from  75  per  cent  in  1800  to  90  per  lent  in  1870. 

<  The  land  area  shown  tis  enumerated  in  1790  includes  an  esthnale  of  17.841  lor  those  counties  of  Georeia  which  were  enumerated  in  that  year:  for  all  other  states  and 
territories  included  in  the  area  of  enumeration  the  total  land  area  is  used,  l)eeause  some  portion  of  every  county  was  enumerated. 

1  Excluding  an  estimate  of  1 .000  square  miles  for  the  settled  area  in  the  Northwest  Territory,  which  was  not  enumerated  in  1790. 

6  Land  area  of  Indian  Territory  and  Oklahoma— 69,414  square  miles,  according  to  Census  Bulletin  71— together  with  the  area  of  Indian  reservations  in  states  and  organ- 
ized territories  added  to  the  area  of  enumeration  since  1790— amounting  to  177,291  square  miles,  according  to  the  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  for  1880. 


POPULATION. 

March  3,  1792,  President  Washington  reported  to 
Congress  that  the  population  of  the  Repubhc  was 
3,929,214.  A  recount  in  1908  of  the  population 
enumerated  at  the  First  Census,  from  all  those  sched- 
ules in  which  the  handwriting  remains  sufficiently 
legible  to  indicate  that  no  error  of  tabulation  need 
occur  because  of  mutilation  or  age,  shows  that  the 
official  figures  reported  to  Congress  and  pubhshed  in 
1792  should  have  been  increased  by  at  least  411 
persons.  It  was  possible  to  revise  accurately  the 
returns  of  only  nine  of  the  states,  since,  as  it  will  be 
remembered,  the  schedides  for  New  Jersey,  Delaware, 
Virginia,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  and  the  Southwest  Ter- 
ritory are  no  longer  in  existence.  Those  for  Mary- 
land and  South  CaroHna,  although  for  the  most  part 


in  existence,  are  in  some  cases  mutilated  or  illegible, 
making  it  impossible  to  attempt  revision  of  the  re- 
turns for  those  states. 

So  far  as  is  now  known,  no  enumeration  was  made 
in  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Oliio  river;  in  fact, 
an  historian  of  a  little  later  period  declares  that  "the 
number  of  inhabitants  in  tliis  large  tract  of  country 
has  never  been  ascertained."'  Governor  St.  Clair 
estimated  that  in  1790  the  territory  contained  only 
about  4,000  inhabitants,  widely  scatteretl  in  detached 
settlements  between  which  there  was  but  httle  com- 
munication, and  which  were  so  hedged  about  by 
hostile  Inchans  that  for  many  years  their  cliief  con- 
cern was  to  protect  themselves  against  uprisings  and 
massacres.     Jedediah  Morse  estimated  the  white  pop- 

'  Winterbotham:  View  of  the  United  States  of  America  (1796), 
Vol.  II,  page  487. 


AREA  AND  TOTAL  POPUI.ATIOX. 


55 


ulation  of  the  territory  in  1792  at  7,820/  scattered 
among  a  few  frontier  settlements  and  outposts. 

'  From  the  best  data  the  author  has  received,  the  population  may 
be  estimated,  five  years  ago,  as  follows: 

Indians  (supposed) 05, 0001 

OMIo  (_'ompany  purchase 2,500 

Colonel  Synitnos'ssc'tllciuents 2,OOoil792 

Galliopolis  I  FreiK'h  sf'tlfiiients  opposite  Kanttaway  river) ]  l,OOo( 

V'incenncs  an<l  its  vi<-inity,  on  tiio  Wabash l,50ol 

Kiiskaslcias  unci  taholtia ti*01,,Q« 

At  Grand  liuisseau,  village  of  St.  Philip,  and  Prairie.<iu-rocbcr!i 240/    "' 

Total 72, 820 

In  1790  there  were  in  the  town  of  Vincennes  about  40  American 
families  and  31  slaves,  and  on  the  Mississippi,  40  American  fami- 
lies and  73  slaves,  all  included  in  the  above  estimate.  On  the 
Spanish  or  western  side  of  the  Mississippi  there  were  in  1790  about 
1,800  souls,  principally  at  Genevieve  and  St.  Louis.  The  lands  on 
the  various  rivers  which  water  this  territory  are  interspersed  with 
all  the  variety  of  soil  which  conduces  to  pleasantness  of  situation 
and  lays  the  foundation  for  the  wealth  of  an  agricultural  and  manu- 
facturing people. — Jedediah  Morse:  American  Gazetteer,  Boston,  1797. 


Accepting  Governor  St.  Clair's  conservative  esti- 
mate of  4,000  inhabitants  in  the  Northwest  Territory, 
allowing  a  population  of  1,000  for  the  five  districts 
of  the  Southwest  Territory — three  in  Greene  county, 
one  in  Davidson  county,  and  one  south  of  the 
French  Broad  river — for  which  no  returns  were  ever 
received,  and  correcting  the  known  shortage  of  411, 
the  total  population  of  the  United  States  in  1790  was 
3,934,625. 

Population  by  areas  of  enumeration. — The  advance  of 
population  with  each  decade,  as,  Uttle  b}'  httle,  vast 
areas  of  territory  were  added  to  tiie  national  domain, 
is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Table  9.— POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  CLASSIFIED  BY  AREAS  OF  ENUMERATION:  1790  TO  1900.' 


AREA  EXtTMERATED— 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820     1      1830 

1840 

1860 

1860 

1870 

18S0 

I880>         1S00> 

In  1900 

1                  1 

•76,303,387 
71:  nto  tat 

In  1890 

1 

R9  07a  7»'ft 

In  1880 

In  1860  and  1870 

31 ,  443,  .121  38,  .M8, 371  50, 1.55, 783  62!  688,' 057 

75,204,184 
70,807,006 
64,806,614 
60,823.367 
60,294,825 
5-1,494,971 

In  1S50 

23,191,876 

In  1840 

*  17,069,453 

•y.wm  4tifi.in  n7«  946  .-it.  947  iiuj.^  -no  (j.->  sj'ion'oij 

In  183!) 

'12,866,020 
12,825,972 
12,4,39.390 
in  240  •>■*■! 

17. 019,890  i2!  602!  175  ia.'.jj^iiojliois,' '.'S3  ■!2!807!'.  74  iiims' 334 
16, 965, 413  1-2, 514, 730  29,  (191. 881,  34, 426.  V.-i5  42,.537. 781  50, 716, 912 
16, 131, 726  21, 105.027  26, 71.1,.  422  31.  193.  S.'V)  38. 6i6. 930  45, 780, 9i8 

In  ISlOand  1820 

In  1.800 

In  1790 

"3,'929,'62S 

'5,'368,'483 
5,247,355 

61,128 

7,239,881 
7, 142.JSn 
6,779,3J8 

460,573 

9, 638. 4. 53 
9.4l)-l.!S7 

Total  added  area. . 

l,344,58ll    » 2, 625, 788 

1                    1                    1                    1                    1                    ' 
<  5. 288, 222!  8, 622, 292  14, 117, 164  18. 870,867  26, 2C3, 570  34, 791, 445  »«2, 749, 757 

First  in  1800 

61, 128 

363, 172 
97,401 

1   110  318)       2.  199  l.W 

4,350,495 

833,087 

54,477 

<  49, 503 

6,535  443  9  440  265  n  8nf.  n.lni4  7nl  'Oi  17  loo  ra7  on  oji  iai 

First  in  1810 

234,266 

380.  .582 

1,409,703  2,315,464 
87,445       140.424 
198, :91'      846,930 
391,410    1   181  .147 

2.932,181   3,910;851    4i9:5i984,    5[799]854 

First  in  1830 

>  40, 048 

First  in  1840 

1,033.7:6  2.405,388  3.:22,580 
1.682,022  3,010.295  4.583,165 

618  640    1    9.19  «9fl    .1  7ftJ   Q7ft 

3,983.247 

6,060,392 

4,337.178 

63.592 

First  in  1850 

First  in  1860 

182,5:8 

First  iu  1880 

First  in  1890 

« 258] 657 

First  in  1900 

1 



•245,220 

1 

i                        1 

I  In  compiling  this  tabic  it  was  first  determined  what  states,  or  parts  of  states,  were  included  within  the  prea  of  enumeration  added  to  continental  t'nlted  States  during 
each  decade.  The  population  of  ea<'h  aii<icd  area  wa,s  then  compared  with  tlie  total  population  of  the  same  states  at  each  succeeding  census.  Tl.c  area  added  during  each 
decade  is  Ijriefly  dcscrilu'd  in  the  foliowini;  paraf:raplis: 

1790  to  1,800:  The  five  states  entirely  within  tile  limits  of  the  Northwest  Territory— Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin— together  with  western  Georgia, 
Alabama,  and  Mississippi.    Practically  all  of  this  area  was  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  in  1790,  but  was  not  enumerated. 

1800  to  1810:  Louisiana,  Arkansas,  and  Missouri.    The  rest  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  (1803)  was  not  enumerated  in  1810. 

1810  to  1820:  There  was  no  new  state  or  territory  added  to  the  area  of  enumeration.    Florida  was  purchased  in  1819,  but  was  not  enumerated  In  1820. 

1820  to  1830:  Florida. 

1830  to  1840:  Minnesota  and  Iowa. 

1840  to  1850:  Texas.  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Utah,  Washington,  Oregon,  and  California.  Beginning  with  1860,  the  population  of  the  Oadsden  Purchase  (1853)  Is  Included 
with  this  area  because  It  could  not  l>c  oiitained  separately. 

1850  to  IHiin:  North  Daliota.  South  Dakota.  .Nebraska.  Kansas,  Montana,  Idaho,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  and  Nevada. 

1860  to  isro:  There  was  no  new  state  or  territory  added  to  the  area  of  eniuneration.     Alaska  was  purchased  In  1867,  but  was  not  enumerated  In  1870. 

1870  to  18.80:  Alaska. 

1880  to  1H90:  Indian  Territory  and  Oklahoma. 

1890  to  19IKI:  Hawaii. 

>  The  population  of  Indian  reservations,  which  were  first  enumerated  In  1890,  Is  here  Included  with  that  of  the  areas  In  which  located. 

'  Includinc  91.219  persons  stationed  al)road,  in  the  miiitarv  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

'  Includini!  6,100  persons  stationed  aliroad,  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

'  Including  5,318  persons  stationed  abroad,  In  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 


Upon  comparing  the  growth,  in  extent  and  in  pop- 
ulation, of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  with  that  of 
continental  United  States  as  a  whole,  it  appears  that  the 
gradual  decline  in  the  proportionate  extent  and  popula- 
tion of  the  original  area,  as  compared  with  the  whole  of 
continental  United  States,  is  merely  a  reflection  of  the 
growth  of  the  added  area  in  extent  and  population. 

The  added  area  had  outstripped  the  original  area 
in  extent  by  1830,  but  its  population  did  not  pass 
that  of  the  original  area  until  1880.     Increase  in  the 


younger  states  continued  to  outstrip  increase  in  the 
older  states,  so  that  in  1900  the  original  area  formed 
less  than  one-seventh  of  the  area  of  continental  United 
States,  and  its  population  was  less  than  half  of  the  total. 
In  1900  the  total  population  of  the  added  area  exceeded 
that  of  the  original  area  by  more  than  nine  millions,  the 
excess  being  more  than  one-third  of  the  total  popula- 
tion of  the  original  states  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  and 
almost  three  times  the  entire  white  population  of  the 
Republic  in  1790. 


50 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  10. 


-COMPARISON  OF  GROWTH  IN  AREA  AND  POPULATION,  FOR  THE  TOTAL  AREA  OF  CONTINENTAL  UNITED 
STATES  AND  FOR  THE  AREA  ENUMERATED  IN  1790:  1790  TO  1900. 


AREA   OF  ENUMERA- 
TION. 

POPULATION. 

INCREASE    OF   POPULATION    OVER 
PRECEDING  CENSUS. 

PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  OF  POP- 
tTLATION     OVER     PRECEDING 
CENSUS. 

YEAR. 

Square 
miles. 

Per  cent 
area  enu- 
m'erated 
in  1790 
fonns  of 

total 
area  enu- 
merated 
at  each 
census. 

Total. 

Of  area  enumerated 
in  1790. 

Total. 

For  area  enumerated 
in  1790. 

Total. 

For  area 
enumer- 
ated in 
1790. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

For 

added 
area. 

1790 

417,170 

434,670 

556.010 

688,670 

877.170 

1,183,870 

1,519,170 

1.951.520 

2.126.290 

2.727,454 

2.974,159 

2,974,159 

100.0 
96.0 
75.0 
60.6 
47.6 
35.2 
27.5 
21.4 
19.6 
15.3 
14.0 
14.0 

3,929,625 

5.308,483 

7,239,881 

9. 638, 453 

12.866,020 

17,069.453 

23.191,876 

31.443.321 

38.558.371 

50.189,209 

62.979,766 

76,303,387 

3,929,625 
5,247,355 
6,779,308 
8.293,869 
10. 240, 232 
11,781,231 
14,569,584 
17.326,157 
19.687,504 
23,925,639 
28.188,321 
33,553,630 

100.0 
98.8 
93.6 
86.0 
79.6 
69.0 
62.8 
55.1 
51.1 
47.7 
44.8 
44.0 

1800 

1,378,858 
1,931,398 
2,398,572 
3,227,667 
4,203,433 
6,122,423 
8.251.445 
7.115.050 
11,630,838 
12.790.557 
13.323,621 

1,317,730 
1,531,953 
1,514,561 
1,946,363 
1,540.999 
2.788.353 
2.756.573 
2.361.347 
4,  238. 135 
4,262,682 
5,365.309 

95.6 
79.3 
63.1 
60.3 
36.7 
45.5 
33.4 
33.2 
36.4 
33.3 
40.3 

35.1 
36.4 
33.1 
33.5 
32.7 
35.9 
35.6 
22.6 
30.2 
25.5 
21.2 

33.5 
29.2 
22.3 
23.5 
15.0 
23.7 
18.9 
13.6 
21.5 
17.8 
19.0 

1810 

653.5 

1820     

191.9 

1830          

9.5.3 

1840 

101.4 

1850    

63.  0 

I860 

1870 

1880 

1890     

63.7 
33.7 
39.2 
32.5 

1900 

22.9 

For  every  decade  the  percentage  of  increase  in  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  was  less  for  the  area  enumerated  in 
1790  than  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole.  During 
the  first  half  of  the  century,  with  one  exception,  the 
increase  in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  was  approx- 
imately from  one-fourth  to  one-third.  Since  that 
period  it  has  exceeded  20  per  cent  only '  once — in 
1880.  The  effects  of  the  Civil  War  and  of  migration 
to  the  West  and  Southwest  are  shown  by  an  increase 
of  but  13.6  per  cent  for  1870.  The  j)ercentage  of 
increase  for  1900,  however,  was  liigher  than  that 
showTi  for  1890,  and  was  close  to  the  percentage 
for  1880 — the  liighest  percentage  shown  during  the 
last  half  century.  This  fact  suggests  certain  com- 
paratively recent  causes  of  increase  in  the  original 
area,  some  of  which  are  alluded  to  elsewhere  in  this 
report.^ 

Up  to  1860  the  increase  in  the  population  of  the 
added  area  is  not  significant,  because  the  continual 
accessions  of  territory  affect  the  comparability  of  the 
returns.  Since  that  year  large  areas  nominally  in- 
cluded within  the  territory  enumerated  have  been 
opened  up  to  settlement,  but  the  only  definite  geo- 
graphic area  addetl  to  the  area  of  enumeration  is  that 
comprised  in  Indian  Territory  and  Oklahoma.  Since 
1860  the  percentage  of  increase  in  the  population  of  the 
added  area  has  not  reached  40  per  cent;  from  1880 
to  the  Twelfth  Census  the  percentage  steadily  dimin- 
ished until,  converging  from  widely  separated  extremes 
in  the  earlier  decades  of  the  century,  in  1900  the  per- 
centage of  increase  in  both  sections  had  become  nearly 
the  same.  Tliis  fact  reflects  the  rapid  settlement  of 
continental  United  States,  and  tlie  disappearance  of 
any  considerable  areas  which  could  be  regarded  as 


'  See  page  127. 


unsettled  regions.  At  the  close  of  the  century  every 
portion  of  the  national  domain  had  been  erected  into 
states,  or  into  territories  the  boundaries  of  wliich  are 
not  hkely  to  change  materially  upon  acqiuring  state- 
hood; and  these  were  again  fully  subdivided  into 
counties,  cities,  and  towns.  In  consequence,  toward 
the  close  of  the  century  conditions  in  the  added  area 
tended  to  resemble  more  and  more  closely  those  long 
existing  in  the  original  area. 

Population  iy  states  and  territories. — Table  1 1  pre- 
sents the  marvelous  growth  in  population,  during  the 
one  hundred  and  ten  years  wliich  have  elapsed,  of 
the  states  and  territories  enumerated  in  1790. 

Attention  has  already  been  called,  in  a  preceding 
chapter,  to  the  significant  constancy  in  the  percentage 
of  increase  in  the  population  of  the  colonies  for  nearly 
a  century  and  a  half  prior  to  the  First  Census  of  the 
United  States.  The  accompanying  diagram  illustrates 
this  fact  and  the  continuance  of  practically  uniform 
percentages  from  1660  to  1860. 

From  the  First  Census  to  the  Twelfth  the  aggregate  ' 
population  of  the  states  enumerated  in  1790  increased 
ahiiost  tenfold .  This  increase  resulted  both  from  the 
contributions  of  the  original  elements  (those  persons, 
both  white  and  negro,  enumerated  at  the  First  Census) 
and  from  the  addition  of  large  numbers  of  foreigners 
arriving  after  1790  and  locating  in  the  New  England 
and  Middle  states.  In  view  of  the  generous  contribu- 
tions which  the  original  states  of  the  Union  were  mak- 
ing toward  the  development  and  peopling  of  the  vast 
areas  opened  to  settlement  (and  for  the  most  part 
erected  into  states)  since  1790 — nearly  eight  times  as 
great  as  the  entire  area  actually  enumerated  in  1790 — 
this  achievement,  during  the  brief  period  of  one  cen- 
tury, must  be  regarded  as  a  remarkable  one. 


♦ 


AREA  AND  TOTAL  POPULATION. 


57 


Tahi.e  1 1.— population  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  AND  OF  EACH  STATE  OR  TERRITORY  ENUMERATED  IN  1790: 

1790  TO  1900. 


STATE  OR  TERRITOKY. 


United  States 

Area  enumerated  in  1790. 


New  England. 


Maine 

Now  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts — 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey . . . 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 


Southern  states . 


Maryland  and  District  of 
Columbia 

VirRiiiia  and  West  Vir- 
Rinia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

(leorcia 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


Added  area. 


1790 


3,929,625 


3,929,625 


1,009,206 


96,043 
141,899 

85,341 
378,5515 

69,112 
237,655 

1,017,087 


340,241 

184,139 

4:«,611 

59,096 

1,903,332 


319,728 

747,610 

395,005 

249,073 

82,548 

73,677 

35,091 


1800 


5,308,483 


5,247,355 


1,233,011 


151,719 
183,858 
154,465 
422,845 
09,122 
251,002 


1810 


I8!0 


7,239,881     9,638,453 


6,779,308     8,293,869 


1,471,973 


589,051 

211,149 

602,365 

64,273 

2,547,506 


355,641 

880,200 
478,103 
345,591 
161,414 
220,955 
105,602 

61,128 


228,705 
214,460 

217,895 

472,040 

70,931 

261,942 

2,087,376 


,060,071 


959,049 
245,562 
810,091 

72,674 

3,219,959 


404,569 

974,000 
5.55,500 
415,115 
201,937 
400,511 
261,727 

460,573 


298,335 
244, 101 

2.35,981 
52;i,2H7 
83,059 
275,248 

2,772,594 


1,372,812 

277,575 

1,049, 4.58 

72,749 

3,861,204 


440,389 

1,065,300 
638,  S29 
.502,741 
220,739 
564,317 
422,823 

1,. 344,. 584 


18S0 


IMO 


12,866,020   17,069,453 


23,191,876 


10,240,232  111, 781, 231 


1,954,717 


399,455 
209,. 328 
280, 0.W 
010,408 
97,199 
297,075 

3,664,412 


1,918,608 

320,823 

1,348,233 

70,748 

4,021,103 


2,234,822 


486,874 

1,211,405 

737,987 
.581,  IM 
23.3. 831 
(«7,917 
681,904 

2,625,788 


501,793 
284,574 
291,948 
737,699 
108,830 
309,978 

4,604,345 


2,428,921 

373,300 

1,724,033 

78,085 

4,942,064 


513,731 


1,239, 
7.53, 
594 
231 
779, 


5,288,222 


1860 


31,443,321  [38,558,371 


14,569,584 


2,728,116 


583,169 
317,976 
314,120 
994,514 
147,545 
.170,792 

.5,990,207 


3,097,394 

489,555 

2,311,786 

91,532 

5,851,201 


634,721 

1,421,661 
869,039 
668,507 
272,151 
982,405 

1,002,717 

8,622,292 


I860 


1870 


17,326,157   19,687,504 


1880 


1890 


50,186,209  62,979,766  76,303,387 


1900 


23,925,639  28,188,321  '33,.'»3,030 


3,135,283     3,487,924     4,010,529     4,700,749     5,592,017 


628,279  I 
326,073  I 
315,098  ' 
l,2;il.00('. 
174,620 
400, 147 


626,915 
318,300 
330,551 
1,4.57,351 
217,3.53 
537,454 


7,571,201  I  8,935,821 


rf,  880, 735 
672,035 

2,900,215 
112,216 

6,619,073 


762,129 

1,596,318 

992,022 

703,708 

299,411 

1,155,684 

1,109,801 

14,117,164 


4,.382,759 
906,096 

3,.521,951 
125,015 

7,263,759 


912,594 

1,667,177 
1,071,301 
7a5,606 
327,490 
1,321,011 
1,258,520 

18,870,867 


648,936 
346,991 
332,286 
1,783,085 
270,. 531 
622,700 


661,086 
376,530 
3ri,422 
2,238,947 
345,506 
746,258 


694,466 
411,588 
343,li41 
2,805,346 
428,. 550 
908,420 


10,643,486  |l2,874,713    15,639,413 


5,082,871 

1,131,116 

4,282,891 

146,608 

9,271,624 


6,003,174 

1, 444, 9.33 

5,258,113 

168,493 

10,612,859 


1,112,567 

2,131,022 
1,399,750 
995,. 577 
441,659 
1,648,690 
1,542,359 

26,263,570 


1,272,782 

2,418,774 
1,617,949 
1,151,149 
526,052 
1,858,035 
1,707,518 

34,791,445 


DiAdRAM  .3.— PER  CENT  OP  INCREASE  IN  POPULATK^N  BY  DECADES  FROM  1(>50  TO  1900. 


7,208,894 

1,883,0)19 

6,302,115 

184,735 

12,322,200 


1,466,702 

2,812,984 
1,893,810 
1,340,316 
640,  .5.38 
2,147,174 
2,020,616 

42,749,757 


65 
60 
55 
SO 
4& 
40 

V 

/ 

\ 

s 

/ 

V 

\ 

^ 

S^ 

y 

36 
30 
25 
20 
IS 
10 
5 

\ 

y 

/ 

N 

/ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

"^ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

1    t 

i 

3      ( 

•n         c 

3     < 

■>     < 

3     < 

}     < 

0           < 

5     < 

3     C 

3     < 

■>     ( 

5     < 

>    c 

5     C 

3     C 

5     O 

58 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Dividing  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  into  three 
geographic  groups,  it  is  found  that  between  1790 
and  1900  the  population  of  the  New  England  states 
increased  slightly  more  than  fivefold;  that  of  the 
Middle  states,  more  than  fifteenfold ;  and  that  of  the 
Southern  states,  more  than  sixfold.  Tliis  record  of 
population  change  suggests  that  the  most  striking 
increase  has  taken  place  in  the  two  states  which  are 
the  greatest  centers  of  commerce,  mining,  and  manu- 
facturing— New  York  and  Permsylvania. 

The  per  cent  of  decennial  increase  in  the  total  popu- 
lation of  the  United  States  from  1790  to  1900  was  as 
follows : 

1790  to  1800 35. 1 

1800  to  1810 36.  4 

1810  to  1820 33. 1 

1820  to  1830 33. 5 

1830  to  1840 32.  7 

1840  to  1850 35.  9 

1850  to  18C0 35.  6 

1860  to  1870 22.  6 

1870  to  1880 30. 1 

1880  to  1890 25.  5 

1890  to  1900 21.  2 

It  is  significant  that  from  1790  to  1860,  a  period  of 
seventy  years,  the  percentages  of  decennial  increase  in 
total  population  remained  reasonably  constant.  Tliis 
is  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  the  increase  of  popula- 
tion for  the  first  decade,  1790  to  1800,  was  35.1  per 
cent,  while  the  increase  for  the  seventh  decade,  1850 
to  1860,  was  35.6  per  cent. 

Such  noteworthy  uniformity  of  increase  naturally 
led  to  opinions  and  prophecies  concerning  the  future 
population  of  the  Repubhc  winch  proved  to  be  erro- 
neous. President  Lincoln,  in  his  annual  message  to 
Congress  in  1862,'  fell  into  the  error  of  assuming  that 
the  increase  of  population,  because  constant  for  more 
than  half  a  century,  would  so  continue,  and  upon  that 
assumption  predicted  for  1900  a  population  much 
greater  than  was  actually  realized. 

From  1850  to  1900  the  decennial  percentage  of 
increase  for  the  total  population  steadily  decHned, 
except  for  the  decade  1870  to  1880,  following  the 
Civil  War;  for  the  last  decade  of  the  century  only  21.2 
per  cent  increase  was  shown.  It  is  probable,  more- 
over, that  the  downward  tendency  here  shown  has 
not  been  arrested. 

Density  of  population. — In  1790  the  density  of  the 
enumerated  area  was  a  little  less  than  10  persons  per 
square  mile.     With  the  passage  of  the  century  the 

'  "At  the  same  ratios  of  increase  which  we  have  maintained,  on 
an  average,  from  our  first  national  census  of  1790  until  that  of  1860, 
we  should  in  1900  have  a  population  of  103,208,415  (in  1910,  138,- 
918,526).  And  why  may  we  not  continue  that  ratio  far  beyond  that 
period?  Our  abundant  room — our  broad,  natural  homestead — is 
our  ample  resource.  *  *  *  Our  country  may  be  as  populous  as 
Europe  now  is  at  some  point  between  1920  and  1930 — say  about 
1925 — our  territory,  at  73J  persons  to  the  square  mile,  being  of 
capacity  to  contain  217,186,000" — Messages  of  the  Presidents,  Vol 
Vl,  pages  1S8,  139. 


density  of  the  same  area  has  increased  practically  nine- 
fold, and  that  of  continental  United  States  as  a  whole 
has  nearly  trebled. 
Table  12. — Density  of  population  per  square  mile:  1790  and  I'JOO. 


Continental  United  States., 
Area  enumerated  in  1790 


New  England  states.. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island . . . . 
Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 


Southern  states. 


Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia' 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


Added  area'. 


1790 


9.4 


1900 


9.4 


80.4 


16.3 


3.2 
15.8 

9.3 
47.1 
63.4 
49.1 

10.0 


7.1 
24.7 

9.6 
30.2 

7.S 

32.2 
11.  S 
8.1 
8.3 
4.6 
1.8 
0.9 


90.2 


23.2 
45.7 
37.6 
348.9 
407.0 
187.5 

153.2 


152.6 

250.  3 

140.1 

94.3 

49.4 

147.9 
43.4 
39.0 
44.4 
a'i.9 
53.7 
48.4 

16.7 


'  Georgia  counties  covering  an  area  of  17,841  square  miles  were  enumerated  in 
1790.    The  rest  of  the  state  is  included  in  the  added  area. 

In  1790  Rhode  Island,  the  smallest  state  enumerated, 
reported  the  largest  number  of  inhabitants  per  square 
mile,  and  in  1900  it  still  retained  first  position.  But 
the  density  of  this  state  increased  less  than  sevenfold 
during  the  century ;  and  that  of  Massachusetts,  which 
was  second  in  rank  in  1900,  increased  less  than  eight- 
fold. The  great  increase  in  density  shown  during  the 
century  for  the  entire  area  enumerated  in  1790  was 
contributed  principally  by  those  portions  of  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Southern  states  which 
were  sparsely  populated  in  1790.  For  example,  Ken- 
tucky increased  thirtyfold  and  Teimessee  fiftyfold. 

States  showing  density,  in  1900,  less  than  average  for  U.  S.  in  1790. 


Upon  inspecting  the  density  of  population  in  the 
states  comprising  the  Union  in  1900,  as  shown  in  the 
Population  Reports  of  the  Twelfth  Census,''  it  becomes 

^  Twelfth  Census,  Report  on  Population,  Part  I,  page  xxxiii. 


AREA  AND  TOTAL  POPULATION. 


59 


evident  that  no  states  except  Florida,  North  Dakota, 
South  Dakota,  and  the  Western  states  now  have  a 
density  of  less  than  10  persons  per  square  mile,  or,  in 
other  words,  a  density  as  low  as  the  density  of  popula- 


tion for  the  entire  area  enumerated  in  1790.  Applying 
to  the  population  of  the  different  areas  of  enumeration 
in  continental  United  States  the  land  area  of  the  states 
and  territories  included,  the  following  figures  result: 


Table  13.— DENSITY  OF  POPULATION  IN  SPECIFIED  AREAS  OF  ENUMERATION  WITHIN  CONTINENTAL  UNITED 

STATES:  1790  TO  1900. 


ABEA  ENTJMEBATED— 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

In  lS90and  1900 

1 

1 

21.2 
21.6 
28.6 
46.9 
SOO 
52.4 
57.2 
67.6 

13.6 

25.6 

In  IKW,  1870,  and  1880 

1 

10.8 
15.2 
2G.0 
28.0 
30.1 
33.4 
41.5 

6.7 

13.3 
18.4 
31.3 
33.8 
35.6 
39.3 
47.2 

7.6 

i7.3 
23.4 
£9.0 
41.9 
44.0 
48.2 
57.4 

10  6 

25.9 

In  1850      

11.3 
19.7 
22.1 
23.3 
26.3 
34.9 

6.3 

34  4 

In  1840 



14.7 
16.6 
17.5 
20.1 
28.2 

7.1 

55.9 

In  1820 

12.6 
13.3 
15.5 
24.5 

4.3 

60  5 

In  1810  and  1820 

7.5 
8.9 
16.3 

0.8 

io.o 

•11.7 
19.9 

2.4 

62.3 

In  IhOO 

6.0 
12.6 

0.2 

68.0 

In  1790 

9.4 

o0.4 

16.7 

First  In  1800... 

0.2 

0.9 
0.6 

2.9 
1.4 

5.7 
2.3 
0.6 

11.3 

5.0 
1.0 
0.3 

17.0 
8.5 
1.6 
1.5 
0.4 

24.6 
14.0 
2.6 
6.2 
1.3 
0.2 

30.8 
17.6 
3.4 
12.0 
1.9 
0.7 

38.3 
23.5 
4.9 
17.6 
3.3 
2.3 

45.8 
29.6 
7.1 
23.6 
5.1 
4.5 
2.0 

54.6 

First  in  1810 

34.8 

First  In  18o0 

9.6 

First  in  1840 

29.2 

First  in  1850 , 

6.7 

First  in  18t0 T 

6.1 

First  in  1890                         . .             

8.3 

Diagram  4. — Increase  in  density  in  original  a7id  added  area:  1790  to 

1900. 


90 
60 

/ 

70 

/ 

/ 

50 

/ 

^/ 

/ 

30 

20 

0 

0 

/ 

/ 

/ 

y 

y 

/ 

,'' 

^ 

,^'' 

--'' 



— — 

^pc 

£0,. 

1790    1800    1810     1820    leaO    I840    IQbO    1860     1870   I8B0    1890    1900 


Between  1790  and  1900  the  density  of  population  in 
the  area  enumerated  in  1790  increased  nearly  nine- 
fold. In  the  same  period  the  density  of  the  added 
area  as  a  whole  increased  from  nothing  to  16.7,  so  that 
in  1900  it  was  about  one-fifth  as  great  as  that  of  the 
original  area. 

The  above  table  shows  very  clearly  that  detailed 
comparisons  between  the  original  and  tlie  added  area 
are  hkely  to  be  misleading,  because  of  the  composite 
character  of  the  latter.  The  areas  added  in  1800, 
1810,  and  1840,  which  together  comprise  practically 
all  of  the  states  tying  in  the  fertile  valley  of  the 
Mississippi  and  east  of  that  river,  had  attained  in  1 900 
a  density  of  from  .30  to  50  persons  per  square  mile.  In 
Florida,  which  includes  large  areas  of  swamp  land,  the 
density  after  seventy  years  was  only  9.7  persons  per 
square  mile.  AVest  of  the  Mississippi  the  densitj'^  is  not 
very  great ;  but  it  has  doubled  in  the  twenty  )'ears  since 
1880,  and  will  doubtless  continue  to  increase. 

The  changes  in  density  during  the  century  illustrate 
effectively  the  influence  of  industrial  development  upon 
the  growth  and  the  movement  of  population.  In 
several  states  of  the  original  area  this  influence  h:is 
produced  conditions,  and  resulting  densities,  wliich 
approximate  those  of  some  of  the  countries  of  Europe. 
Thus,  the  density  of  Rhode  Island  (407.0)  in  1900  was 
nearly  the  same  as  that  of  Holland  (406.4)  in  1899; 
the  density  of  Massachusetts  (348.9)  corresponded 
with  that  of  the  United  Kingdom  (341.6)  in  1901; 
and  the  density  of  Connecticut  (187.5)  corresponded 
with  that  of  France  (190.7)  in  1901.  Had  the  density 
of  continental  United  States  been  as  great  as  that  of 
Russia  in  Europe  (50.3)  in  1897  the  population  of 
continental  United  States  in  1900  would  have  been 
approximately  1.50,000.000:  had  it  been  as  great  as 
that  of  France,  the  population  would  have  been  more 
than  500,000,000. 


V.  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS. 

COUNTY  AREAS  MADE  COMPARABLE— POPULATION  OF  MINOR 
CIVIL  DIVISIONS— NAMES  OF  TOWNS  NOT  RETURNED 
SEPARATELY  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS— POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


POPUI-ATION    OF    COUNTIES. 

In  1790  there  were  292  counties  in  the  area  enumer- 
ated; in  1900  there  were  784  coimties  in  tlie  same  area. 
Of  the  292  counties  enumerated  in  1790,  however,  few 
were  even  approximately  the  same  in  area  as  the  coun- 
ties bearing  the  same  name  a  century  later.  In  order, 
therefore,  to  determine  what  changes  have  occurred  in 
county  population,  it  is  necessary  first  to  ascertain,  as 
accurately  as  possible,  the  1900  areas  comparable  with 
those  which  existed  under  the  same  county  names  in 
1790.> 

The  population  in  1900  of  the  counties  included  in 
the  area  enumerated  in  1790  is  presented  in  Table  105 
(page  201),  in  comparison  with  the  returns  for  1790. 
As  this  adjustment  has  been  made  in  connection  with 
the  classification  of  population  by  color,  sex,  and  age, 
some  reference  to  the  more  important  facts  indicated  will 
be  found  in  the  section  dealing  with  that  classification. 

The  statement  has  frequently  been  made  that  many 
of  the  counties  in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  have 
decreased  in  population  during  the  nineteenth  century. 
The  following  analysis  of  county  areas  in  the  several 
states  enumerated  in  1790,  according  to  the  amount 
of  increase  or  decrease,  is  based  upon  the  comparable 
areas  presented  in  Table  105: 

'  The  changes  in  most  oases  have  been  in  the  direction  of  organiz- 
ing new  counties  from  the  area  existing  under  the  county  name  in 
1790;  in  Maine,  for  example,  5  counties  only  had  been  erected  in 
1790,  as  compared  with  16  in  1900.  Wherever  a  1790  county  line 
passed  through  a  town  having  over  500  inhabitants  in  1900,  estimated 
parts  of  such  population  were  assigned  to  the  counties  on  each  side 
of  the  line. 

For  determining  the  changes  in  county  areas  which  have  occurred 
during  the  century,  three  general  sources  of  information  are  avail- 
able: (1)  The  statutes  of  the  several  states;  (2)  maps  made  in  1790, 
or  sufficiently  near  that  year  to  show  with  reasonable  accuracy  the 
counties  as  they  were  at  the  time;  and  (3)  gazetteers,  yearbooks, 
and  state  histories  and  manuals.  Beginning  with  the  Ninth  Census 
(1870)  the  Federal  census  reports  upon  population  have  recorded 
the  changes  made  in  the  area  of  counties  during  the  decade  preced- 
ing the  publication  of  the  report.  This  material  was  useful  to  sup- 
plement similarly  detailed  information  for  the  period  from  1790  to 
1860,  when  the  latter  could  be  secured. 

The  statutes  of  the  several  states  must  be  accepted  as  the  most 
reliable  source  of  information  for  this  analysis.  In  cases  where 
natural  boundaries,  such  as  rivers,  bays,  mountain  ridges,  etc.,  are 
specified  as  county  limits,  these  can  be  readily  located  upon  recent 
maps,  and  hence  the  county  boundaries  as  they  existed  in  1790  can 
easily  be  determined.  Such  natural  features  bounded  in  whole 
or  in  part  the  counties  of  Maryland  and  Kentucky  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  For  these  states,  therefore,  little  evidence 
was  required  in  addition  to  that  derived  from  state  statutes.  In 
most  instances,  however,  the  statutes  in  defining  county  lines  refer 
to  landmarks  which  have  long  since  vanished,  such  as  "a  stick  and 
stones,"  or  "three  trees,"  or  to  the  property  of  persons  long  since 
deceased,  which  can  not  now  be  ea-nily  identified.  Determination 
of  the  exact  location  of  such  landmarks  would  have  required  much 
detailed  research,  involving  great  expense,  and  was  obviously  im- 
practicable.    Hence,  in  such  cases  it  has  been  necessary  to  rely 

(60) 


Table  14. — Counties  enumerated  in  1790,  classified  according  to  the 
amount  of  increase  or  decrease  of  population  within  their  boundaries 
from  1790  to  1900. 


Total 
num- 
ber of 
coun- 
ties. 

Num- 
ber of 
coun- 
ties de- 
creas- 
ing. 

NUMBER  OF  COUNTIES  IN- 
CKEASINO— 

STATE   OR  TERRITORY. 

Less 
than 
25  per 
cent. 

From 
25  to 
100  per 
cent. 

From 

100  to 

500  per 

cent. 

Over 
500 
per 

cent. 

Area  enumerated  in  179(f 

292 

10 

15 

51 

122 

94 

41 

1 

10 

16 

14 

5 
5 
7 
11 
5 
8 

52 

1 
3 
3 
3 
.     2 
4 

23 

4 

2 
2 
2 

1 
3 

2 

2 

Massachusetts          

1 

5 

2 

1 

Middle  states 

27 

New  York 

15 

13 

21 

3 

199 

1 

5 
9 
7 
2 

83 

9 

.          4 

14 

1 
39 

Southern  states 

9 



15 

53 

19 
78 
54 
20 
11 
9 
8 

1 
8 

3 
11 

6 

23 

6 

4 

6 
24 
34 
9 
4 
2 
4 

3 

Virginiai                  

12 

North  Carolina 

14 

South  Carolina 

.      1 

6 

Georgia 

7 

7 

Tennessee 

4 

1  Includes  West  Virginia. 


upon  maps  of  the  1790  period  and  upon  the  secondary  sources  of 
information  above  mentioned. 

Maps  for  1790,  or  for  years  close  to  that  date,  are  available  for  most 
of  the  states  enumerated  in  1790.  But  the  best  maps  of  the  period 
are  to  some  extent  incorrect  both  in  boundai'ies  and  in  areas;  few  of 
them  indicate  the  boundaries  of  counties,  and  even  these  sometimes 
proved  useless  on  account  of  inaccuracy.  For  the  states  of  Virginia 
and  Georgia  no  maps  containing  the  county  lines  could  be  found, 
and  it  is  probable  that  none  are  in  existence.  It  is  curious  that 
Virginia,  in  which  the  oldest  settlements  and  the  largest  population 
e'xisted  at  the  First  Census,  should  be  one  of  the  states  for  which 
such  important  information  is  entirely  lacking. 

Gazetteers,  yearbooks,  and  state  histories  and  manuals  proved 
useful  as  guides  and  as  a  secondary  source  of  information,  and  data 
thus  .secured  were  freely  used  aa  a  basis  for  constructing  county  lines 
where  more  direct  evidence  was  lacking  or  could  not  be  secured 
without  great  expenditure  of  clerical  labor.  A  few  of  the  state 
manuals  contain  carefully  compiled  data  recording  all  changes  in 
the  areas  of  counties;  for  example,  the  manual  of  the  state  of  Massa- 
chusetts specifies  the  date  of  transfer  of  all  towns  or  parts  of  towns 
from  one  county  to  another.  But  in  general,  publications  of  this 
character  contain  merely  a  list  of  the  counties,  with  the  date  of 
formation  and  the  county  or  counties  from  which  formed.  Such 
information  proved  helpful,  however,  because  it  facilitated  the 
work  of  combining  the  1900  counties,  or  parts  of  coimties,  which 
were  formed  from  any  county  enumerated  in  1790.  It  was  also 
useful  in  verifying  the  boundaries  shown  in  maps  and  in  making 
clear  .some  of  the  lines  specified  in  the  statutes. 

From  this  explanation  of  the  method  of  procedure  adopted,  it  is 
obvious  that  absolute  accuracy  has  not  been  secured  in  the  attempt 
to  obtain  comparable  areas  at  the  first  and  last  censuses.  But  for  the 
desired  purpose — that  of  establishing  a  reasonable  basis  of  compari- 
son— the  county  lines,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  maps  and 
utilized  in  the  tables,  are  without  question  sufficiently  accurate. 


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MASSACHUSETTS,  CONNECTICUT,  AND  RHODE  ISLAND— CHANGES  IN  COUNTY  LINES:  1790  AND  1900. 

[Red  lines  indicate  1790  boundaries.] 


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GEORGIA-CHANGES  IN  COUNTY  LINES:  1790  AND  1900. 
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POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS. 


71 


Upon  this  basis,  which  is  obviously  the  onlj^  correct 
method  of  analysis,  decreases  are  shown  for  only  1 
county  in  New  England  (Nantucket  Island),  1  in 
Maryland,  and  8  in  Virginia.  In  other  words,  of  the 
county  areas  enumerated  in  1790  only  about  ,3  per  cent 
showed  a  decrease  during  the  century  which  has 
elapsed  since  the  First  Census.  On  the  other  hand, 
approximately  three-fourths  of  the  entire  number  have 
increased  much  more  than  100  per  cent,  and  about  one- 
third  showed  a  population  increase  of  over  500  percent. 


One  hundred  and  fortj'-eight  counties  in  the  area 
enumerated  in  1790  reported  a  maximum  popu- 
lation at  some  year  since  1850  but  prior  to  1900, 
without  having  undergone  any  change  of  area  suf- 
ficient to  explain  the  lower  figure.  The  following 
table  shows  that  in  the  aggregate  the  maximum 
population  of  these  counties  exceeded  their  popu- 
lation in  1900  by  244,763,  or  7.8  per  cent.  Tliis 
fact  is  shown  graphically  in  the  map  on  the  next 
page. 


Table  15.-NUMBER  OF  COUNTIES  IN  AREA  ENUMERATED  IN  1790  REACHING  MAXIMUIkl  POPULATION  PRIOR  TO 
1900,  WITU  THE  POPULATION  IN  1900,  AND  THE  AGGREGATE  M.^XIMUAI  POPULATION  OF  SUCH  COUNTIES. 


STATE  OE  TEKEITOaT. 

Number 

of 
counties. 

Population 
in  1900. 

AfiKiegate 
maximum 
population. 

;  KVMBEB  or  couirmta  reachino  maxi- 

HVH   POPULATION  IN— 

I8W 

isao 

1870 

1880 

1890 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

., 

9 

.. 

to  1            i> 

New  England 

24 

564,738 

637,605 

4   i               o   1 

Maine 

8 
3 
10 
2 

216,362 
54,430 

238,591 
30,832 

244,613 
60.161 

263,308 
44,442 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 
1 

3 

2 

New  Hampshire 

i 

i 

\  ermon  t 

1 

1 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

i           24,523 
43  1    1,467,648 

25,081 
1,571,390 

1 
u 

Middle  states 

3 

2 

3 

24 

NewYork 

25 
1 

16 
1 

81 

958, 8S1 
34,507 

441,528 
32,762 

1,119,684 

1,032,815 
38.570 
467,131 
32,874 

1.187,838 

3 

2 

3 

13 

1 
9 
1 

39 

4 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

7 

Delaware 

........ 

Southern  states 

3 

7 

2 

30 

Man-land 

5 
29 

99,180 
339,716 

104,444 
366,970 

4 
15 

Virginia 

2 

7 

We.sf  Vlrelnia 

N'ortii  Carolina 

9 

145,881 

163,874 

2 

Sou  th  Carolina 

16 
13 
9 

168,184 
188,678 
178,046 

177,852 
198,094 
186,604 

1 

1 
1 

8 
6 
6 

Kentucky 

The  preponderance  of  maximum  population  at  the 
Tenth  Census  was  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
agricultural  prosperity  of  the  original  area  of  the 
United  States  reached  its  highest  point  about  1S80; 
after  that  date  the  competition  of  the  West  in  agricul- 
tural products  became  rapidly  greater,  thus  increasing 


the  problems  of  the  eastern  farmer,  and  offering  added 
inducements  for  removal  to  more  favored  sections  or 
for  migration  to  cities. 

The  following  table  presents  a  classification  of  coun- 
ties by  specified  sizes  at  intervals  of  practically  half  a 
century: 


Table  16.— COUTN'TIES  IN  THE  IGNITED  STATES  GROUPED  ACCORDING  TO  SIZE  AS  MEASURED  BY  POPULATION, 
WITH  NUMBER  AND  PROPORTION  OF  POPULATION  IN  EACH  GROUP:  1790,  1850,   AND  1900.' 


1790 

1860 

IMO 

For  total  area. 

For  area  enumerated  at 
First  Census. 

For  total  area. 

For  area  enumerated  at 
First  Census. 

LIMITS  OF  POPULATION. 

Coun- 
ties. 

Population, 

Coun- 
ties. 

Population. 

Coun- 
ties. 

Population. 

Coun- 
Ues. 

Population. 

Coim- 

Papulation. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
totaL 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
totaL 

All  counties 

292 

3.929,62.5 

100.0 

1,621 

23,191.876 

100.0 

749 

15,203,618 

100.0 

2.713 

72,682,620 

loao 

784 

32,423,487 

loao 

Less  than  5.000 

42 
106 
56 
38 
14 
11 
15 
6 
5 

136,755 
779. 720 
690,  .138 
662,499 
312.774 
310.  2.W 
509.681 
222.741 
304,667 

3.5 
19.8 
17.6 
16  9 
8.0 
7.9 
13.0 
5.7 
7.8 

436       1.149.920 

5.0 
13.6 
16.2 
11.2 
8.7 
7.8 
9.2 
6.6 
23.0 

71  1        257.604 
214  ,     1.596,663 
168  1    2,086,184 
76  1    1,310.572 
59       1,307.537 
39       1.061.812 
45;     1, .574,383 
24        l,a'<0.065 
!        53       4,958.798 

1.7 
10.5 
13.7 
8.6 
8.6 
7.0 

ia4 

6.9 
32.6 

375 
397 
417 
459 
304 
219 
224 
99 
2:9 

979.746 
3.072.602 
5.210,957 
7,990,377 
6,784.301 
6.002.795 
7.t>13.744 
4. 426.  f>'>5 
3a.l«1.234 

1.3 
4.2 
7.2 
11.0 
9.3 

as 
ia5 

6.1 
42.1 

18           77.237 
107          845.122 
127       1,579.431 
141       2.460.495 
83  1     1.862.318 
67       1,831.416 
80      2,709.902 
37  .     1.666,711 
124     19,411,866 

a2 

5.000  to  10.000 

428 
303 
150 
91 
66 

56 

3,130.978 
3.748.171 
2,604,223 
2,011,408 
1,801,368 
2,133,465 
1.272.263 
6,340,080 

2.6 

10.000  to  l.i.OOO 

15.000  to  20.000 

4.9 
7.6 

20.CC0to2'),000..          .   . 

6.7 

25.000  to  30.000 

6.6 

30.000  to  40.000.. 

8.4 

40.000  to  50.000 

6.  1 

60,000  and  over . . . 

69.9 

'  Limited  to  areas  having  oitranlzed  county  government, 
the  districts  of  Alaska,  or  the  Islands  of  Hawaii. 


Not  including  the  District  of  Columbia,  citlea  independent  of  county  organiiation,  Indian  leserratiou, 


„    ^TiTnTi  tlin  TPCiS  POPULATION  IN  1900  THAN   AT   SOME   PREVIOUS 
COUNTIES  IN  AKEA  ^^^^l-f^-^^.'^'.^^S^,'^^^  IN  AKEA. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS. 


73 


The  population  conditions  prevailing  in  the  United 
States  in  1790 — when  the  two  groups  of  counties  hav- 
ing between  5,000  and  20,000  inhabitants  included 
more  than  half  of  the  population  and  two-thirds  of  the 
counties — had  changed  materially  by  1850,  and  by 
1900  the  class  which  j)reponderated  in  1790  had 
become  comparatively  insignificant.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  group  which  preponderated  in  1900 — that 
having  a  population  of  50,000  or  over,  which  included 
219  counties  and  two-fifths  of  the  population — in  1790 
included  but  5  counties  and  less  than  10  per  cent  of  the 
population. 

In  1900  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  contained  784 
counties.  A  comparison  of  the  population  of  these 
counties  from  decade  to  decade  shows  in  many  in- 
stances apparent  decrease  in  inhabitants,  but  in  a  large 
proportion  of  these  cases  such  decrease  is  the  result 
of  changes  in  county  areas — the  tendency,  as  popula- 
tion grew  denser,  being  to  subdivide  large  counties. 

POPULATION    OF    MINOR    CIVIL    DIVISIONS. 

Local  organization  within  counties  in  1790  has  already 
been  described  briefly  in  Chapter  II,  in  connection  with 
the  subjects  of  boundaries  and  area  of  the  United  States 
in  1790.  Minor  civil  divisions  (subdivisions  of  the 
counties)  were  returned  separately  at  the  census  of 
1790  for  the  New  England  states  and  for  a  portion  of 
the  Middle  states,  but  not  for  any  Southern  state. 
This  makes  the  county  the  smallest  unit  available  for 
comparison  when  the  entire  Republic  is  considered. 

In  1790,  in  all  settled  portions  of  New  England,  the 
boundaries  of  the  towns  were  specified  in  the  charters, 
and  were  well  defined.  It  was  therefore  natural  to 
expect  that  the  enumerators  and  marshals  would  make 
their  returns  by  towns.  All  returns  were  by  towns, 
except  for  New  London  county,  Conn.  The  sum- 
mary of  the  marshal  for  Connecticut,  however,  did  not 
give  the  population  of  minor  civil  divisions  in  any 
county. 

In  the  Middle  states,  except  in  the  more  thickly  set- 
tled sections,  the  boundaries  of  the  minor  civil  divi- 
sions were  less  clearly  defined  than  in  New  England, 
and  more  unstable.  The  county  was  the  important 
subdivision,  and  doubtless  many  of  the  enumerators, 
in  the  absence  of  definite  instructions,  considered  a 
return  of  the  minor  subdivisions  of  small  consequence 
even  where  practicable. 

All  the  enumerators  for  New  York  showed  the  popu- 
lation of  the  townships  under  the  counties.  In  the 
Census  report,  however,  the  population  of  Ontario 
county — which  included  all  the  western  portion  of  the 
state — is  not  shown  by  townships. 

The  1790  schedules  for  New  Jersey  are  not  in 
existence.  The  marshal  for  New  Jersey  included  in 
his  summary  the  names  of  the  townships  in  the  13 
counties  which  composed  the  state,  but  reported  the 
population  of  individual  townships  for  only  5  counties. 


or  scarcely  more  than  one-third  of  the  total  number. 
If  the  enumerators  in  the  remaining  8  counties — which 
were  not  confined  to  any  one  section  of  tiie  state — 
were  required  to  ascertain  the  population  by  town- 
ships, they  probably  succeeded  in  doing  so  with 
little  or  no  difficulty.  Hence  the  responsibility  for  in- 
consistent returns  must  have  rested  with  the  marshal. 

Of  the  21  counties  in  Pennsylvania  in  1790,  only  9 
of  the  older  settled  counties  were  returned  by  town- 
ships or  minor  civil  divisions.  For  5  other  counties 
the  returns  were  partly  by  minor  civil  divisions  and 
partly  grouped  under  such  phrases  as  "remainder  of 
county"  or  "eastern  (or  western)  portion  of  county." 
For  the  remaining  7  counties,  which  were  practically 
unsettled,  and  might  be  termed  frontier  counties,  the 
population  was  given  for  the  county  only,  with  the 
comment  "not  returned  by  townships." 

The  returns  for  Delaware  and  for  all  the  Southern 
states  were  presented  by  counties  only.  In  the  South 
the  roads  were  poor,  even  in  the  more  thickly  settled 
districts,  and  at  a  distance  from  the  coast  they  degen- 
erated into  trails  or  ceased  entirely,  so  that  the  geog- 
raphers of  that  period  found  it  difficult  to  construct 
maps  which  would  present  the  physical  formation  with 
accuracy;  it  was  not  to  be  expected  that  an  enumer- 
ation made  under  such  difficulties  could  present  accu- 
rately the  population  bydivisionssmallerthan  counties, 
even  where  such  divisions  existed.  In  the  returns  for 
Virginia  and  South  Carolina  the  population  of  the  most 
important  places  was  appended;  the  returns  for  the 
District  of  Kentucky  gave  separately  the  population 
of  5  towns.  Villages  existed  within  the  counties,  and 
the  boundaries  of  the  larger  villages  were  probably  well 
defined.  But  inasmuch  as  they  were  subject  to  change 
by  the  local  authorities  at  pleasure,  it  is  probable  that 
Uttle  importance  attached  to  them  as  separate  units. 
This  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  in  1790  many  vil- 
lages had  two  names,  as  Waltliam,  or  Westham,  in 
Henrico  county,  Va. ;  and  also  b}'  the  fact  that  in  many 
cases  the  same  village  is  designated  by  different  names 
on  different  maps  published  about  that  time. 

Attempts  to  ascertain  from  outside  sources  the 
names  of  townships  and  of  villages  or  other  settlements 
which  existed  in  1790  but  were  not  reported  at  the 
First  Census,  made  it  evident  that  complete  lists  of 
minor  civil  divisions  are  not  available  for  anj'  of  the 
Southern  states.  For  Virginia  it  was  possible  to  com- 
pile from  a  contemporarj-  histoni'  a  reasonably  accu- 
rate list  of  settlements  which  were  in  existence  in  1 790 ; 
but  the  lack  of  such  lists  for  other  states,  and  the  diffi- 
culty in  securing  information  upon  this  subject,  justify 
the  inclusion  in  this  publication  of  the  following  lists 
of  minor  civil  divisions,  which  were  compiled,  after 
considerable  inquiry  and  research,  from  the  principal 
gazetteers,  maps,  etc.,  of  the  period,  and  from  lists  of 
post  offices  as  they  existed  in  1 796.  After  having  been 
prepared  with  care,  these  fists  were  submitted  to  oflS- 
cials   of  state    historical    societies   in    Pennsylvania, 


74 

Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee,  respec- 
tively. Thus  they  have  received  the  consideration  and 
revision  of  the  most  competent  authorities  in  the 
states  considered. 

No  dofmite  information  exists  as  to  the  exact  legal 
status  of  the  436  communities  or  settlements  in  the 
Southern  states  which  possessed  sufficient  importance 
to  appear  in  the  records  of  the  states,  thus  justifymg 
inclusion  below.  Some  of  them  doubtless  had  a  mu- 
nicipal form  of  government,  however  small  their  pop- 
ulation; others  may  have  been  townships  in  the 
geographic  sense,  possibly  without  population;  still 
others  may  have  been  settlements  without  any  town- 
ship formation  below  the  county. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

[Those  counties  for  which  minor  civil  divisions  are  not  given  in 
the  census  returns,  or  are  given  in  part  only.] 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


PENNSYLVANIA — continued. 


Allegheny  county: 

Deer. 

Depreciation  tract.' 

Elizabeth. 

Fayette. 

Indiana. 

Mifllin. 

Moon. 

Ohio. 

Pine. 

Pitt. 

Pittsburgh  town. 

Plum. 

Robinson. 

Ross. 

St.  Clair. 

Versailles. 
Bedford  county: 

Bedford. 

Belfast. 

Bethel. 

Brothers  Valley. 

Colerain. 

Cumberland  Valley. 

Dublin. 

Elk  Lick. 

Hopewell. 

Londonderry. 

Millford. 

Providence. 

Tiu-key  Foot. 

Woodberry. 
Bucks  county: 

Bedminster. 

Bensalem. 

Bri-stol. 

Buckingham. 

Durham. 

Falls. 

Haycock. 

Ililltown. 

Lower  Makefield. 

Lower  Milford. 

Middletown. 

New  Britain. 

Newtown. 

Nockamixon. 

Northampton. 


Bucks  county — Continued. 

Oxford. 

Plumstead. 

Rockhill. 

Solebury. 

Southampton. 

Springfield. 

Tinicum. 

Upper  Makefield. 

Warminster. 

Warrington. 

Warwick. 

Wrightstown. 
Cumberland  county: 

Allen. 

Carlisle. 

East  Pennsborough. 

Hopewell. 

Middletown. 

Newton. 

Rye. 

Tybom. 

Tyrone. 

Westpensboro. 
Dauphin  county: 

Bethel. 

Derry. 

East  Hanover. 

Harrisburgh  town. 

Heidleberg. 

Lebanon. 

Londonderry. 

Lower  Paxtang. 

Upper  Paxtang. 

West  Hanover. 
Franklin  county: 

Antrim. 

Fannet. 

Greene. 

Guildford. 

Hamilton. 

Letterkenney. 

Lurgau. 

Montgomery. 

Peters. 

Southampton. 

Washington. 


'  Lands  north  of  the  Ohio  river  and  west  of  the  .Allegheny  river, 
ordered  to  be  sold  by  the  state  at  public  auction  and  to  be  paid  for 
by  certificates  issued  by  the  state  and  representing  the  deprecia- 
tion of  the  currency  theretofore  paid  out  by  the  state. 


Huntingdon  county: 
Barree. 
Dublin. 

Frankstown. 

Hopewell. 

Huntingdon. 

Shirley. 

Woodberry. 
Luzerne  county: 

Exeter. 

Hanover. 

Kingston. 

Lachawanock. 

Newport. 

Pittston. 

Plymouth. 

Salem. 

Tunkahannock. 

Tyoga. 

Wilkesbarre. 

Willingborough. 

Wyal  using. 
Mifflin  county: 

Armagh. 

Derry. 

Fermanagh. 

Greenwood. 

Lack. 

Lewistown. 

Milford. 

Upper  Bald  Eagle. 

Wayne. 
Montgomery  county : 

Abington. 

Cheltenham. 

Douglass. 

Franconia. 

Frederick. 

Gvnned. 

Hatfield. 

Horsham. 

Limerick. 

Lower  Merion. 

Lower  Salford. 

Marlborough. 

Montgomery. 

Moreland. 

New  Hanover. 

Norriton. 

Perkiomen. 

Plymouth. 

Providence. 

Springfield. 

Toamencing. 


Kent  county: 

Dover. 

Duck  Creek. 

Frederica. 

Milford. 
Newcastle  county: 

Christiana. 

Middletown. 

Newark. 

Newcastle. 

Newport. 


Allegany  county: 

Cumberland. 

Old  Town. 
Ann- Arundel  county: 

Annapolis. 

Elkridge. 

Hitton. 

London. 
Baltimore  county: 

Ctotham. 

Hookstown. 

Reistertown. 


I  Montgomery  co\inty — Cont'd. 
Upper  Dublin. 
Upper  Hanover. 
Upper  Merion. 
Upper  Salford. 
Whitemarsh. 
Whitepaine. 
W^orcester. 
Northumberland  county: 
Augusta. 
Bald  Eagle. 
Beaver  Dam. 
Buffaloe. 
Catawessy. 
Chilisquaque. 
Derry. 

Fishing  Creek. 
Loyalsock. 
Lycoming. 
Mahoning. 
Mahonoy. 
Muncy. 
Nepanese. 
Penn's. 
Pine  Creek. 
Point. 
Potters. 
Shamokin. 
Turbut. 
Washington. 
Whitedeer. 
Washington  coimty: 
Amyell. 
Chartier. 
Coecil. 
Cross  Creek. 
Cumberland. 
Donegal. 
East  Bethlehem. 
Fallowfield. 
Findlay. 
Franklin. 
Greene. 
Hanover. 
Hopewell. 
Morgan. 
Morris. 
Nottingham. 
Peters. 
Smiths. 
Strabane. 
Summerset. 
Washington. 
West  Bethlehem. 


DELAWARE. 

Newcastle  county — Continued. 

St.  Georges. 

Stanton. 

Wilmington. 
Sussex  county: 

Dagsboro. 

Georgetown. 

Lewes. 
County  not  specified : 

CantweU's  Bridge. 

MARYLAND. 


Baltimore  town  and  precincts: 

Baltimore. 
Calvert  county: 

Hunting  Town. 

Lower  Marlborough. 

Prince  Frederick. 

St.  Leonards. 
Caroline  county: 

Denton. 

Federalsburg. 

Greensborough. 

Hillsborough. 


POPULATIOX  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS. 


75 


UABYLAMD — conti&ued. 


Cecil  county: 

Charles  town. 

Elkton. 

Frederick. 

French  Town. 

Warwick. 
Charle.s  county: 

Allan's  Fresh. 

Benedict. 

Bristol. 

Byran  Town. 

Cedar  Point. 

Newport. 

Port  Tobacco. 
Dorchester  county: 

Bucktown. 

Cambridge. 

Hunting-Creek-town. 

Indian-Town. 

Newmarket. 

Vienna. 
Frederick  county: 

Emmitsburgh. 

Fredericktown. 

Leesburg. 

Liberty-Town. 

Newmarket. 

Taneytown. 

Westminster. 
Harford  county: 

Abinp;don. 

Bellaire. 

Coop-stown. 

Harford.' 

Havre  de  Gras. 

Joppa. 
Kent  county: 

Bridgetown. 

Chester. 

Georgetown. 

Massy's  Cross  Roads. 

St.  James. 

Sassafras. 


Accomack  county: 

Accomac  (Court  House). ^ 

Horn  town. 
Albemarle  county: 

Charlottesville. 

Milton. 

Warren. 
Amelia  county: 

Winterham. 
Amherst  county: 

Cabellsburg. 

New  Glasgow. 

Warminster. 
Augusta  county: 

Staunton. 
Bedford  county: 

Liberty. 

New  London. 
Berkley  county: 

Bath  (Court  House). 

Bucklestown. 

Charlestown. 

Gerardstown. 

Marti  nsburg. 

Middletown. 

Shepherdstown." 
Botetourt  county: 

Fincastle. 

Pattonsburg. 
Buckingham  county: 

Greensville. 

New  Canton. 

'  Also  called  Bush  Town. 
'  Now  Hambleton. 
'  Also  called  Hagorstown. 
*  Also  called  Funk's  town. 
'Also  called  Drunuuondstown. 


Kent  county — Continued. 

Swantown. 
Montgomery  county: 

Montgomery  C.  H. 

Lenity  town. 
Prince  Georges  county: 

BladensTjurg. 

Nottingham. 

Piscataway. 

Queen  Anne. 

Upper  Marlborough. 
Queen  Anns  county: 

Bridge-town. 

Centre\ille. 

Church  Hill. 

Mount  Pleasant. 

Queenstown. 

Ruthsborough. 
St.  Marys  county: 

Chaptico. 

Leonardstown. 
Somersett  county: 

Princess  Ann. 

Salisbury. 

Trap. 
Talbot  county: 

Ea.ston. 

Hole-in-the-WalL' 

Hooktown. 

Kingston. 

Oxford. 

Williamsburg. 

Trappe. 
Washington  county: 

Elizabeth.^ 

Hancock. 

Jerusalem.* 

Margarettsville. 

Sharpsburg. 

Willianieport. 
Worcester  county: 

Snowhill. 


Campbell  county: 

Lynchburgh. 
Caroline  county: 

Bowlin"  Green.' 

North  Wales. 

Port  Royal. 
Charlotte  county: 

Charlotte  (Court  House).' 

Jefferson. 
Chesterfield  county: 

Bermuda  Hundred. 

Gates  ville. 

Manchester. 

Pocahantas. 

Warwick. 
Culpeper  county: 

Culpeper  (Court  House).* 

Stevensburg. 
Cumberland  county: 

Cartersville. 

Chester. 

Cumberland  (Court  House). 

Effingham. 
Dinwiddle  county: 

Petersburg. 
Elizabeth  City  county: 

Hampton. 
Essex  county: 

Beaufort. 

Botetourt. 

Laytons. 

Tappahannock. 


'  Also  called  Mecklenburg. 
'Originally  called  New  Hope. 
*  Also  called  Marysville. 
'  Formerly  called  Fairfax. 


TiRoiNiA^-coDtinued. 


Fairfax  county: 

Alexandria. 

Colchester. 

Matildaville. 

Philee. 

Salisbury. 

Shippandstown. 
Fauquier  county: 

Carolandsville. 
Fluvanna  county: 

Columbia. 
Franklin  county: 

Rocky  Mount. 
Frederick  county: 

Frontroyal. 

StevensDurg.'" 

Winchester. 
Gloucester  county: 

Gloucester. 
Goochland  county: 

Goochland  (Court  House). 
Greenbrier  county: 

Lewisburg. 
Greensville  county: 

Hicksford. 
Halifax  county: 

Halifax  (Court  House)." 

Peytonsburg. 
Hampsnire  county: 

Frank  ford. 

Romney. 

Watson. 
Hanover  county: 

Hanover  (I'ourt  House). 

Hanover-Town.'* 

New  Castle. 
Hardy  county: 

Moorefields. 
Harrison  county: 

Clarksburg. 
Henrico  county: 

Richmond. 

Westham." 
Isle  of  Wight  county: 

Smithfield. 
James  City  county: 

Jamestown. 

Williamsburg. 
Jefferson  county: 

Charlestown. 
Kanawha  county: 

Kanawha  (Court  House)  '* 
King  George  county: 

New  Marlborough. 
King  William  county: 

Delaware." 
Lancaster  county : 

Gordonsville. 

Lancaster  (Court  House). 
Loudon  county: 

Leesburg. 

Middleburg. 
Lunenburg  county: 

DaMonburg. 
Mecklenburg  county: 

Mecklenburg." 
Middlesex  county: 

I'rbanna. 
Monongalia  county: 

Morgantown. 
Montgomery  county: 

Montgomery  (Court  House). 
Nansemond  county: 

Suffolk. 


New  Kent  county: 

New  Kent  (Court  House). 
Norfolk  county: 

Norfolk. 

Portsmouth. 
Northampton  county: 

Northampton." 
Northumberland  county: 

Northumberland      (Court 
House). 
Ohio  county: 

West  Liberty. 

Wheeling. 
Orange  countv: 

Orange  (Court  House). 
Pendleton  county: 

Franklin. 
Pittsylvania  county: 

Cooksburg. 

Pittsyl  vania(Court  House)." 
Powhatan  county: 

ScottWUe. 
Prince  Edward  county: 

Prince   Edward   (Court 
House). 
Prince  George  county: 

Blandford. 

Port  Conway. 
Prince  William  county: 

Carrborough. 

Dumfries. 

Newport. 
Princess  Anne  county: 

Kempsville. 
Richmond  county: 

Leeds. 

Richmond  (Court  House)." 
Rockbridge  county: 

Lexington. 
Rockingham  county: 

Rockingham(Court  House)." 
Shenandoah  county: 

Chester. 

Miller's  Town. 

New  Market. 

Strasburg. 

Woodstock. 
Southampton  county: 

Jerusalem.-' 
Spotsylvania  county: 

I'redericksburg. 
Stafford  county: 

Falmouth. 

LeesNille. 
Suny  county: 

Cabbin  Point. 

Cobham. 
Washington  county: 

Abingdon. 
Westmoreland  county: 

Kinsale. 

Westmoreland     (Court 
House). 
Wood  county: 

BeUeviUe. 
York  county: 

York  Town. 
County  not  specified: 

Goldson's. 

Harris's. 

Sweet  Springs." 

Todds. 


">  Also  called  Newtown. 
"  Also  called  Banister. 
'*  Once  called  Page's  Warehouse. 
"  Also  called  Waltham. 
'•  County  seat  v/tut  later  Charles- 
ton. 
"  Also  called  West  Point. 


"Now  Bovdton. 

"  Now  called  Eastville. 

'•Now  Chatham. 

"  Now  Warsaw. 

"  Now  Harrisonburg. 

"  Now  Courlland. 

°  Later  called  Fontville. 


76 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NORTH   CAROLINA. 


Anson  county: 

Anson  C.  H. 

Wadeaborough. 
Beaufort  county: 

Washington. 

Woodstock. 
Bertie  county: 

Windsor. 
Bladen  county: 

Elizabeth-Town. 
Brunswick  county: 

Brunswick. 

Charlotteburg. 

Clarendon. 

Old  Town. 

Smithville. 
Burke  county: 

Morganton. 
Camden  county: 

Indian  Town. 

Jonesborough. 

Sawyer's  Ferry. 
Carteret  county: 

Beaufort. 
Caswell  county: 

Leesburg. 
Chatham  county: 

CampbeUtown. 

Chatham  C.  H. 

Pittsborough. 
Chowan  county : 

Edenton. 
Craven  county: 

Newbem. 
Cumberland  county: 

Averysborough. 

Fayetteville. 
Currituck  county: 

Currituck  C.  H. 
Dobbs  county: 

Kingston. 
Duplin  county: 

Cross-Roads. 

Duplin  C.  H. 

Sarecto. 
Edgecombe  county: 

Tarborough. 
Franklin  county: 

Louisburg. 
Granville  county: 

Oxford. 

\\'illiamsborough. 
Guilford  county: 

Bella  Mills. 

Martinville. 

New  Garden. 
Halifax  county: 

Blountsville. 

Halifax. 

Scotland  Neck. 
Hertford  county: 

Murfreesborough. 

Princeton. 

Winton. 
Iredell  county: 

Iredell  C.  H. 
Johnston  county: 

Smithfield. 
Jones  county: 

Trenton. 
Lincoln  county: 

Lincolnton. 


Martin  county: 

Willianiston. 
Mecklenburg  county: 

Charlotte  C.  H. 
Montgomery  coimty: 

RIontgomery  C.  H. 

Stokes. 
Moore  county: 

Alfordstown. 

Moore  C.  H. 
Nash  county: 

Nash  C.  H. 
New  Hanover  county: 

Exeter. 

South  Washington. 

Wilmington. 
Onslow  county: 

Swannsborough. 
Orange  county: 

Chapel-Hill. 

Hillsborough. 
Pasquotank  county: 

Nixonton. 
Perquimans  county: 

Hertford. 
Pitt  coimty: 

Greenville. 

Martinsborough. 
Randolph  county: 

Randolph  C.  H. 
Richmond  county: 

Richmond  C.  H. 
Robeson  county: 

Lumberton. 
Rockingham  county: 

Rockingham  C.  H. 
Rowan  county: 

Salisbury. 
Rutherford  county: 

Rutherford. 
Sampson  county: 

Sampson  C.  H. 
Stokes  county: 

Bethabara. 

Bethania. 

Friedburn; 

Friedland. 

German  ton. 

Salem. 

Unitas  (at  head  of  Gargal'; 
Creek). 
Surry  county: 

Hope. 

Hunts  ville. 

Rock  ford. 
Tyrrell  county: 

Plymouth. 
Wake  county: 

Raleigh. 
Warren  county: 

Warrenton. 
W^ayne  county: 

Waynesborough. 
Wilkes  county: 

Wilkes. 
County  not  specified : 

Hogantown. 

Mount  Tizrah. 

Richland. 


SOUTH   CAROLINA. 


Abbeville  county: 

Abbeville  Court  House. 
Beaufort  district: 

Beaufort. 

Coosa  watchis. 

Purysburg. 

Union. 


Berkley  county: 

St.  Johns  Parish. 
Camden  district: 

Camden. 

Columbia. 

Cowpens. 

Rugeley's  Mills. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA — Continued. 


Charleston  district: 

Charleston. 

Jacksonborough. 

Middleton. 

Monks  Corner. 

Wilsons  Ferry. 

Wilton. 
Cheraw  district: 

Cheraw  Court  House. 
Chester  county: 

Chester  Court  House. 
Chesterfield  county: 

Chatham. 
Claremont  county: 

Statesburg. 
Dorchester  county: 

Dorchester. 
Edgefield  county: 

Edgefield  Court  House. 
Fairfield  county: 

Winnsborough. 
Georgetown  district: 

Georgetown. 

Kingston. 

Williamsburg, 
Greenville  county: 

Greenville  Court  House. 


Burke  county: 

Fort  Telfair.' 

Louisville. 

New  Gottingen. 

New  Savannah  village. 

Waynesborough . 
Camden  county: 

Colerain. 

St.  Mary's. 

St.  Patricks. 
Chatham  county: 

Savannah. 
Effingham  county: 

Ebenezer. 
Elbert  county: 

Dartmouth. 

Elberton. 

Petersburg. 
Franklin  county: 

Carnes  ville. 

Eastanallee. 

Franklin  c.  h. 
Glyn  county: 

Brunswick. 

Frederica. 
Greene  county: 

Greensborough. 


Lancaster  coimty: 

Lancaster. 
Laurens  county: 

Laurens  Court  House. 
Newberry  county: 

Newberry  Court  House. 
Ninety-six  district: 

Cambridge. 

Duetts  Corner. 

Londonderry. 

New  Bordeaux. 

New  Windsor. 
Orangeburgh  district: 

Belleville. 

Granby. 

Orangeburg. 
Pendleton  county: 

Pendleton  Court  House. 
Spartanburgh  county: 

Spartan  Court  House. 
Union  county: 

Pinckneyville. 
Not  specified  by  county: 

Clermont. 

nation's  Ford. 

Radnor. 

Saxegotha. 


Liberty  county:* 

Barrington.' 

Darien.' 

Medway  village. 

New  Inverness. 

Newport  Bridge. 

Sapelo  village. 

Sunbury. 
Oglethorpe  county: 

Georgetown. 

Lexington. 
Richmond  county: 

Augusta. 

Bedford. 
Washington  county: 

Golphington.* 

Oconee. 
Wilkes  county:^ 

Washington. 

Wrightsborough. 
County  not  specified: 

Abercom. 

Hard  wick. 

Old  Town. 

St.  Savilla. 

Talassee. 


KENTUCKY.' 


Bourbon  county: 
Bourbonton.' 

Fayette  county: 
Lexington. 

Jei^erson  county: 
Bullitt's  Lick. 
CampbeUtown.' 
Louisville. 


Lincoln  county: 
Crab  Orchard. 
Knob  Lick. 
I/incoln. 
Russellville. 
St.  Asaph's.' 
Stanford. 


•  Now  Telfairville. 

^  Part  shown  in  1900  as  Mcintosh. 
^  Now  shown  in  Mcintosh  county. 

*  Not  shown  on  1900  maps. 
'  Now  McDuffie  county. 

"  Does  not  include  99  pioneer  stations,  known  to  have  been  settled 
before  1790;  nor  several  others  probably  settled  before  that  date, 
for  which  no  data  could  be  found. 

'  Established  in  1789  as  Hopewell;  later  called  Bourbonton;  now 
Paris. 

» Incorporated  in  1785;  name  changed  before  1806  to  Shipping- 
])ort;  now  part  of  Louisville. 

"Called  also  Logan's  Fort. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS. 


77 


KENTUCKY — Continued. 


Madison  county: 

Boonesborough . 

Milford. 

Richmond. 
Mason  county: 

Charlestown. 

Limestone.' 

Lower  Blue  Licks. 

May's  Lick. 

Washington. 
Mercer  county: 

Boiling  Spring. 

DanviUe. 


Davidson  county: 

Nashville. 
Greene  county: 

Greeneville. 
Hawkins  county: 

Rogers  ville. 
Knox  countv: 

Kno.x  ville. 
Tennessee  county: 

Clarksville. 


Mercer  county — Continued. 

Harrodstown.^ 

Warwick. 
Nelson  county: 

Bairdstown.' 

Bealsborough. 

Hardinsburg. 

Hartford  Station.* 
Woodford  county: 

Frankfort. 

Georgetown.' 

Leestown . 

Petersburg." 


TENNESSEE. 


Washington  county: 

Jonesborough. 
County  not  specified: 

Brass  Town. 

Chissel. 

Coyan. 

Hawkins  Court  House. 

Holston. 


'  Now  Maysville. 

'  Later  Oldtown;  now  Harrodsburg. 
'  Now  Bard.itown. 
'  Now  Hartford. 

'  Oriirinally  called  McClelland's  Station;  later  Lebanon, 
name  dates  from  1790. 
•  Originally  Tanner's  Station. 


Present 


For  the  northern  portion  of  the  country,  it  is  possible 
to  present  accurately  tlie  total  and  average  popula- 
tion of  minor  civil  divisions  at  tlie  First  and  Twelfth 
censuses.    This  is  done  in  the  next  tabular  statement. 

A  threefold  increa.se  in  (lie  number  of  minor  ciWl 
divisions  enumerated  in  1900,  a.s  compared  with  the 
number  emmierated  in  1790,  has  been  attended  by 
practically  a  threefold  increase  in  the  population  of 
such  divisions.  The  average  population  of  minor  civil 
divisions  in  New  England  has  increased  more  than 
threefold,  while  that  of  the  Middle  states  has  more 
than  doubled.  The  jjroportionate  change  thus  favor- 
able to  New  England  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the 
population  of  the  states  in  that  group  is  much  denser 
than  elsewhere  in  the  United  Stat&s,  and  as  the  geo- 
grapliic  area  is  small,  and  was  practically  all  settled 
in  1790,  the  increase  in  the  average  population  of 
minor  civil  divisions  represents  principally  the  effect 
of  a  moderate  increase  of  population  within  a  limited 
geographic  area.  In  the  Middle  states  the  existence 
of  much  larger  areas,  portions  of  which  were  entirely 
unsettled  in  1790,  has  resulted  in  a  much  smaller 
increase  in  the  average. 


17i»<» 

1900 

Peroent 

Increase, 

1790101900, 

in  number 

of  minor 

civil 
di\-isions. 

Number 
of  minor 

civil 
divisions. 

Population. 

Number 
of  minor 

civil 
divisions. 

Population. 

Total. 

Average 
per  minor 

civil 
division. 

Total. 

Average 
per  minor 

civil 
division. 

Total 

1,591 

2.026,293 

1,273 

5,500 

21.231,430 

3,860 

245.7 

New  England 

937 

1,009.206 

1,077 

1,687 

5,592,017          3,315 

80.0 

Maine 

153 
197 
188 
279 
30 
90 

654 

96,643 
141,899 

85,341 
378,556 

69,112 
237,655 

1.017,087 

632 

720 

454  , 

1,357 

2,304 

2,641 

1,SSS 

631 
245 
2.52 
353 
38 
168 

3,813 

694,466 
411,588 
343,641 
2,805,346 
428.556 
908,420 

15,639,413 

1,101 
1,680 
1,364 
7,947 
11,278 
5,407 

4,102 

312  4 

N'tTniont .                                                 

34.0 

26.5 

Hbode  Island .          ...                                                         

26.7 

86.7 

Middle  states 

483,0 

137 
94 

407 
16 

340,241 
184, 1.% 
433,611 
59,096 

2,484  1 
1,959 
1,065  1 
3,664 

974 

424 

2,382 

33 

7,268,894           7,463 

1,883,669           4,443 

6,302,115           2,646 

184,735           5.598 

610.9 

New  Jersey. 

351.1 
485.3 

Delaware .       .   .                             .                                       

100.3 

1 

The  list  of  436  minor  civil  divisions  in  the  Southern 
states  approximates,  so  far  as  it  is  possible  at  the 
present  lime  to  secure  such  information,  to  the  actual 
number  of  towns  or  settlements  included  within  the 


counties  composing  the  states  in  question.  Utihzing 
the  figures  for  the  Southern  states  thus  obtained,  the 
appear: 


following  results 


STATE  OE  TERRrrORT. 


Southern  states 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia 

VlTElnia  and  West  Virginia 

North  lurolina 

Sou  til  Carolina 

Georgia 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


1790 


PopuUtlon. 


Number 
of  minor 

civil 
divisions. 


Number 
i...^..^     of  minor 
,  *7ff?*?,      civil 
Total.      P"elvil     ,  (""^ons- 

dlTlslOO.  h 


1900 


436       1,903,332  4,365 


319,728 
747,610 
395,005 
249,073 
82,548 
73,677 
35,691 


3,633 
5,579 
4,489 
6,535 
2,117 
2,377 
3,245 


6,167 


273 
801 
958 
434 

1,457 
693 

1,551 


Population. 


Totol. 


Average 
per  minor 

civil 
division. 


13,897,993 


2,254 


5,373 
3,512 
1,977 
3,088 
1,521 
3,098 
1,303 


Percent 

increase, 

1790  to  1900, 

in  number 

of  minor 

civil 
divisions. 


1,314.4 


2ia2 
497.8 
988.6 
864.4 
3.635.9 
2.135.5 

i4,aoao 


78 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Accepting  the  number  of  minor  civil  divisions  shown 
for  1790  as  substantially  accurate,  between  1790  and 
1900  tiie  number  increased  approximately  thirteenfold. 
This,  if  it  represents  actual  increase,  results  not  merely 
from  the  subdivision  of  existing  minor  civil  divisions, 
but  principally  from  the  establishment  of  new  com- 
munities. In'l790  nmch  of  the  territory  included  in 
the  Southern  states  was  a  wilderness.  Kentucky  did 
not  reach  the  dignity  of  statehood  until  two  years 
after  the  census  had  been  taken;  Tennessee,  then 
known  as  the  Southwest  Territory,  was  still  farther 
from  admission  to  the  Union. 

It  is  probable,  however,  that  the  list  of  minor  civil 
divisions  in  the  South,  while  fairly  accurate  so  far  as 
the  larger  settlements  are  concerned,  is  very  incom- 
plete for  the  smaller  villages,  and  especially  for  town- 
ships and  other  rural  subdivisions. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  change  in  average  pop- 
ulation indicated  for  the  Southern  states — a  decrease 
from  4,365  in  1790  to  2,254  in  1900— differs  widely 
from  the  change  shown  by  the  actual  figures  for  the 
New  England  and  Middle  states.  In  the  Southern 
states  the  center  of  activity  in  1790  was  the  plantation, 
while  the  economic  changes  during  the  century  have 
been  continually  away  from  the  plantation  and  toward 
communities.  But  if  the  number  of  minor  civil  divi- 
sions shown  for  1790  is  too  small,  the  average  popula- 
tion for  that  year  is  correspondingly  too  large. 

POPULATION    OF    CITIES 

In  1790  there  were  but  5  cities  having  a  population 
of  8,000  inhabitants  or  more — Boston,  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Charleston.  In  1900  the 
number  of  cities  included  within  the  area  enumerated 
in  1790  and  having  a  population  of  8,000  or  more  was 
286,  an  increase  of  more  than  fiftyfold.  Indeed,  so 
great  has  been  the  increase  of  communities  of  this 
size  that  Rhode  Island — smallest  of  all  the  states — 
had  more  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants  or  over  in  1900 
than  were  found  in  the  entire  Republic  in  1790. 

The  limit  of  size  above  established  for  1790  admits 
so  many  communities  in  1900  that  it  seems  best  to 
consider  this  subject  from  a  different  point  of  view. 
The  following  table  presents  the  population  of  the  47 
cities  in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  which  had  in  1900 
a  population  of  50,000  or  more,  in  comparison  with  the 
population  of  the  same  places  at  the  First  Census,  so 
far  as  the  earlier  figures  are  obtainable.  Of  these  47 
cities,  39  were  located  in  the  New  England  and  Middle 
states  and  8  in  the  Southern  states.  The  population 
in  1790  of  32  of  these  cities  can  be  presented  approxi- 
mately; 5  did  not  exist  even  as  independent  townships 
in  1790,  but  were  formed  later  from  parts  of  other 
townships  and  subsequently  became  cities;  9  appear 
not  to  have  had  any  population  at  the  date  of  the  First 
Census. 


Cities  having  a  population  of  50,000  or  over  in  1900  in  area  covered 
by  enumeration  of  3790,  by  states. 


POPDLATION. 


1790 


Total. 


1900 


158,535      lO.aW,  ISfi 


Maine: 

Portland 

New  Hampshin^: 

Manchester 

Massachusetts: 

Fall  River 

New  Bedford... 

Lawrence 

Lynn 

Springfield 

Cam  bridge 

Lowell 

SomerviUe 

Boston 

Worcester 

Rhode  Island: 

Providence 

Connecticut: 

Bridgeport 

Hartford 

New  Haven 

New  York: 

Albany 

Buffalo 

New  York 

Rochester 

Utica 

Syracuse 

Troy 

New  Jersey: 

Camden 

Newark 

Hoboken 

Jersey  City..  .. 

Trenton 

Paterson 

Elizabeth  town. 
Pennsvlvania: 

Allegheny 

Pittsburg 

Reading 

Harrisburg 

Erie 

Scran ton 

Wilkes-Barre  .. 

Philadelphia.. . 
Delaware: 

Wilmington 

Maryland: 

Baltimore 

Virginia: 

Richmond 

South  Carolina: 

Charleston 

Georgia: 

Savannah 

Atlanta 

Kentucky: 

Louisville 

Tennessee: 

Nashville 

Memphis 


2,239 
362 

(■) 

3,298 
(') 

2,291 
1,574 
2,109 

m 

(') 
*  18,038 
2,095 

<fi,371 

MOO 
4,072 
4,487 

3,494 


132,305 
1,628 


1,000 


1,946 

500 

1,000 


<376 
2,225 


300 
« 28, 522 

'600 

8 13,503 

3,761 
>  16,359 

2,300 


200 
500 


50, 145 

56,987 

104,863 
62.442 
62,559 
68,513 
62,059 
91,886 
94,969 
61,643 
560,892 
118,421 

175,597 

70,996 
79,850 
108,027 

94, 151 

3.i2,3.<i7 

3,437,202 

162, 608 

56,383 
108,374 

60,651 

75,935 
246,070 

59,364 
206,433 

73,307 
105, 171 

52, 130 

129,898  ' 
321,616 
78,961 
50, 167 
52,733 
102,026 
51.721 
1,293,697 

76,508 

508,957 

85,050 

55,807 

54,244 
89,872 

204,731 

80,865 
102,320 


1  Not  returned  separately.  m 

2  Part  of  Chelmsford,  total  population  1,144.  If 
s  Partof  Charlestown.  total  population  1.583.  ¥ 
*  Original  city  area  only.  ' 

5  Formed  in  1.S21  of  parts  from  Fairfield  and  Stafford. 

6  Morse's  Gazetteer.  w 
'  Estimated.  A 

8  Town  and  precincts.  ■ 

9  St.  Phillips  and  St.  Michael  parishes. 

It  must  not  be  overlooked,  in  studying  tables  of  this 
character,  that  the  results  are  seldom  entirely  com- 
parable. In  nearly  all  of  the  47  cities  included  in  the 
above  table  the  area  has  changed  materially  since  1790, 
and  tends  to  change  from  decade  to  decade,  as  in- 
creasing population  requires  an  extension  of  municipal 
boimdaries  to  meet  industrial  and  residential  require- 
ments. ] 

Of  the  5  cities  having  the  largest  population  at 
the  First  Census — Boston,  New  York,  Philatlelphia, 
Baltimore,    and    Charleston — Charleston,   the    fourth 


) 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  THEIR  SUBDIVISIONS. 


79 


city  in  population  in  1790,  alone  of  the  5  has  failed  to 
maintain  its  importance  as  a  center  of  population. 
The  other  4  cities  remained  leaders  in  population 
a  century  later,  with  only  two  rivals — both  located 
outside  of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790.  Chicago,  a 
remote  wilderness  in  1790  and  for  nearly  half  a  cen- 
tury afterwards,  in  1900  exceeded  in  population  Phila- 
delphia, Boston,  and  Baltimore;  while  St.  Louis,  in 
1790  a  small  frontier  settlement  not  even  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  United  States,  at  the  last  census 
slightly  exceeded  in  population  Boston  and  Baltimore. 
Although  the  total  population  of  the  United  States 
increased  rapidly  from  1790  to  1900,  the  increase  of 
the  4  early  leaders  in  urban  population — New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Boston,  and  Baltimore — was  relatively 
even  more  rapid.  In  1790  their  combined  population 
was  less  than  100,000,  forming  but  2.4  per  cent 
of   the  population  of   the   Republic;   in  1900  it  was 


5,800,748— nearly  5S  times  as  great  as  in  1790 — and 
formed  7. .5  per  cent  of  the  national  population,  or 
more  than  three  times  the  proportion  for  1790. 

The  population  reported  under  the  names  of  these 
4  cities,  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  end  of  the  cen- 
tur}',  can  not  be  regarded  as  strictly  comparajjle,  be- 
cause the  limits  of  each  have  expanded  so  that  they 
now  include  large  areas  which  in  1790  were  independ- 
ent and  unconnected.  Wliilc  principally  open  country 
at  that  time,  these  areas  nevertheless  supported  a 
population  which,  if  it  had  been  included  as  urban 
population  at  the  First  Census,  would  have  altered 
matcriall}''  the  totals  reported  in  1790.  Elsewhere 
in  these  pages  (see  Table  21,  page  84)  will  be  found 
the  population  in  1900,  cla.ssificd  as  white  and  colored, 
for  the  cities  of  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Boston,  and 
Baltimore,  computed  for  the  areas  of  these  cities  as 
they  existed  in  1790. 


VI.  WHITE  AND   NEGRO   POPULATION. 


SURVIVORS  OF  1790— WHITES  AND  NEGROES  IN  TOTAL 
POPULATION— IN  FOUR  PRINCIPAL  CITIES— COMPARI- 
SON OF  INCREASE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 
EUROPE  — INCREASE  BY  IMMIGRATION  —  N  A  T  U  R  A  L 
INCREASE— OF     WHITES— OF     NEGROES  — SUM  MAR  Y. 


The  population  of  the  earhest  English  settlements 
in  America  was  composed  of  two  elements,  white  and 
negro;  these  two  elements,  though  subject  to  entirely 
different  conditions,  continue  to  compose  the  popula- 
tion of  the  Republic,  and  since  1790  have  recorded 
roughly  comparable  rates  of  increase.     The  following 

Table  17.— POPULATION  OF  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES,  CLASSIFIED  BY  COLOR,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE: 

1790  TO  1900. 


I 

table  presents  the  classification,  by  color,  for  con- 
tinental United  States  at  each  census  from  1790  to 
1900,  thus  indicating  the  changes  which  have  occurred 
in  the  two  racial  elements  of  population  during  the 
period  of  Federal  census  taking: 


TOTAL  POPULATION. 

•WBITE  POPULATION. 

COLOKED  POPULATION. 

Negro. 

Indian  am 
liai 

i  Mongo- 

CENSUS  YEAR. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

1. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over  pre- 
ceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over  pre- 
ceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over  pre- 
ceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over  pre- 
ceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over  pre- 
ceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over  pre- 
ceding 
census. 

1790             

3,929,625 

5,308,483 

7,239,881 

>  9, 638, 453 

12,806,020 
17,009.453 
23,191,876 
31,443,321 

38,558,371 
50, 155, 783 
62,947,714 
75,994,575 

3, 172,  444 
4.30(1,446 
5. 862. 073 
7,862,166 

10.537,378 
14.195.805 
19,553.068 
26,922,537 

33,589.377 
43,  402, 970 
55.101,258 
66, 809, 1% 

757, 181 
1,002,037 
1,377,808 
1, 771, 656 

2,328,642 
2, 873, 648 
3,638,808 
4, 441, 830 

4,880,009 
6,580,793 
7, 488, 676 
8,833,994 

59,557 
108,  435 
186,  446 
233,634 

319,599 
386, 293 
434,  495 
488,070 

4,880,009 
6, 580, 793 
7.488,676 
8, 833, 994 

697, 624 

893,602 

1,191,302 

1,538,022 

2,009,043 
2,487,355 
3,204,313 
3,953,760 

1800                                                  .    ... 

35.1 
36.4 
33.1 

33.5 
32.7 
35.9 
35.6 

22.6 
30.1 
25.5 
20.7 

35.7 
36.1 
34.1 

34.0 
34.7 
37.7 
37.7 

24.8 
29.2 
27.0 
21.2 

32.3 
37.5 
28.6 

31.4 
23.4 
26.6 
22.1 

9.9 
34.9 
13.8 
18.0 

82.1 
71.9 
25.3 

36.8 
20.9 
12.5 
12.3 

899.9 
34.9 
13.8 
18.0 

28.1 
33.3 
29.1 

30.6 
23.8 
28.8 
23.4 

1810 

1820    

1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

78,954 

88,985 
172, 020 
357,780 
351,385 

1870 

12.7 

1880 

93.3 

1890 

1 

108.0 

1900 

. 

il.g 

.         ... 

1  Includes  4,631  persons  returned  as  "  all  other  persons,  except  Indians  not  taxed." 


'  Decrease. 


The  total  increase  from  1790  to  1900  in  the  aggrre- 
gate  population  of  continental  United  States  was 
1,833.9  per  cent.  The  wMte  population  increased 
2,005.9  per  cent;  the  negro,  1,066.7  per  cent.  The 
changes  which  are  shown  in  the  decennial  increase  of 
the  white  population  conform  in  general  with  those  for 
the  total  population,  but  the  fluctuations  are  not  so 
wide.  Obviously,  therefore,  the  changes  in  the  negro 
population  were  more  decided  than  those  in  the  white 
element;  the  increase  in  the  negro  population  from 
1800  to  1810  was  more  than  twdce  the  increase  from 
1890  to  1900. 

A  further  distribution  of  population,  by  color,  for  the 
states  and  territories  both  of  the  area  enumerated  in 
1790  and  of  the  added  area,  is  presented  in  Table  108, 
on  page  222.  In  order  to  illustrate  more  effectively 
the  changes  occurring  in  the  two  main  elements  of  the 
population  in  the  parent  states  as  compared  with  the 
(80) 


younger  portions  of  continental  United  States,  the  in- 
crease in  the  succeeding  table  is  shown  for  thirty-year 
intervals. 

In  both  areas  each  element  of  the  population  showed, 
with  a  single  exception,  a  diminishing  increase.  In 
continental  United  States  both  elements  more  than 
doubled  in  each  thirty-year  period  from  1790  to  1850; 
but  from  1850  to  1880  the  increase  in  the  negro  ele- 
ment was  only  80.9  per  cent;  and  in  the  succeeding 
period  the  increase  of  the  white  popidation  was  but 
one-half  and  that  of  the  negro  popidation  but  one-third. 

Both  the  white  and  the  negro  elements  of  the  popu- 
lation increased  more  rapidly  in  the  added  area  than 
in  the  original  area  during  the  period  from  1790  to  1880, 
but  during  the  last  twenty  years  the  total  population 
and  both  elements  have  shown  a  tendency  toward 
similarity  of  increase  in  the  two  areas.  ' 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION. 


81 


Table  18.-PER  CENT  OF  IXCREASE,  DURING  SPECIFIED  PERIODS.  IN  TUE  WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION  OF 
THE  AREA  ENUMERATED  IN  1790,  AND  OF  THE  ADDED  AREA  WITUIN  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES:  1790 
TO  1900. 


1790  TO  1820 

18Z0TO18U 

ISUTOlSM    ' 

1880TO18M 

GEOGUAPIIIC  DIVISION. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colorad. 

White. 

Negro. 

White. 

Negro. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

rontlnental  United  St&t6S 

147.8 

LUO 

292.3 

120.5 

148.7 

105.4 

86.0 

108.3 

122.0 

80.9 

53  9 

34.2 

112.2 

105. 6 

200.8 

92.3 

83.6 

41.6 

I      68.3 

37.3 

67.3 

40.8 

42.9 

22.3 

6.5.1 
179.1 
98.4 

24.4 
70.0 
110.9 

59.1 
87.1.0 

am.  5 

'90.1 
■.10.5 
103.4 

05.1 
119.5 
56.9 

536.8 

10.0 
37.1 
42.4 

564.5 

10.8 
70  3 
77.6 

271.9 

>  100.0 

•88.7 

39.5 

.193.7 

46.7 
7S  4 
64.7 

216.1 

73.4 
4A.8 
46.5 

146.9 

39.3 
46.4 
39.  S 

63.9 

18.8 

45.8 

62(1. « 
504.9 

640.6 
559.4 

562.0 
90.8 

671.7 
588.9 

222.0 
13)».0 
807.9 

184.4 
127.0 
851. 0 

62.0 
67.0 
140.2 

28.6 

47.7 

155  3 

1 



DiAOHAM   5. 


•  Pccrcasc.  '  I'or  states  Included,  see  Table  36,  page  105. 

-INCREASE  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION  AND  OF  WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION:  17M0  TO  lOOO. 


1790 
TO 
1800 
40 


35 


1800 
TO 
1810 


1810 

TO 

1820 


1820 
TO 
1830 


1830 

TO 

1840 


1840 

TO 

I8S0 


I  860 

TO 
I860 


1860 

TO 
1870 


1870 
TO 
1880 


1880 

TO 
1800 


I880 
TO 

1900 


30 


26 


m 

O     20 


16    . 


10 


V. 



/ 

/ 

\ 
\ 

•  ' 
y 

1 

\ 

y' 

0 

\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 

\ 

• 

■A 

\ 

\ 
1 

y 
y 

\ 

/ 1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

\ 
\ 

\ 
\ 

• 

\ 
\ 

\ 
\ 
\ 

1 
1 

1 
1 

\ 

/ 

AGGREGATE    — — 
WHITE    — — 
NEGRO    

SURVIVORS   OF    1790. 

Of  the  wliite  population  enumerated  at  the  First 
Census  of  the  United  States,  some  individuals  survived 
I"  be  enumerated  successively  at  each  of  the  censuses 
to  and  including  that  of  1900.     Analysis  of  the  age 


periods  shown  at  each  census,  with  adjustments  elimi- 
nating persons  bom  after  1790,  results  in  the  following 
record  of  persons  enumerated  at  sub.sequcnt  censuses 
and  rei)()rting  an  age  which  implied  that  they  were 
born  in  1790  or  before: 


82 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GRO\VTH. 


Table  l^J.—White  population  enumeraud  at  the  census  of  1790  sur- 
viving at  each  census  year:  1790  to  1900. 


WHITE  rOPULATION 

sua  VI  VINO. 

niED     OR     DEPARTED 
DURraO    FOLLOWING 
DECADE. 

CENSUS  YEAB. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

number  In 

1790. 

Number. 

Percent  of 

numl)er  liv- 

incin  year 

specified. 

3,172,444 

2,792,328 

2,400,185 

2,059,500 

1.585.322 

1,129,620 

819,871 

401,710 

100,906 

11,478 

691 

23 

100.0 

88.0 

75.7 

64.9 

60.0 

35.6 

25.8 

12.7 

3.2 

0.4 

(') 

(■) 

380.116 
392,143 
340, 0S5 
474,178 
455,702 
309, 749 
418,101 
300,804 
89,428 
10,887 
668 

12.0 

1800                   

14.0 

IgiO                               

14.2 

1820  

23.0 

28.7 

1840                

27.4 

1850 

51.0 

1860  

74.9 

1870         

88.6 

1880                

94.9 

1890 

96.1 

>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


The  foregoing  analysis  possesses  a  sentimental  rather 
than  a  statistical  interest.  It  is  impossible  to  present 
with  entire  accuracy  the  exact  nimiber  surviving  and 
thus  enimierated  at  each  census,  because  of  inability 


to  segregate,  for  any  census  prior  to  the  Twelfth,  those 
inhabitants  (of  an  age  which  would  have  entitled  them 
to  be  enumerated  at  the  First  Census,  had  they  been 
present  at  that  time)  who  were  acquired  by  accessions 
of  territory,  or  those  who  immigrated  to  the  United 
States  after  1790. 

Since  the  United  States  antedates  in  periodic  census 
taking  all  other  civilized  nations,  with  one  exception, 
the  fact  that  the  lifetime  of  even  a  few  persons  spanned 
the  one  hundred  and  ten  years  elapsing  between  the 
First  and  the  Twelfth  censuses  reflects  in  a  striking 
manner  the  brevity  of  the  period  dming  which  census 
taking  has  been  a  stated  function  of  government. 

PROPORTION  OF  WHITES  AND  NEGROES  IN  THE  TOTAL 
POPULATION. 

A  study  of  the  changes  in  the  proportions  of  whites 
and  negroes  in  the  total  population  of  the  states,  both 
of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  and  of  the  added  area, 
develops  some  significant  facts. 


Table  20.-PER  CENT  OF  ^^ITE  AND  COLORED  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION  AT  THE  CENSUSES  OF  1790,  1820, 
AND  1850,  COMPARED  WITH  THE  PER  CENT  OP  WHITES  AND  NEGROES  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION  AT 
THE  CENSUSES  OF  1880  AND  1900. 

(The  free  colored  reported  in  1790, 1820,  and  1850  include  Indians,  but  it  is  believed  that  the  numbers  are  too  small  to  invalidate  the  comparison  between  the  negro  element 

in  1880  and  1900  and  the  total  colored  at  the  earlier  censuses.] 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 


Continental  United  States. 
Enumerated  at  First  Census 


New  England . 


Maine 

New  Hampshire. . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 


Southern  states. . 


Maryland    and    District   of 

Columbia 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia.. 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georria  (eastern  part) 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


Added  to  area  of  enumeration  since 
1790 


Added  to  area  of  enumeration, 
1790  to  1820 


Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

AVIsconsin 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

.\  rkansas 

Missouri 

Georgia  (western  part).. 


1790 


White. 


80.7 


Colored. 


Total.    Free.    Slave. 


19.3 


99.4 
99.4 
99.7 
98.6 
93.6 
97.7 

93.8 


92.4 
92.3 
97.6 
78.4 

64.4 


65.3 
59.1 
73.2 
56.3 
04.1 
83.0 
89.4 


0.6 
0.6 
0.3 
1.4 
6.4 
2.3 

6.2 


7.6 

7.7 

2.4 

21.6 

35.6 


34.7 
40.9 
26.8 
43.7 
35.9 
17.0 
10.6 


17.8 


1.5        17.8 


0.6 
0.4 
0.3 
1.4 
6.0 
1.2 


0.4 


1.4 
1.1 


4.4 


1.4 
1.5 
1.5 
6.6 


2.5 
1.7 
1.3 
0.7 
0.5 
0.2 
1.0 


6.2 
6.2 
0.9 
15.0 

34.1 


32.2 
39.1 
25.5 
43.0 
35.5 
16.9 
9.6 


1820 


White. 


99.7 
99.6 
99.6 
98.7 
95.6 
97.1 

96.0 


Colored. 


18.4 


18.8 


0.3 
0.3 
0.4 
1.3 
4.4 
2.9 

3.9 


97.1 
92.7 
96.9 
76.0 

es.o 


64.2 
66.6 
05.6 
47.2 
50.8 
77.0 
80.4 


83.9 


85.7 


2.9 

7.2 

2.9 

24.0 

37.0 


35.8 
43.4 
34.4 
52.8 
49.2 
22.9 
19.6 


14.2 


Free. 


2.4 


32.7 
43.5 
45.0 
11.3 
15.4 
34.7 


1.2  0.8  0.8 

99.0  1.0  0.8  0.1 
97.4  2.5  0.8  1.7 
97.9  0.3  0.3 

10.2  10.2 

i.8  33.2  0.4 

65. 9  44. 1  0. 6 

47.8  51.8  6.8 

.1  11.7  0.4 

84.1  J5.9  0.6 
05. 1  34.9  0.2 

«i.suIi''wTh''whi?h  ro''d?awt"or"''''°°'  """^^  """"  °''«™'  '°™^  "' '""  '"'^  POP^'^"""  "^  notpresented  here,  because  there  was  no  similar  element  at  theearlier 
3  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


0.3 
0.3 
0.4 
1.3 
4.3 
2.9 

3.1 


2.1 
4.5 
2.9 
17.8 

2.8 


9.9 

3.5 
2.3 
1.4 
0.7 
0.5 
0.6 


1.4 


L5 


Slave. 


16.0 


m 


0.1 

(=) 

0.8 


0.7 
2.7 
(') 
6.2 

34.2 


25.8 
39.9 
32.1 
61.4 
48.5 
22.5 
18.9 


12.7 


1850 


White. 


84.9 


99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
99.1 
97.6 
97.9 

97.5 


Colored. 


Total.    Free.   Slave. 


0.8 


0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.9 
2.6 
2.1 

2.5 


98.4 
95.1 
97.7 
77.8 

66.2 


71.8 
62.9 
63.6 
41.1 
44.3 
77.6 
76.5 


83.4 


84.9 


98.7 
98.9 
99.4 
99.4 
99.8 
55.3 
48.8 
49.3 
77.3 
86.8 
44.3 


1.6 

4.9 

2.3 

22.2 

34.8 


28.2 
37.1 
36.4 
68.9 
55.7 
22.5 
24.5 


16.6 


15.1 


1.3 

1.1 
0.8 
0.6 
0.2 
44.7 
51.2 
60.7 
22.7 
J3.2 
66.7 


1.9 


2.5 


0.8 


0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.9 
2.5 
2.1 

2.4 


1.6 
4.9 
2.3 
19.7 

3.3 


13.4 
3.8 
3.2 
1.3 
0.8 
1.0 
0.6 


0.8 


0.9 


1.3 

1.1 
0.6 
0.6 
0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
3.4 
0.3 
0.4 
0.7 


13.8 


12.6 


31.6 


14.8 
33.3 
33.2 
57.6 
54.9 
21.5 
23.9 


14.2 


44.4 
5!.0 
47.3 
22  4 
:2.'S 
55.0 


18801 


White. 


1.0 


99.8 
99.8 
99.7 
99.0 
97.7 
98.2 

97.9 


98.7 
96.6 
98.0 
82.0 

67.8 


75.8 
69.2 
62.0 
39.3 
44.9 
83.5 
73.9 


86.9 


97.5 
98.0 
98.6 
99.1 
99.8 
52.6 
42.4 
48.4 
73.7 
93.3 
66.2 


Negro. 


13.1 


13.5 


0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
1.0 
2.3 
1.9 

2.0 


1.3 
3.4 
2.0 
18.0 

32.2 


24.3 
30.9 
38.0 
00.7 
55.1 
16.5 
26.1 


12.7 


13.0 


2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

0.9 

0.2 

47.5 

67.5 

61.6 

26.3 

0.7 

43.8 


19001 


White. 


87.8 


98.9 


99.8 
99.8 
99.8 
98.9 
97.9 
98.3 

97.6 


98.6 
96.3 
97.5 
83.4 

71.2 


78.1 
75.0 
66.9 
41.6 
46.4 
86.7 
76.2 


87.6 


Negro. 


87.3 


97.7 
97.7 
98.2 
99.3 
99.9 
54.8 
4!. 4 
62.9 
72.0 
94.8 
56.1 


11.6 


n,8 


0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
LI 
2.1 
1.7 

2.3 


1.4 
3.7 
2.5 
16.6 

28.7 


21.9 
25.0 
33.0 
58.4 
63.6 
13.3 
23.8 


11.4 


12.6 


2.3 

2.3 

1.8 

0.7 

0.1 

45.2 

58.5 

47.1 

28.0 

6.2 

43.9 


I 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION. 


88 


T..BI.E  20.-PER  CE\T  OF  WRITE  AND  COLORED  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION  AT    THE  CENSUSES   OF  1790    lg20 
AND    1S50,   COMPARED   WITH  THE  PER  CENT  OF  NTOITES  AND   NEGROES   IN   THE   TOTAL   POPULATION   AT 


THE  CENSUSES  OF  1880  AND  1900— Continued 


1790 

iseo 

ISM 

lasai 

IMOi 

STATE  OE  TEEBITOET. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Coloted. 

WWIe. 

Colorad. 

Whlla. 

NCKTO. 

White. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Fnw. 

Slavei 

Total. 

Fm 

SlkTC. 

NacTO. 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration, 
1820  to  1850 





1 

85.2 

14.8 

0.4 

14.4 

88.2 

9.5 

90.0 

8.4 

Minnesota 

99.4 
99.8 
64.0 
72.5 
lOO.O 
100.0 
99.  C 
87.3 
99.5 
99.0 

0.6 
0.2 
4fl.0 
27.6 

0.6 
0.2 
1.1 
0.2 

"u.i' 

27.3 

99.6 
'      99.4 

52.9 
76.2 
90.9 
8<..9 
98.9 
80.5 
93.3 
88.7 

94.8 

0.2 
0.6 
47.0 
24.7 
0.8 
0.4 
0.2 
0.4 
0.3 
0.7 

2.5 

99.2 
99.4 

66.3 
79.6 
92.3 
75.6 
98.5 
96.8 
95.4 
94.5 

9«.l 

0.3 
0.6 
43.7 
20.4 
0.8 
1.5 
0.2 
0.6 
0.3 
0.7 

1  8 

Iowa 

Florida 

:::::: > 

Texas 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 



Utah 

0.4 
12.7 
0.6 
1.0 

0.2 
12.7 
0.5 
1.0 

0.2 

\V  ashington 

:::::::: ::;::  ■:■■"■ 

Oregon 

Califomja. 

. 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration, 
1850tol8S0 

North  Dakota! 

1 

j     98.5 

90.4 
89.0 
93.5 
98.4 
86.0 

i 

0.3 

0.5 
4.3 
0.9 
0.2 
1.4 
1.3 
0.8 

90.1 

99.1 
90.3 
93.0 
95.5 

m.2 

•8.0 
83.6 

79.3 

Nebraska 

' 

0  6 

Kansas 



3.5 

Idaho 

.. 

0  3 





Colorado 

1 

1  6 

!'          ■    1             '"I: 

0.3 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration 
since  18S0 

S.0 

1      •*• 

1 

...  . 

1 

1 

1 

77.2 
92.3 
92.3 

9.4 

4.7 

Persons  stationed  abroad. ...' 

1 

1 

11 

7.0 

1 

il 

1  The  proportion  whir-h  the  colored  papulation,  other  than  negro,  forms  of  the  total  population  is  not  presented  here,  because  there  vas  no  similar  element  at  the  earlier 
censuses  with  which  to  draw  comparisons. 


In  1790  the  wliite  population  formed  80.7  per  cent 
and  the  negro  population — hotli  free  and  slave — 19.3 
per  cent  of  the  total.  Since  1790  there  has  been  a 
steady  advance  in  the  proportion  which  the  white 
race  has  formed  of  the  total  population  of  continental 
United  States,  with  a  corresponding  decline  in  the 
proportion  of  negroes;  in  1900  the  whites  formed  87.8 
per  cent,  and  the  negroes  only  1 1.6  per  cent  of  the  total 
population. 

Diagram  6.— White  and  colored  in  the  total  population  of  the  origi- 
nal and  added  area. 

MiaiONS  OF  INHABfTANTS 


1000  Sj 


1880 


I860 


1820 


SORIQINAL    AREA 


ORIGINAL    AREA 


ORIGINAL 
AREA 


^RIOINAL 
I  AR£A 


ApDCO 
■AREA 


□ 


ADDED: 

area! 


ADDED    AREA 


ADDE  D    A 


reaN=| 


D 


WHITE 


9 COLORED 


In  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  the  changes  were 
similar  to  those  outhned  for  continental  United  States. 
In  Xew  England  the  changes  were  very  sUght,  and  in 
the  Jtliddle  states  they  were  not  much  greater.     The 


Southern  states  of  the  original  area,  however,  have 
changed  considerably  in  this  respect.  In  the  con- 
tiguous states  of  JIaryland  (including  the  District  of 
Columbia),  Virginia  (including  West  ^'irginia),  and 
Kentucky,  the  proportion  ol  wliites  decreased  and 
that  of  negroes  increased  from  1790  to  1820,  after 
which  the  conditions  were  reversed ;  in  North  Carolina. 
South Carohna,  and  Tennessee,  the  proportiouof  wliite.o 
decreased  and  that  of  negroes  increased  until  ISSO, 
after  wliich  there  was  a  very  slight  movement  in  the 
opposite  direction ;  in  Georgia  there  was  no  sustained 
tendency  in  either  direction. 

By  appl3nng  the  proportion  formed  by  the  negro 
element  in  the  total  population  in  1790  to  the  com- 
bined wliite  and  negro  population  of  continental 
United  States  in  1900,  and  the  proportion  which  the 
negro  element  formed  of  the  combined  wliite  and  negro 
population  in  1900  to  the  population  in  1790,  the  fol- 
lowing results  are  obtained: 


White. 
Negro.. 


1190 


Actual 
number. 


3,172,444 
757,181 


1900 


Actual 
number. 


6(1.809,-96 
8,8:3,994 


Numl>er 

on  basis  of 

proper Jou 

shown  In 

1790. 


G!, 014.054 
U,&>J,Ui 


84 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


WHITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  IN  FOUR  PRINCIPAL 
CITIES. 

The  difficulty  which  is  confronted  upon  attempting 
to  compare  the  popidation  of  cities  enumerated  in 
1790  with  the  population  of  the  same  areas  in  1900, 
arises  princii)ally  from  the  fact  that  in  1900  the  oldest 
sections  had  become  almost  exclusively  devoted  to 


business  purposes,  and  therefore  reported  but  a  small 
proportion  of  the  total  city  population.  Persons  who 
now  reside  in  such  sections  are  in  most  instances 
the  residents  of  tenement  houses,  janitors  of  large 
buildings  and  their  families,  custodians,  watchmen, 
and  persons  whose  work  connects  them  so  closely  with 
commercial  and  manufacturing  plants  as  to  neces- 
sitate residence  in  or  near  their  places  of  employment. 


Diagram  7.— COMPARISON  OF  AREA  OF  CITIES. 

THOUSANDS        OF 


PHILADELPHIA 


BOSTON 


AREA        IN         1790 

AREA   ADDED    1790     TO     1900 


Table  21.— POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  COLOR,  FOR  EACH  LARGE  CITY  REPORTED  IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH 
THAT  REPORTED  IN  1900,  BOTH  FOR  THE  SAME  AREA  AND  UNDER  THE  SAME  NAME. 


1790 

1900 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Reported  for  same  area. 

Reported  under  same  name. 

cnr. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Negro. 

In- 
diaD. 

Mongo- 
lian. 

Total. 

Negro. 

In- 
dian. 

Mongo- 
lian. 

POPULATION. 

New  York  Pity 

Philadelphia 

Boston 

.32,305 
28, 522 
18, 038 
13,503 

29,043 
26,  S92 
17,277 
11,925 

3,262 

1,630 

761 

1,678 

1,078 

1,420 

761 

323 

2,184 
210 

'"i,'255' 

238,296 
1.55,691 
168,552 
28,160 

233,918 
135,879 
160,849 
21,826 

4,378 
19,812 
7,703 
6,334 

1,667 
19,213 
7,091 
6,260 

5 

107 

2 

2,706 
492 
610 
74 

3, 437, 202 

1,293,697 

560,892 

608, 957 

3, 369,  S98 

1, 229, 673 

648,083 

429,218 

67,304 
04,024 
12,809 
79, 739 

60,666 
02, 613 
11, .591 
79,258 

31 

234 

3 

6,607 

1,177 

1,215 

481 

Baltimore 

PEB  CENT  OF  POPULATION. 

New  York  city 

Philadelphia 

Boston 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

89.9 
94.3 
95.8 
88.3 

10.1 
6.7 
4.2 

11.7 

3.3 
5.0 
4.2 
2.4 

6.8 
0.7 

""9.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

98.2 
87.3 
95.4 
77.5 

1.8 
12.7 

4.6 
22.6 

0.7 
12.3 

4.2 
22.2 

(') 
0.1 
(') 

1.1 

0.3 
0.4 
0.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

98.0 
95.1 
97.7 
84.3 

2.0 
4.9 
2.3 
15.7 

1.8 
4.8 
2.1 
15.6 

1. 

0.2 
01 
0.2 
0.1 

Baltimore 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


The  sevenfold  increase  in  the  population  of  the  orig- 
inal area  of  New  York  represents  principally  tenement 
house  population,  since  the  city  limits  in  1790  extended 
but  little  beyond  tlie  present  City  Hall  square.  In 
Boston  the  population  of  the  original  area  increased 
ninefold,  in  Philadelphia  fivefold,  and  in  Baltimore  it 
but  little  more  than  doul)led. 

Probably  the  most  significant  feature  of  the  table  is 
the  illustration  of  the  inevitable  tendency  of  popula- 
tion to  move  away  from  the  older  centers  as  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  increases  and  city  limits  expand, 


wliich  is  afforded  by  the  degree  to  which  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  4  cities  have  abandoned,  for  residence 
purposes,  the  areas  which  comprised  these  cities  in 
1790.  This  tendency  is  more  pronounced  in  New 
York  (doubtless  because  of  physical  formation)  and 
Baltimore  than  in  either  Philadelphia  or  Boston.  In 
New  York  less  than  7  per  cent  of  the  population 
now  reside  within  the  limits  of  the  city  as  it  existed 
at  the  First  Census;  in  Baltimore  less  than  6  per 
cent;  in  Philadelphia  12  per  cent;  and  in  Boston  30 
per  cent. 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION. 


85 


INCREASE   IN    THE   UNITED   STATES  COMPARED   WITH   TUAT   IN   EUROPE. 


The  nineteenth  century  is  probably  tlie  most  note- 
wortliy  century  witli  respect  to  the  growth  of  the 
poj)ulation  of  civihzed  nations.  In  the  United  States 
in  ISOO  the  conditions  were  of  course  exceptional.  A 
wealth  of  o])i)ortunity  existed  in  connection  with 
natural  resources:  mines  discovered  but  still  un- 
worked,  agricultural  and  forest  resources  of  infinite 
variety  and  richness,  and  opportunities  for  industrial 
develoiiment  beyond  the  dreams  of  tiie  most  imagina- 
tive, demanded  population  and  encouraged  increase 
at  the  rapid  rate  that  Malthus,  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  asserted  to  be  possible  only  in  the 
United  States,  where  unlimited  opportunities  for  sup- 
port existed.  In  Europe,  also,  new  demands  for  ])op- 
ulation,  unknown  at  the  j)eriod  when  Malthus  wrote, 
were  about  to  arise,  by  reason  of  the  creation  of  in- 
dustrial acti^Tties  and  the  enormous  extension  of 
commerce.  Hence,  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century  the  inhabitants  both  of  the  United  States 
and  of  Europe  stood  upon  the  threshold  of  a  devel- 
opment and  opportunity  latent  in  previous  centuries, 
but  already  becoming  active. 

At  the  outset  it  will  be  of  interest  to  consider  the 
increase  of  population  in  the  Ihiitcd  States  in  com- 
parison with  increase  in  the  principal  countries  of 
Europe.  Since  the  First  Census  of  the  United  States 
antedates  census  taking  in  Europe  by  at  least  a  decade, 
only  the  nineteenth  century  should  be  considered. 


COUNTRY. 

Increase 
from  1)<00 
to  1900. 

United  states 

1,331.6 
204.3 

Bel(;luin 

163.4 

United  Iv iQgdom 

155.9 

154.6 

Germanv 

143.2 

Hoiland'. 

143.1 

Sweden         ..          

118.6 

Italy 

88.4 

Portu^l                       

85.1 

84.1 

Austria                                           .          .  .                    

81.6 

78.6 

france                                                                         

42.5 

With  the  exception  of  France,  all  the  nations  of 
Europe  approximately  doubled  or  more  than  doubled 
their  ])(>])ulation  during  the  nineteenth  century;  a 
threefold  increase  appeared  for  Belgium  alone.  Dur- 
ing the  same  period  the  population  of  continental 
United  States  increased  more  than  fourteenfold ;  in- 
deed, it  had  more  than  doubled  by  1820 — after  only 
twenty  years.  This  surprising  growth,  however,  is  in 
reality  in  no  way  comparable  with  the  natural  increase 
shown  by  the  nations  of  Europe.  The  total  popula- 
tion of  approximately  76, 000, ()()()  in  1900  resulted  fnmi 
a  generous  natural  increase  of  persons  enumerated  in 
1790,  from  additions  acquired  by  accessions  of  terri- 
tory, and  from  an  unparalleled  immigration  movement, 
substantially  unchecked  for  more  than  half  a  century. 
76292—09 7 


Hence  natural  growth,  which  in  other  nations  is  practi- 
cally the  only  source  of  population  increase,  in  the 
I  nitcd  States  is  but  one  of  several  factors.  In  con- 
secpience,  the  increase  shown  from  1790  to  1900  is 
merely  a  gro.ss  increa.se,  depending  on  other  than  nor- 
mal causes,  and  po.ssessing  comparatively  little  signifi- 
cance until  analyzed. 

INCREASE    THROUGH    IMMIGRATION. 

The  extraordinary  additions  to  the  population  of  the 
United  States  through  immigration  arc  showTi  in  the 
following: 

1790  to  1820 '2.50  000 

1S21  to  18.50 :  2,4.55:81.5 

1851  to  1880 7  72.5  229 

1881  to  1900 9;090;972 

The  immigration  in  the  twenty  years  from  ISSO  to 
1900  nearly  equals  the  total  for  the  sixty  years  from 
1820  to  18,80.  Prior  to  1820  there  were  very  few  immi- 
grants; most  of  the.se  came  to  the  United  States  after 
ISIO,  and  tlie  number  arriving  i)rior  to  1800  is  so  small 
as  to  be  negligible. 

In  1820  the  foreign  stock — that  is,  the  immigrants 
with  their  children  and  grandchildren — could  hardly 
have  exceeded  350,000;  and  if  tiiis  be  deducted  from 
the  total  population  (9,0.38,453)  for  1820,  the  re- 
mainder will  still  be  more  than  twice  the  population 
in  1790.  "If  the  population  reported  at  the  First 
Census,  3,929,214,  had  been  doubled  only  once  in 
thirty  years,  the  result  in  1910  would  have  been 
62,867,424.  In  the  theoretical  doubling  process  the 
increase  during  the  last  thirty-year  period  (1880  to 
1910)  is  equivalent  to  approximately  1,000,000  per- 
sons a  year.  Upon  that  basis,  in  1900  the  native  popu- 
lation would  have  amounted  to  about  50,000,000 
(including  negroes);  whereas  the  actual  population  in 
1900  was  76,000,000.  Thus  the  total  i)oi>ulation  at  the 
last  census  exceeded  the  theoretical  figure  for  the  same 
year  by  about  50  per  cent.  Hence,  if  we  accept  this 
comparison  as  po.sse.ssing  an  approximate  value,  that 
part  of  the  growth  of  tiie  United  States  which  has 
resulted  from  immigration  is  possibly  about  equal 
to  the  progress  which  has  actually  occurred  from 
1880  to  1900  in  population,  and  thus  presumably  in 
wealth,  amounting  in  the  former  to  from  25.000,000 
to  30,000,000  souls,  and  in  the  latter  to  more  than 
.S40,000,000,000."' 

NATURAL    INCREASE. 

Effective  discussion  of  increase  of  population  must 
be  based  upon  some  sei)arati()n,  necessarily  very  gen- 
eral in  character,  of  the  nativit\-  and  parentage  of  the 

'  ThiB  estimate  has  the  sanction  of  several  Census  reports  and  other 
authoritic!*,  l)Ut  is  regarded  by  many  as  too  hiph.  The  Ceneiis  report 
for  18.50  gives  the  total  immigration  for  the  period  mentioned  as 
234,000;  that  for  1860  as  274,000. 

■^  North  American  Review,  September,  1908,  page  365. 


86 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


two  principal  elements,  white  and  negro,  which  have 
contributed  the  great  aggregate  reported  in  1900. 
It  is  important  to  determine  the  natural  increase,  in 
order  to  measure  the  growth  and  influence  of  native 
stock  in  the  United  States,  and  for  purposes  of  com- 


parison  with   the   growth   of   population   in   foreign 
countries. 

The  distribution  of  population  m  the  United  States 
in  1900,  by  its  various  elements,  is  shown  iu  the  follow- 
ing table : 


Table  »2  -^TOITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES,  CLASSIFIED  BY  NATIVITY  OF 

PARENTS  AND  AS  NATIVE  AND  FOREIGN  ELEMENTS:  1900. 


■ 

Total. 

CLASSITIED  BY  NATmTT 

OF  PARENTS. 

CLASSIFIED   BT  ELEMENT. 

ELEMENT  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

Both  parents 
native. 

One  parent 

native  and 

the  other 

foreign 

bom. 

Both  parents 
foreign  bom. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Total  population 

75,994.575 

49,965,636 

6, 109, 052 

20,919,887 

52, 520, 162 

69.1 

23,474,413 

30.9 

White  population 

66,809,196 

40,958,216 

5, 075, 093 

20,775,887 

43,495,762 

65.1 

23,313,434 

34.9 

56,595,379 
10,213,817 

9,185,379 

40,949,362 
8,851 

9,007,420 

5,013,737 
61,356 

33,959 

10,632,280 
10,143,607 

144,000 

43,466,230 
39,532 

9,024,400 

76.8 
0.4 

98.2 

13. 139, 149 
10,174,285 

160,979 

23.2 

99.6 

1.8 

8,S33,994 
351,385 

8,779,805 
227,615 

26.300 
7,659 

27,889 
116,111 

8, 792, 955 
231,445 

99.5 
65.9 

41,039 
119,940 

0.5 

34.1 

In  the  above  table  the  native  and  foreign  elements 
were  determined  by  adding  to  the  numbers  having 
both  parents  native  and  both  parents  foreign  born, 
respectively,  one-half  of  the  number  having  one  parent 
native  and  the  other  foreign  born.  But  the  distribu- 
tion here  shown  is  obviously  unsatisfactory,  since  the 
term  "native,"  according  to  modern  census  usage,  in- 
cludes all  persons  born  in  the  United  States,  and  thus  not 
only  persons  descended  from  distinctlj'  native  stock, 
but  also  the  descendants,  in  the  third  and  subsequent 
generations,  of  persons  bom  in  foreign  countries.  In 
consequence  of  tliis  fact,  upon  analysis  the  census 
classification  proves  entirely  unsuited  to  a  determina- 
tion of  normal  increase,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to 
approximate  the  number  of  the  descendants  of  the 
white  and  negro  population  enumerated  at  the  First 
Census. 

Increase  of  white  population. — The  wliite  population 
in  1790  and  ISOO  was  both  sturdy  and  prohfic,  and 
until  about  1830  it  contributed  a  decennial  increase  of 
approximately  one-tliird,  practically  unaided  by  im- 
migration. After  18.30,  an  increasing  number  of  white 
foreign  born  persons  added  not  onty  themselves  but 
their  progeny  to  the  wliite  element.  The  second, 
third,  and  even  the  fourth  generations  of  foreign  stock 
have  now  added  their  increment,  so  that  it  is  impossible 
to  determine  accurately  the  number  of  persons  in  the 
United  States  in  1900  who  were  directly  descended 
from  the  population  enumerated  at  the  beginning  of 
the  nineteenth  century.  Yet  practically  all  of  the 
increase  during  the  nineteenth  century  in  the  popu- 
lation of  European  nations  was  derived  from  the  native 
stock,  residing  within  their  national  boundaries 
1800,  and  not  from  immigration. 

At  the  census  of  1900  the  white  foreign  element  in 
the    United    States — that    is,    the    number   of   white 


m 


persons  having  both  parents  foreign  born,  together 
with  one-half  the  nimiber  having  one  parent  foreign 
born  and  the  other  native — aggregated  23,313,434 
persons.  Discarding  this  class  of  inhabitants  from 
the  total  wliite  population  of  66,809,196,  the  remain- 
ing 43,495,762  obviously  comprise  the  descendants 
of  the  white  population  enumerated  in  1790  (and  also 
in  1800,  since  no  appreciable  addition  from  other 
nations  occurred  during  the  decade),  augmented  by 
the  descendants,  in  the  third  and  subsequent  genera- 
tions, of  white  persons  who  migrated  to  the  United 
States,  especially  from  Great  Britain  and  Germany,' 
after  1800,  and  also  by  persons  added  to  the  white 
native  element  through  aimexations  of  territory  in 
the  first  half  of  the  century.  Additions  of  the  latter 
class  can  not  be  accurately  measured,  but  should  be 
regarded  as  a  part  of  the  native  stock. 

In  the  remainder  of  43,495,762  above  specified, 
what  was  the  contribution  of  the  elements  enumerated 
in  1800,  and  w^hat  the  contribution,  in  the  third  and 
subsequent  generations,  of  persons  arriving  in  the 
United  States  after  the  beginning  of  the  century? 

It  is  here  that  exact  figures  in  the  process  of  separa- 
tion fail,  and  hypothesis  and  approximation,  how- 
ever ingenious,  begin.  Yet,  since  this  analysis  deals 
with  the  comparative  growth  of  population  in  America 
and  Europe,  it  is  clearly  within  the  bounds  of  scientific 
discussion  to  point  out  some  of  the  simpler  methods 
by  which  approximations  of  the  growth  of  native 
stock  can  be  made:  (1)  By  elimination  of  all  foreign 
stock  from  the  native  element;  (2)  by  applying 
the  rate  of  increase  for  the  Southern  states  to 
the  rest  of  the  country;  and  (3)  by  applj-ing 
the  proportion  of  persons  in  Massachusetts  having 

'  Natives  of  Great  Britain  and  Germany  constituted  85.7  per 
cent  of  all  the  foreign  born  in  the  United  States  in  1850.  (Tenth 
Census,  Population,  page  461.) 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION. 


87 


native  grandfathers  to  the  rest  of  the  country.  Should 
a  reasonable^  harmony  appear  in  the  results  secured, 
that  fact  wouki  tpnd  to  justify  acceptance  of  the  ap- 
proximate percentage  of  increase  secured. 

1.  Elimination  of  foreign  stoikfrom  native  element. — 
The  character  of  the  data  which  are  available  renders 
it  necessary  to  consider  the  native  descendants  of  the 
foreign  born  (in  the  third  and  subsef(uent  generations) 
in  three  groups,  as  descendants  of  the  immigrants 
arriving  prior  to  1853,  between  1853  and  1870,  and 
between  1870  and  18S0;  naturally,  grandchildren  of 
immigrants  arriving  after  ISSO  need  not  be  considered. 

At  the  census  of  1850  the  foreign  born  were  returned 
separately  for  the  first  time,  and  were  found  to 
number  2,L'44,()U_',  of  whom  2,240,535  were  white;  the 
number  of  foreign  born  colored  persons  was  so  small 
as  to  bo  negligible.  In  the  Compendium  of  the 
Seventh  Census  (1850)  the  number  of  foreign  born 
and  the  progeny  of  foreigners  arriving  after  1790  is 
estimated  at  3,000,000  or  3,200,000  in  1853.'  On  the 
basis  of  this  approximation  (obviously  made  at  a 
period  when  a  reasonable  approximation  should  have 
been  possible),  the  descendants  of  white  immigrants 
arriving  subsequent  to  1790  or  1800  and  prior  to  1853 
must  have  numbered  about  1,000,000  in  that  year; 
and  it  is  probable  that  of  this  total  about  one-half 
were  native  white  of  foreign  parentage  and  the  other 
half  native  white  of  native  parentage.'  It  is  reason- 
able to  assume  that  since  the  white  population  of  the 
United  States  more  than  trebled  between  lS50and  1900, 
the  group  of  native  white  of  native  parentage  at 
least  trebled  during  the  same  period,  thus  contributing 
about  1,500,000  to  the  native  white  of  native  parentage 
in  1900.  The  500,000  native  white  of  foreign  parent- 
age in  1850  were  very  young,  and  probably  did  not 
contribute  to  a  great  extent  to  the  native  wlute  popu- 
lation of  native  parentage  before  1870.  The  estimate 
of  the  contribution  by  the  immigrants  arriving  be- 
tween 1790  and  1850  is  doubtless  liberal  enough  to 
counterbalance  this  omi.ssion. 


'"Estimating  the  survivors  in  1850  of  the  foreigners  who  had 
arrived  in  the  United  States  since  the  census  of  1790  upon  the 
principle  of  the  English  life  tables,  and  making  the  necessary  allow- 
ance for  the  less  proportion  of  the  old  and  very  young  among  them, 
and  for  recmigration,  etc.,  their  number  is  stated  in  the  abstract  of 
the  census  published  in  IS.");},  page  15,  at  2,400.000.  From  this,  a 
deduftion  is  then  made  of  10  per  cent,  on  account  of  the  greater 
mortality  of  emigrants  and  their  lower  expectation  of  life,  which 
brings  the  actual  survivors  very  nearly  to  the  figures  of  the  census. 
The  dedurtion  of  10  per  cent  seems  hardly  sullicient,  and  does  not 
accord  with  the  deduitions  that  are  generally  made  in  the  reason- 
ings of  vital  statisticians.  It  would  be  safer  "to  assume  15  per  cent 
than  10,  which  would  reduce  the  survivors  to  a  little  more  than 
2,000,000.  To  this  add  50  i)er  cent  for  the  living  descendants  of 
foreigners  who  have  come  into  the  country  since  1790  (observing 
that  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  number  have  arrived  since  1830,  and 
could  not  have  both  children  and  grandchildren  born  in  the  country, 
and  more  than  half  have  arrived  since  1810,  and  must  have  had 
comparatively  few  native  born  children,  it  would  not  be  safe  to 
add  anv  more),  and  the  number  of  foreigners  and  their  descendants 
in  1853  is  not  likely  to  exceed  3,000,000  or  3,200,000."— Compcn- 
dium  of  the  Seventh  Census,  page  119. 

^Thc  native  whites  of  native  parentage  were  probably  for  the 
most  part  not  the  children  of  the  living  native  whites  of  foreign 
parentage,  but  the  descendants  of  immigrants  who  arrived  before 
the  War  of  1812. 


In  1870  there  were  4,167,616  native  inhabitants  both 
of  whose  parents  were  foreign  born,  and  1,157,170 
native  persons  having  one  parent  native  and  the  other 
foreign  born.  Hence,  the  foreign  element  witliin  the 
native  populatiim  comprised  4,740,201  persons;  native 
colored  persons — negroes,  Indians,  and  .Mongolians — 
of  foreign  parentage  were  so  few  in  numljcr  as  to  be 
practically  negligible.  Since  the  total  population  of 
the  United  States  doubled  between  1870  and  1900, 
and  the  birth  rate  is  generally  accepted  as  being 
higher  for  the  foreign  than  for  the  native  population, 
it  is  reasonable  to  assume  that  the  foreign  element 
within  the  native  white  population  doubled,  or  a  little 
more  than  doubled,  during  th(!  period  under  consider- 
ation. In  the  process  of  doubhng,  iiowever,  it  must 
be  remembered  that  the  increment  will  be  greater  than 
the  base,  which  is  being  constantly  retluced  by  death; 
hence  the  native  white  of  foreign  parentage  and  their 
offspring,  which  together  evidently  amounted  to 
approximately  10,000,000  in  1900,  were  composed  of 
two  une(|ual  parts,  the  native  wliite  of  foreign  parent- 
age contributing  appro.ximately  4,000,000,  and  their 
offspring — classified  as  native  white  of  native  parent- 
age— appro.ximately  6,000,000. 

The  contribution  to  the  native  white  of  native 
parentage  made  by  native  wliites  of  foreign  i)arentage 
I)orn  after  1870  can  not  be  determined  with  any  degree 
of  accuracy.  The  total  number  of  native  wliite  per- 
sons of  foreign  parentage  born  between  1870  and  1880 
and  surviving  in  1900  was  3,067,062.  It  is  possible 
that  tliis  element  may  have  contributed  500,000  per- 
sons to  the  native  wliites  of  native  parentage. 

The  above  computations  indicate  that  in  1900  the 
contributions  of  the  foreign  stock  to  the  so-called 
native  element  had  reached  the  follo\ving  approximate 
total: 

Contribution  of  immigrants  arriving — 

Between  1790  and  1853 1,500,000 

Between  1853  and  1870 6,000,000 

Between  1870  and  1880 500, 000 


Total 8,000,000 

In  1900  the  native  element  in  the  United  States  was 
43,495,762.  Eliminating  the  S.000,000  persons  above 
determined,  tiie  white  population  enumerated  in  1800 
appears  to  have  increased  to  35,495,762. 

2.  Growth  of  white  native  stock,  at  rate  of  increase  for 
Southern  states. — At  the  census  of  1 S50,  when  the  classi- 
fication by  nativity  was  introduced,  the  white  popu- 
lation of  12  Southern  states — Virginia,  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, North  Carohna ,  South  Carohna ,  Georgia ,  Florida , 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  /\jkan- 
sas — included  in  the  aggregate  less  than  4  per  cent 
who  were  foreign  born.  The  proportion  of  foreign 
born  in  this  group  of  states  increased  but  little  during 
the  half  centun,-,  and  even  at  the  census  of  1900  the 
white  population  was  composed  almost  entirely  of  the 
descendants  of  persons  enumerated  in  1790  and  1800. 


88 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWT^H. 


This  suggests  utilizing  tlie  increase  of  white  popu- 
lation shown  by  the  Soutliern  states  as  a  basis  from 
which  to  compute  the  increase  in  the  distinctly 
native  stock  of  the  white  population  residing  in  the 
other  states  and  territories;  after  1870,  however,  only 
one-half  of  the  rate  of  increase  should  be  used,  because 
of  the  fact,  generally  known  and  admitted,  that  the  rate 
of  increase  of  the  native  stock  of  the  white  population 


in  the  Northern  and  manj-  of  the  Western  states  has 
been  very  low  since  1870.  The  accuracy  of  such  a 
computation  is  increased  by  discarding  the  foreign 
element  of  the  white  population  in  1870  and  1880,  and 
the  total  foreign  white  and  the  native  white  of  foreign 
parentage  in  1890  and  1900.  Upon  making  such  an 
analysis  the  following  figures  result : 


ACTUAL  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  SPECIFIEI)  ELEMENT. 

ESTIMATED     NATn'E     STOCK 
OF    THE    WHITE    POPULA- 
TION. 

In  continental 
United  States. 

In  13  Southern  states. 

In  remainder  of  conti- 
nental United  States. 

For  "remainder 
of  continental 
United  States'' 
based  on  white 
population  in 
1S20,  by  apply- 
ing per  cent  of 

increase  in 

Southern  states 

to  1870  and  half 

of  decennial 

percentages 

after  that  year. 

CENSUS  YEAR. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

increase 

over 

preceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

increase 

over 

preceding 
census. 

For 

continental 

United 

states. 

TOTAL  WHITE   POPULATION. 

7,862,166 

2,437,451 

5,424,715 

1 

1 

NATIVE   ELEMENT  OF  THE  WHITE   POPULATION.' 

1870                                                       

23,374,577 
29,021,812 

6,518.012               167.4 
8,843,928                 35.7 

16,856,565 
20,  777, 884 

210.7 
23.3 

14,  .W5, 688 
17,102,206 

21,023.700 

1880                                                       

25,946,134 

NATIVE  WinTE   POPULATION  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE. 

1890                                                                    

34,35S,348 
40,949,362 

10,884,524                 23.1         23,473,824 
13,328,329                 22.5  1      27,621.033 

13.0 
17.7 

19,086,062 
21,242,787 

29,970,586 

1900                                                                                        

34,571,116 

I 


1  Obtained  by  subtracting  from  the  total  native  element  the  native  bom  negroes. 


Upon  replacing  the  native  wliite  population  of  native 
parentage  living,  in  1890  and  1900,  in  the  Southern 
states  and  in  the  remainder  of  continental  United 
States  by  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  born 


in  the  Southern  states  and  in  the  remainder  of  conti- 
nental United  States,  the  native  stock  of  the  wliite 
population  appears  to  be  as  follows: 


k 


ACTUAL  NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE. 

ESTIMATED     NATIVE     STOCK 
OF    THE    WmiE    POPULA- 
TION. 

CENSUS  YEAR. 

Living  in 

continental 

United  States. 

Bom  in  13  Southem  states. 

Bom  in  remainder  of  con- 
tinental United  States. 

For  "remainder 

of  continental 

United  States." 

For 

continental 

United 

States. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

increase 

over 

preceding 
census. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

increase 

over 

preceding 
census. 

1890 

34,358,348 
40, 949, 362 

11,262,307 
13,  903, 622 

•27.3 
23.5 

23,096,041 
27,045,740 

111.2 
17.1 

19, 445, 208 
21.739,743 

30.707,515 
35,043,365 

1900 

'  Increase  over  the  native  element  of  the  white  population. 


The  theoretical  number  shown  as  the  native  stock 
of  the  white  population  in  1870  for  the  country  exclu- 
sive of  the  Southern  states  (14,505,688)  must  be  very 
near  the  true  figure ;  the  excess  of  the  native  element 
over  the  native  stock  of  the  white  population  of  this 
area  was  only  2,350,877,  and  it  may  safely  be  assumed 
that  of  tlus  number  the  offspring  of  immigrants  arriv- 
ing between  1790  and  185.3  (who  numbered  1,000,000, 
according  to  the  Compendium  of  the  Seventh  Census) 
contributed  at  least  2,000,000,  leaving  only  350,877  to 


represent  the  offspring  of  immigrants  arriving  between 
1853  and  1870. 

Only  one-half  of  each  percentage  of  increase  shown 
for  the  Southern  states  in  1880,  1890,  and  1900  was 
employed  in  computing  the  native  stock  of  the  white 
population  in  the  rest  of  the  country.  It  is  worthy 
of  note  that,  if  the  entire  percentage  be  employed,  the 
resulting  figure  for  1900  (30,946,644)  approximately 
equals  the  native  element  of  the  white  population 
(29,995,187)  in  the  same  area;  in  other  words,  the  use  ' 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION. 


89 


of  the  entire  percentaf;;e  produces  a  figure  large  enough 
to  include  the  entire  contribution  made  to  tlie  native 
element  by  the  descendants  of  the  foreign  white  in  tiie 
third  and  subsecjuent  generations.  This  result  may- 
be merely  a  coincidence,  but  it  recalls  a  theory  ad- 
vanced by  Gen.  Francis  A.  Walker,  Superintendent  of 
the  Tenth  Census,  that  the  advent  of  large  numbers 
of  foreigners  afTocts  unfavorably  the  birth  rate  of  the 
native  element  of  a  community.'  This  theory  has 
been  opposed  by  many  statisticians  of  prominence. 

3.  Growth  of  white  population  of  native  stock,  meas- 
ured hij  proportion  of  persons  in  Massachxisetts  having 
native  grandfathers. — As  already  pointed  out,  the 
cla.ssification  of  parentage  by  the  Federal  census 
stops  with  native  white  of  native  parentage.  For 
tliis  analysis  the  essential  fact  is  the  number  of  native 
white  persons  having  native  grandparents,  and  the 
problem  wliich  is  confronteil  by  th(!  inquirer  is  to  de- 
termine the  percentage  which  would  be  deducted  from 
the  native  white  population  of  native  parentage  if  it 
were  statistically  possible  to  segregate  the  native 
wliite  persons  having  native  grandparents. 

The  classification  of  the  population  of  Massachusetts 
by  nativity  of  grandfatliers  was  made  at  the  state  cen- 
sus of  1905.  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  attempt  to 
ascertain  nativity  of  grandparents  can  ever  be  en- 
tirely successful,  because  of  the  likelihood  of  error  con- 
cerning tliis  subject,  on  the  part  of  persons  responding 
to  the  enumerators'  questions;  but  if  the  returns  of 
Massachusetts  be  accepted  as  approximately  correct, 
they  offer  an  opportunity  to  advance  one  generation 
beyond  the  Federal  census,  and  thus  to  secure,  for  one 
state  at  least,  the  proportion  of  white  persons  who, 
besides  being  native  born,  possessed  native  grand- 
fathers. Of  the  entire  population  of  Massachusetts 
in  1905,  slightly  less  than  one-third  reported  native 
birth  and  native  grandfathers.  Upon  ehininating  the 
colored,  it  is  found  that  the  native  white  population 
reported  as  having  both  native  fathers  and  native 
grandfathers  formed  79.1  per  cent  of  the  total  native 
white  having  native  fathers.^     It  is  obvious  that  if  it 

'  "The  access  of  foreigners  at  the  time  and  under  the  circum- 
stances constituted  a  shock  to  the  principle  of  population  among 
the  native  element.  That  principle  is  always  acutely  sensitive, 
alike  to  sentimental  and  to  economic  conditions.  And  it  is  to  be 
noted,  in  passing,  that  not  only  did  the  decline  in  the  native  ele- 
ment as  a  whole,  take  place  in  singular  correspondence  with  the 
excess  of  foreign  arrivals,  but  it  occurred  chielly  in  just  those  regions 
to  which  the  newcomers  most  freely  resorted.  *  *  *  If  the  foregoing 
views  are  true,  or  contain  any  considerable  degree  of  truth,  foreign 
immigration  into  thi.s  country  has,  from  the  time  it  first  assumed 
large  proportions,  amounted  not  to  a  reenforcement  of  our  popula- 
tion, but  to  a  replacement  of  native  by  foreign  stock.  That  if  the 
foreigners  had  not  come,  the  native  element  would  long  since  have 
filled  the  places  the  foreigners  usurpetl,  I  entertain  notadoubt." — 
Discussions  in  Economics  and  Statistics,  vol.  2,  page  4~~. 

'In  making  this  computation,  it  was  assumed  that  all  native 
colored  pennons  had  native  grandfathers,  and  also  that  all  native 
white  persons  having  native  grandfathers  had  native  fathers. 


were  possible  to  determine  accurately  the  number  of 
native  white  persons  having  native  grandfathers  in 
1900,  a  close  appro.ximation  would  be  reached  con- 
cerning the  increase  in  the  white  population  of  the 
native  stock,  since  this  classification  reaches  back  to 
the  period  when  immigration  had  not  j-et  become  an 
important  factor,  and  hence  to  the  period  when  prac- 
tically all  the  population  was  composed  of  persons 
enumerated  in  ISOO  or  their  progeny.  .(Vssuming 
that  the  proportion  shown  by  the  state  census  of 
Ma.ssachusetts  is  applicable  to  the  other  states,  the 
total  number  of  wliitc  persons  in  1900  descended  from 
the  white  population  enumerated  in  1800  numbered 
3.3,729,282. 

The  results   of    tiie    three  computations  described 
above  are  summarized  in  tlie  following  statement: 


WHITE  potolation:  1000. 

ELEMENTS  OF  THE    POPC- 
LATIOK. 

First  com- 
putation- 
elimination 
of  the  foreign 
stock  from 
tbe  native 
element. 

Second  com- 
putation- 
growth  of 
native  stock 
at  rate  of 
IncK-ase  for 
Southern 
states. 

Third  com- 
putation- 
growth  of 
native  slock 
nieaiinred  by 
proportion  of 
jxrsons  in 
Massachu- 
setts havinff 
native  grand- 
fathers. 

Average. 

Total 

66,809.196 

66,809,196  I      66,809,196 

46,800,  Its 

«,  495, 762 
35,495,762 
8,000,000 

23,313,434 

31,313,434 

43,495,762 

35,643,365 

7,852,397 

23, 313, 434 

43,495,762 

33,729,282 

9,766,480 

43,49S,7«2 
34,956,136 
8.539,626 

Native  stock 

Total  foreign  stock 

31  16.')  831         -f?  Jn4  ru?  1  ^i  stT.i  ram 

The  three  computations  show  a  range  of  nearly 
2,000,000  (between  33^  and  3oi  millions).  Utilizing 
the  average  of  the  three,  it  appears  that  in  1900  the 
white  population  of  ctmtinental  United  States  con- 
tributed by  persons  enumerated  at  the  Second  Census 
was  approximately  35,000,000;  while  the  contribution 
to  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  made  by  the 
third  and  subsequent  generations  descended  from 
immigrants  arriving  after  1800  numbered  approxi- 
mately 8,500,000.  Adiling  the  latter  figure  to  the 
known  foreign  element  in  1900,  it  is  foimd  that  the 
contribution  of  the  foreign  stock  to  the  wliite  popula- 
tion was  31,853,060.  Hence,  at  the  Twelfth  Census 
the  total  white  population  of  continental  United  States 
appears  to  have  been  divided  between  the  descendants 
of  persons  enumerated  at  the  Second  Census  and  of 
persons  who  became  inhabitants  of  the  United  States 
after  ISOO,  in  the  proportion  of  about  35  to  32. 

The  white  population  shown  at  the  Second  Census, 
1800,  was  4,306,446.  To  this  number  should  be 
added  100,000  persons,  as  the  approximate  number 
accjuired  by  accessions  of  territory  early  in  the  cen- 
tury, who  must  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  native 


90 

stock.'  Upon  this  basis  the  increase  from  1800  to 
1900  in  the  native  white  stock  of  continental  United 
States  was  G94.3  per  cent. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  the  increase  of  inhabitants 
upon  both  continents  is  one  of  the  most  noteworthy 
developments  of  the  century;  but  the  great  excess  of 
increase  of  population  in  the  United  States  over  that 
of  the  nation  of  Europe  showing  the  largest  percentage 
illustrates,  and  to  some  extent  measures,  the  wealth 
of  opportunity  in  the  young  Repubhc  and  the  unusual 
virility  of  the  population. 

The  largest  percentage  of  increase  during  the  century 
from  1800  to  1900,  shown  by  the  table  on  page  85,  for 
an  J'  European  nation,  was  that  reported  for  Belgium^ 
204  per  cent.  Had  the  percentage  of  increase  of  the 
native  stock  of  the  white  population  of  the  United 
States  enmnerated  in  1800  been  only  as  great  as  that 
shown  by  Belgium,  the  white  population  of  the  United 
States  in  1900  would  have  been  as  follows: 

Native  element  of  the  white  population: 

Descendants  of  white  native  slock 13,  395,  596 

Descendants  of  white  immigrants  arriving  after 
1790,  as  above  computed 8,  539, 626 

Foreign  element  of  the  white  population 23, 313, 434 

Total 45, 248, 656 

This  total  approximates  the  white  population  of 
the  United  States  in  1880.  Thus  the  greater  fertility 
of  the  native  white  stock  of  the  United  States,  as 
compared  with  fertility  in  the  coimtries  of  Europe 
showing  the  largest  increase,  has  resulted  in  a  white 
population  in  1900  which  is  twenty  years  in  advance 
of  what  it  would  have  been  if  computed  on  the  slower 
rate  of  increase  shown  for  Belgium.  It  would  be 
difficult  to  suggest  more  vividly  the  great  fecundity 
during  the  nineteenth  century  of  the  white  population 
inhabiting  the  United  States  in  1800.^ 

It  is  probable  that  a  readjustment  of  population 
increase  is  now  in  progress,  and  that  the  steady  dimi- 
nution in  the  rate  of  increase  shown  for  both  Europe 
and  the  United  States  in  the  later  decades  of  the 
nineteenth  century  affords  confirmation  of  the  general 
accuracy  of  the  theory  advanced  by  Malthus,  long 

•The  insignificance  of  the  original  white  population  of  added 
areas  is  strikingly  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  at  the  first  census 
taken  after  the  acquisition  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  (seven  yeare 
later),  the  white  population  enumerated  in  what  are  now  the  states 
of  Louisiana,  Arkansas,  and  Missouri  formed  only  nine-tenths  of  1 
per  cent  of  the  total  white  population  of  the  United  States  in  1810. 
Similarly,  the  white  population  of  Florida  was  but  two-tenths  of  1 
per  cent  of  the  total  white  population  in  1830,  and  that  of  the  vast 
regions  acquired  between  1840  and  1850  was  but  1.7  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  the  latter  year. 

-  "Their  numbers  are  not  augmented  by  foreign  emigrants;  yet 
from  their  circumscribed  limits,  compact  situation,  and  natural 
population,  they  are  filling  the  western  parts  of  the  state  of  New 
York  and  the  country  on  the  Ohio  with  their  own  eurplusace  " 
(Washington  to  Sir  .John  Sinclair,  1796.)  "It  is  worth  remarking 
that  New  England,  which  ha.'i  sent  out  such  a  continued  swarm  to 
other  parts  of  the  Union  for  a  number  of  years,  has  continued  at  the 
same  time,  as  the  census  shows,  to  increase  in  population,  although 
it  is  well  known  that  it  has  received  but  comparatively  few  emi- 
CTants  from  any  quarter."  (James  Madison,  1821)— Bancroft,  5,  21S- 
Tenth  Census,  Population,  page  457.  ' 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


discredited,  because  it  happened  to  be  put  forward  at  a 
period  when  newly  awakened  national  development 
on  both  continents  seemingly  disproved  it. 

Increase  of  white  ■population  of  native  parentage  in 
the  states  enumerated  in  1790. — The  methods  outlined 
above  for  determining  the  increase  in  the  native  stock 
of  the  white  population  are  too  detailed,  and  the  re- 
sults too  imperfect,  to  justify  computation  for  indi- 
vidual states.  Since  the  Census  classification  which 
most  closely  approximates  the  native  stock  is  the 
native  white  of  native  parentage,  in  the  following 
summary  the  white  population  in  1800  of  the  states 
enumerated  in  1790  is  compared  with  the  native  white 
population  of  native  parentage  in  the  same  area  in 
1900,  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the  tendency  to 
comparatively  small  increase  exhibited  by  the  native 
element  of  the  white  population  in  the  older  states  of 
the  original  area. 

Table  23. — While  population  in  1800  of  each  state  and  territory 
enumerated  in  1790,  compared  with  the  native  white  population  of 
native  parentage  in  the  same  area  in  1900. 


Area  enumerated  in  1790 — 
New  England 


Maine 

New  Hanipstiire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. .. 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania.. 
Delaware 


Southern  states. 


Maryland  and  District  of  Co- 
lumbia   

Virginia  and  West  Virginia. . . 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia  1 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


White 

population 

ISOO. 


4,250,896 


1,214,359 


150,901 
182,998 
153,908 
410,393 
66,438 
244,721 

1,388,003 


557,731 

194,325 

58(),095 

49,852 

1,648,534 


226,392 
514,280 
337,764 
196,255 
102,261 
179,873 
91,709 


Native 
white  popu- 
lation of   { 
native 
parentage, 
1900. 


18,926,020 


2,511,110 


493,082 
242,614 
225,381 
1,032,264 
144,986 
372,783 

7,524,608 


2,851,513 
825,973 

3,729,093 
118,029 

8,890,302 


814,122 
1,985,194 
1,250,811 

540,766 
1,144,360 
1,673,413 
1,481,636 


Amount. 


14,675,124 


1,296,751 


342, 181 
69,616 
71,473 

615,871 
79,548 

128,062 

6,136,605 


2,293,782 

631,648 

3,142,998 

68,177 

7,241,768 


587,730 
1,470,914 
913,047 
344,511 
1,042,099 
1,493,540 
1,389,927 


Per  cent. 


345.2 


106.8 


226.8 
32.6 
46.4 
147.9 
121.6 
62.3 

442.1 


411.3 
325.0 
536.3 
136.8 

439.3 


259.6 
286.0 
270.3 
175.5 

1,019.1 
830.3 

1,515.6 


1  Entire  state. 

Upon  comparing  the  white  population  in  1800  in  the 
area  enumerated  in  1790  with  the  native  white  popula- 
tion of  native  parentage  in  the  same  area  in  1900,  the 
increase  during  the  century  is  shown  to  be  less  than 
350  per  cent.  As  already  pointed  out,  the  population 
even  as  thus  classified  has  been  reenforced  durmg  the 
century  by  the  third  and  subsequent  generations  of 
the  descendants  of  immigrants.  The  significance  of 
the  table  therefore  lies  principal^  m  the  compara- 
tively moderate  increase  which  appears  upon  with- 
drawing fi'om  the  total  population  even  part  of  the 
increase  due  to  immigration. 

This  summary  is  presented  by  the  3  general  geo- 
graphic divisions,  in  order  to  indicate  the  differences 
in  increase  which  appeared  in  these  sections.  In 
none  of  the  New  England  states  was  there  a  large 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION. 


91 


increase  during  the  century  in  the  number  of  native 
whites  of  native  parentage.  This  fact  is  indicative 
of  heavy  emigration,  and  doubtless  also  of  a  very  low 
birth  rate.  The  immense  increase  sh()^\^l  for  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  and  Tennessee  can  not  be  regarded  as 
especially  important,  because  at  the  beginning  of  the 
century  these  areas  were  just  being  settled,  and  2 
of  the  3  were  merely  territories  or  districts.  During 
the  carher  decades  of  the  century,  when  the  older 
states  were  to  a  great  extent  distributers  of  popula- 
tion, these  3  states  were  distinctly  tiie  recipients  of 
immigration;  obviously,  therefore,  the  growtli  of 
population  in  all  3  was  contributed  largely  by  persons 
of  native  stock. 

Growth  of  the  British  race. — Elsewhere  in  these 
pages  will  be  found  a  discussion  of  nationality  at  the 
First  Census,  indicating  that  much  the  larger  part  of 
the  white  inhabitants  of  the  United  States  were 
natives,  or  the  offspring  of  natives,  of  Great  Britain, 
and  principal!}-  of  England.'  The  population  of  Great 
Britain  in  1712  is  estimated  to  have  been  but  9,000,000. 
During  the  succeeding  century  (the  eighteenth) 
Great  Britain  contributed  from  this  small  population 
the  stock  which  formed  the  larger  part  of  the  white 
population  of  the  United  States  in  1790,  and  which, 
as  already  pointed  out,  increased  by  1900  to  approxi- 
mately 35,000,000  souls.  In  1801  the  population  of 
the  United  Ivingdom  was  16,200,000;  by  1900  it  had 
increased  to  41,000,000.  But  during  the  nineteenth 
century  the  mother  country  also  contributed,  even 
more  freely  than  she  had  contributed  during  the  eight- 
eenth century  to  North  America,  to  the  population  of 
the  United  States  and  to  that  of  a  score  of  younger 
colonies.  The  spectacle  is  thus  presented  of  a  nation 
which  not  only  increased  during  the  century  more 
generously  than  did  any  of  its  rivals,  but  at  the  same 
time  created  other  nations,  one  of  which  alone  pro- 
duced within  the  century  a  native  population  nearly 
equal  to  that  of  the  mother  count^}^  It  is  possible 
that  a  racial  growth  similar  in  character  may  have 
occurred  upon  a  small  scale  in  connection  with  some 
of  tlie  colonies  established  by  ancient  cities  along  the 
Mediterranean,  but  in  magnitude  there  appears  to  be 
no  parallel  in  history  for  this  population  achievement 
of  tlie  British  race  from  1700  to  1900. 

Increase  of  negro  population. — In  comparing  the  in- 
crease of  population  in  the  United  States  with  that 
of  the  nations  of  Europe,  attention  has  thus  far  been 
directed  to  the  changes  in  white  population,  since  the 
white  race  only  can  be  considered  in  comparison  with 
Europe.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  the 
negro  has  always  constituted  an  important  part  of  the 
population  of  the  United  States,  and  also  that  the  negro 
element  must  be  classed  as  distinctly  native.  From 
1,002,037  negroes  in  the  United  States  in  1800  the 
number  increased  to  8,833,994  in  continental  United 
States  in  1900,  of  whom  8.792,955  belonged  to  the 
native  element. 

'  Chapter  XI,  page  116. 


It  must  not  be  overlooked  that  the  negroes  enu- 
merated in  ISOO  received  accessions  between  1800  and 
1808,  and  possibly  surreptitioiLs  additions  later, 
through  further  importation  of  slaves.  Since  tliis 
enforced  immigration  occurred  at  the  beginning  of  the 
century  under  consideration,  the  total  increase  from 
this  source  should  lie  included  in  the  total  negro  popu- 
lation existing  at  the  beginning  of  the  centurj-.  Tliis 
addition  was  more  than  70,000,'  probably  about 
100,000,  and  there  should  be  added  also  appro.ximately 
50,000  negroes  acquired  by  accession  of  territorv. 
With  this  atljustment,  the  increase  from  1800  to  1900 
in  tlic  native  element  of  the  negro  population  of  the 
United  States  was  663.3  per  cent. 

The  increase  of  negroes,  however,  presents  an  en- 
tirely tiifTerent  problem  from  that  presented  bv  the 
increase  of  whites.  The  negro  race  is  very  prolific, 
and  possibly  would  have  accomplished,  unaided,  the 
increase  shown.  But  it  is  impossible  even  to  estimate 
what  influence  the  white  race  has  exerted  upon  the 
increase  of  what  is  classed  as  negro  population. 
Tliere  were  many  mulattoes  in  the  I'nited  States  even 
before  1800;  by  a  census  of  Maryland  in  1755,  8.0  per 
cent  of  the  negroes  were  returned  as  mulattoes. 
Attempts  were  made  at  the  censuses  of  1870  and  1890 
to  measure  the  strain  of  white  blood  in  persons 
classed  as  negroes,  and  the  returns,  while  regarded  as 
very  inaccurate,  supplied  at  least  an  approximate 
measurement,  where  before  none  had  existcfl.  The 
negroes  reported  as  partly  white  formed  12  per  cent 
of  the  total  number  in  1870  and  15.2  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  1890.  It  is  probable  that  this  proportion  is 
increasing;  even  upon  the  basis  of  the  proportion 
shown  for  1890,  however,  in  1900  the  number  of 
persons  in  continental  United  States  classed  as 
negroes,  but  containing  some  white  blood,  would 
have  been  at  least  1,342,767.  Part  of  this  number 
might  be  regartled  as  outsiile  of  normal  increase,  and 
as  bearing  to  the  natural  increase  of  negroes  enu- 
merated in  1800  a  relation  somewhat  similar  to  the 
increase  contributed  to  the  white  inhabitants  of  the 
Republic  by  immigrants  and  children  of  immigrants. 
It  is  more  probal>le,  however,  that  the  contribution  of 
the  wliite  race  to  negro  increase  should  be  regarded 
as  a  substitute  for  increase  which  other\vise  would  have 
been  furnishetl  by  the  negro  race  itself. 

Summary  of  increase  in  total  population. — From  the 
foregoing  analysis  of  the  increase  of  the  native  white 
and  negro  elements  composing  the  population  of  the 
United  States,  the  total  number  of  persons  enumerated 
(and  included)  in  both  elements  in  1800  (5,558,483) 
increased  to  43,749,091  in  1900,  an  increase  of  687.1 
per  cent.  During  the  century,  therefore,  the  popula- 
ti(m  of  the  I'nited  States,  including  both  wliito  and 
negro,  unaideil  by  immigration,  increased  nearly 
sevenfold,  while  during  the  same  period  the  population 
of  Europe,  exclusive  of  Russia,  Turkey,  and  Greece, 
increased  119.4  per  cent.     The  largest  increase  shown 

'Seventh  Census.  Compendium,  page  83. 


92 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


by  any  nation  of  Europe  was  204  per  cent,  or  less  than 
one-third  as  great. 

The  similarity  here  shown  in  the  increase  durmg 
the  ninotecnth  century  of  the  whites  and  negroes 
enumerated  at  its  be;;inning,  po.ssesses  especial  signifi- 
cance when  it  is  remembered  that  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  century  the  conditions  under  which  the 
two  races  existed  were  radically  different.  The  white 
race  possessed  all  the  advantages  of  imlimited  re- 
sources and  complete  independence,  and  of  a  strict 
observance  of  the  family  relation.  In  marked  con- 
trast, during  much  more  than  half  of  the  period  under 
consideration  the  negro  race  was  for  the  most  part  in 
a  state  of  bondage,  and  the  family  relation  was  doubt- 
less frequently  subordinated  to  the  exigencies  of 
ownership. 


Table  24. —  White,  negro,  Indian,  and  Mongolian  population,  tcitk 
number  and  per  cent  of  increase,  for  continental  United  States:  1800 
and  1900. 


1800' 

1900 

INCEEASE. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

5, 558, 483 

75,994,575 

70,436,092 

1,267.2 

White 

4,406,446 

66,809,196 

62,402,750 

1,416.2 

4,406,446 

34,956,136 
31, 853,  OLIO 

8,833,994 

30,549,690 
31,853,060 

7,681,957 

693.3 

Negro 

1,152,037 

666.8 

1,152,037 

8,792,955 
41,039 

351,385 

7,640,918 
41,039 

351,385 

663.3 

1  Including  an  estimate  of  100.000  white  persons  and  50.000  negroes  as  the  popu- 
lation in  1800  of  areas  added  after  that  year,  and  an  estimate  of  100,000  negroes  as  the 
number  of  slaves  imported  after  1800. 


APPORTIONMENT. 


The  Constitution  contained  the  following  provision: 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the 
several  states  which  may  be  included  w-ithin  this  Union,  according 
to  their  respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding 
to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to 
service  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three- 
fifths  of  all  other  persons.' 

The  same  paragraph  further  stipulateil  that,  until  an 
enumeration  should  be  made,  each  state  should  be  en- 
titled to  a  specified  number  of  representatives,  the  total 
being  65. 

The  population  required  for  one  representative  has 
increased  from  33,000  in  1790  to  nearly  200,000  in 
1900,  or  six  times  the  number  of  citizens  represented 
at  the  outset.  With  the  basis  of  apportionment  at  the 
last  census  the  same  as  at  the  first,  the  membership  in 
the  House  of  Representatives,  instead  of  being  3S6,  as 
determined  by  the  apportionment  act  under  the 
Twelfth  Census,  would  have  been  2,259.  On  the  other 
hand,  were  the  ratio  which  was  employed  in  1900  ap- 
plied to  the  states  in  1790,  the  largest  delegation  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  would  have  been  3  mem- 
bers; only  4  states  would  have  had  2  members;  the 
remaining  states  would  have  had  but  1 ;  and  the  total 

'  Since  superseded  by  the  Fourteenth  Amendment. 


membership  of  the  House  of  Representatives  would 
have  been  19. 

The  change  in  the  apportionment  of  representatives 
in  Congress  which  has  been  in  progress  during  the  cen- 
tury from  the  First  Census  to  the  Twelfth  is  indicated 
by  the  following  summary: 

Apportionment  of  congressional  representation:  1790  to  1900. 


Population 
to  each  rep- 
resentative. 

EEPKESENTATrVES. 

CENStJS  TEAR. 

Total 
number. 

Area  enumerated 
in  1790. 

Added  area. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

1790 

33,000 
33,000 
35,000 
40,000 
47,700 
70,680 
93, 423 
127.381 
131.425 
151,911 
173,901 
194. 182 

105 
141 
181 
213 
240 
223 
234 
241 
292 
325 
356 
386 

105 
141 
175 
187 
199 
101 
154 
139 
156 
153 
168 
179 

100.0 
100.0 
96.7 
87.8 
82.9 
72.2 
65.8 
57.7 
53.4 
47.1 
47.2 
46.4 

ISOO 

1810   .. 

6 
26 
41 
62 
80 
102 
136- 
172 
188 
207 

3.3 

1820 

12.2 

1830   .. 

17.1 

1840 

27.8 

1850 

34.2 

1860 

42.3 

1870.. 

46.6 

IS80     . 

52.9 

1890 

52.8 

1900 

63.6 

This  comparison  affords  an  effective  and  final  illus- 
tration of  the  extraordinary  change  which  has  occurred 
during  the  first  century  of  population  growth  in  the 
United  States. 


VII.  SEX  AND  AGE  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION. 


DECREASE  IN  PROPORTION  OF  MALES— IN  PROPOR- 
TION OF  EACH  SEX  UNDER  16  YEARS— INFLIENCE 
OF  IMMIGRATION— OF  MODERN  SANITARY  SCIENCE. 


At  the  First  Census  a  complete  cliissification  of  sex 
and  a  partial  classification  of  age  were  obtained  for  the 
entiro  white  population.  The  three  questions  under 
which  these  items  were  secured  were  as  follows: 

1.  Free  white  males  of  16  years  and  upward,  including  heads  of 
families. 

2.  Free  white  males  under  16  years. 

3.  Free  white  females,  including  heads  of  families. 

Sex. — Discussion  of  the  proportions  of  the  sexes  in 
the  United  States  has  been  presented  from  time  to 
time  in  reports  of  the  Federal  census.  Such  change  as 
has  occurred  in  the  proportion  of  the  sexes  is  best 
illustrated  by  computing  the  number  of  males  in  each 
1,000  of  population  in  1790  and  1900  and  midway,  in 
1850. 

Table  25. — Proportion  of  males  in  the  uhile  population,  by  states 
and  territories:  1790,  1850,  and  1900. 


STATE  OB  TERRITORY. 


Continental  I'nltcd  States. 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

New  England 


Maine 

New  Uampshlre. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts.. . 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


NXTMBER  or  HALES  PER 
1,0(10  OK  WIUTE  POPU- 
LATION. 


I7S0 


S09 


1830 


513 


504 


498 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey 

I'ennsyivanla.. 
Delaware 


511 
503 
526 
490 
492 
495 

514 


Southern  states. 


516 
510 
514 
517 

515 


Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia. 

Virt.'laia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


Added  area. 


514 
514 
511 
523 
513 
527 
519 


510 
491 
609 
491 
4«9 
495 

506 


507 
501 
506 
502 

506 


504 
504 
494 
502 
510 
516 
506 

529 


1900 


513 


502 


494 


605 
499 
609 
487 
489 
500 

502 


497 
500 
508 
510 

506 


495 
510 
500 
504 
504 
509 
606 

521 


The  proportion  of  males  in  the  white  population 
shows  a  more  marked  decrease  from  1790  to  1900  in 
the  Middle  and  Southern  states  than  in  New  England. 
In  1790  the  only  states  reporting  an  excess  of  females 
were  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut. 


In  1900  such  excess  was  reported  not  only  by  Ma.ssa- 
chusetts  and  Rhode  Island,  but  also  by  New  Hamp- 
shire, New  York,  and  Maryland.  Had  the  propor- 
tions been  the  same  in  1790  as  in  the  original  area  in 
1900,  there  would  have  been  2.1,194  fcwerwhite  males 
than  were  reported  at  the  First  Census.  If,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  proportion  of  males  in  the  area  enu- 
merated in  1790  had  been  the  same  in  1900  as  in  1790, 
the  number  of  males  reported  would  have  been 
greater  by  216,826. 

Age. — The  age  classification  secured  at  the  First 
Census  separated  white  males  into  age  groups  above 
and  under  the  age  of  16  j'ears,  without  a  similar  sepa- 
ration for  females.  In  any  attempt  to  analyze  the  age 
figures  thus  presented,  it  becomes  necessary  to  esti- 
mate the  same  classification  with  respect  to  females. 
The  defect  noted  in  the  enumeration  of  1790  was  cor- 
rected at  the  census  of  1800.  Hence,  within  a  decade 
of  1790  the  exact  proportion  of  females  in  the  age 
groups  specified  were  definitel}'  known.  This  fact  sug- 
gests the  practicability  of  utilizing  the  well-known  and 
fairly  constant  statistical  ratio  between  the  numbers 
of  males  and  females,  and  the  probably  similar  ratios 
for  the  principal  age  groups. 

Before  utiUzing  such  proportions,  it  was  of  course 
necessary  to  demonstrate  that  the  results  would  be 
substantially  accurate.  If  from  the  Second  to  the 
Third  Census  no  markeil  variation  is  found  in  the 
proportion  formed  of  all  white  females  b\'  wliite 
females  under  16  years  of  age,  either  in  the  total 
or  in  the  returns  for  the  same  states,  the  propor- 
tion from  1790  to  1800  is  likely  to  have  been  fairly 
constant;  furthermore,  if  the  proportion  formed  of  all 
wliite  males  by  white  males  under  16  in  1790,  as  com- 
pared with  the  similar  proportion  shown  in  1800,  varied 
little,  it  wouhl  then  be  established  beyond  reasonable 
doubt  that  the  proportion  of  wliite  females  in  the 
same  age  groups,  though  unascertained,  must  have 
differed  but  little  in  1790  from  the  proportions  actually 
shown  in  ISflO.  Hence,  the  application  of  the  jjropor- 
tion  shown  for  wliite  females  under  16  years  of  age 
in  the  various  states  in  1800,  to  obtain  the  number 
of  females  in  the  same  age  group  in  1790,  would  be 
fully  justified.  "What  are  tiie  results  of  an  analysis 
concerning  the  constancy  of  such  ratios? 

(93) 


94 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


The  proportion  wliich  the  white  females  under  16 
years  of  age  in  the  year  ISOO  formed  of  all  white 
females  amounted  to  about  one-half.  It  varied  less 
than  one-twentieth  of  1  per  cent  from  1800  to  1810. 
The  percentages  for  the  United  States  and  for  the 
New  England  states,  Middle  states,  and  Southern 
states  at  both  censuses  were: 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  stateji 

Southern  states 


1800 


49.7 


46.3 
60.2 
51.6 


46.4 
50.3 
51.4 


For  the  most  part  the  range  among  individual 
states  is  very  narrow.  In  8  out  of  17  states  the  differ- 
ence in  proportion  is  less  than  1  per  cent,  and  in  no 
instance  tloes  it  exceed  3  per  cent. 

The  proportion  in  1800  for  males  under  16  years 
of  age  is  substantially  the  same  as  for  females,  being: 


1800 

1810 

United  States                                         

50.4 

50.3 

New  England                     

48.9 
60.0 
51.8 

47.9 

Middle  states                            

50.2 

51.8 

The  important  ciuestion,  however,  is  obviously  the 
confirmation  wdiich  may  or  may  not  be  afforded  by 
the  similarity  of  the  proportion  shown  for  white 
males  under  16  years  of  age  at  the  Second  Census 
as  compared  ^vith  the  First.  The  proportions  of 
males  in  this  age  group  at  the  First  and  Second 
censuses  were  as  follows : 


1190 

1800 

United  States 

49.6 

50  4 

48.4 
48.7 
51.1 

Middle  states 

Southern  states 

51  8 

In  short,  the  uniformity  in  the  proportion  of  white 
females  under  16  years  of  age  among  all  wlute  females 
in  1810  as  compared  with  1800,  the  similarity  in  the 
proportion  of  white  males  under  1 6  and  white  females 
under  16  in  ISOO  as  compared  wdth  1810,  and  the 
similarity  of  the  proportion  of  all  white  males  formed 
by  those  under  16  years  of  age  in  1800  as  compared 
with  1790,  appear  to  justify  the  use  of  the  proportion 
of  females  under  16  years  of  age  returned  in  1800  by 
the  several  states,  to  compute  the  number  of  females 
in  the  same  age  group  in  1790.  Accordingly,  in  Table 
106,  on  page  208,  will  be  found  the  probable  number 
of  females  under  and  over  the  age  of  16,  detei-mined 
in  accordance  with  the  proportions  shown  by  the 
various  states  in  1800. 


SEX  AND  AGE. 

■WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Total                                           

3,172,444 

1,619,184 
1.553,260 

51.0 

49.0 

Males                                    

1,615,761 

815,098 
800,663 

1,556,683 

50.4 

49  6 

16  years  and  over      

804,086 
752,597 

51.7 

48.3 

The  proportions  of  white  persons  of  both  sexes 
who  were  under  16  years  of  age  in  1790  are  com- 
pared with  the  corresponding  proportions  in  1900  in 
the  following  summary : 

Per  cent  white  persons  under  16  years  of  age  form  of  total  white  popu- 
lation, and  per  cent  while  males  and  females  of  the  same  age  group 
form  of  all  white  males  and  females,  respectively:  1790  and  1900. 


BOTH 

SEXES. 

MALES. 

FEMALES. 

1790 

1900 

1790 

1900 

1790 

1900 

Continental  United  States. 

49.0 

35.6 

49.6 

35.2 

48.3 

36.1 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

49.0 

34.1 

49.6 

34.3 

48.3 

33.9 

47.0 

29.1 

48.4 

29.6 

45.6 

28  7 

Maine    . 

50.7 
48,6 
51.3 
45.5 
46.4 
45.4 

49.4 

29.0 
27.5 
29.4 
29.0 
30.5 
29.7 

32.6 

60.4 
49.1 
49.9 
47.8 
49.6 
47.2 

48.7 

29.0 
27.5 
29.2 
29.6 
31.7 
29.8 

32.6 

51.1 
48.0 
52.8 
43.4 
43.3 
43.7 

60.2 

29  0 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont. 

27.6 
29  6 

Massachusetts 

28  3 

29  3 

32  5 

New  York 

49.3 

48.7 
49.8 
49.4 

50.2 

30.9 
32.7 
34.5 
32.7 

40.0 

48.3 
47.8 
49.2 
50.8 

51.1 

31.2 
32.7 
34.2 
32.6 

40.2 

60.5 
49.6 
60.4 
48.0 

49.2 

30  6 

New  Jersey 

32  6 

Pennsylvftnia 

34  8 

Southern  states 

39  7 

Maryland  and  District 

45.0 

49.7 
61.9 
52.2 
53.1 
54.5 
55.0 

33.3 

40.0 
42.8 
41.8 
41.6 
40.4 
41.1 

36.9 

47.9 

51.1 
52.5 
51.5 
51.7 
53.0 
52.9 

33.9 

40.0 
43.6 
42.5 
41.8 
40.3 
41.4 

35.8 

41.9 

48.1 
51.1 
53.0 
64.6 
66.3 
57.2 



32.8 

Virginia  and  West  Vir- 

42  0 

South  Carolina 

41  1 

Georgia 

41  4 

Tennp.wpp 

40  8 

Added  area 

38  0 

The  summary  indicates  that  the  proportion  of  each 
sex  under  16  years  of  age  was  materially  less  for  the 
United  States  in  1900  than  in  1790,  and  slightly  less 
in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  than  for  the  entire 
nation.  The  most  decided  changes  in  this  respect  ap- 
pear in  the  New  England  states.  In  some  of  these  the 
proportion  in  1900  was  little  more  than  one-half  of  that 
shown  in  1790.  The  change  is  least  marked  in  the 
Southern  states,  where  the  white  population  has  main- 
tained a  much  larger  proportion  of  increase  than  in 
other  portions  of  the  country,  and  has  been  but  little 
affected  by  immigration  during  the  century.  In  1790 
7  out  of  the  17  states  and  territories  enumerated  showed 


SEX  AND  AGE  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION. 


95 


a  proportion  of  more  than  one-half  under  IG  years  of 
age;  the  lowest  proportion  shown  by  any  state  or  ter- 
ritory at  that  census  was  that  of  Maryland,  in  which 
45  per  cent  of  the  inhabitants  were  under  16  years  of 
age.  In  1900,  however,  no  state  reported  a  proportion 
as  high  as  the  lowest  reported  for  1790. 

The  question  at  once  presents  itself,  whether  a  large 
part  of  the  tlecided  reiluction  shown  in  this  summary 
is  net  attributable  to  the  arrival  in  the  last  decade  of 
the  nineteenth  century  of  great  numbers  of  immi- 
grants, a  very  large  proportion  of  whom  were  over  16 
years  of  age.  Such  an  infliLX  would  seemingly  tend  to 
augment  the  proportion  of  the  population  in  the  higher 
age  group  at  the  expense  of  that  in  the  lower.  To 
measure  the  influence  of  this  element,  two  computa- 
tions were  made  to  determine  the  proportion  which 
in  1900  (1)  the  native  white  of  native  parentage  under 
16  years  of  age  and  (2)  the  native  white  of  foreign  par- 
entage and  the  foreign  white  in  the  same  age  period, 
formed  of  the  total  produced  by  adding  to  their 
number  the  number  of  persons  available  for  their  sup- 
port. The  first  computation  gave  the  proportion  which 
the  native  white  of  native  parentage  mider  16  years  of 
age  formed  of  the  total  obtained  by  adding  to  their 
number  the  total  native  white  of  native  parentage 
above  16,  and  the  married,  widowed,  and  divorced  na- 
tive white  of  foreign  parentage  in  this  same  age  period; 
the  second  gave  the  proportion  which  the  total  of  the 
foreign  white  imder  16  years  of  age  and  the  native 
white  of  foreign  parentage  in  the  same  age  period 
formed  of  the  aggregate  produced  upon  adding  to  their 
number  the  foreign  white  above  16  years  and  the  single 
native  white  of  foreign  parentage  in  the  same  age 
period.  For  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the  propor- 
tions obtained  by  these  two  computations  were  35.5 
and  35.9  })er  cent,  respectively,  as  compared  with  35.6 
in  the  preceding  summary.     It  thus  appears  that  the 


influence  of  the  large  influx  of  adult  immigrants  upon 
the  proportion.s  shown  in  tiie  .summary  has  been  practi- 
cally offset  by  a  higher  birth  rate  among  these  inuni- 
grants,  and  that  the  proportion  shown  for  1900  in  the 
preceding  sununary  has  not  been  materially  affected 
by  immigration. 

While  the  increase  or  tlecrease  in  the  birth  rate  be- 
tween the  First  ajid  Twelfth  censuses  is  the  principal 
factor  in  determinmg  the  proportions  above  and  below 
the  age  of  16  3'ears,  increased  longevity  is  another  pos- 
sible factor  which  might  exert  some  influence  upon  the 
proportions.  The  average  age  of  the  population  has 
unquestionably  increased  materially  since  1790,  be- 
cause of  improved  sanitary  conditions,  the  advance  in 
medical  and  surgical  skill,  aiul  doubtless  also  the 
greater  intelligence  of  the  commimity  with  respect  to 
the  preservation  of  health;  it  is  not  probable,  however, 
that  the  last-named  factor  would  materially  affect  the 
percentage  here  shown.  The  advance  in  medical  skill 
and  sanitary  appliances  since  1790  has  tended  to  pre- 
serve infant  life  perhaps  even  more  than  adult  life,  and 
the  increase  in  the  average  age  is  due  rather  to  the 
preservation  of  life  among  young  people  who  are  crip- 
pled, deformed,  or  weak,  than  to  the  actual  lengthen- 
ing of  life  to  old  age. 

The  argument  has  frequenth'  been  advanced  that 
the  important  point  to  be  considered  is  the  number  of 
survivors  in  the  young  population,  since  the  nimiber 
of  survivors  from  a  high  birth  rate  attended  by  a  high 
death  rale  may  perhaps  be  no  greater  than  the  nujnber 
from  low  birth  and  death  rates.  The  statistics  under 
consideration  relate  to  living  children  imder  16  jcars 
of  age ;  and,  whatever  the  mortality  may  have  been,  the 
fact  remains  that  at  the  period  of  the  First  Census  the 
survivors  were  so  numerous  as  to  increase  the  popu- 
lation with  almost  unexampled  rapidity. 


VIII.  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  FAMILY. 


AVERAGE  SIZE  OF  PRIVATE  FAMILIES— SLAVE- 
HOLDING  AND  NONSLAVEHOLDING  FAMILIES- 
PROPORTION     OF    CHILDREN— DWELLINGS. 


NUMBER   OF   FAMILIES. 

In  the  preceding  chapters  analysis  has  been  con- 
fined principally  to  tabulations  of  data  secured  from 
the  report  of  the  First  Census  and  thus  available  for 
all  the  states.  In  this  and  in  several  of  the  succeed- 
ing chapters  the  statistics  presented  are  derived  prin- 
cipally from  the  schedules.  This  fact  obviously  pre- 
cludes detailed  consideration  of  returns  for  the  states  of 
New  Jersey,  Delaware,  and  Georgia,  and  for  the  dis- 
tricts of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  While  the  schedules 
for  Virginia  also  are  missing,  their  place  is  supplied  in 


a  measure  by  lists  of  inhabitants  at  state  enumerations 
made  near  the  close  of  the  Revolution.  For  the  other 
states  and  territories  mentioned,  facts  in  some  in- 
stances, can  be  approximated  with  reasonable  accuracy 
from  the  returns  for  adjoining  states. 

Size  of  families. — In  tabulating  families  as  reported 
at  the  First  Census  only  private  families  were  con- 
sidered— in  other  words,  all  households  which  were 
obviously  institutions,  or  of  a  public  or  semipublic 
character,  were  excluded.  The  following  table  affords 
a  comparison  of  the  average  size  of  private  families  in 
1790  and  1900: 


Table  26. —AVERAGE  SIZE  OF  PRIVATE  FAMILIES,   BY    STATES  AND  TERRITORIES:  1790  AND  1900. 


STATE  OE  TEEKITOBY. 

TOTAL  FREE  POPtJLATION 
IN  FAMIUES. 

NUMBER  OF  FAMIUES. 

AVERAGE  NUMBEE 
OF  PERSONS  IN 
EACH  FAMILY. 

1790 

1900 

1790 

1900 

1790 

1900 

Continental  United  States 

3.199,784 

73,410,992 

557,889 

15.963.965 

5.7 

4.6 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 ... 

3, 199, 784 

32,435,715 

557,889 

7,036,638 

5.7 

4  6 

New  England 

998,879 

5,351,133 

174,017 

1,236,929 

5.7 

4  3 

Maine 

96.089 
141,500 

85,239 
375, 779 

06. 533 
233,739 

902,032 

670,007 
394,378 
332,800 
2,672,527 
409, 713 
871,648 

15,009,190 

17.009 
24.005 
14,992 
65.779 
11.296 
40,876 

166, 762 

161,588 
96,534 
80, 559 

604,873 
92,735 

200,640 

3,359,344 

5.6 
5.9 
5.7 
5.7 
5.9 
6.7 

5.8 

4  1 

Vermont 

4  1 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

4  4 

Connecticut 

4.3 
4.5 

Middle  states 

New  York 

6,922,931 

1,819,831 

6,086,595 

179,833 

12,075,392 

64,878 

129,779 

73.874 

18.231 

217, 110 

1,608.170 

408,993 

1,303,174 

39,007 

2,440,365 

5.7 
5.8 
5.7 
6.1 

5.7 

4.3 

4  4 

New  Jersey 

172,716 
423.698 
50,209 

1,238,873 

i'ennsvlvania 

4.7 
4.6 

4.9 

Delaware 

Southern  states 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia 

202.966 
454,983 
292, 554 
141,565 
53,284 
61,247 
32,274 

1.414,205 
2,747,856 
1,871,311 
1,322,918 
624,244 
2,112.462 
1,982,406 

40,975,277 

=30,228 

175,830 

2  52,613 

25,872 

19.867 

110.937 

15,763 

295,302 
544,529 
367, 565 
267,859 
131.805 
434.228 
399,017 

8,927,327 

5.6 
6.0 
5.6 
5.5 
5.4 
6.6 
6.6 

4.8 
5.0 
5.1 
4.9 
4.7 
4.9 
5.0 

4.6 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carohna 

South  Carolina 

Georgia" 

Kentuclty 

Tennessee 

Added  area 

1  Estimated. 


=  Estimated  lor  3  counties. 


>  Part  enumerated  in  1790. 


In  the  foregoing  table  the  average  number  of  persons 
per  private  family  for  1790  is  necessarily  computed 
for  the  free  population  only,  while  the  average  for  1900 
is  computed  for  the  total  population.  Had  the  com- 
putation at  the  Twelfth  Census  been  made  for  white 
and  colored  separately,  greater  accuracy  could  have 
(96) 


been  secured  by  using  the  return  for  the  white  element 
alone  for  comparison  with  the  returns  for  1790;  but 
such  classification  was  not  made.  A  study  was  made, 
however,  during  the  preparation  of  the  Twelfth  Census 
reports,  to  determine  whether  such  a  classification  was 
advisable  by  reason  of  apparent  difference  in  size  of 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  FAMILY. 


97 


family  in  the  two  elements;  and  it  was  fount!  that,  in 
spite  of  popular  impression  to  the  contrary,  the  differ- 
ence was  so  small  as  to  be  negligible. 

The  average  size  of  family  in  1790  was  5.7  persons 
for  the  entire  area  covered;  for  the  several  states  it 
ranged  from  5.4  in  Georgia  to  6.1  in  Delaware.     In 

DiAcnAM  8 — CHANGE  IN  .WER.VC.E 
20 


1900  the  average  size  of  family,  both  for  continental 
Unileil  States  as  a  whole  and  for  the  area  covered  in 
1790,  had  decreased  by  more  than  1  person  ('>.7  to 
4.6);  U)V  the  states  covered  in  17'.KJ  it  ranged  from  4.1 
in  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  and  Vermont  to  5.1  in 
North  Carolina. 
SIZE  OF  r.VMILIES;  1700  TO  inoo. 


CO 

ui 


< 


-I 
< 

o 

y- 

u. 
O 

I- 
z 
liJ 
o 

a: 
li) 
a. 


I  I  AND  oven 


NUMBER    OF    PERSONS    IN   FAMILY 


This  table  furnishes  another  instance  in  which 
analysis  of  the  returns  of  1790,  when  compared  with 
similar  analysis  for  the  returns  of  1900,  shows  the 
minimum  in  1790  to  be  larger  than  the  maxinmm  in 
1900.  At  the  Twelfth  Census  73,410,992  persons  in 
continental  United  States,  out  of  an  entire  population 
of  approximately  76,000,000,  were  returned  as  living 
in  15,963,965  private  families.  If  this  number  of 
persons  (both  white  and  colored)  had  reported 
families  of  the  size  shown  in  1790,  the  total  number  of 
families  in  1900  would  have  been  12,879,121;  in  other 
words,  in  1900,  had  the  size  of  family  rcmaine<l  the 
same  as  in  1790,  he  number  of  persons  who  composed 
the  15,963,965  families  would  have  been  grouped  in 


3,084,844  fewer  families  than  were  actually  reported. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  the  average  size  of  the  15,963,965 
families  reported  in  1900  had  been  as  great  as  the 
average  shown  in  1790,  the  population  in  1900  would 
have  been  increased  by  nearly  20,000,000.  This  com- 
parison suggests  tiie  increase  which  has  been  in  progress 
in  number  of  households,  without  correspomling  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  members.  The  greater  part 
of  this  change  is  doubtless  the  result  of  the  decreased 
proportion  of  children. 

The  following  tables  show  a  distribution,  according 
to  size,  of  the  number  of  private  families  in  1790  and 
of  the  total  number  of  families  in  1900: 


98  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Table  27.-PR1VATE  FAMILIES.  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  SIZE,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES:'  1790. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 


Area  covered  by  1790  schedules  In 
existence 


New  England.. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire., 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

Pennsylvania. 


Southern  states.. 


Maryland^ 

North  Carolina'. 
South  Carolina. . 


Total 
number 

of 
families. 


410,636 


174,017 


17,009 
24,065 
14,992 
65, 779 
11,296 
40,876 

128,752 


54,878 
73,874 

107,867 


33,294 
48,701 
25,872 


NUUBEB  or  FAMIUES  CONTAINING 


1 

person. 


15,353 


5,134 


1,109 
814 
505 

1,393 
231 

1,082 

3,669 


1,123 
2,546 


1,687 
3,519 
1,344 


2 
persons. 


31,979 
13,564 


1,115 
1,502 
1,060 
5,754 
865 
3,268 

9,716 


3,909 
5,807 


2,696 
3,754 
2,249 


3 
persons. 


48,116 
20,428 


1,978 
2,669 
1,734 
7,990 
1,387 
4,670 

15,152 


6,560 
8,592 

12,536 


3,890 
5,483 
3, 163 


4 
persons. 


56,615 


2,201 
3,282 
2,146 
8,999 
1,523 
5,706 

17,916 


7,945 
9,971 


14,842 


4,619 
6,482 
3,741 


5 
persons. 


57,171 
24,240 


2,223 
3,392 
2,139 
9,224 
1,472 
5,790 

18,388 


8,197 
10, 191 

14, 543 


4,588 
6,491 
3,464 


6 
persons. 


54,052 
23,247 


2,176 
3,109 
2,040 
8,709 
1,551 
5,663 

17,211 


7,466 
9,745 

13, 594 


4,204 
6,083 
3,307 


7 
persons. 


14,695 


6,330 
8,365 


11,533 


3,640 
5,102 
2,731 


persons. 


36,932 
15,979 


1,886 

1,531 

2,855 

2,301 

1,781 

1,400 

7,490 

5,971 

1,221 

1,028 

4,711 

3,748 

11,654 


4,918 
6,736 

9,299 


2,827 
4,326 
2,146 


9 
persons. 


26,687 
11,600 


1,129 
1,732 

895 
4,380 

810 
2,654 

8,412 


3,555 
4,857 


1,952 
3,134 
1,589 


10 
persons. 


17,356 
7,542 


784 
1,131 

638 
2,791 

510 
1,688 

5,440 


2,233 
3,207 


4,374 


1,326 
2,038 
1,010 


persons 
and  over. 


iData  not  available  for  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Virginia,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  or  Southwest  Territory. 
•  Data  not  available  for  Allegany,  Calvert,  or  Soraersett  county. 
sData  not  available  for  Caswell,  Granville,  or  Orange  county. 


20,203 
8,482 


878 
1.278 

654 
3,078 

698 
1,896 

6,499 


2,642 
3,857 


1,865 
2,229 
1,128 


Table  28.-PRIVATE  FAMILIES  IN  1790,  AND  ALL  FAMILIES  IN  1900,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  SIZE,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES.' 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY,  AND  CENSUS  YEAR. 


Continental  United  States: 

1790 

1900 


Area  covered  by  1790  schedules  in  existence: 

1790 

1900 


New  England- 

1790 

1900 


Maine— 

1790 

1900 

New  Hampshire — 

1790 

1900 

Vermont— 

1790 

1900 

Massachusetts— 

1790 

1900 

Rhode  Island— 

1790 

1900 

Connecticut— 

1790 

1900 

Middle  states— 

1790 

1900 


New  York— 

1790 

1900 

Pennsylvania- 

1790 

1900 

Southern  states— 

1790 

1900 


Added  area: 
1900 


Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia- 

1790 

1900 '..] 

North  Carolina- 

1790 

1900 

South  Carolina— 

1790 

1900 


PER   CENT  OF  FAMILIES  CONTAINING — 


1 

person. 


3.7 
5.1 


3.7 

4.4 


3.0 
4.9 


6.5 
5.3 


3.4 
6.6 


3.4 
5.2 


2.1 
4.5 


2.0 
4.4 


2.6 
4.8 


2.0 
4.6 


3.4 
3.3 


6.1 
4.9 


5.1 
4.1 


7.2 
4.6 


5.2 
6.2 


5.4 


2 
persons. 


7.8 
15.0 


7.8 
15.9 


7.8 
17.6 


6.6 
19.0 


6.2 
20.4 


7.1 
18.5 


8.7 
16.8 


7.7 
17.7 


8.0 
17.3 


7.5 
16.0 


7.1 
17.5 


7.9 
14.1 


8.1 
13.1 


8.1 
13.7 


7.7 
12.1 


8.7 
13.8 


14.6 


3 
persons. 


11.7 
17.6 


11.7 
18.4 


11.7 
19.6 


11.6 
21.0 


11.1 
20.5 


11.6 
21.0 


12.1 
19.0 


12.3 
18.8 


11.4 
19.2 


11.8 
18,8 


12.0 
19.5 


11.6 
18.0 


11.6 
15.6 


11.7 
16.7 


11.3 
14.9 


12.2 
15.2 


4 
persons. 


13.8 
16.9 


13.8 
17.4 


13.7 
17.7 


12.9 
18.2 


13.6 
17.3 


14.3 
18.3 


13.7 
!7.7 


13.5 
17.4 


14.0 
17.7 


13.9 
17.9 


14.5 
18.0 


13.5 
17.7 


13.8 
15.4 


13.9 
16.6 


13.3 
15.1 


14.  S 

14.7 


5 
persons. 


13.9 
14.2 


13.9 
14,3 


13.9 
13.9 


13.1 
13.4 


14.1 
12.7 


14.3 
13.9 


14.0 
14.2 


13.0 
13.8 


14.2 
14.0 


14.3 
14.7 


14.9 
14.3 


13.8 
15.1 


13.5 
13.8 


13.8 
14.7 


13.3 
13.7 


13.4 
12.9 


6 
persons. 


13.2 
10.9 


13.2 
10.7 


13.4 
9.9 


12.8 
9.1 


12.9 
8.5 


13.6 
9.5 


13.2 
10.3 


13.7 
10.0 


13.9 
10.3 


13.4 
10.8 


13.6 
10.3 


13.2 
11.5 


12.6 
11.5 


12.6 
11.7 


12.5 
11.7 


12.8 
10.9 


7  8 

persons,     persons. 


11.2 

7.7 


11.2 
7.4 


11.5 
6.5 


11.1 
5.7 


11.9 
5.4 


11.9 

5,8 


11,4 
6.8 


10.8 
6.9 


11.5 
6.8 


11.4 
7,3 


11.5 
6.7 


11.3 
8.0 


10.7 
8.9 


10.9 
8.5 


10.6 
9.4 


10,6 

8.7 


9.0 
5.2 


9,0 
4.8 


9.2 
4.1 


9.0 
3.5 


9.6 
3.4 


9.3 
3.5 


9,1 
4.3 


9.1 

4.5 


9.1 
4.5 


9.0 
4.1 


9.1 

5.2 


8,6 
6.6 


8,5 
5.8 


8,3 
6.7 


6.5 
3.2 


6,5 
2.9 


6.7 
2.4 


2.1 


7.2 
2.1 


6,0 
1.9 


6.7 
2.6 


7.2 


6.5 
2,5 


6,6 
2.7 


6.5 

2.3 


6.6 
3.2 


6.2 
4.4 


5.9 
3.6 


6.4 
6.0 


6.1 
4.6 


3.4 


10 
persons. 


4.2 
1.9 


4.2 
1.7 


4.3 

1.4 


4.6 
1.2 


4.7 
1.3 


4.3 
1.0 


4.2 
1.5 


4.5 
1.6 


4.1 
1.3 


4.2 
1.5 


4.1 
1.2 


4.3 
1.8 


4.1 
2.7 


4,0 
2.1 


4.2 
3.1 


3.9 
3.0 


11 
persons 


4,9 

2.2 


4.9 
2.1 


4.9 
2.0 


5.2 
1.6 


6.3 
2.0 


4.4 
1.3 


4.7 
2.2 


6.2 
2.2 


4.6 
1,8 


5.0 
1.8 


4.8 
1.5 


6,2 
2.1 


4.8 
3.1 


6.6 

2.5 


4.6 
3.3 


4.4 
3.4 


1  Data  for  1790  not  avaUable  for  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Virginia,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  or  Southwest  Territory. 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  F.\MILY. 


99 


In  each  class  of  families  having  less  than  6  members, 
the  proportion  of  the  total  number  of  families  was  less 
in  1790  than  in  1900  both  for  tiie  United  States  as  a 
whole  and  for  the  area  for  which  the  1790  schedules 
are  in  existence.  For  families  having  6  members  and 
over,  the  reverse  was  true.  It  is  significant  that  in 
1900  the  proportion  of  families  having  2,  3,  4,  and  5 
members  was  smaller,  while  the  proportion  in  each 
class  having  more  than  5  members  was  larger,  in  the 
added  area  than  in  the  area  for  wiiich  the  1790  sched- 
ules are  in  existence.  This  tioubtless  reflects  the  in- 
fluence of  dense  population,  and  especially  of  urban 
population,  upon  the  size  of  family.  For  the  area 
enumerated  in  1790  the  proportion  of  families  having 
only  2  members  was  twice  as  large  in  1900  as  in  1790, 
while  the  proportion  of  those  having  9  persons  or 
more  was  only  half  as  large  in  1900.  These  facts  em- 
phasize the  decided  reduction  in  the  size  of  families 
which  occurred  during  the  course  of  the  century. 

In  1900,  as  compared  with  1790,  New  England 
showed  a  greater  decrease  in  the  size  of  family  than 
the  other  sections  of  the  original  area;'  the  proportion 
of  families  having  8  members  was  less  than  one-half 
as  great  in  1900  as  in  1790,  and  the  i)roportion  having 
10  members  less  than  one-third  as  great  in  the  later 
year.  In  the  state  of  Vermont  the  proportion  of  fam- 
ilies having  10  members  droj)ped  to  one-fourth. 

In  the  Southern  states  the  decline  in  the  size  of  the 
family  was  less  marked. 

Upon  arranging  the  total  number  of  families  in  four 
general  groups  according  to  size,  it  is  found  that  in 
1790  approximately  one-third  of  all  families  had  less 
than  5  members,  while  in  1900  this  group  included 
considerably  more  than  one-half  of  all  families.  Con- 
trast between  the  classification  of  families  by  size  in 
1790  and  in  1900  is  equally  marked  in  the  remaining 
groups,  the  larger  families  showing  a  much  greater 
proportion  in  1790  than  in  the  later  year. 

'  Of  economic  and  social  conditions  in  Now  England  at  the  close 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  W.  B.  Weeden  writes  as  follows:  "A  con- 
trolling feature  of  our  society  was  in  the  rapid  and  easy  growth  of 
the  family  out  of  the  conditions  prevailing  in  all  the  towns.  The 
common  people  created  self-sustaining  families  as  readily  as  the 
banyan  tree  spreads  a  grove  around  the  parent  trunk.  New  land 
was  easily  obtained.  A  thrifty  farmer  could  buy  acres  enough  on 
which  to  settle  his  sons  from  the  savings  of  a  few  years.  The  a.\ 
could  create  the  log  house  anywhere,  and  in  most  places  sawmills 
gave  a  cheap  supply  of  planks  and  deals.  The  splitting  of  shingles 
was  an  accomplishment  almost  as  common  as  whittling.  The  prac- 
tice of  making  this  cheap  and  excellent  roofing  material  was  carried 
into  the  Middle  states  by  the  New  England  emigrants.  The  home- 
stead was  often  given  to  the  younger  son,  who  provided  for  the  par- 
ents in  their  old  age,  the  elder  brothers  ha^^ng  acquired  settlements 
of  their  own.  Thus  the  teeming  social  soil  waa  ready  for  the  family 
roots,  which  were  constantly  extending.  Unmarried  men  of  thirty 
were  rare  in  country  towns.  Matrons  were  grandmothers  at  forty; 
mother  and  daughter  frequently  nursed  their  children  at  the  same 
time.  Father,  son,  and  grandson  often  worked  together  in  one  field; 
and  the  field  was  their  own." — Economic  and  Social  History  of  New 
England,  1620-1789,  Vol.  II,  page  860. 


Table  29 — PrivaU/amilies  in  1790  and  all/amilUt  in  1900,  eUusified 
according  to  iize,  with  per  cent  dittribution. 


SIZE  or  rAUWY. 


All  families.. 

Less  than  R  persons 

6  to  8  persons 

9  or  10  iM*rsons 

1 1  persons  and  over 

All  families. . 

Less  than  5  persons. 

5  to  8  persons 

9  or  10  persons 

11  persons  and  over. 


Private 
families 
In  1700. 


ALL  rAlOLUB  IN  1900. 


In  continental 
United  SuiU«. 


In  area  for 

whleh  1790 

schedules  are 

io  existence. 


HI0,636 

IS2.063 
194,  .127 
44.043 
20,2U3 


16,187,715  I 

8, 832.  .164 

0, 171,«89 

S.)0.lilO 

363, U4U 


5,106,092 

2,865,b77 

1,902,3«« 

235,217 

104,832 


PER  CENT  DISTRIBtmON. 


100.0 

37.0 

47.3 

10.7 

4.9 


100.0 

64.0 

38.1 

5.1 

2.2 


100.0 

56.1 

37.2 

4.6 

2.1 


>  Incomplete  owing  to  loss  of  schedules. 

The  progress  of  the  nation  from  1790  to  1900  has 
involved  far-reaching  social  changes,  during  which  the 
inhabitants  have  gathered  from  farm  and  frontier  into 
densely  settled  industrial  centers.  Tlie  effect  of  this 
change  on  the  size  of  family  and  on  family  environ- 
ment has  been  very  marked;  it  is  probable  that  no 
statistical  change  recorded  in  tlieso  jjages  as  having 
occurred  duiing  the  century  is  more  decided  or  pos- 
sesses greater  economic  significance. 

SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NONSLAVEHOLDINO  FAMILIES. 

A  subdivision  of  the  white  and  free  colored  families 
reported  at  the  First  Census  into  two  general  cla.sses, 
slaveholding  and  nonslaveholding,  is  presented  in 
Table  30. 

The  average  size  of  white  slaveholding  families  was 
slightly  greater  than  the  average  for  white  nonslave- 
holding families.  Of  the  total  number  of  families 
under  consitleration,  little  more  than  10  per  cent  were 
classed  as  slaveholding.  Approximately  one-fourth  of 
the  slaveholding  families  reported  were  located  in  New 
England  and  the  Middle  states.  Those  in  New  Eng- 
land were  reported  principally  by  Rhode  Island  and 
Connecticut;  and  of  the  2  Middle  states  represented. 
New  York  contributed  much  the  larger  number  of 
slaveholders. 

Table  114.  page  276,  presents  the  information  sum- 
marized in  Table  30,  extended  to  counties  and  minor 
civil  divisions  so  far  as  they  were  returned  separately. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


100 

Table  30  -NUMBER  OF  PRIVATE  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDINCx  AND  NONSLAVEHOLDING  WTIITE 
aTd  FREE  COLORED,  WITH  PER  CENT  FAMILIES  OF  EACH  CLASS  FORM  OF  ALL  PRIVATE  FAMILIES,  BY 
STATES  AND  TERRITORIES:'  1790. 


PRIVATE   FAMILIES. 

PER  CENT  FAMILIES  OF  EACH 
CLASS    FORM    OF   ALL   PRI- 
VATE FAMILIES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

White. 

Free  colored. 

White. 

Free  colored. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored. 

White. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Free 

Total. 

Aver- 
age 
per 
fam- 
Uy. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age 
per 

fam- 

iiy. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age 
per 
fam- 
ily- 

Total. 

Aver- 
age 
per 

mm- 
ily. 

ored. 

Area  covered  by  1790 
schedules  In  exist- 
ence  

410,636 

47, 664 

280,345 

5.9 

195 

652 

3.3 

357,811 

2,032,768 

6.7 

4,966 

19,533 

3.9 

11.6 

m 

87.1 

1.2 

New  England 

174,017 

2,141 

13,522 

6.3 

6 

23 

3.8 

170,242 

978,684 

5.7 

1,628 

6,650 

4.1 

1.2 

(=) 

97.8 

0.9 

17,009 
24,065 
14,992 
65, 779 
11,296 
40,876 

128,752 

16,972 
23, 859 
14,969 
65, 149 
10,393 
38,900 

117,869 

95,953 
140,428 

85,154 
373, 187 

61,590 
222,372 

674,120 

6.7 
5.9 
5.7 
5.7 
6.9 
5.7 

5.7 

37 
83 
23 
630 
4-12 
413 

1,229 

136 

312 

86 

2,592 

1,950 

1,576 

4,487 

3.7 
3.8 
3.7 
4.1 

4.4 
3.8 

3.7 

99.8 
99.1 
99.8 
99.0 
92.0 
95.2 

91.6 

0.2 

New  Hampshire 

123 

760 

6.2 

0.5 

0.3 

0.2 

1.0 

Rhode  Island 

461 
1,557 

9,638 

2,993 
9,769 

60,437 

6.5 
6.3 

6.3 

4.1 
3.8 

7.5 

3.9 

Connecticut      

6 
16 

23 
63 

3.8 
3.9 

1.0 

Middle  states 

1.0 

New  York               .  . 

54,878 
73,874 

107,867 

7,787 
1,851 

35,885 

47, 495 
12,942 

206,386 

6.1 
7.0 

5.8 

9 

7 

173 

40 
23 

566 

4.4 
3.3 

3.3 

46,398 
71,471 

69,700 

265,430 
408,690 

379,964 

5.7 
5.7 

6.6 

684 
545 

2,109 

2,444 
2,043 

8,396 

3.6 
3.7 

4.0 

14.2 
2.6 

33.3 

h 

0.2 

84.5 
96.7 

64.6 

1.2 

0.7 

Southern  states  

2.0 

33,294 
48,701 
25,872 

12,142 
14,945 
8,798 

71,168 
87, 121 
48,097 

5.9 
6.8 
55 

84 
28 
61 

211 
119 
236 

2.6 
4.3 
3.9 

19,870 
33,076 
16,754 

109,677 
178,077 
92,310 

6.6 
5.4 
5.5 

1,198 
652 
259 

4,572 

2,902 

922 

3.8 
4.5 
3.6 

36.5 
30.7 
34.0 

0.3 
0.1 
0.2 

59.7 
67.9 
64.8 

3.6 

1.3 

1.0 

'  Data  not  available  for  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Virginia,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  or  Southwest  Territory. 

2  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

3  Data  not  available  for  Allegany,  Calvert,  or  Somersett  county. 

i  Data  not  available  for  Caswell,  Granville,  or  Orange  county,  except  the  total  number  of  families. 


NUMBER    OF    CHILDREN    PER    WHITE    FAMILY. 

In  the  preceding  chapter  the  number  of  white 
females  under  16  years  of  age  was  determined  with 
reasonable  accuracy.  Hence  it  is  possible  to  consider 
the  total  number  of  children  (under  16  years)  per 
white  family  in  1790  in  the  area  for  which  schedules 
are  still  in  existence,  as  compared  with  the  number 
shown  by  the  census  returns  in  1900. 

The  number  of  private  white  families  included  in  the 
schedules  of  the  First  Census  which  are  still  in  exist- 
ence is  slightly  more  than  400,000.  In  the  course  of  a 
century  the  number  of  private  white  families  in  the 
same  area  increased  more  than  tenfold,  but  the  number 
of  white  children  under  16  j-ears  of  age  in  the  same 
area  increased  during  the  same  period  little  more  than 
sixfold.  From  the  returns  for  the  first  and  last  cen- 
suses of  record,  it  is  possible  to  show  that  in  the  area 
included  the  average  number  of  children  under  1 6  years 
of  age  per  family  was  nearly  twice  as  great  in  1790  as 
in  1900.  Moreover,  it  will  be  observed  from  the  table 
that  the  number  varied  but  little  (from  2.6  to  2.9)  in 
1790,  while  in  1900,  although  the  averages  returned 
were  in  general  reduced  about  one-half,  the  range  was 
much  wider.  Both  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  close 
of  the  century  the  lowest  average  was  shown  for  New 
England.  In  1900  the  highest  average  was  shown  for 
the  Southern  states. 


Table  31. — Average  number  of  white  children  under  16  years  per 
private  white  family,  by  states:  1790  and  1900.' 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

PRIVATE   WHITE 
FAMIUE3. 

WHITE  CHILDREN 

UNDER  16   YEARS 

OF  AGE. 

AVERAGE 
NUMBER  OF 
WHITE  CHIL- 
DREN 
UNDER  16 
YEARS   OF 
AGE  PER 
FAMILY. 

1790 

1900 

1790 

1900 

1790 

1900 

Area  for  which 
schedules  are  in 
existence . 

412.850 

4,661.504 

1,149,001 

7,095,506 

2.8 

1  5 

Mpw  F.nglanH 

172,383 

1,221,856 

466, 290 

1,610,496 

2.7 

1  3 

Maine 

16.972 
23,982 
14,969 
65.149 
10.854 
40,457 

127,507 

161,041 
96,354 
80,388 

596,611 
90,468 

197,004 

2,855,574 

48,753 
68,664 
43,632 

169,869 
29.987 

105,485 

365.764 

200,792 
112,987 
100,857 
786,349 
144, 163 
265,347 

4,330.159 

2.9 
2.9 
2.9 
2.6 
2.8 
2.6 

2.9 

1  2 

New  Hampshire 

1.2 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

1.3 

Connecticut 

1  3 

Middle  states 

1  5 

54,185 
73,322 

112,960 

1,584,311 
1,271.263 

584,074 

155,090 
210,674 

316.947 

2,212.213 
2,117,946 

1,154,852 

2.9 
2.9 

2.8 

Pennsylvania 

1.7 

Maryland   and    Dis- 
trict of  Columbia". . 

North  Carolina3 

South  Carolina 

36.052 
52,356 
25,652 

232, 270 
244. 524 
107,280 

93.843 
149,942 
73, 162 

381.253 
640, 643 
233,056 

2.7 
2.9 
2.9 

1.6 
2.2 
2.2 

•  Data  not  available  for  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Virginia,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  or 
Southwest  Territory. 

-  Includes  an  estimate  for  Alle.gany,  Calvert,  and  Somersett  counties. 
» Includes  an  estimate  for  Caswell,  Granville,  and  Orange  counties. 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  FAMILY 


101 


In  the  foregoing  table  the  number  of  white  children 
per  private  family  has  been  considered  only  for  the 
states  for  which  schedules  are  in  existence.  For  the 
entire  United  States  in  1900  the  average  was  1.7,  and 
for  the  area  added  after  the  First  Census  the  average 
was  1.8.  The  highest  proportions  (2.3)  were  shown 
for  Texas  and  Mississippi. 

Had  the  ratio  of  children  to  private  white  families 
been  the  same  in  1790  as  it  was  in  1900,  the  number  of 
children  in  1790  would  have  been  less  than  half  the 
number  actually  reported  at  the  First  Census.  It 
would  be  idle  to  speculate  upon  the  effect  which  so  low 
a  proportion  in  1790  and  at  subsequent  early  censuses 
would  have  wrought  upon  the  nation;  but  without 
question  had  the  proportion  which  now  actually  exists 
appeared  at  the  beginning  of  the  century,  the  Iiistory 
of  the  Republic  would  have  been  materially  altered. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  application  of  the  generous 
proportion  of  children  sho\\Ti  for  1790  to  the  number 
of  private  white  families  reporteil  in  1900  (which  aver- 
aged less  than  2  children  each)  results  in  a  theoretical 
increase  in  the  number  of  young  cliildrcn  so  great  as 
to  be  astonishing.  In  short,  had  the  households  into 
which  the  white  inhabitants  of  the  United  States  were 
divided  in  1900  been  as  prolific  as  were  the  households 
of  the  white  citizens  of  the  Republic  at  the  beginning 
of  Constitutional  Government,  the  population  of  the 
United  States  in  1900  would  have  been  greater  by 
15,500,000  children,  regardless  of  the  cumulative  effect 
of  the  maintenance  of  the  higher  ratio  at  previous 
censuses. 

FAMILIES    AND    DWELLINGS. 

The  printed  schedules  used  by  the  enumerators  for 
Massachusetts  at  the  First  Census  included  an  inquiry 
regarding  the  number  of  dwellings  within  their  respec- 
tive districts,  probably  instituted  as  a  result  of  a  similar 
inquiry  at  the  Colonial  census  of  Massachusetts  in 
1764-65.  The  returns  secured  afford  a  basis  for  an  in- 
teresting study  concerning  the  average  number  of  fami- 
lies and  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  in  urban  and  in  rural 
communities. 

By  Census  definition  in  1900,  a  dwelling  is  a  place  in 
which,  at  the  time  of  the  census,  one  or  more  persons 
regularly  sleep;  hence  uninhabited  houses  were  not 
counted  as  dwellings  at  the  Twelfth  Census.  The  same 
was  true  of  the  First  Census,  since  no  vacant  houses 
were  returned  on  the  schedules. 

Inasmuch  as  tenement  and  apartment  houses  were 
returned  as  dwellings  in  1900,  it  would  be  natural 
(especially  in  a  commonwealth  conspicuous  for  its  in- 
dustrial interests  and  dense  population)  to  expect  that 
in  1900  the  number  of  families  per  dwelling  would  be 
larger  than  in  1790,  when  there  were  few  tenement 
houses  and  no  apartment  houses.  The  figures,  how- 
ever, clearly  show  that  the  average  has  not  materially 
increased. 

76292—09 8 


The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  dwellings 
and  private  families,  the  total  population,  and  the  av- 
erage number  of  families  ami  of  persons  per  dwelling, 
for  each  coimty  of  Massachusetts  enumerated  in  1790, 
and  for  the  same  areas  in  1900: 

Table  32. — Dwellings  and  private  families  in  the  counties  of  Matta- 
chuselta  reported  in  1190,  and  in  the  same  areas  '  in  1900. 


The  state 

Barnstable 

Berkshire 

Bristol 

Dukes  iuid  Nantucket 

Essex 

Hampshire 

Mitidlesox 

Plymouth 

Suflolk 

Worcester 

The  state 

Barnstable 

Berkshire 

Bristol 

Dukes  and  Nantucket 

Essex 

Hampshire 

Middlesex 

Plymouth 

.SuUolk 

Worcester 


Dwell- 
ings. 


PRIVATE  rAMiuca. 


poptjijinoM. 


Total. 


Average 

per 
dwelling. 


Total. 


dwell, IK 


1790 


M,377 

68,779 

1.2 

378.556 

2.343 

2,889 

1.2 

17,342 

4,476 

4,899 

1.1 

30.263 

4,514 

5,541 

1.2 

31,696 

1,013 

1.430 

1.4 

7.810 

-,M4 

10,883 

1.4 

57,879 

9,181 

9.617 

1.0 

59,656 

5,»9S 

7,580 

1.3 

42.769 

4,240 

5.173 

1.2 

29,512 

e,3S6 

8,038 

1.3 

44.865 

8,613 

9,729 

1.1 

56.764 

7.0 
7.7 
7.6 
6.5 
7.1 
7.0 
7.1 
6.6 


1900 


451,362 


7,678 
18,257 
34,451 

2.209 
61,004 
46,393 
108,206 
22,358 
97,4.19 
53,367 


'    604.873 

1.3 

2.805.346 

7.911 

1.0 

i        27,828 

20.530 

1.1 

95.774 

53.856 

1.6 

251.229 

2.332 

1.1 

!          7,567 

79,664 

1.3 

356.669 

58.640 

1.3 

1      275,028 

133,991 

1.2 

628,097 

28,330 

1.2 

108,114 

147, 443 

1.5 

708,324 

74,176 

1.4 

1      346,818 

3.6 
5.2 
7.3 
3.4 
5.8 
5.9 
5.8 
4.8 
7.3 
6.5 


■Except  that  no  adjustment  has  been  made  for  changes  since  1790  In  the  bound- 
ary line  between  Massachusetts  and  Uhode  Island. 

The  average  number  of  persons  per  dwelling  in  the 
state  decreased  from  7  in  1790  to  6.2  in  1900.  In  only 
2  counties,  Bristol  and  Suffolk,  did  the  average  in- 
crease; this  increase  was  undoubtedly  due  to  the  in- 
fluence of  tenement  and  apartment  house  population, 
though  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  these  coun- 
ties in  1900  were  large  numbers  of  foreign  bom,  whose 
families  were  much  larger  than  the  average  native 
family.  The  reduction  in  the  average  number  of  per- 
sons to  a  dwelling  in  the  remaining  counties  is  un- 
doubtedly the  result  of  the  decreased  size  of  family.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  in  this  state,  as  in  the  other 
New  England  states,  low  average  size  of  family  was 
shown,  and  the  influence  of  the  great  change  recorded 
appears  to  have  been  such  ixs  to  overcome  the  opposite 
tendency  of  occupancy  of  a  dwelling  or  building  by  a 
considerable  number  of  families. 

The  counties  having  the  largest  average  number  of 
persons  to  a  dwelling  in  1 790  (Dukes  and  Nantucket  and 
Essex)  had  very  small  averages  in  1900.  The  explana- 
tion of  the  large  averages  for  1790  lies  partly  in  the 
fact  that  these  same  counties  showed  the  largest 
average  numbers  of  families  per  dwelling.  The  very 
small  averages  shown  for  1900  for  these  counties,  and 


LIHKAKY 


TJN^ 


TFOBNIA 

KA 


102 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATIOX  GROWTH. 


also  for  Barnstable  count3-,  undoubtedly  reflect  the 
fact  that  the  population  of  these  counties  is  excep- 
tional in  several  particulars.  It  is  principally  native 
white  of  native  parents— in  which  element  the  average 
size  of  family  is  very  small— and,  as  shown  by  the  state 
census  of  1905,  is  still  decreasing. 

Inspection  of  the  average  number  of  persons  per 
dwelling  in  the  Massachusetts  counties  in  1790,  as  com- 
pared with  similar  figures  for  1900,  shows  that  the 
range  of  variation  was  more  than  three  times  as  great 
at  the  Twelfth  Census  as  it  was  at  the  First.  The 
relative  imiformity  shown  in  1790,  and  the  fact  that 
nearly  all  the  population  of  the  country  was  engaged  in 
agriculture,  go  far  to  justify  the  presumption  that,  at 
the  time  of  the  First  Census,  the  conditions  of  popula- 
tion in  one  state  closely  resembled  those  in  the  other 
states  of  the  limited  area  covered  by  the  census.  On 
this  basis  the  approximate  number  of  dwellings  in  the 
United  States  may  reasonably  be  computed  by  em- 
ploying as  a  ratio  the  number  of  families  per  dwelling 
in  Massachusetts. 

The  number  of  dwellings  occupied  in  1900  by  fam- 
ilies, other  than  private,  can  not  be  deducted  from  the 
total  number;  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  such  a  de- 
duction, if  it  could  be  made,  would  affect  appreciably 
the  average  number  of  private  families  per  dwelling. 
It  was  found  by  computation  that  the  ratio  of  all  fam- 
ilies to  all  dwellings  in  Massachusetts  differed  from  the 
ratio  of  private  families  to  all  dwellings  by  only  one 
one-hundredth  of  a  family  per  dwelling. 

Since  in  Massachusetts  the  proportion  of  colored 
families  was  so  small  that  their  effect  on  the  ratio  of  all 
families  to  all  dwellings  may  be  disregarded,  it  was 
deemed  more  accurate  to  apply  the  ratio  for  this  state 
to  the  white  population  of  the  other  states  (in  many 
of  which  the  colored  population  was  relatively  very 
numerous),  rather  than  to  their  total  population,  and 
thus  to  obtain  the  number  of  dwellings  of  white  persons 
only. 

The  increase  during  the  century  in  the  number  of 
dwellings  in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  was  nearly 
twelvefold.  This  table  further  illustrates  the  tend- 
ency toward  large  families  in  1790,  offsetting,  in  the 
averages,  the  small  families  and  large  buildings  (such 
as  the  apartment  and  tenement  houses)  in  1900.  As 
previously  suggested,  the  effect  of  the  former  over- 


comes the  latter,  with  the  rather  unexpected  result 
that  the  average  of  7  white  persons  per  dwelling  in 
1790  declined  to  5.7  in  1900,  and  in  4  out  of  the  17 
states  presented  the  average  was  less  than  5.  Had 
the  average  number  of  white  persons  to  a  dwelling 
which  appeared  in  1900  prevailed  in  1790,  there  would 
have  been  approximately  100,000  more  dwellings  of 
white  persons  in  the  Republic.  On  the  other  hand, 
had  the  average  which  prevailed  in  1790  prevailed 
also  in  1900,  the  number  of  dwellings  would  be  re- 
duced approximately  1,000,000 — the  equivalent  of 
all  the  dwellings  in  New  York,  the  most  populous 
state  in  the  Union.  These  comparisons,  however, 
possess  value  only  as  measuring  vividly  the  change 
which  has  occurred  in  the  proportions. 

Table  33. — Estimated  average  number  of  white  persons  per  dwelling, 
for  each  state  and  territory  enumerated  in  1790,  and  for  the  same 
areas '  in  1900. 


i:90 

1900 

STATE  or.  TEEKITORY. 

White 
lation. 

Number 
of  dwell- 
ings of 
white 
per- 
sons." 

Aver- 
age 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons 
to  a 
dweU- 
ing. 

White 
popu- 
lation. 

Number 
of  dwell- 
ings of 
white 
persons." 

.Vver 
age 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons 
to  a 
dwell- 
ing. 

Area   enumerated 
in  1790 

3.172.444 

454,309 

7.0 

29,564.821 

5,209,847 

5.7 

992,384 

140,742 

7.1 

5,527,026 

978,140 

6.7 

96,107 
141.112 

85. 072 
373.187 

64.670 
232,230 

954.003 

14,218 
19.986 
12.467 
53.312 
9.045 
31,714 

136.477 

6.8 
7.1 
6.8 
7.0 
7.1 
7.3 

7.0 

692.226 
410.791 
342.771 
2.769.764 
419.060 
892,424 

15,264,839 

148,028 
86, 407 
74,831 

445, 637 
66,312 

156,865 

2,564,696 

4.7 

New  Hampshire 

4.8 
4.6 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

6.2 
6.3 
5  7 

Middle  states 

6  0 

New  York 

314.366 

169.954 

423,373 

46,310 

1,226.057 

45.158 

24.279 

61.103 

5,937 

177,090 

7.0 
7.0 
6.9 
7.8 

6.9 

7.156.881 

1.812,317 

6,141.664 

153,977 

8,772,956 

1.019.228 

308,872 

1,204.764 

31,832 

1,667,011 

7.0 

New  Jersey     

5  9 

Pennsylvania 

5.1 

4  g 

5  3 

Maryland  and   Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.. 

Virginia   and    West 
Virginia 

208,649 

442,117 
289,181 
140.178 
62.886 
61.133 
31.913 

26, 677 

61,405 
40,018 
21,293 
12. 507 
10.233 
4,957 

7.8 

7.2 
7.2 
6.6 
4.2 
6.0 
6.4 

1,143,956 

2.108.088 
1,263,603 
557.807 
297.007 
1.862.309 
1,640,186 

2U,429 

395. 696 
240.630 
107,915 
58,580 
359,052 
293,909 

5.4 

5  3 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia  * 

6.3 
5.2 
6  1 

Kentucky  . 

5  2 

Tennp.'i'^pe 

5  2 

^  Except  that  no  adjustment  has  been  made  for  changes  since  1790  in  the  bound- 
ary line  between  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island. 

-  Estimatfd  on  the  basis  of  the  ratio  of  white  and  free  colored  families  to  all 
dwelHiiKs  in  Massachusetts. 

3  Estimated. 

*  Part  enumerated  in  1790. 


IX.  PROPORTION   OF    CHILDREN    IN    WHITE   POPULATION. 

R.ATIO  OF  WHITE  .ADULTS  OF  SELF-SUPPORTING  .AGE  TO  WHITE 
CHILDREN— OF  WHITE  CHILDREN  TO  .ADLLT  WHITE  FEXLALES— 
EFFECT    OF    CH.\NGES    IN     THE     PROPORTION     OF     CHILDREN. 


It  is  probable  that  no  change  in  the  composition  of 
the  white  popuhition  of  the  United  States  possesses 
greater  interest,  or  is  more  important  to  the  future 
welfare  of  the  nation,  than  the  proportion  of  the  total 
constituted  by  children.  It  is  clear  that  upon  the 
changes  in  this  respect,  occurring  from  census  to  cen- 
sus, in  the  Republic  and  in  inilividual  states  and  com- 
munities, depends  practically  all  economic  readjust- 
ment. "Wliat  proportion  of  the  white  population  was 
formed  by  children  under  16  years  of  age  at  the  First 
Census,  and  at  the  Twelfth  *  And,  if  a  marked  change 
has  occurred  during  the  period  under  consideration, 
what  are  some  of  the  possible  causes? 

In  the  following  table  comparison  is  made  of  the 
proportion  of  children  per  1,000  of  the  total  white 
population  at  intervals  from  1790  to  1900.  It  is 
necessary  to  accept  the  age  period  under  16  years  as 
a  limitation  of  "children,"  because  of  the  use  of  that 
age  period  at  the  earlier  censuses. 

Table  34. — Number  of  children  per  1,000  of  the  ivhite  population, 
by  states  and  territories:  1790,  1S20,  1S50,  ISSO,  and  1900. 


STATE  OR  TERRITOEY. 


NTJMBER  OF  WHITE  PERSONS  UXDEi  16 
TEARS  OF  AGE  PER  1,000  OF  ALL  AGES. 


1790 

1S20 

18S0 

1880 

1900 

United  States 

490 

489 

431 

390 

356 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

490 

483 

414 

373 

344 

Xew  England 

470 

443 

358 

309 

291 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

507 
486 
513 
455 
464 
454 

4»4 

485 
447 
463 
420 
429 
422 

485 

404 
342 
378 
338 
349 
340 

405 

318 
281 
324 
305 
315 
315 

358 

290 
275 
2»t 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

290 
305 

Connecticut 

297 

Middle  states 

326 

New  York 

493 
487 
498 
494 

502 

484 
472 
489 
479 

508 

385 
410 
429 
431 

461 

336 
361 
385 
367 

431 

309 

327 

Ppnnsylvanlft 

345 

327 

402 

Maryland     and     District     of 
Columbia 

450 
497 
519 
522 
531 
Wo 
«550 

457 
487 
507 
503 
519 
533 
551 

526 

414 
451 
455 
456 
493 
474 
488 

463 

377 
434 
429 
433 
442 
439 
449 

40« 

333 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carolina.   . 

400 
428 

South  Carolina 

418 

Georgiai 

421 

4M 

Tep^ipps*,*!  a 

411 

Added  area 

368 

■Entire  state. 

•Southwest  Territory  In  1790. 

•  Basic  figures  obtained  from  ratios  existing  in  Tennessee  in  180O. 

The  change  which  occurred  in  the  original  area  dur- 
ing the  first  thirty-year  period — from  1790  to  1S20 — 


was  so  slight  as  to  possess  little  significance.  During 
this  period  there  was,  indeed,  a  slight  increase  in  the 
proportion  shown  in  the  Southern  states.  The  decline 
in  the  succeeding  periods  was— 1820  to  1850,  69;  1850 
to  1880,  41;  1880  to  1900  (twenty  years),  29;  hence, 
the  decline  in  the  proportion  of  white  children  un- 
der 16  in  each  1,000  white  persons  of  all  ages  was  7 
during  the  first  thirty  j-ears  of  Feileral  census  taking 
and  139  in  the  succectling  eighty  years. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  Southern  states,  although 
little  affected  since  the  First  Census  by  additions  to 
puiHilalion  through  immigration,  have,  by  maintaining 
a  liigher  birth  rate  than  the  Xew  England  and  Middle 
states,  increased  their  numbers  from  distinctively  na- 
tive population  at  a  rate  appro.\iinating,  or  possibly 
exceeding,  the  rate  attained  by  other  portions  of  the 
country  with  the  assistance  of  immigrants  and  their 
descendants. 

RATIO  OF  WHITE  ADIH^TS  OF  SELF-SUPPORTING  AGE  TO 
WHITE    CHILDREN. 

The  changes  between  the  First  and  Twelfth  censuses 
in  the  average  number  of  white  adults  available  for  the 
sui)port  of  each  white  child  arc  shown  in  the  following 
table.  Since  children  do  not,  as  a  rule,  pass  suddenly 
into  the  adult  class  with  respect  to  abilitv  to  support 
young  pei-sons,  for  the  purposes  of  this  study  twenty 
years  is  set  as  the  minimum  age  at  which  persons  are 
capable  of  supporting  children. 

Table  3.5. — Ratio  of  white  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  white 
children:  1790  to  1900. 


CENSUS  YEAR. 

White  per- 
sons 20  years 
and  over. 

White  chU- 

dren  under  16 

years. 

Ratio  of 
persons  20 
years  and 
over  lo  all 
children 
under  16 
yem. 

1790 

1,214,388 

1,832.375 

2,485.176 

3,395,467 

4,626,2y0 

6.440,054 

9.421.637 

13.310,660 

17.070.373 

22,928.219 

SO.  263, 755 

37,748,491 

1,553.280 
2,156,357 
2.933.211 
3.843.680 
4.970.210 
6,510.878 
8.428.458 
11.329.812 
13,719.431 
16,919.«a9 
20,154.222 
23,846.473 

078 

1800             

ass 

1810                    

ass 

1820 

ass 

093 

Ig40                             

a9» 

1.12 

I860                 

1.17 

1870 

1..'4 

1880             

1  36 

1890                    

1.50 

1900 

t58 

For  the  censuses  from  1790  to  1850,  inclusive,  .some 
minor  atljustments  of  age  periods  for  this  table  proved 

(103) 


104 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


to  be  necessary  in  order  to  secure  comparable  figures; 
in  some  instances  these  adjustments  were  for  the  period 
under  16  years  of  age,  and  in  others  for  the  period  20 
years  of  age  and  over.  They  were  not  sufiicient,  how- 
ever, to  affect  to  any  apjireciable  degree  the  percent- 
ages which  appear  in  the  table,  even  though  it  be  con- 
ceded that  some  errors  may  exist  in  the  computations 
required  to  be  made  from  the  nearest  age  group. 

Diagram  9.— Ratio  of  white  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  vMte 
i-hildrcn  under  Id  years. 


1.9 
1.8 
1.7 

i.e 

1.5 
1.4 
13 
1.2 
I.I 
IX) 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

J 

^ 

y 

/ 

,— - 

^ 

f 

8 

7 
6 
6 

/[ 

,/ 

■ 

^ 

<^ 

T 

2 

n 

17 

90    18C 

)0    18 

0     18 

20     18 

30    184 

0     IS 

SO     18 

60    18 

70    18 

BO    ISS 

)0    19 

DO 

The  proportion  for  1900  is  practically  double  that 
for  1790.  The  iminterrupted  increase  shown  in  the 
proportion  of  white  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to 
white  children  proves  exceedingly  suggestive.  At  the 
First  Census  7S0  atlults  contributed  to  the  maintenance 
and  rearing  of  1,000  children  in  the  United  States;  but 
in   1900  the  relationship  of  adults  to  children  had 


changed  so  greatly  that  the  ratio  became  1,580  adults 
to  each  1,000  children.' 

The  ratios  of  adults  to  children  at  the  most  recent 
censuses  of  the  principal  nations  of  Europe  were  as 
follows : 


COOTJTET. 

Census 
year. 

Ratio  of 
adults  of 
self-sup- 
porting 
age  (20 
years  and 
over)  to 
cliildren 
under  Ui 
years. 

1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1900 
1900 

1900 

2.4 

1.8 

1.7 

1.6 

Italj'                      .        

1.6 

1.5 

1.5 

United  States 

1.6 

In  1790  the  ratios  of  white  adults  of  self-supporting 
age  to  white  children  were  practically  uniform  through- 
out the  area  enumerated.  This  fact  suggests  that  in 
1790  similar  conditions  prevailed  generally  throughout 
the  country  in  connection  with  domestic  and  family 
affairs.  In  1900  the  ratios  varied  widely  in  different 
states,  and  in  some  instances — especially  in  New  Eng- 
land and  in  some  of  the  other  older  settled  states — at- 
tained a  high  figure.  The  analysis  is  presented  in  full 
in  the  following  table.  In  order  to  show  the  effect  of 
locality,  the  states  are  grouped  under  main  and  minor 
geographic  divisions. 

In  the  different  divisions  and  states  of  continental 
United  States  the  number  of  white  adults  available 
in  1900  for  the  support  of  each  1,000  white  children 
varied  from  1,060  in  Indian  Territory  to  2,400  in 
Nevada.  Within  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  the 
extremes  were  1,130  for  North  Carolina  and  (disregard- 
ing the  District  of  Columbia)  2,.390  for  New  Hampshire. 

Wlien  the  states  of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790 
are  grouped  by  geographic  divisions  it  is  found  that 
in  both  1790  and  1900  the  Southern  states  showed 
the    smallest    proportion    of    white    adults    of    self- 

'  "  No  great  powerofimagination  is  needed  in  order  to  perceive  the 
enormous  effect  of  these  (European  population)  changes,  *  *  * 
and  if  at  the  present  moment  yearly  20  young  persons  out  of  a  popu- 
lation of  1,000  enter  life  as  full  grown  members  of  society,  it  will 
make  a  great  difference  if  this  number  is  reduced — say  to  15. 
Everywhere  in  offices  and  shops  the  number  of  juveniles  will  be 
on  the  decrease,  whereas  gray-haired  officials  will  be  more  abundant, 
and  if  it  is  true  thatall  new  ideas  are  bom  in  young  brains,  then  this 
distribution  of  age  is  identical  with  a  serious  loss  for  the  popula- 
tion.    *    *    * 

In  a  stagnant  population,  according  to  the  life  tables  for  males, 
about  26  per  cent  would  be  imder  15  years  old,  but  if  all  the  principal 
causes  of  death  disappear  the  number  would  sink  to  23  per  cent.  In 
the  former  case  74  adults  would  bring  up  26  children;  in  the  latter 
the  numbers  would  be  77  and  23;  consequently  there  would,  in  the 
caseof  thehigher,  accordingly  be  2.8  adults  tol  child,  in  the  other, 
3.3." — Westergaard,  Proceedings  of  the  International  Institute  of  Sta- 
tistics, 1007,  page  113. 


PROPORTION  OF  CHILDREN  IN  WHITE  POPULATION. 


105 


supporting  age  to  white  children,  and  the  New  England 
states  showed  the  largest.  In  1900,  however,  the 
two  extremes  had  grown  so  far  apart  that  the  South- 
ern states,  although  nearly  doubling  their  i)roportion 
during  the  century,  showed  a  ratio  scarcely  more  than 
one-half  of  that  indicated  for  New  England.  The 
difference  between  the  ratios  per  1,000  ciiildren  for 
the  two  sections  had  advanced  from  700  and  800 
adults,  respectively,  in  1790,  to  1,280  and  2,190  in 
1900. 

Table  36. — Ratio  of  white  adults  of  self-iupporling  age  to  white 
children,  by  slates  and  territories:  1900. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

White  popu- 
lation under 
IB  years. 

White  popu- 
lation 20 
years  and 
over. 

Ratio  of 
white  popu- 
lation 2b 
years  and 
over  to 
white  popu- 
lation 
under  16 
years. 

Continental  United  States ' 

23,846,473 

37,748,491 

1.58 

Area  enumerated  in  1790. . . 

10,464,298 

17,663,445 

1.69 

New  England 

1,610,495 

3,531,973 

2.19 

Maine 

200,792 
112,987 
100,857 
804,342 
125,970 
265,347 

4,972,312 

441,215 
269,686 
217,746 
1,774,910 
262,269 
566,147 

9,179,888 

2.20 
2.39 
2.16 
2.21 
2.08 
2.13 

1.85 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont. . 

Massachusetts... 

Rhode  Island 

Middle  states 

New  York 

2,212,213 

591,730 

2,117,946 

50,423 

3,881,491 

4,438,326 

1,092,418 

3,557,203 

91,941 

4,951,584 

2.01 

1.85 
1.68 
1.82 

1.28 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Southern  states 

Maryland  and  District  of  Colum- 
bia  

381,2.53 
844,206 
540,543 
233,a5fi 
497,862 
751,566 
633,005 

13,382,175 

674,660 
1,084,553 
613,164 
273,618 
580,671 
953,950 
770,968 

20,085,046 

1.77 
1.28 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

1  17 

Kentucky 

1.27 
1  22 

Tennessee 

1.50 

9,222,868 

14,510,777 

Ohio 

1,335,964 
847,7.55 

1,61)0,114 
813,188 
780,664 
668,183 
802,660 

1,09.5,731 
128,739 
1.55,250 
408,226 
520,394 

2,898,532 

2,406,258 

1,410,271 

2,715,180 

1,401,7.50 

1,113,736 

93.5,121 

1,236,108 

1,605,117 

1M,.507 

195,142 

,561,678 

769,909 

3,232,544 

Indiana 

Illinois 

1  64 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

1  43 

Minnesota 

1  40 

1.54 

Missouri 

1  46 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota  . 

1  26 

Nebraska 

1.38 

1.46 

1.12 

Florida 

121,473 
431,491 

276,328 
307,120 
1,0,57,904 
134,3(HI 
1,54, 4.V) 
415,478 

1,260,775 

151,885 
480,601 
307,476 
361,674 
1,160,016 
141,961 
183,954 
444,977 

2,341,725 

1.25 

1. 11 

Mississippi 

1.11 

1.18 

Texas 

1. 10 

Indian  Territory 

1.06 

1.19 

Arkansas 

1.07 

Western  states 

1.86 

Montana 

69,674 

28, W3 
ir,!>,r36 

74,124 

31, .107 

118,7.58 

9,6,'.9 

60,.5(iS 
162, .542 
131,768 
403,826 

143,887 
.54,107 
324,181 
93,918 
55,314 
130,847 
23,262 
82,975 
300,219 
232,065 
900,947 

2  07 

Wyoming 

1.88 

1.91 

New  Mexico 

1.27 

1.77 

Utah 

1.  10 

2  40 

Idaho 

1.37 

Washington 

1.S5 

Oregon 

1.76 

California 

2.23 

'  Excluding  persons  st.!tioned  abroad. 


•  Entire  state. 


The  marked  difference  in  the  ratio  shown  by  the 
group  of  Southern  states,  in  comparison  with  "some 
Other  sections,  suggests  a  tabulation  of  the  South  in 
comparison  with  the  rest  of  the  countrj';  and  upon 
making  such  analysis  it  appears  that  the  ratio  of  white 
adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  eacii  1,000  white 
children  in  1900  was  1,210  in  the  South  and  1,730  in 
the  remainder  of  the  country. 

It  must  not  be  overlooked  that  the  ratios  here  shown 
are  based  upon  the  entire  white  population,  hative  and 
foreign.  It  was  impossible  to  secure  an  analysis  for 
the  native  and  foreign  elements  separately;  but  at- 
tempts to  secure  such  separation  indicated  that  the 
native  element  tended  to  record  a  much  higher  ratio 
of  adults  to  children  than  the  foreign  element — in 
some  instances,  indeed,  probably  exceeding  3,000 
adults  to  each  1,000  children. 

RATIO  OF  WHITE  CHILDREN  TO  .\I>UI.T  WHITE  FEMALES. 

The  relative  importance  of  children  in  the  white 
population  has  already  been  measuretl  by  considering 
the  proportion  children  form  of  the  total  and  the 
ratio  of  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  children. 
Another  standpoint  from  wliich  to  view  this  subject 
consists  in  a  consideration  of  the  ratio  of  white  chil- 
dren (under  16  years  of  age)  to  white  females  16  years 
of  age  and  over. 

Table  37. — Ratio  of  white  children  to  adult  white  females  in  each 
state  and  territory  enumerated  in  1790  and  in  the  same  areat  in 
1900. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

RATIO      OF      WHITE 
CIIILDREN-  UNDER 
16  TO  ALL  WHITE 
FEMALES      16 
VEAKS  AMD  OVER. 

KM 

'     ItOO 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

1.9 

1  0 

New  England 

1.7 

0  8 

Maine 

2.1 
l.t 
2.3 
1.6 
LS 
1.C 

ZO 

0.8 

as 

Vermont 

OlO 

a8 

Rhode  Island 

as 

Connecticut 

OlS 

Middle  states 

1  0 

New  York 

2.1 
3.0 
2.1 
2.0 

2.0 

0.9 

New  Jersey 

1  0 

)  1 

1.3 

1.6 
2.0 
2.2 
2.3 
Z* 
2.6 
2.7 

1.0 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

L4 

North  Carolina 

I.S 

1.4 

Georgia     

1.4 

1.4 

L4 

Comparison  of  the  ratios  shown  in  this  table  for 
1790  and  1000  reveals  a  variation  com[)arable  in 
extent  with  that  shown  in  Table  3.5.  An  average  of 
nearly  2  children  to  every  white  female  of  mature 
years  in  1790  declined  to  an  average  of  1  in  1900, 
or  half  as  great  for  the  entire  area  considered.     In  all 


106 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


the  New  England  states,  and  in  New  York,  the  average 
was  less  than  1  in  1900. 

The  significance  of  this  subject  is  so  great  that  it 


will  be  appropriate  to  point  out  the  conditions  which 
prevailed  in  1850  and  1900  in  continental  United 
States  and  in  individual  states. 


Tadle  38.-RATI0  OF  WHITE  CHILDREN  TO  ALL  WHITE  FEMALES  16  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  STATES  AND 

TERRITORIES:  1850  AND  1900. 


STATE  OR  TEREITORT. 


Continental  United  States 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

New  England 

Maine 

New  liampsMre 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rliode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  states 

New  Yorlc 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Southern  states 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  (^arolina 

Georgia  (eastern  part) 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Added  area 

Northern  states 

Ohio 

Indiana 

I  llinols 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dalcota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Southern  states 

Georgia  (western  part) 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Indian  Territory 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Western  states 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado ^ . . 

New  Mexico  and  Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Oregon  and  Washington 

California 


I  Excluding  persons  stationed  abroad. 

» SuMlvlsion  of  group  15  to  19  years  estimated. 

No  state  of  the  Union  enumeratod  in  1850  showed 
an  increase,  during  the  half  century  which  elapsed  to 
1900,  in  the  ratio  of  children  to  adult  white  females. 
Within  this  short  period  the  ratio  of  cliildren  to  each 
1,000  females  declined  from  1,600  to  1,100  for  the 
entire  United  States,  and  from  1,400  to  1,000  in  the 


White 

females 

16  years 

and'over.= 


5,376,497 


3,620,445 


878,777 


169, 536 
107, 780 

95,517 
335,407 

48,332 
122,176 


920,783 

137, 787 

635,840 

20,318 

1,026,940 


132,474 
245,388 
156,758 
75,367 
32,028 
191,611 
193,314 

1,756,052 


1,316,612 


512. 296 
237,871 
2«,097 
100,334 

75,585 
1,213 

44,933 
140,283 

(=) 

CI 

<.') 

(') 

413,463 


97,533 
10,771 
104,534 
67, 725 
63,289 
33,783 
(■) 
(") 
35,828 

25, 977 


(') 

(') 

(') 

16,973 

<2,749 

(.<) 

2,234 
4,021 


White 
children 
under  16 

ycars.2 


Ratio  of 
white 
children 
to  white 
females 
16  years 
and  over. 


8,428,458 


5, 088, 903 


968, 798 


234,873 
108,632 
118,583 
332,988 
50,270 
123,452 

2,364,449 


1,173,119 
190,801 
969,870 
30, 659 

1,755,666 


188,663 
403, 250 
251,542 
125, 113 
56,521 
361,111 
369,456 

3,339,555 


2,459,118 


889,640 
476, 641 
402, 665 
176,868 
133, 184 
2,291 

94,532 
283,297 

(') 

(') 

(') 

(») 

836,759 


200,412 

22,098 
208.287 
146,893 
102, 964 

73, 142 

(') 

(') 

82,963 

43,678 


(») 

C) 

25,956 

<5,163 

W 

« 
5,538 
7,021 


1.4 
1.0 
1.2 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


1.3 
1.4 
1.5 
1.5 

1.7 


1.4 
1.6 
1.6 
1.7 
1.8 
1.9 
1.9 


1.9 


1.7 
2.0 
2.0 
1.8 
1.8 
1.9 
2.1 
2.0 


2.1 
2.1 
2.0 
2.2 
1.6 
2.2 


1.5 
1.9 


2.5 

1.7 


19001 


White 
females  16 
years  and 

over. 


1,993,736 


243, 124 
149,330 
118.318 
1,019,195 
150,094 
313,675 

5,127,096 


2,496,617 

610, 628 

1,969,432 

60,619 

2,615,140 


388, 125 
618,013 
360,471 
162, 973 
86, 277 
515,038 
448,243 

11,086,653 


7,916,781 


1,347,828 
785,402 

1,483,102 
759, 528 
609,341 
482,631 
672,837 
890, 534 
74,807 
98,724 
295,832 
416,215 

2, 065, 284 


256,699 
83,066 
282, 166 
179,268 
207,418 
639, 303 
73, 702 
93,012 
250,660 


62,580 

19,217 

155, 298 

69,940 

74, 735 

9,318 

36,346 

239,741 

447,413 


White 
Children 
under  16 

years. 


23,846,473 
10, 090, 044 


1,610,495 


200, 792 
112,987 
100,857 
804,612 
125, 970 
266,347 

4.972,312 


2,212,213 

691,730 

2,117,946 

60,423 

3,507,237 


381,253 
844,206 
640,543 
233,066 
123, 60S 
751,666 
633,006 

13,756,429 


9,222,868 


1,336,964 
847, 755 

1,660,114 
813, 188 
780, 664 
668, 183 
802, 660 

1,095,731 
128,  739 
156,250 
408, 226 
526,394 

3,272,786 


374, 254 
121,473 
431,494 
276,328 
307, 120 
1,057,904 
134,300 
161,435 
416, 478 

1,260,776 


69,674 
28,843 
169, 736 
105,431 
118,758 
9,689 
60, 60S 
294,310 
403,826 


'  Not  enumerated. 

*  Enumerated  as  part  of  Utah  territory  if  at  all. 

area  enumerated  in  1790.  The  two  preceding  tables, 
therefore,  reveal  the  fact  that  the  ratio  of  1,900  children 
to  each  1 ,000  white  women  for  the  United  States  in  1790 
declined  300  (to  1,600)  in  the  sixty  years  elapsing  to 
1850,  and  500  (to  1,100)  in  the  succeeding  half  century. 
How  great  has  been  the  change  during  the  century 


PROPORTION  OF  CHILDREN  IN  WHITE  POPULATION. 


107 


in  the  proportion  of  children  in  the  white  population 
can  best  be  reahzed  by  applyinn;  the  ratio  shown  in  1 900 
to  tiie  number  of  white  females  above  the  age  of  16 
in  1790.  and  the  ratio  shown  in  1790  to  the  number  of 
white  females  16  years  of  age  and  over  in  1900. 


NUMBEB  OF  WHITE  CHILDREN  UXDEK  10  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 

1790 

1900 

AREA. 

Actual 
number. 

On  basis  of 
ratio  shown 
for  continen- 
tal I'nlted 
States  in 
1900.  number 
would  have 
been— 

Actual 
number. 

On  basis 
ot  ratio 
shown  In 
1790,  num- 
ber would 
have  been — 

Continental     United 
States               .  .  . 

1,553,260 

884,495 

23,846,810 

39,563.953 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

1,553,260 

884,495 

10.090,044 
13,756,700 

18.498,347 

Changes  in  the  ratio  of  white  children  to  adult  white  fe- 
males, during  the  eighteenth  and  nineteenth  centuries. — 
The  enumeration  of  the  inliabitants  of  New  York  city 
in  170.3  specified  the  number  of  white  females  and  the 
number  of  white  children  of  both  sexes.  This  fact 
makes  possible  a  computation,  for  one  representative 
community,  of  the  proportion  of  cliildren  to  white 
females  at  one  of  the  earliest  enumerations  made  in 
British  North  American  territory.  The  ratio  of  white 
children  of  both  sexes  to  wliite  females  16  j-ears  of 
age  and  over,  as  indicated  by  this  census,  was  1.9. 

Of  even  greater  interest  is  the  partial  enumeration 
of  New  York  colony  made  in  1712-1714.  The  returns 
of  this  census  cover  all  counties  except  Queens,  al- 
though the  returns  for  Kings  and  Richmond  counties 
give  only  the  total  population,  and  Albany,  Dutchess, 
and  Ulster  counties  were  not  returned  at  all  until  1714. 
The  detailed  returns  of  this  census  cover  the  entire 
white  population  in  even  greater  detail  than  was 
shown  at  the  First  Census  of  the  United  States.  The 
proportion  of  white  children  under  16  years  of  age  to 
white  females  16  years  of  age  and  over,  for  the  coun- 
ties reported  in  detail,  is  given  in  Table  39. 

The  results  of  the  New  York  censu.'^cs  of  1703  and 
1712  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  at  this  period  in  the 
history  of  the  colony  there  were  about  2  wliite  cliil- 
dren  to  each  adult  white  female.  It  is  probable  that 
at  this  early  period  there  was  little  variation  in  the 
conditions  prevaihng  in  the  different  colonies;  most  of 
the  inhabitants  were  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  there  was  practically  no  urban  population  in  the 
modern  sense  of  the  term.  Tliis  uniformity  of  condi- 
tions, together  with  the  fact  that  even  as  late  as  1790 
the  ratio  of  wliite  cliildren  to  wlute  women  varied  but 
httle  in  the  different  states  and  geographic  divisions, 
suggests  the  inference  that  throughout  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  in  all  the  British  American  colonies,  there 
were  approximately  2  white  children  to  each  adult 


wliite  female.  This  inference  accords  with  the  fact 
that  the  economic  and  social  conditions  of  the  colonies 
remained  substantially  unchanged  during  that  period. 
It  also  serves  to  emphasize  strikingly,  by  contrast,  the 
change  wliich  occurred  in  the  United  States  during  the 
nineteenth  century  in  the  ratio  of  white  cliildren  to 
adult  white  females. 

Table  HO.—Iiatio  of  white  children  under  16  years  of  age  to  white 
female*  16  years  of  age  and  over  in  New  York,  by  counliet:  171 1. 


While 

feiniiles 
Hi  years 
an<fovcr. 

WHITE  CHILDSEK  UKDEB  16 
YEARS. 

Ratio  of 
white  chil- 
dren under 

coimTV. 

Both 

KXCS. 

Hales. 

Females. 

16  years  to 

while  te- 

males  Hi 

years  and 

over. 

Total 

4,317 

8,450 

4,389 

4,061 

2.0 

Albanvi 

725 

K 

1,365 

96 

990 

442 

601 

1,404 
218 

2,379 
187 

2,136 
877 

1,249 

753 
120 

1,197 
105 

1,092 
450 
672 

651 
98 
1,182 
82 
1,044 
427 
577 

Dutchess' 

Orance 

1  9 

Sullolk 

2.2 

I'ister' 

Westchester 

2.1 

■  Returns  not  received  until  1714. 

Ratios  of  children  to  adult  females  in  the  native  and  the 
foreign  stocl-  of  the  white  population. — It  will  be  recalled 
that  in  a  preceding  chapter  the  contributions  of  the 
two  main  elements  of  the  wliite  population — descend- 
ants of  persons  enumerated  in  1 790  and  of  persons  who 
came  to  the  United  States  after  the  First  Census — 
were  estimated  to  represent  appro.ximately  3.5,000,000 
and  32,000,000,  respectively,  of  the  total  wliite  popu- 
lation in  1900.  Which  of  these  two  elements  is  the 
more  liberal  contributor  of  population  increase  at  the 
present  time?  If  the  second,  or  foreign  element,  is 
the  larger  contributor  what  share  is  being  borne  in  such 
contribution  by  the  various  nationalities  wliich  com- 
pose it  ?  It  is  clear  that  the  answers  to  these  questions 
are  of  great  importance  to  the  Republic,  since  the 
ideals  and  policies  of  the  nation  must  depend  upon  the 
characteristics  of  its  citizens.  Unfortunately,  how- 
ever, census  publications  can  give  no  answer  to  ques- 
tions concerning  the  fecundity  of  the  various  elements 
of  the  population. 

There  is  a  widespread  opinion  among  students  of 
population  statistics  that  the  white  native  stock,  rej)- 
resentcd  by  the  35,000,000  of  i)ersons  in  1900,  is  now 
increasing  at  a  very  slow  rate,  if  at  all;  in  all  prob- 
abilit}'  it  is  barely  maintaining  itself."  Tliis  point  of 
view  appcai-s  to  be  conffrmetl  b^-  many  of  the  facts  wliich 
are  presented  in  tliis  report.     If  this  be  true,  or  even 

'  "As  a  general  proposition  it  will  hold  true  that  the  ab'^olule 
and  relative  fecundity  of  the  native  bom  element  is  less  through- 
out the  countrj'  than"  that  of  the  foreign  bom.  There  are  difter- 
ences,  of  course,  in  the  degree  of  fe<undity,  and  fortunately  the 
native  birth  rate  is  still  comparatively  normal  in  the  Southern 
and  Western  states;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  throughout  the 
country  the  foreign  element  is  reproducing  ilM-\(  much  more  rap- 
idly than  the  native,  with  probably  four  generations  to  a  century, 
against  less  than  three  among  the  natives.  '—F.  L.  Uoffman,  North 
American  Review,  May,  1909,  page  675. 


108 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GRO^^H. 


partially  true,  then  the  other,  or  foreign,  element  of 
the  wliite  population,  represented  in  1900  by  32,000,000 
persons,  of  whom  more  than  20,000,000  were  either 
forei<m  bom  or  the  cliildren  of  persons  born  abroad, 
is  now  contributing  the  bulk  of  population  increase. 
There  is  no  reason  to  doubt,  however,  that  ^\^thln  this 
element  the  different  nationaUties  differ  widely  in  their 
percentages  of  increase. 

In  order  to  determine  whether  differences  of  this 
character  actually  exist,  a  test  was  made  by  analyzing 
the  names  appearing  upon  the  Twelfth  Census  sched- 
ules for  2  counties  wliich  remained  practically  un- 
changed in  area  during  the  century— Hartford  county, 


Conn.,  and  Columbia  county,  N.  Y.  Hartford  county. 
Conn.,  was  selected  partly  because  in  1790  its  popula- 
tion was  exclusively  British,  and  practically  all  Eng- 
lish, so  that  the  changes,  if  any,  occurring  during  the 
century,  could  be  clearly  marked  in  connection  with 
that  nationality;  and  partly  because  in  1900  it  was  a 
typical  county.  The  population  had  increased  sixfold 
during  the  century;  it  was  partly  urban  and  partly 
rural;  it  was  exceedingly  prosperous,  and  obviously 
had  fully  participated  in  the  growth  and  progress  of 
the  nation.  Columbia  county,  N.  Y.,  was  a  distinctly 
rural  county  in  1790,  and  largely  rural  also  in  1900, 
The  tabulations  resulted  as  follows: 


Table  40  -RATIO  OF  \DULT  WHITE  FEMALES  TO  WHITE  CHILDREN,  FOR  EACH  NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  BY 
Table  40.     «^^^^"^"^^jj^g  qj,  jj^^^S  qj,  FAMILIES  IN  HARTFORD  COUNTY,  CONN.:  1790  AND  1900. 


1790 

1900 

White  females  16 
years  and  over. 

White  children  under  16  years. 

White  females  16 
years  and  over. 

White  children  under  16  years. 

NATION  AUTT. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Total. 

Average  to 

each  female 

16  years 

and  over. 

Total. 

Average  to 

each  female 

16  years 

and  over. 

Per  cent 

distribu- 
tion. 

Total 

10,614 

100.0 

17,076 

1.6 

100.0 

66,517 

100.0 

55,653 

0.8 

100.0 

Bntish 

10,594 

99.8 

17,042 

1.6 

99.8 

52,500 

78.9 

36,576 

0.7 

65.7 

English                                             

10,236 
303 
5o 

6 
11 

96.4 
2.9 
0.5 

0.1 
0.1 

16,516 
416 
110 

10 
22 

1.6 
1.4 
2.0 

1.7 
2.0 

96.7 
2.4 

aa 

0.1 
0.1 

32,159 
2,798 
17,543 

151 
1,781 
6,375 
5,710 

4S.  3 

42 

26.4 

0.2 
2.7 
9.6 
8.6 

17.916 
2,094 
16,566 

127 
2,173 
7,752 
9,025 

0.6 
0.7 
0.9 

0.8 
1.2 
1.2 
1.6 

32.2 

Irish                                  

0.2 

A 11  nthpr  i                                          

3 

m 

2 

0.7 

m 

16.2 

1  Includes  Hungarian,  Italian,  Roumanian,  Russian,  Scandinavian,  etc. 


s  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Table  41.-RATI0  OF  ADULT  WHITE  FEiL-^LES  TO  WHITE  CHILDREN,  FOR  EACH  NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  BY 
NAMES  OF  HEADS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  COLUMBIA  COUNTY,  N.  Y.:  1790  AND  1900. 


1790 

1900 

White  females  16 
years  and  over. 

White  children  under  16  years. 

White  females  16 
years  and  over. 

White  children  under  16  years. 

NAnONAUTY. 

Niunber. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Total. 

Average  to 

each  female 

16  years 

and  over. 

Total. 

Average  to 

each  female 

16  years 

and  over. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Total 

6,203 

loao 

13,054 

2.1 

loao 

15,542 

100.0 

11,205 

0.7 

loao 

British 

4,980 

80.3 

10,646 

2.1 

81.6 

11,713  1         75.4 

7,673 

0.7 

68.5 

English 

4,815 
137 
28 

1,148 
30 
37 
8 

77.6 
2.2 
0.5 

las 

0.5 
0.6 
0.1 

10,344 
230 

72 

2,290 
60 
42 
16 

2.1 

1.7 
Z6 

ZO 
2.0 
1.1 
2.0 

79.2 
1.8 
0.6 

17.5 
0.5 
0.3 
0.1 

8,644  1         .W.  6 

5,490 

340 

1,843 

633 

226 

2,103 

510 

0.6 
0.7 

a7 

0.6 
0.9 
0.9 
2.0 

49.0 

Scotch 

516 
2,553 

985 

241 

2,343 

2C0 

as 

16.4 

6.3 
1.6 
15.1 
1.7 

ao 

Irish 

16.4 

Dutch 

5.6 

French '                   

2.0 

19.3 

All  other  ' 

4.6 

1  Practically  all  French  Canadians  in  1900. 


In  1900  the  British  stock  was  making  a  compara- 
tively meager  contribution  to  the  population  of  both 
counties.  The  1790  ratios  of  1.6  children  under  16 
years  of  age  to  each  female  16  years  and  over  in  the 


^  Includes  Hungarian.  Italian,  Roumanian,  Russian.  Scandinavian,  etc. 

Coimecticut  county  and  2.1  in  the  New  York  county, 
by  1900  had  shrunk  one-half  in  the  former  and  one- 
third  in  the  latter.  Since  in  1790  the  British  element 
was  composed  almost  exclusively  of  English,  it  is  in 


PROPORTION  OF  CHILDREN  IN  WHITE  POPULATION. 


109 


this  nationality  that  most  of  the  descendants  of  per- 
sons pnumeratod  in  1790  in  these  2  counties  are  to  be 
found.  It  will  be  observ^ed  that  in  both  instances  the 
ratio  for  the  English  is  even  lower  than  that  for  the 
remainder  of  the  British  element. 

The  other  than  British  elements  show  in  each  county, 
in  1900,  a  more  liberal  ratio  of  children  to  women. 
Both  the  French  Canadian  and  the  German  nationaU- 
ities  show  a  ratio  which,  while  much  less  than  that 
shown  for  1790,  is  nevertheless  higher  than  that  of 
the  British  element.  The  increase  in  the  ratio  is  great- 
est, however,  for  tiie  nationalities  analyzed  upon  the 
schedule  and  grouped  in  the  table  under  the  head  of 
"all  other."  This  term  includes  principally  Italians, 
Hungarians,  Russians,  and  Scandinavians — nationali- 
ties which  are  included  in  the  most  recent  immigration 
movement.  In  both  counties  the  contribution  of  this 
element,  in  1900,  greatly  exceeds  that  of  any  other, 
approaching  the  very  liberal  proportion  of  children  to 
adult  females  shown  for  the  total  white  population  at 
the  First  Census  of  the  United  States. 

The  foregoing  analysis  is  presented  merely  as  an 
illustration  of  the  significant  variation  in  the  contribu- 
tion of  various  racial  elements  to  the  increase  of  popu- 
lation in  the  United  States.  The  labor  involved  in  a 
complete  tabulation  of  this  kind  is  so  great  that  it 
could  not  be  attempted  except  at  a  decennial  census, 
and  it  is  doubtful  if  facilities  would  exist  at  that  time. 
But  the  test  tabulations  here  presented  tend  to 
confirm  the  impression  that  during  the  eighteenth 
century  practically  no  change  occurred  in  the  social 
and  economic  stmcture  of  the  colonies  which  subse- 
quently became  parts  of  the  United  States,  while  dur- 
ing the  nineteenth  century  a  very  marked  readjustment 
has  been  in  progress,  resulting  in  a  striking  change  in 
the  ratio  of  children  to  adult  females. 

Comparison  of  the  United  States  with  Europe. — Con- 
sideration of  the  changes  shown  to  have  occurred  in  the 
United  States  during  the  century,  in  the  ratio  of  white 
children  to  adult  white  females,  is  aided  by  making  a 
study  of  the  corresponding  ratios  for  the  four  principal 
nations  of  Europe. 


United  Kingdom 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

United  states.... 


Census 
year. 


1901 
1901 
1900 
1901 

1900 


Females 
lOyears 
and  over. 


14,251,030 
14,190,357 
18,293,000 
10,549,084 

20,822,625 


Children 

under 

16  years. 


14,211.381 
10,684,083 
20,722,000 
11,722,730 

23,846,473 


Ratio  of 
children 
under  16 
to  females 
l(i  years 
and  over. 


1.0 
0.8 
1.1 
1.1 


The  above  table  indicates  that  the  proportion  of 
children  to  adult  females  was  practically  the  same  in 
the  United  States  in  1900  as  in  Great  Britain,  Ger- 
many, and  Italy  at  the  corresponding  enumerations 
in  those  countries;  hence  it  appears  that  population 
conditions  in  the  Republic  are  tending  to  become  more 


in  harmony  with  those  obtaining  in  other  civilized 
countries.  It  should  be  noted  that  although  the  ratio 
shown  for  France  is  considerably  less  than  those  for 
Great  Britain,  Germany,  Italy,  and  the  United  States, 
it  is  identical  with  tiiat  shown  for  .5  of  tlie  New  Eng- 
land states,  and  but  one-tenth  less  than  that  shown 
for  New  York. 

EFFECT    OF    CHANGES    I.V    THE    PROPORTIO.V    OF    CHIL- 
DREN. 

There  are  many  standpoints  from  which  to  view  this 
subject.  From  one,  it  migltt  be  claimed  that  tlie  peo- 
ple of  the  United  States,  taking  all  into  account,  have 
concluded  that  they  are  only  about  one-half  as  well 
able  to  rear  children — at  any  rate  without  personal  sac- 
rifice— under  the  conditions  prevaiUng  in  1900  as 
their  predecessors  proved  themselves  to  be  under  the 
conditions  which  prevailed  in  1790.  It  is  possible  also 
to  claim  that  at  the  period  of  the  First  Census  the  sim- 
ple living  characteristic  of  a  new  country,  the  simple 
wants  supplied  by  neighborhood  industries,  and  the 
self-dependence  of  the  family  due  to  sparseness  of  pop- 
ulation, all  tended  toward  large  families. 

In  1900  the  resources  of  the  nation  were  developed 
to  the  point  of  fruition.  From  various  causes  the 
population  had  become  very  large.  Wealtii  had  in- 
creased to  a  degree  unparalleled  elsewhere  in  the 
world  or  in  any  age.  At  the  present  time  the  com- 
plexity of  living,  congestion  of  population,  depend- 
ence on  foreign  help,  and  especially  the  innumerable 
wants  fostered  by  machine-made  goods,  manufac- 
tured upon  an  enormous  scale  and  ever  tempting  to 
greater  expenditure,  all  tend  toward  restriction  of 
size  of  families. 

At  the  begirming  of  the  nineteenth  century  a  vast 
continent,  with  untold  resources,  awaited  development 
and  created  what  might  be  termed  a  population  hunger. 
In  Europe,  at  the  same  period,  the  creation  of  unex- 
ampled industrial  activity  protluced,  though  to  a  lesser 
degree,  a  somewhat  similar  condition.  The  close  of 
the  nineteenth  century  finds  the  insistent  demand  for 
population  practically  saii.-^fied,  and  in  some  instances 
more  than  satisfietl,  both  in  the  United  States  and 
in  Europe.  The  degree  to  which  this  demand  is 
occurring  in  different  sections  of  the  Uniteil  Stales  is 
suggested  b}'  the  wide  variations  in  the  proportions  of 
white  children  to  white  adults  in  the  various  states  and 
geographic  divisions.  The  older  coimnunities,  having 
already  acquired  dense  population,  resulting  in  a  more 
severe  struggle  for  existence,  show  the  highej^t  propor- 
tion of  adults  to  children;  while  in  tlie  younger  or 
more  sparsely  settled  states,  and  in  those  in  which  wide 
opportunity  for  the  individual  .still  exists,  the  propor- 
tion of  children  to  adults  is  much  greater.  It  must 
be  remembered,  however,  that  in  communities  which 
have  been  in  existence  le.<s  than  fifty  years  the  birth 
rates,  as  reflected  by  the  proportion  of  children  in  the 


no 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


white  population,  may  be  abnormally  high,  because 
of  the  abnormal  age  distribution  of  the  population  of 
such  sections. 

It  would  be  idle  to  attem'pt  to  point  out  the  social 
and  economic  results  likely  to  occur  in  the  future 
from  tiie  changes  here  shown  to  have  taken  place,  even 
were  such  a  discussion  appropriate  in  these  pages.  A 
century  hence  the  student  of  population  changes  will 
be  able  to  measure,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  signifi- 
cance of  population  changes  from  1790  to  1900  is 
here  measured,  but  in  abler  and  more  accurate  fashion, 
the  effect — economic  loss,  or  possibly,  indeed,  eco- 
nomic gain — upon  the  United  States  of  failure  of  the 
white  population  to  contribute  (on  the  basis  of  the 


1790  proportion)  many  millions  of  young  people 
to  the  activities  of  the  Republic.  He  will  confront 
the  fact  that  in  the  early  life  of  the  Republic  there 
appeared  in  the  total  population  a  very  large  propor- 
tion of  young  persons,  but  that  after  the  expiration 
of  a  century,  as  the  population  approached  100,000,000 
and  all  the  activities  of  the  nation  were  developed  and 
expanded  to  a  marvelous  degree,  the  proportion  of 
j'oung  persons  decreased  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
create  a  remarkable  contrast  between  the  conditions 
which  prevailed  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  end  of 
the  nineteenth  century.  It  is  probable  that  against 
such  a  background  the  economic  history  of  the  com- 
ing centurv  will  be  written. 


X.  SURNAMES  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION  IN  1790. 

APPROXIMATE  NUMBER— NOMENCLATURE— PREPONDERANCE  OF 
ENGLISH  AND  SCOTCH  NAMES— UNUSUAL  AND  STRIKING  SUR- 
NAMES—DISTRIBUTION OF  SURNAMES— CONCENTRATION  OF  POP- 
ULATION UNDER  CERTAIN  NAMES— ABSENCE  OF  MIDDLE  NAMES. 


In  the  states  for  which  the  schedules  of  the  First 
Census  still  exist  there  were  27,337  surnames  in  1700. 
It  is  impossible  to  compute  from  this  fi<jure  the  num- 
ber of  surnames  in  the  entire  I'nited  States  at  the  date 
of  tiie  First  Census,  but  the  fact  that  the  states  for 
which  the  schedules  are  lackinij,  with  the  exception  of 
New  Jersey,  were  settled  largely  by  English  immigrants, 
suggests  the  probability  that  the  names  in  addition 
to  those  appearing  upon  the  existing  schedules  were 
comparatively  few  in  number.  It  is  thus  probable 
that  the  entire  number  of  surnames  in  the  United 
States  at  that  period  did  not  much  exceed  30,000. 

The  tables  wliich  follow  present  some  classification 
of  nomenclature  resulting  from  an  inspection  of  the 
names  of  heads  of  families  as  they  appear  upon  the 
schedules.  This  classification  has  been  made  because 
of  the  historical  value  which  attaches  to  such  analysis. 
The  heads  of  families  enumerated  at  the  First  Census 
were  practically  tiie  founders  of  the  Republic;  it  was 
they  who  adopted  the  Constitution  which  made  the 
Republic  permanent.  Furthermore,  the  constant 
increase  of  interest  in  genealogy  makes  this  analysis 
of  especial  interest. 

A  large  preponderance  of  English  and  Scotch  names 
appears  upon  the  schedules  of  the  First  Census.  The 
proportion,  indeetl,  is  so  large  that  these  two  nationali- 
ties embrace  substantially  the  entire  population,  with 
the  exception  of  that  of  certain  sections,  principally  in 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  North  Carolina.  More- 
over, inspection  of  the  names,  conveys  the  impression 
that  the}'  were  largely  of  Anglo-Saxon  origin. 

Many  of  the  names  upon  the  schedules  probably 
have  now  passed  out  of  existence,  because  of  an  in- 
creasing tendency  on  the  part  of  the  public  to  avoid 
striking  or  fantastic  names.  Most  of  those  names 
which  teniled  to  cause  a  distinct  loss  of  dignity  to  the 
bearer  have,  in  the  course  of  a  century,  been  so  modi- 
fied, with  the  social  advance  of  the  possessors,  as  to  lose 
unpleasant  characteristics.  Many  Christian  names 
which  were  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries,  and  indeed  in  the  early 
part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  have  become  obso- 
lete. Their  use  by  the  present  generation  would  be 
regarded  as  an  absurdity.  Inspection  of  the  city 
directories  for  several   of    the    larger  municipalities 

'  Classification  of  the  surnames  shown  upon  the  census  schedules, 
according  to  their  meaning  as  parts  of  speech,  proves  of  so  much 
interest  that,  while  not  properly  a  part  of  a  report  of  this  character, 
some  of  the  more  noteworthy  names  are  given  in  the  following 
classified  list : 


shows  that  many  of  the  more  iieculiar  and  eccentric 
names  reported  at  the  First  Census  still  continue  to 
be  borne;  but  it  is  a  fact,  al.so,  that  such  names  are  by 
no  means  so  conspicuous  at  tlie  i)resent  time  as  at  the 
earlier  ]>eriod.  The  addition  of  a  great  body  of 
names  originating  in  countries  other  than  Great 
Britain  tcmls  to  reduce  tlie  prominence  of  Enghsh 
names,  as  the  proportion  contributed  by  such  names 
decreases.  It  is  true  that  many  of  tlie  names  so  ad<led 
may  be  formed  of  the  parts  of  speecii  of  otlier  lan- 
guages, but  this  fact  is  concealed  by  their  occurrence 
in  a  foreign  tongue. 

Those  wiio  study  the  names  upon  the  schedules  of 
the  First  Census  are  impressed  bv  the  fact  that  a 
large  proportion  of  the  total  number  are  derived  from 
common  nouns  or  other  parts  of  speech  relatetl  to 
the  daily  affairs,  occupations,  events,  and  surround- 
ings of  the  indiviihial  and  the  communit.v.  Tests 
were  made  of  the  names  returned  for  3  states,  to 
determine  the  proportion  of  families  bearing  names  of 
this  class.  It  was  found  that  of  all  families  reported 
in  these  3  states  about  30  per  cent  derived  their 
names  from  parts  of  si)eech. 

Of  the  27,337  different  surnames  for  which  the 
1790  schedules  are  in  existence,  9.4  per  cent  were  de- 
rived from  parts  of  speech.  Upon  making  a  classifi- 
cation of  tlie  names  so  derived,  according  to  the 
meaning  of  the  words,  they  fall  into  the  following 
general  classes:' 

Household  and  domestic  affairs — food  and  eating,  drink,  cloth- 
ing, and  sewing  materials. 

Nations  and  places. 

Human  cliaracteristics — nationality,  kinds  of  men,  condition, 
appearance  or  state,  bathing,  ailmente  and  remedies,  parts  and 
actions  of  the  body,  relationship. 

Giames,  religion,  music,  and  literature. 

Property — kind  of  house  and  building  material  and  belongings, 
surroundings,  furniture  and  tableware,  merchandise  and  commod- 
ities, and  money. 

Nature — color,  objects  of  nature  or  features  of  landscape,  treee, 
plants  and  flowers,  fruits,  nuts,  weather,  beasts,  birds,  insects  and 
creeping  creatures. 

The  ocean  and  maritime  subjects. 

War. 

Death  and  violence. 

Time. 

Unusual  and  ludiirous  combinations  of  common  noims  and  of 
Christian  names  and  surnames. 


HOUSEHOLD  AND   DOMESTIC   AFFAIRS. 

Food  and  fa/inj.— .Soup,  Ovster.  Fii<h,  Trout,  Salmon,  Haddock, 
Shad,  Crab;  \eal.  Lamb,  Pork,  Savory.  Stew;  f'owl,  buck.  Quail. 
Goose,  Gravy;  Tripe,  Tongue.  Kidney.  Liver,  Hash,  Ham.  Eggs; 

ill!) 


112 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Two  facts  are  of  especial  interest  in  connection  with 
an  analysis  of  names.  Tiie  parts  of  speech  which  are 
represented  are  almost  entirel}^  Anglo-Saxon.  They  are 
derived  from  the  most  common  events  of  life,  condi- 
tions, places,  or  things,  and  it  may  be  said  that  they 
represent  almost  one-third  of  the  population  of  the 
United  States  in  1790.  The  prevalence  of  biblical 
given  names  reflects  the  religious  feeling  of  the  period. 
The  absence  of  those  names  which  were  offensive  from 
the  standpomt  of  politics,  on  the  other  hand,  reflects 
the  political  prejudices  prevailing  at  that  date.  For 
example,  the  name  "Charles"  is  found  rather  infre- 
quently. Indeed,  in  the  entire  state  of  Massachusetts, 
one  of  the  most  populous  states  of  that  period,  it  oc- 
curs less  than  250  times  on  the  schedules. 

A  classification  of  the  total  number  of  names  repre- 
sented upon  the  schedules  (27,337),  according  to  fre- 
quency of  occurrence,   as,  for  example,  the  number 


of  names  which  appear  but  once,  the  number  which 
appear  but  twice,  etc.,  show  the  following  interesting 
results : 


NCMBER  OF  TIMES  SAMES  APPEAR  UPON  SCQEDm.ES,   BY 
GROUPS. 


'  Number 
of  names. 


Total... 

1 

2 

3to4 

5  to  9 

10  to  24 

25  to  49 

50  to  99 

100  to  199 

200  to  299 

300  to  399 

400  to  499 

500  to  749 

750  to  999 

1.000  to  1,499.. 
1,500  to  1.999.. 
2,000  to 2,999.. 
3.000  and  over 


27,337 


Per  cent 
each  class 
forms  of 
all  names. 


100.0 


11,934 

3,609 

3,235 

3.105 

2.564 

1,244 

744 

511 

154 

84 

55 

63 

12 

19 

6 

6 

2 


43.7 

13.2 

11.8 

11.4 

9.4 

4.6 

2.7 

1.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0.2 

0.2 


(') 
( 

(') 
(■) 
(') 


0.1 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Goodbread,  Butter,  Olives,  Radish,  Mustard,  Cress,  Vinegar; 
Corn,  Beets,  Onions,  Beans,  Collard,  Carrott,  Peas,  Squash, 
Brownrice,  Sago;  WaiBe,  Honey,  Pancake,  Jam,  Mush,  Treacle; 
Cake,  Custard,  Tart,  Cheese,  Almond,  Dates,  Shaddock,  Melon; 
Mints,  Fudge;  Coffee,  Tea,  Sugar,  Milk;  Hunger,  Food,  Meal, 
Diet,  Slice,  Broil,  Boiling,  Ginger,  Greens,  Alspice,  Lard,  Pepper. 

Drink. — Brandy,  Goodrum,  Grog,  Grapewine,  Redwine,  Punch, 
Cider,  Port,  Negus,  Freshwater,  Beer,  Booze,  Goodwine,  Wine. 

Clothing. — Dress,  Raiment,  Gowns,  Frocks,  Petticoat,  Bloomer, 
Scarf,  Redsleeves,  Frill,  Shawl,  Bonnet,  Feather,  Boas,  Mitts, 
Beads,  Spangle,  Shoe,  Highshoe,  Stockings,  Coats,  Shirts,  Waist- 
coat, jumpers,  Smock,  Overall,  Collar,  Lightcap,  Mitten,  Boots, 
Socks,  Brogan,  Cap. 

Sewing  materials. — Linen,  Silk,  Poplin,  Crape,  Lace,  Wool,  But- 
tons; Machine,  Needles,  Pattern,  Pin,  Bodkin,  Spool;  Threadcraft, 
Mendingall,  Patching,  Whitecotton. 

NATIONS  AUD  PLACES. 

England,  Ireland,  Hungary,  Germany,  Holland,  Spain,  Poland, 
Athens,  Boston,  Canada,  Bohemia,  Venice,  Parliament,  Paradise, 
Bedlam. 

HUU.4.N   CH.\K.\CTERISTICS. 

Nationality. — English,  Irish,  French,  German,  Prussian,  Poles, 
Spaniard,  Malay,  Tartar,  Dago,  Mussulman,  Dutch. 

Kinds  of  men. — Beeman,  Councilman,  Countryman,  Iceman, 
Ploughman,  Sickman,  Shortman,  Smallman,  Toughman,  Tidyman, 
Weatherman,  Weedingman,  Peacemaker,  Houselighter,  Wool- 
weaver,  Landmiser,  Pioneer,  Pilgrim,  Pagan,  Pettyfool,  Passenger, 
Grooms,  Biters,  Fakes,  Equals,  Drinker,  Dancer,  Kicker,  Cusser, 
Spilter,  Booby,  Dunce,  Gump,  Boor,  Crank,  Crook,  Rascal,  Swin- 
dle, Knave,  Outlaw,  Madsav.ige,  Coward,  Hero,  Double,  Goodfellow. 

Condition.— RungeT,  Thirst,  Smell,  Taste,  Anger,  Laughter, 
Comfort,  Reason,  Clemency,  Justice,  Care,  Pride,  Wit,  Pluck, 
Faith,  Devotion,  Goodcourage,  Fuss,  Flurry,  Fury,  Thrift,  Doubt, 
Piety. 

Appearance  or  state.— Short,  Shorter,  Plump,  Comely,  Sallow, 
Supple,  Bony,  Barefoot,  Allred,  Busy,  Idle,  Careless,  Strict,  Calm^ 
Gushing,  Dumb,  Howling,  Daft,  Looney,  Dowdy,  Neat,  Empty 
Greedy,  Fearing,  Fearless,  Faithful,  Fickle,  Forward,  Humble,  Gad- 
ding, Sober,  Maudlin,  Gaudj-,  Quaint,  Harsh,  Jolly,  Kind,  Severe 
Literal,  Final,  Wealthy,  Miserly,  Naughty,  Toogood,  Sullen,  San- 
guine, Proud,  Prudent,  Rough,  Tough,  Hastv,  Weary,  Old  Older 
Wordly,  Witty,  Allright,  Proper,  Lazy,  Lucky,  Upright,  Under- 
hand, Mea,sley,  Rude,  Toobald,  Cacklin. 

Bathing. — Ccldbath,  Towel,  Soap. 

Ailments  and  remedies. — Fatyouwant,  Gout,  Fever,  Crampeasy 
Boils,  Measles,  Swelling,  Corns,  Rickets,  Gripe,  Ache,  Cough' 
Sliver,  Blackhead,  Warts,  Tetter,  Fits;  Surgeon,  Quack-  Balm' 
Physic,  Salts,  Mixture,  Blister,  Pellet,  Pill. 

Parts  and  actions  of  the  bodi/.— Head,  Brains,  Forehead,  Cheeks 
Nose,  Ears,  Chin,  Beard,  Lips,  Tongue,  Shoulders,  Wrists',  Hands' 
Fingers,  Thumbs,  Hips,  Side,  Knee,  Leg,  Foot,  Heel,  Bones' 
Gullets,  Hearts,  Kidneys,  Bowels,  Livers,  Glands,  Breaths,  Voices' 
\Miisper,  Murmurs,  Grunts,  Howls,  Yells,  Smack,  Caress.  ' 


Relationship. — Brother,  Sister,  Couples,  Husbands,  Son,  Daugh- 
ter, Uncles,  Cousins,  Neighbors. 

GAMES,    RELIGION,    MUSIC,    AND  LITERATURE. 

Games. — Clubs,  Cards,  Chess,  Faro,  Dice,  Dance,  Waltz. 

Religion. — Preacher,  Rector,  Church,  Chapel,  Steeples,  Spires, 
Bell,  Clapper,  Organ,  Pew,  Sermon,  Creed,  Bible,  Psalms,  Psalter, 
Sinners,  Blessing,  Miracle,  Angels,  Heavens,  Hell. 

Music  and  literature. — Music,  Chord,  Harmony,  Overture',  Chris- 
tian, Singer,  Duett,  Harp,  Fiddle,  Fife,  Comet;  Poet,  Rymes, 
Jingles,  Ballad,  Parody. 

PROPERTY. 

Kind  of  house,  building  material,  and  belongings. — House,  Lot, 
Brickhouse,  Acres,  Greathouse,  Marble,  Mahogany,  Oldhouse, 
Halfacre,  Stonehouse,  Longhouse,  Newhouse,  Laughinghouse, 
Roof,  Brickroof,  Shingle,  Gambrel,  Gable,  Gutters,  Spout,  Lumber, 
Brick,  Wooden,  Plank,  Scantling,  Lath,  Crack,  Cranny,  Door, 
Latch,  Knob,  Lockkey,  Kitchen,  Buttery,  Shelf,  Furnace,  Heater, 
Register,  Porch,  Shed,  Pump,  Corners. 

Surroundings. — Stable,  Barns,  Trough,  Manger,  Coolyard,  Brick- 
well,  Coldwell,  Cornhouse,  Woodhouse,  Miikhouse,  W^arehouse, 
Millhouse,  \\'harf. 

Furniture  and  tableware. — Table,  Curtain,  Vase,  Clocks,  Desk, 
Chairs,  Cushion,  Pillow,  Bolster,  Box,  Broom,  Bucket,  Candle, 
Snuffer,  Plate,  Platter,  Bowls,  Newbowl,  China,  Silver,  Knife, 
Forks,  Spoons,  Pitcher,  Mug,  Saucer. 

Merchandise  and  commodities. — Stove,  Wood,  Coke,  Oven,  Coal, 
Fender,  Auction,  Wondersale,  Shovel,  Poker,  Hammock,  Pickett, 
Tubs,  Ax,  Ladder,  Mallet,  Nuthammer,  Hatchet,  Wrench,  Level, 
Nipper,  \\"hetstone.  Gouge,  Nail,  Tack,  Awl,  Oats,  Bran,  Shorts, 
Husks,  Wheat,  Mash,  Bags,  Balloon,  Barley,  Barrels,  Basket, 
Bench,  Bike,  Boiler,  Bomb,  Brass,  Buckhorn,  Camphor,  Cane,  Cap, 
Chalk,  Chopper,  Coin,  Coldiron,  Combs,  Compass,  Coop,  Coopernail, 
Copper,  Cork,  Cowhorn,  Cradle,  Cutwork,  Dipper,  Divans,  Files, 
Filters,  Grater,  Gravel,  Gum,  Hammers,  Hassock,  Hogshead, 
Hornbuckle,  Hose,  Inks,  Iron,  Irons,  Ivory,  Junk,  Kettle,  Kite, 
Leeks,  Lightwood,  Locket,  Maize,  Tenpenny,  Oldshoe,  Paste,  Pearl, 
Pen,  Pencil,  Pipes,  Plough,  Powder,  Primer,  Rags,  Rakes,  Rattle, 
Razor,  Rivets,  Rockets,  Rope,  Rug,  Satchel,  Screws,  Sequin,  Shot, 
Sickle,  Silkrags,  Silver,  Slate,  Smallcorn,  Snuff,  Spikes,  Sticks, 
Stilts,  Straw,  Tallow,  Tarbox,  Ticket,  Tiles,  Tool,  Trap,  Trucks, 
Trunk,  Tubes,  Turnipseed,  Twine,  Twist,  Varnish,  Wafer,  Washer, 
Weights,  Whips,  Whitehorn,  Wigs,  Wire,  Yarn,  Yoke,  Harness, 
Hames,  Reins,  Sulkey,  Surrey,  Coltrider,  Heldcbridle. 

Money.— ?\xxse.  Money,  Cash,  Dollar,  Milldollar,  Penny,  Thick- 
penny,  Shilling,  Dimes,  Nickles,  Pence. 


Color. — Colour,  Black,  White,  Gray,  Green,  Brown,  Red,  Ruby, 
Pink,  Purple,  Seagray,  Nile,  Orange,  Tan,  Olive,  Lavender,  Car- 
mine, Blue,  Scarlet. 

Objects  of  nature  or  features  of  landscape. — Mountain,  Tallhill, 
Widedale,  Lakes,  Meadows,  Parks,  Pastures,  Rivers,  Woodsides, 
Roads,  Bridges,  Bogs,  Forest,  Chestnutwood,  Hazelgrove,  Wood- 


SURNAMES  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATIOX  IN  1790. 


113 


The  most  .significant  fact  which  appears  in  the  preced- 
ing table  is  the  largo  proportion  of  the  total  number  of 
names  which  is  formed  by  names  represented  bv  one 
family  only,  and  the  rapid  decrease  as  the  groups  in- 
clude more  frequent  occurrence  of  names.  For  exam- 
ple, of  the  names  which  appear  between  1,000  and 
1,500  times — in  other  words,  are  represented  by  that 
number  of  families — there  arc  but  10;  while,  in  the 
higliest  class,  but  2  names  are  represented  by  3,000  or  i 
more  families.  | 

Table  42.— NUMBER  OF  NAMES  REPORTED  FOR  WHITE 
OP  FAMILIES  RECORDED  UNDER 


It  is  important  to  remember  that  a  comparatively 
small  part  of  the  total  number  of  surnames  in  the  United 
States  in  1700  includes  practicallytheentirc  white  popu- 
lation. Eleven  thou.sand  nine  hundred  and  thirty-four 
names  represent  but  one-half  of  1  per  cent  of  the  white 
population,  hence  the  99.5  percent  were  represented  by 
15,403  surnames. 

The  number  of  times  surnames  appear  in  the  various 
states  and  their  classification  into  groups,  acconling  to 
frequency  of  occurrence,  is  shown  in  the  following  table  : 

FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  THE  NTMBER 
SUCH  NAMES,  BY  STATES:  1790. 


NUMBER  or  WtllTE   FAMILIES. 

United 
States. 

Maine. 

New 
Hamp- 
shire. 

Ver- 
mont. 

Massa- 
chusetts. 

Rhode 
Island. 

Connect- 
icut. 

New 
York. 

Pennsyl- 
vania. 

lai^. 

Vir- 
ginia. 

North 
Carolina. 

South 
Carolina. 

Total 

27.337 

2.640 

2  .=KR 

2.469 

4,452 

1.396 

3,412 

7.4«2 

13,383 

6.777 

5,»1 

1 

11.934 

3. 009 

3.2:k 
3,10o 

2,564 

1.244 

744 

511 

154 

84 

53 

12 
19 
6 
8 

1,052 
3r,2 
373 
398 

312 

107 

30 

6 

917 

325 
3.W 
404 

337 
1« 
09 
16 

2 
1 

928 
.345 
352 
420 

315 
81 
25 
2 

1 

1,041 
631! 

487 
563 

5.W 

347 

220 

77 

21 
G 
2 

1 

578 
191 
175 
187 

147 
76 
35 

7 

1,363 
389 

xn 

426 

435 

233 

152 

49 

6 

3,239 
973 
891 
732 

477 

166 

59 

13 

1 

1 

2,038 
838 
788 
802 

597 
189 
73 
24 

3 
2 

1 

2,096 

1,025 

978 

928 

729 
252 
105 
51 

6 

1 

1 

1 

2,613 
825 
757 
635 

391 
117 

2.                

989 
890 
931 

731 

324 

130 

39 

6 
2 
1 

1,984 
1,844 
1,457 

905 

311 

151 

49 

13 
5 
1 

3  to  4 

5  to  y  

10  to  24 

25  to  49 

SO  to99         .  . 

40 

100  to  199 

10 

200  to  299 

2 

300  to  399 

1 

400  to  499 

1 

S00to749 

750  to  999 

1 

2 

1,000  to  1.4y9 

1 

1.500  to  1.999 

2,000  and  over 



land,  Woodyfiold,  Wildernos.i,  Fountain,  Middlebrook,  Marsh,  Pool, 
Pond,  Gully,  Ditch,  Farm,  Tatcrfield,  Bars,  Garden,  Grass,  Lons- 
wall,  Tanyard,  Market,  Maypole,  Lowbridge,  Drawbridge,  Wood- 
endyke,  Saltmarsh,  Oysterbanks,  Sharpstone,  Redstone,  Mud,  Soot, 
Smoke,  Blaze,  Fires,  Sparks. 

Trees. — Maples,  Oaks,  Greenoak,  Chestnut,  Walnut,  Pine,  Bay, 
Willow,  Tumbletree,  Redwood,  Roots,  Sap,  Acorn. 

Plants  and Jlowem. — Plants,  Weeds,  \'in('s,  Shrill),  Mallow,  Prim- 
rose, Calls,  Ivy,  Pinks,  Parsley,  Marjoram,  Wormwood,  Fennel, 
Caraway,  Bramble,  Brier,  Thistle,  Bamthistle,  Toadvine,  Rag- 
bush,  Clover,  Seeds,  Pollen. 

Fruits. — Fruit,  Apple,  Pippin,  Currant.s,  Cherry,  Blackhoart, 
Grapes,  Lemons,  Peach,  Plum,  Quince,  Pears,  Limes,  Berry,  May- 
berry,  Appleberry,  Bilberry,  Touchberr>-,  Thornberry,  Dewberry, 
Fortuneberrv,  Flyberry,  Iluckelberry,  Rasberry,  Winterberry, 
Wineberry,  llottenberry. 

Nuts. — Nut,  Chestnut,  Walnut,  Ilickrynut. 

Tfearter.— Weathers,  Dry,  Damp,  Pleasant,  Dismal,  Sprinkle, 
Shower,  Rains,  Storms,  Gales,  Simoon,  Hail,  Slush,  Freeze,  Bliz- 
zard, Coldair. 

Beasts.— lloTBC,  Hoss,  Hossies,  Colts,  Trotter,  Mules,  Kicks,  Ox, 
Bulls,  Cows,  Heifer,  Redheifer,  Calf,  Middlecalf,  Goat,s,  Sheep, 
Lamb,  Cats,  Leathercat,  Mout<er,  Pup,  Shoat,  Squirrel,  Beavers, 
Mink,  Coons,  Seals,  Scalion,  Bear,  Bruin,  Cub,  Leopard,  Tiger, 
Moase,  Lions,  Panther,  Flippers,  Claws,  Hoofs,  Horns,  Tails, 
Clatter,  Canter,  Gallop. 

BiVrfs.— Eagle,  Canary,  Lark,  Woodpicker,  Parrot,  Peacock, 
Raven,  Sparrow,  Starling,  Skyhawk,  Stork,  Swan,  Buzzard,  Crows, 
Snipes,  Robins,  Hawks,  Pheasants,  Rocks,  Fowls,  Chick,  Bantam, 
Gosling,  Geese,  Pigeon,  Dove,  Birdsong,  Birdwhistle. 

Insects  and  creeping  creatures. — Ant,  Beetle,  Fly,  Bees,  Hornet, 
Roach,  Locust,  Snails,  Grubs,  Maggot,  Worm,  Snake,  Turtle,  P>og. 

THE   OCEAN   AND   MARITIME   SUBJECT.*. 

Seas,  Billows,  Bays,  Breeze,  Ship,  Sloop,  Barge,  Bigraft,  Ancher, 
Shoals,  Sails,  Bunks,  Commodore,  Mariner,  Shipboy,  Swab. 

WAR. 

War,  Battle,  Campaign,  Fight,  Fightmaster,  Cannon,  Boom,Gun.s, 
Trigger,  Shot^j,  Pistol,  Shoots,  Swords,  Banner,  Bugle,  Bugler,  Fort, 
Officer,  Booty,  Treason,  Prison. 


DEATH   .\Nn   VIOLENCE. 


Death,    Deadman,   Hearse,   Vaults,   Tombs,   Moregraves,   Duel, 
Murder,  Demon,  Ghost,  Mummy. 


Months,  Weeks,  Shortday,  Nights,  Hour,  Winter,  Midwinter, 
August,  Yesterday,  Tewday,  Allday,  Alwavs,  Friday,  Sunday, 
Monday,  Lunch,  Supper,  Goodnight,  Clock,  Bells,  Christma-s,  Easter. 

UNUSUAL  COMBINATIONS   OF  COMMON   NOUNS. 

Becrstickcr,  Cathole,  Churning,  Clampit,  Clapsaddle,  Clinkscalee, 
Cockledress,  ColdHesh,  Crackbone,  Drips,  Flybaker,  Fryover,  Galli- 
vant, Getstrap,  G(X)dbit,  Goosehorn,  Gravtracks,  ILigniire,  Honey- 
comb, Uungerpealer,  Huntsucker,  Icebra.»s,  I.iptrot,  Livergafl, 
Lookinbill,  Milksack,  Moonshine,  Partneck,  Potkerpine,  Reed- 
hovel,  Scoot,  Shamback,  Sharpneck,  Silvemail,  Slappy,  Spits- 
noggle,  Splitstone,  Slophell,  Strad<lle,  Sunlighler,  Svdebottom, 
Sydersticker,  Tallowback,  Threewits,  Trueluck,  Wallllour,  Willi- 
bother,  Witchwagon. 

STRIKING    OR  LUDICROUS  COMBINATIONS   OF  CHUISTIAN    NAMES  AND 
SURNAMES. 

Joseph  Came,  Peter  Wentup,  Joseph  Scolds.  John  Sat,  Thomas 
Simmers,  John  Smothers,  Sarah  Simpers,  Ruth  Shaves,  Barbary 
Staggers,  William  Sorrows,  Joseph  Ro<leback,  Christy  Forgot, 
Agreen  Crabtree,  Christian  Bonnet,  Truelovo  Sparks,  Snow  Frost, 
Preserved  Taft,  Wanton  Bump,  Adam  Hatmakor,  Darling  White- 
man,  Mourning  Chestnut,  River  Jordan,  Moses  Rainwater,  Chri.-tian 
Shelf,  Sermon  CotUn,  Boston  Frog,  Jedediah  Brickhouse,  Jemima 
Crysick,  Bachelor  Chance,  Su.-yinnah  li.Mits,  Britain  Spelling, 
History  Gott,  Anguish  Lemmon,  Thomas  Gabiale,  Inily  Bai  helor, 
Web  Ashbean,  Booze  Still,  Over  Jordan,  Thomas  Purifv,  Constant 
Gallnerk,  Pleasant  Basket,  Hannah  Petticoat,  Balaam  Bell,  Abra- 
ham Bokav,  Cullip  Hoof,  Comlort  Clock,  Jonah  Hatchet,  Noble 
Gun,  Hardy  Baptist,  Sillah  Jester,  Jacob  Worm,  Hannah  Cheese, 
Henry  Caihco,  Abraham  Singhoree,  Sharp  Blount,  Mercy  Pepper. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


114 

Of  the  total  number  of  surnames  reported  in  the 
United  States,  almost  exactly  half  were  returned  for 
Pennsylvania.  This  was  nearly  double  the  number 
returned  for  any  other  state— probably  because  of  the 
large  proportion  of  Germans  composing  the  popula- 
tion of  that  state.  It  is  clear  that  the  occurrence  of 
more  than  one  nationality  as  an  element  of  popula- 
tion tends  to  increase  greatly  the  number  of  surnames. 
In  general,  the  number  of  surnames  was  smallest  in 
the  New  England  states,  where  the  proportion  of 
British  stock  was  greatest.  In  South  Carolina,  with 
a  popuhition  no  larger  than  that  of  Mame,  the  number 
of  surnames  was  more  than  double  the  number  report- 
ed upon  the  Maine  schedules.  In  all  the  states  the 
number  of  surnames  occurring  but  once — that  is,  as 
represented  by  but  1  family— was  very  much  greater 
than  the  occurrence  of  surnames  represented  by  even 

Table  43.-NUMBER  OF  NAMES   REPORTED   FOR  WHITE   FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED   ACCORDING  TO   THE    NUMBER 
OF  W^ITE  PERSONS  IN   ALL  HOUSEHOLDS   RECORDED   UNDER  SUCH   NAMES,  BY  STATES:  1790. 


two  families.  In  New  England  the  number  of  single 
surnames  was  almost  exactly  three  times  as  great 
in  each  state  as  the  number  represented  by  2  fami- 
lies. In  the  other  states  a  slightly  smaller  propor- 
tion appeared,  except  in  the  case  of  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina.  In  but  4  states — Massachusetts, 
Connecticut,  Pennsylvania,  and  North  Carolina — did 
any  surname  occur  more  than  500  times.  The 
names  so  represented  were  Brown  and  Smith  in  Mas- 
sachusetts; Smith  in  Connecticut;  Smith  and  Wil- 
liams in  Pennsylvania;  and  Smith  and  Jones  in  North 
Carolina.  But  1  surname  occurred  more  than  1,000 
times  in  any  one  state — the  name  of  Smith  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

When  analysis  is  made  of  the  number  of  persons 
comprising  the  families  shown  in  the  previous  table, 
the  following  results  appear: 


NUMBER  OF  WHITE  PERSOXS. 

United 
States. 

Maine. 

New 
Hamp- 
shire. 

Vermont. 

Massa- 
chusetts. 

Bhode 
Island. 

Connect- 
icut. 

New 
York. 

Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Mary- 
land. 

Virginia. 

North 
Carolina. 

South 
Carolina. 

Total 

27,337 

2,640 

2,588 

2,469 

4.452 

1.396 

3,412 

7,462 

13,383 

6.552 

5,355 

6,777 

5.391 

1          

710 

11,727 
9,162 
2,055 
1,463 

639 
343 
220 
354 
187 

197 
95 
97 
37 
16 

19 
8 
6 
2 

81 

1,045 

1,012 

261 

162 

47 
15 
9 

6 

1 

1 

40 

890 

1,008 

276 

201 

94 
34 
14 
20 
7 

2 

1 
1 

27 
932 
1,051 
267 
137 

30 
17 
4 
2 

1 

1 

62 

1,685 

1,399 

450 

358 

185 

106 
05 
74 
26 

26 
9 
5 

1 

IS 
595 
495 
117 

92 

38 
25 
5 
5 
3 

3 

69 

1,292 

1,074 

365 

310 

114 
78 
39 
51 
19 

7 
2 

i 

106 

3,419 

2,486 

674 

447 

164 
69 
36 
34 
15 

9 

301 

6,585 

4,928 

779 

463 

114 
81 
43 
50 
12 

17 

4 
4 

155 

3.202 

2,408 

448 

203 

78 

27 

12 

9 

5 

5 

200 

2.029 

2,173 

520 

271 

70 
38 
14 
22 
10 

5 
2 
1 

389 

2,656 

2,608 

571 

316 

lOO 
52 
19 
35 
17 

7 
2 
4 
1 

189 

2to9     

2,570 

10  to  49     ...              

2,043 

50  to<*9 

335 

IfiO 

200  to  299 

47 

300  to  ;i99 -. 

22 

400  to  499 

8 

500  to  749    

10 

750  to  999 

3 

l.OOOto  1.499 

3 

2  000  to  2  't99 

3 

1 

3  000  to  3  99<) 

1 

2 

5,000  to  7,499 

1 

7.500  to  9.999 

10.000  to  14.999. .. 

1 

While  the  number  of  names  represented  by  1  family 
is  exceedingly  large,  the  number  of  names  represented 
by  only  1  person  is  very  small.  In  all  the  states, 
the  proportion  of  surnames  represented  by  from  2  to 
50  persons  includes  the  greater  number;  in  Penn- 
sylvania, for  example,  all  but  1,870  names  out  of 
13,38.3  were  represented  by  from  2  to  50  people.  Such 
an  analysis  brings  out  the  fact  of  the  very  wide  distri- 
bution of  names,  and  the  small  number  of  persons 
appearing  under  a  surname  in  any  one  state. 

Table  44  shows  that  the  average  number  of  per- 
sons per  name  for  the  area  covered  was  between  90 
and  100,  while  the  proportion  varied  in  the  different 
states  from  25  to  S3.  It  is  a  significant  fact,  suggested 
both  by  this  table  and  by  Table  43  that  Massachu- 
setts, the  population  of  which  was  almost  exclusively 
of  British  extraction,  closely  followed  by  most  of  the 
New  England  states,  reports  the  highest  proportion 
of  families  per  name  and  consequently  of  persons  per 
name.  Table  44  reflects,  in  general,  the  tendency  of 
the  homogeneous  population  to  show  a  smaller  pro- 


portion of  surnames  to  population  than  does  a  mixed 
population,  such  as  that  of  Pennsylvania  and  South 
Carolina. 

Table  44. — Average  number  of  white  families  per  name,  and  average 
number  of  white  persons  per  name  and  family,  by  states:  1790. 


Num- 
ber of 
names. 

Number 

of 
families. 

Number 

of 
persons. 

AVERAGE  NTJMBER  OF— 

STATE. 

Fam- 
Uies 
per 

name. 

Persons— 

Per 
name. 

Per 
family. 

United  states 

27.  .137 

443,726 

2,505,371 

16.2 

91.6 

5.6 

2.040 
2,588 
2,469 
4,452 
1,396 
3,412 
7,  402 
13.383 
6,562 
5,355 
6.777 
5,381 

16,972 
23,982 
14,969 
65, 149 
10,854 
40,457 
54,190 
73,323 
32,012 
38,245 
48,021 
25,552 

95,334 
140, 479 

84.772 
371,770 

64,988 
232,641 
308,404 
419,917 
179.283 
203,502 
265,006 
139,275 

6.4 
9.3 
6.1 

14.6 
7.8 

11.9 
7.3 
5.5 
4.9 
7.1 
7.1 
4.7 

36.1 
54.3 
34.3 
83.5 
46.6 
68.2 
41.3 
31.4 
27.3 
38.0 
39.1 
25.9 

5.6 

5.9 

5.7 

Massachusetts 

5.7 

6.0 

5.8 

New  York . . 

6.7 

5.7 

Maryland 

Virginia 

5.6 
5.3 

5.5 

South  Carolina 

5.5 

SURNAMES  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION  IN  1790. 


115 


In  Table  111,  which  appears  upon  page  227,  will  be 
found  a  list  of  3,6G1  names,  comprising  all  those  rep- 
resenteti  by  at  least  100  white  persons.  These  names 
have  been  correlated,  and  the  total  number  of  families 
bearing  such  names  in  the  United  States  and  in  each 
of  the  several  states  (in  1790)  is  shown,  with  the  ap- 
proximate number  of  persons  comprised  in  such 
families.  Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the 
dissimilarity  between  the  number  of  surnames  in  the 
United  States  at  the  period  of  the  First  Census  and 
the  number  of  persons  represented  by  names.  The 
tendency  of  the  ])opulation  at  that  period  to  group 
under  surnames  of  frequent  occurrence  is  imlicated  by 
the  fact  that  11,934  names  represent  less  than  1  per 
cent  of  the  white  population;  11,742  represented  15.7 
per  cent  and  the  remaining  3,661  names  specified  in 
Table  111  represented  83.8  percent. 

The  total  number  of  names  comprised  in  this  table 
approximates  13  per  cent  of  the  entire  number  of 
names  recorded  upon  the  schedules  for  the  area  cov- 
ered, and  eight-tenths  of  1  per  cent  of  all  the  families 
in  the  same  area. 

A  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  this  analysis  is  that 
at  the  beginning  of  Constitutional  Government  approx- 
imately 800  surnames — practically  all  of  which  were  of 
English  or  British  origin — contributed  about  one-third 
of  the  entire  population  of  the  United  States,  while 
all  the  remaining  population  was  distributed  among 
a  great  variety  of  surnames,  38  per  cent  of  which  were 
represented  by  one  family  only. 

The  number  of  heads  of  families  with  approximate 
total  number  of  persons,  uniler  a  few  of  the  names  of 
more  frequent  occiurence,  were: 


NAU. 

Number  of 
tamiUea. 

Toul 
penons. 

Smith i 

6.«S2 
3.368 
2,575 

2,sei 

3,046 
2,242 
2,283 
2,225 
1,765 

3S,24S 
1»,17S 
14,300 
14,300 
14,004 
13,766 

ItrowD 

Davis 

Jones 

Clark 

Williams 

12,717 

Miller 

12, 6M 

Wilson 

»,7»7 

These  9  names  represented  about  4  per  cent  of  the 
total  white  population  in  1790. 

The  absence  of  middle  names  or  initials  from  the 
schedules  of  the  First  Census  is  so  noticeable  as  to 
suggest  the  practical  growth  of  this  custom  after  the 
beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century.  The  carelessness 
of  enumerators  might,  in  many  instances,  explain  the 
failure  to  include  middle  muues  or  initials  u|)on  some 
of  the  schedules,  but  defects  of  enumeration  in  this 
particular  would  not  be  so  general  as  to  result  in  almost 
complete  absence  of  such  names.  Upon  a  document 
of  such  momentous  importance  as  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  signed  by  the  most  distinguished  men 
of  the  period,  complete  signatures  were  of  course  to 
be  expected;  yet  it  will  be  remembered  that  upon  this 
document  appear  the  names  of  but  3  persons  having 
middle  names — Robert  Treat  Paine,  Richard  Henry 
Lee,  and  Francis  Light  foot  Lee. 

It  would  be  of  the  utmost  interest  to  compare  sta- 
tistics of  surnames  at  the  Twelfth  Census  with  those 
here  presented  for  the  First,  but  no  such  information 
is  available.  Meager  as  are  the  statistical  data  yielded 
by  the  First  Census,  it  is  probable  that  it  will  long 
stand  as  the  only  census  for  which  statistics  of  no- 
menclature exist. 


XI   NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED   BY  NAMES  OF  HEADS  OF 
FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS. 

NATIONALITY  IN  STATES  FOR  WHICH  SCHEDULES  EXIST— IN  THOSE 
FOR  WHICH  SCHEDULES  ARE  MISSING— COMPOSITION  OF  POPULATION 
OF    T'iTICAL    COUNTIES    IN     1900— SLAVEHOLDLNG     BY     NATIONALITY. 


In  modern  census  taking  nationality  is  determined 
by  the  response  of  the  individual  to  the  question  con- 
cerning place  of  birth  or  the  place  of  birth  of  parents. 
Such  a  classification  is  obviously  impossible  in  con- 
nection with  the  First  Census :  as  the  only  means  of 
determining  the  nationalities  of  whole  families  at  that 
census  is  by  inspection  of  the  names  of  the  heads  of 
families  as  they  appear  upon  the  existing  schedules. 
If  this  be  remembered,  so  that  no  confusion  shall 
arise  through  an  attempt  to  force  comparisons,  the 
results  attained  from  inspection  of  the  First  Census 
schedules  present  a  very  interesting  and  doubtless 
a  reasonably  accurate  analysis  of  the  nationality  of 
the  population  at  the  time.  Such  classification, 
however,  is  obviously  in  the  nature  of  an  indication 
of  blood,  or  what  maybe  termed  nationalit}' strain, 
since  it  takes  no  account  of  the  actual  place  of  birth 
or  parentage  of  the  individual,  or  of  the  length  of 
time  which  the  bearers  of  the  name  may  have  been 
absent  from  the  mother  country.     The  ancestors  of 


the  bearer  of  an  Irish  or  Dutch  name  may  have 
arrived  in  the  first  shipload  of  immigrants  who 
landed  on  the  shores  of  Virginia,  Manhattan,  or  New 
England,  so  that  at  the  time  of  the  First  Census  the 
descendant  enumerated  possessed  few  or  none  of  the 
characteristics  of  the  nationahty  indicated.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  individual  may  have  arrived  in  the 
United  States  alone  or  with  his  family  but  a  few  weeks 
prior  to  the  enumeration.  I 

Emphasis  is  laid  upon  the  above  facts  in  order  that 
no  misunderstanding  may  arise  concerning  the  analy- 
sis of  nationality  here  presented.  While,  therefore,  it 
can  not  be  regarded  as  possessing  the  least  value  from 
the  standpoint  of  modern  classification  by  place  of 
birth,  such  an  analysis,  especially  for  the  period  under 
consideration,  possesses  great  value  as  indicating  the 
proportions  contributed  by  the  different  nationalities, 
to  the  population  at  the  time  the  First  Census  was 
taken.  M 


Table  45.— PERCENT  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  EACH  STATE  ACCORDING  TO  NATIONALITY 

AS  INDICATED  BY  NAMES  OF  HEADS  OF  FAMILIES:  1790. 


AREA  COVEKED. 

MAINE. 

NEW  HAMPSmBE. 

VERMONT. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

CONNECTICUT. 

NAME. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

All  nationalities 

2,810,248 

100.0 

96,107 

100.0 

141,112 

100.0 

85,072 

100.0 

373, 187 

100.0 

64,670 

100.0 

232,236 

100  0 

2,345,844 
188,589 
44,273 
56,623 

13,384 

156, 457 

1,243 

3,835 

83.5 
6.7 
1.6 
2.0 

0.5 
5.6 
0) 
0.1 

89,515 

4.154 

1,334 

279 

115 

436 

44 

230 

93.1 
4.3 
1.4 
0.3 

0.1 

0.5 

^^.2 

132.726 

6.648 

1,346 

153 

142 

94.1 
4.7 
1.0 
0.1 

0.1 

81,149 

2,562 

597 

428 

153 
35 

95.4 
3.0 
0.7 
0.5 

0.2 
(') 

354,528 

13,'435 

3,732 

373 

746 
75 
67 

231 

95.0 
3.6 
1.0 
0.1 

0.2 
0.1 

62.079 

1,976 

459 

19 

88 
33 
9 

7 

96.0 
3.1 
0.7 

(■) 

0.1 
0.1 

223,437 

6,425 

1,589 

258 

512 
4 
5 
6 

Irish 

0.7 
0.1 

a2 

Dutch 

German 

Hebrew 

(1» 

All  other 

97 

0.1 

148 

0.2 

),( 

NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  BY 

NEW  YORK. 

PENNSYLVANU. 

KkTlTUiSD. 

VtRGINIA.s 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

SOUTH  CAROUNA. 

NAME. 

Number. 

Percent.     Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Percent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Percent 

All  nationalities 

314,366 

100.0         423,373 

100.0 

208,649 

100.0 

442,117 

100.0 

289, 181 

100.0 

140,178 

100.0 

English 

245,901 
10,034 
2,525 
50,600 

2,424 

1, 103 

385 

1.394 

59.0 
11.7 
2.0 
0.6 

0.6 
26.1 

175,265 

13,562 

5,008 

209 

1,400 

12,310 

626 

84.0 
6.5 
2.4 
0.1 

0.7 
5.9 
0.3 
0.1 

375,799 

31,391 

8,842 

884 

2,653 
21,664 

85.0 
7.1 
2.0 
0.2 

0.6 

4.9 

240, 309 

32,388 

6,651 

578 

868 

8,097 

1 



82.4 
11.7 
2.6 
0.2 

1.3 

1.7 
0.1 

Scotch 

3.2 

0.8 
16.1 

0.8 
0.4 
0.1 
0  ^ 

49,567 
8,614 
2,623 

2.341 

110,357 

21 

11.2 
2.3 
0.2 

0.3 
2.8 
(') 

16, 447 

3.576 

219 

1,882 

2,343 

85 

Irish 

Dutch 

French 

Gentian. 

Hebrew 

.\Il  other 

•; 

'"' 

■  ■i 

2»» 

u.  1 

(116) 


1  Less  thau  onc-teuth  uf  1  per  cent. 


3  Source  of  data  explained  on  pafje  119. 


r 


I 


NATIONALITY. 


117 


The  analysis  by  nationality  as  shown  by  names  in- 
dicates that  the  English  stock  composed  83.5  percent 
of  all  the  white  population  at  the  period  of  the  First 
Census,  and  if  the  Scotch  and  the  Irish  be  added,  the 
British  stock  represented  a  little  more  than  90  per 
cent;  while  the  Germans  contributed  slightly  loss  than 
6  per  cent,  and  the  Dutch  2  per  cent.  This  fact  is  not 
surprising;  the  colonies  had  been  under  English  rule 
for  more  than  a  century,  the  lust  to  submit  being  the 
Dutch  colony  of  New  Amsterdam,  from  which  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  were  created  in  1064. 

Vu-ginia,  settled  by  the  British  in  1609,  had  at  the 
First  Census  but  6  per  cent  non-English  population, 
and  of  these  5  per  cent  were  what  are  known  as  "Valley 


Dutch,"  that  is,  Germans  who  had  migrated  through 
Maryland  from  Pennsylvania. 

New  England  was  almost  as  English  as  old  England, 
the  lowest  proportion  (93.1)  being  in  Maine  and  the 
highest  (96.2)  in  Rhode  Island. 

M'ere  it  feasible  to  make  an  analysis  of  the  popula- 
tion of  the  Southern  states  in  1900  similar  to  that  made 
from  the  schedules  of  the  First  Census,  it  is  probable 
that  little  change  would  be  noted  from  the  proportions 
shown  in  1790.  In  that  section  there  has  been  a 
noteworthy  preservation  of  the  purity  of  the  stock 
enumerated  m  1790,  contra.sted  with  the  extraordinary 
change  in  the  composition  of  the  jxjpulation  which 
has  taken  place  in  the  remainder  of  the  nation. 


Diagram  lO.-PROPORTION  OF  TOTAL   POPULATION  FORMED  BY  EACH  NATIONALITY:  1790. 


Table  46 — PER  CENT   DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  EACH  NATIONALITY  AS  INDirATIT 
N.\MES  OF  HEADS  OF  F.VMILIES,  ACCORDING  TO  STATE  OF  RESIDENCE:  1790. 


'  IIY 


STATE. 

ALL  NATIOMAU- 

TIE3. 

ENGUSB. 

SCOTCH. 

IRISH. 

DOTCn. 

nUENCH. 

OEKIIAK. 

BBBUW. 

ALL  OTBSB. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
l«r. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Area  covered.. 

2.810.248 

loao 

2.345.844 

100.0 

188.589 

100.0 

44.273 

loao 

66.(!23 

loao 

ia384 

loao 

156.457 

>35 

ao" 

97 
148 
231 

7 

« 

1,304 

l»4 

209 

884 
289 
146 

loao 

Maine 

96.107 
141.112 

85.072 
373. 187 

64.670 
232,236 
314. 3G6 
423.373 

208.649 
442.117 
289.181 
140. 178 

a4 

5.0 

ao 
las 

2.3 
&3 
11.2 
15.1 

7.4 
15.7 

ia3 

5.0 

89.  M5 
132.726 

81,149 
334,528 

62,079 
223.437 
245.901 
249,656 

175.265 
375.799 
240.309 
115,480 

as 

5.7 

as 

15.1 

2.6 
9..i 
10.  5 

ia6 

7.5 
16.0 
10  2 

4.9 

4.154 
6.048 
2.562 
13,435 

1.976 
6.425 

io.o:m 

49,567 

13.562 
31,391 
32,388 
16,447 

2.2 

as 

1.4 

7.1 

1.0 

a4 

5.3 
26.3 

7.2 
1&6 
17.2 

8.7 

1.334 

1.346 

597 

3,732 

459 
1.589 
2.  .525 
8.614 

5,008 
8.842 
6.651 
3.576 

ao 
ao 

1.3 
8.4 

1.0 

a6 

5.7 

las 

11.3 

2ao 

15.0 

&1 

279 
1.13 
428 
373 

19 

2.Vt 

50.600 

2.623 

209 
884 

578 
219 

a5 
a3 
as 

0.7 

0) 

OS 

89.4 

4.6 

a4 

1.6 
1.0 

a4 

US 
142 
153 
746 

88 

512 

2.424 

2,341 

1,460 

2,653 

868 

1,882 

a9 

1.1 
l.l 

S.6 

a7 
a8 

18.1 
17.5 

lag 

19.8 
6.5 
14.1 

436 

a;i 

44 

i.i 

a.0 

New  Ham|»tiire 

Zi 

3S 

75 

33 

4 

1.103 

110,357 

12.310 
21.W>4 
8.097 
2,343 

{:^ 

a7 
7a  s 

7.9 

las 

5.3 
1.5 

as 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

New  York 

87 

9 

6 

385 

21 

036 

5.4 

a7 
a4 

31.0 
1.7 

sa4 

&0 

aa 

3a.3 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Virpnia' 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

S.4 

2ai 

1 

85 

ai 
e.8 

7.5 

as 

>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 
76292—09 9 


>  Source  o(  data  explained  on  page  119. 


Diagram  1 


1,-DISTRIBUTION  OF  POPULATION  OF  STATES  ACCORDING  TO  NATIONALITY:  1790. 


MAINE 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


VERMONT 


MASSACHUSETTS 


RHODE  ISLAND 


CONNECTICUT 


NEW  YORK 


PENNSYLVANIA 


MARYLAND 


VIRGINIA 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


NATIONALITY 


119 


NATIONALITY    IN   THE    STATES    AND    TERRITORIES    FOR 
WHICH   SCHEDULES    ARE   MISSING. 

Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the  fact  that 
analysis  of  nationality  at  the  Plrst  Census  is  necessarily 
limited  to  the  sciiedules  which  are  still  in  existence.  In 
the  case  of  Virtjinia,  proportions  of  the  population  rep- 
resented by  the  dillerent  nationalities  were  obtained 
by  utilizing  the  returns  of  the  state  enumerations 
made  in  17.82  to  17S5  (covcrin<r  .38  counties),  and 
applying  the  results  thus  obtamed  to  the  population 
of  the  entire  state  as  returned  at  the  census  of  1790. 
For  Delaware  the  schedules  of  the  Second  Census  are 
available.  As  there  was  but  httle  change  in  the  total 
population  of  the  state,  or  its  composition,  during 
the  decade,  the  percentages  shown  at  the  Second 
Census  doubtless  reflect  accuratel}-  the  nationalitj'  of 
the  population  of  the  state  reported  ten  years  earlier. 
This  analysis  shows  the  following  result: 

Nalionalilies  of  the  population  of  Delaware,  on  the  basis  of  the  1800 
proportions:  1790. 


NATIONAUTY. 

Proportion 

shown  from 

schedules 

oflSOO. 

Distribution 
of  population 
in  1790  on  the 

1800  propor- 
tions. 

All  nationalities 

loao 

46,310 

British                 .           ..           

97.7 

8&3 

7.5 

3.9 

1.0 

as 

0.4 

a4 

45.245 

Enclish 

33,966 

Scotch 

3.473 

Irish 

1,806 

Dutch 

4G3 

Frpnrh          

232 

Qerman 

185 

Another 

185 

holding  citizens  of  the  county,  embracing  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  entire  number  of  iieails  of  families  as 
reported  at  the  First  Census.  This  analysis  sliowetl 
the  following  result: 

Nationalities  of  the  population  of  Somerset  county,  A.  J.  as  indicated 
by  the  surnames  of  freeholders:  1790. 


The  earliest  schedules  for  the  state  oi  New  Jersej'^ 
which  arc  in  existence  are  those  for  theTifth  Census 
(lS30),whic]i  was  so  far  distant  from  1700  that  the  later 
census  obviously  could  not  bo  regarded  as  reflecting 
conditions  which  prevailed  in  1790.  With  the  assist- 
ance of  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  a  list  of 
the  freeholders  of  Somerset  count}'  in  the  year  1790 
was  secured,  and  an  analysis  was  made  of  these  names — 
obviously  those  of  all  of  the  representative  or  propert}' 


TOWN. 

Total. 

Eng- 
lish. 

Scotch. 

Iri^l.. 

llUU'il. 

l-C.UM 

iiun. 

All 
other. 

The  county 

Percent... 

1,277 
100.0 

755 
59.1 

66 
5.1 

12 
0.9 

383 
30.0 

24 

l.« 

7 
0.5 

31 
2.4 

Bernards  town 

307 
139 
271 
187 
216 
157 

243 

96 
170 
71 
92 
83 

34 
8 
8 
6 
2 
7 

5 
2 
5 

22 
28 
57 
102 
108 
66 

3 
3 
9 
3 
6 

iJedmiii.sU'r  town 

Hridgi'wat4r  town... 

ICastirn  town 

HillsborouKh  town... 
Western  town 

2 

5 



i 
8 
1 

If  it  were  an  assured  fact  that  Somerset  county  was 
representative  in  the  composition  of  its  population,  it 
is  obvious  that  the  percentages  here  shown  might, 

'  with  some  propriety,  be  ap{)licd  to  the  remaining  12 
counties.  Unfortunately'  this  method  of  procedure  is 
not  feasible.  The  composition  of  the  population  by 
nationality  varied  greatly  in  the  counties  of  New  Jersey. 
The  proportion  shown  in  Somerset  is   therefore  no 

I  guide    to    the    proportions    which    actually    existed 

I  elsewhere. 

I       An  analysis  of  the  population  of  the  various  counties 

[  of  New  Jersey  has  been  furnished,  at  the  request  of  the 
Director  of  the  Census,  by  Mr.  William  Nelson,  cor- 
responding secretary   of  the   New  Jersey   Historical 

'  Society,  after  consultation  with  Dr.  Austin  Scott,  of 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  Dr.  E.  S.  Sharpe.  presi- 
dent of  the  Salem  County  Historical  Society.'     Such  an 

I  analj'sis  is  necessarily  merely  an  approximation,  but  it 
represents  the  painstaking  estimates  of  the  leading 
authorities  in  the  state  upon  New  Jersey  history,  and 
the  figures  resulting  from  an  ap])lication  of  the  per- 
centages to  the  poi)ulation  of  the  state  in  1790  are 
doubtless  sufficiently  accurate  to  indicate  the  distribu- 
tion by  nationalit)-.  Upon  the  basis  of  tlus  analysis 
the  following  tables  result: 


^  Bergen.— Thia  county  waa  originally  settled  l)y  Dutch,  wilh  a  very  email  admixture  of  Dane.i.  Prior  to  1680  there  was  a  slronp 
infusion  of  French  settlers  from  Harlem.  There  was  at  no  time  any  independent  immigration  from  Krancc.  Some  of  the  families  havinp 
Dutch  name?,  as  the  "Van  Biiskirks,"  were  of  German  origin,  and  for  more  than  a  century  were  almost  exclusively  conne<led  with  the 
German  Lutheran  Church.  As  early  as  1700  there  was  a  considerable  infusion  of  German  jiopulation  from  New  York  cily  and  from  fJerman 
Bettlemenis  north  of  New  Jersey.  About  1765  there  was  a  considerable  importation  of  German  miners,  principally  from  Uavaria,  who  set  lied 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  county,  working  in  the  iron  mines  of  Hergen  county  and  Morris  county.  There  were  Scotch  settlers  also  at  a  very 
eariy  period,  say  1725  and  later,  who  perhaps  worked  in  the  Dutch  flax  industry,  and  through  afTiliations  with  or  acquaintance  with  Dutch 
settlers  came  to  this  country.  I  would  say  that  in  1790  the  population  waa  about  as  follows:  French,  15  per  cent;  Germans,  20  per  cent; 
Scotch,  5  percent;  Irish  (principally  in  liie  iron  mines),  5  percent;  English,  15  percent;  Dutch, -10  percent.  .    ,        , 

Bur/uij/on.— This  county  was  almost  exclusively  settled  from  England,  or  by  English  capitalists,  who,  however,  induced  some  settle- 
ment from  the  Friends  of  Ireland;  also  Friends  from  Wales.  There  was  a  small  admixture  of  Swedes,  who  had  previously  seulc<l  in  the 
Bouthem  part  of  the  state.  I  would  approximate  the  percentages  of  nationality  in  1790  as  follows:  Welsh,  o  per  cent;  Swedes,  o  per 
cent;  Irish,  10  per  cent,  English,  80  per  cent.  ,t^i-i.,         i  tijj 

Cape  May  —This  county  waa  originally  settled  by  Swedes  and  Finns,  but  soon  there  waa  an  influx  of  English  from  Long  Island  and 
New  England.     In  1790  the  percentages  of  nationality  were  as  follows:  Swedes,  40  per  cent;  Finns   10  per  cent;  English,  50  percent. 

Cumberland.— This  county  waa  principally  settled  by  the  English  from  Long  Island,  New  England,  and  the  mother  counln-  with  a 
Blight  admixture  of  Finns,  ih  1790  the  percentages  of  nationality  were  as  follows:  Swedes,  10  per  cent;  Finn.s,  2  per  cent;  Welsh,  3  per 
cent;  Germans  (employed  in  the  iron  works  and  gla.««  works),  10  per  cent;  Irish  (employed  in  the  iron  works  and  glass  works),  10  per  cent; 

°^£jsea;.— ^his*county  waa  originally  settled  from  New  England  and  Long  Island  and  was  exclusively  English.     By  1790  a  congiderable 


120  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Estimated  per  cent  of  the  population  of  New  Jersey  contributed  hy  specified  nationalities:  1790. 


COUNTY. 

English 

and 
Welsh. 

Scotch. 

Irish. 

Dutch. 

French. 

German. 

Hebrew. 

Swedish 

and 
Finnish. 

All  other. 

58.0 

7.7 

7.1 

12.7 

2.1 

9.2 

2.9 

0.1 

The  State 

Bereen 

Burlington 

15.0 
85.0 
50.0 
68. 0 
60.0 

80.0 
30.0 
38.0 
75.0 

55.0 
83.0 
59.1 
55.0 

5.0 

6.0 
10.0 

40.0 

15.0 

20.0 

5.'6" 

60.0 

Cumberland 

Essei 

Gloucester 

Hunterdon 

io.'o' 

i6.'6' 

10.0 
10.0 

5.0 

10.0 

4.0 

5.0 

10.0 
10.0 
0.9 
5.0 

15. 0' 

25.'6" 

5.'6' 

io.o 

6.0 

25.0 

2.0 

2.0 

20.0 

12.0 
10.0 

Mlddlese.x 

Monmouth 

15.0 
5.0 

10.0 

3.0 

Morris 

7.0 

5.1 
5.0 

30.0 
15.0 

1.9 

0.5 
20.0 

2.4 

Total  number  of  persons  in  families  in  New  Jersey  of  which  the  names  of  heads  indicate  specified  nationality,  com- 
puted upon  the  basis  of  estimMed  proportions  in  1790. 


COUNTY. 

Total. 

English 

and 
Welsh. 

Scotch. 

Irish. 

Dutch. 

French. 

German. 

Hebrew. 

Swedish 

and 
Finnish. 

AH  other. 

The  State 

169,954 

98,620 

13,156 

12,099 

21,581 

3,665 

15,678 

5,006 

249 

Bergen -  — 

Burlington 

10.108 
17.270 
2,416 
7.990 
16,454 

12.830 
18,661 
14.498 
14,969 

15.532 
9.891 
10,339 
18,996 

1,516 
14,679 
1,208 
5,433 
9,873 

10,264 
6,599 
&,(■■<» 

11,227 

8,543 
8,210 
6,111 
10,448 

606 

505 
1,727 

4,043 

1,516 

2,022 

864 

1,208 

959 

Cumberland 

799 
1,646 

642 

1,866 

580 

749 

1,553 
989 
94 
950 

799 

1,645 

2,468 

823 

Gloucester 

641 

4.666 

290 

299 

3,106 

1,283 

i,866 
4,639 
2,245 

777 

4.665 
2,900 

Middlesex 

Monmouth 

680 
449 

1,553 

692 

628 
950 

3.103 
2,849 

197 

57 
3,799 

249 

The  estimates  referred  to  place  the  percentage  of 
Dutch  in  the  total  population  of  New  Jersey  higher 
than  actually  existed  in  1790  anywhere  else  in  the 


United  States,  even  in  New  York.  This,  however,  does 
not  discredit  the  estimate  as  New  Jersey  was  part  of 
the  early  Dutch  settlement. 


immigration  of  other  nationalities  had  set  in,  and  in  that  year  the  population  was  approximately  as  follows:  French,  5  per  cent;  Scotch, 
10  per  cent;  Irish,  10  per  cent;  Dutch,  15  per  cent;  English,  60  per  cent. 

Gloucester. — This  county  was  settled  originally  by  the  Swedes.  Afterwards  there  was  an  infiux,  principally  of  English,  with  some 
slight  admixture  of  Welsh.  In  1790  the  population  was  approximately  as  follows:  Swedes,  10  per  cent;  Welsh,  5  per  cent;  Germans,  5 
per  cent;  Irish,  5  per  cent;  English,  75  per  cent. 

Hunterdon. — This  county  was  originally  settled  by  English  from  Burlington  county.  About  1715  there  was  a  considerable  immigra- 
tion of  Germans,  who  came  from  the  ralatinate  and  elsewhere  in  Germany,  being  rnembers  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  There  was  also  a 
considerable  immigration  from  northern  New  Jersey,  principally  Bergen  county,  and  also  from  Monmouth  and  Somerset  counties,  and 
from  Long  Island.  In  1790  the  population  was  approximately  as  follows:  Gernians,  25  percent;  Dutch,  25  per  cent;  Irish  (working  in 
the  mines  and  on  farms),  10  per  cent;  Scotch,  10  per  cent;  English,  30  per  cent. 

J/idrfZcscx.— This  county  was  settled  originally  by  the  English.  About  1685  there  was  a  considerable  importation  of  Scotch.  About 
1690-1730,  the  Dutch  came  in.  In  1790  the  population  was  made  up  about  as  follows:  Dutch,  20  percent;  Scotch,  20  per  cent;  Germans, 
5  per  cent;  Irish,  5  per  cent;  French,  2  per  cent;  English,  48  per  cent. 

i/o?i»ioi///( .— This  county  was  originally  settled  by  the  English,  but  before  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century  there  was  a  considerable 
influx  of  Dutch,  principally  from  Long  Island.  Some  of  the  Scotch  settlers  of  Middlesex  also  drifted  in.  In  1790  the  population  was 
approximately  as  follows:  Scotch,  15  per  cent;  Irish,  5  per  cent;  French,  3  per  cent;  Germans,  2  per  cent;  English,  75  per  cent. 

Morris.— This  county  was  settled  early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  say  1710-1720,  by  English  and  Germans  in  almost  equal  proportions. 
Afterwards  Dutch  drifted  in.  About  1765  there  was  a  further  influx  of  German  miners  from  Bavaria,  and  from  then  on  Irish  workmen  were 
attracted  to  the  mines.  In  1790  the  population  was  approximately  as  follows:  Irish,  10  per  cent;  Scotch,  5  per  cent;  Dutch,  10  per  cent; 
Germans,  20  per  cent;  English,  55  per  cent. 

Salem.— This  county  was  originally  settled,  about  1675,  by  English,  with  a  slight  infusion  from  Ireland  and  Wales.  There  were  also 
Bome  Swedes  and  Finns  from  the  original  settlers,  about  1635.  The  population  underwent  very  slight  changes  until  1790,  when  it  stood 
about  as  follows:  Finns,  2  per  cent ;  Swedes,  5  per  cent;  Irish,  10  per  cent;  Welsh,  5  per  cent;  English,  78  per  cent. 

Somerset  .—This,  county  was  analyzed  by  the  Census  Office  from  the  list  of  freeholders  in  1790.  I  would  have  said  that  Somerset  had: 
Scotch,  10  per  cent;  Irish,  3  per  cent;  French,  2  per  cent;  Germans,  5  per  cent. 

-Smssct.— This  county  was  originally  settled  early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  or  perhaps  late  in  the  seventeenth  century,  by  Dutch 
from  New  Y  ork  fftate.  Then  English  settlers  came  in  from  Burlington  and  Hunterdon  counties;  also  Germans  from  Hunterdon  county; 
about  1765  German  miners  from  Bavana,  and  Irish  laborers  in  the  mines,  with  some  slight  infusion  of  Scotch  also.  In  1790,  I  should 
say  the  population  was  about  as  follows:  Irish,  5  per  cent;  Scotch,  5  per  cent;  Germans,  20  per  cent;  Dutch,  15  per  cent;  English,  55  per 
cent. 

WiLLi.\M  Nelson. 


NATIONALITY. 


121 


The  composition  of  the  white  population  of  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  and  of  the  district  subsequently  erected 
into  the  state  of  Tennessee,  is  also  unknown;  but 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  Georgia  was  a  distinctly 
English  colony,  and  tliat  Tennessee  and  Kentucky 
were  settled  largely-  from  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
the  application  of  the  North  Carolina  proportions  to 


the  white  population  of  these  three  results  in  what  is 
doubtless  an  approximation  of  the  actual  distribution. 
Utilizing  for  tlio  states  and  territories  for  which 
the  1790  schedules  are  missing,  tiio  proportions 
secured  as  above  indicated,  the  foUowuig  summary 
results: 


Table  47.-C0MPUTED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  EACH  STATE  FOR  WHICH  SCHEDULES  ARE 

MISSING,  ACCORDING  TO  NATIONALITY:  1790. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

DELAWASI. 

j            CEOBQIA.                      KENTDCKY. 

TCmiEanK. 

Number.  Percent. 

Number. 

Percent. 

Number. 

Per  cent.  '  Number. '  Per  cent. 

1             ! 

Nimiber.  \  Percent. 

166,064  1       100.0 

46,310 

IW.O 

62,886 

100. 0 

61.133  1      ino  n 

1                           ! 

English 

98,620 
13,166 
12,099 
21,681 

3,566 
15,678 

6,266 

68.0 
7.7 
7.1 

12.7 
2.1 
9.2 
3.1 

39,966 
3,473 
1,S06 
463 
Ji2 
115 
185 

M.3 
7.6 
3* 
1.6 
«.t 
«.4 
•.4 

43,948 

1        6,923 

1,216 

'             106 

16* 

1,481 

63 

83.1 
11.2 
2.3 
0.2 
6.3 
2.1 
•.1 

1      60.802 

1        6.S47 

;         1,400 

IK 

113 

1,712 

61 

0.2 
0.3 
2.8 
0.1 

Irish 

;.<4 

64 
•6 
8»4 
32 

2:3 
0.2 
0.3 
2.8 
0.1 

Dutch 

flflrman    . 

All  Other' 

'  Includes  Hebrew. 


NATIONALITY   OF    TOTAL   WIIITK    POPUL.\TION    IN    1790 
AND   OF    WHITE    NATIVE    STOCK    IX    1900. 

The  above  figures  maj"  be  accepted  as  representing 
the  actual  proportions  with  sufficient  accuracy  to 
justify  computing  the  distribution  by  nationality  for 
the  total  white  population  of  the  United  States  as  it 
existed  in  1790.     The  result  is  as  follows: 

Table  48. — Number  and  per  cent  distribution  of  the  white  popula- 
tion according  to  nationality:  1790. 


AXEA  COVEKED. 

Number. 

Percent. 

All  natlonalitips 

3,172,444 

160.0 

English           

2,605,699 
221,602 
61,534 
78,959 
17,619 
176,407 
10,  WH 

82.1 

Scotch                                                         

7.0 

Irish 

1.9 

Dutch                                                .          

2.6 

0.6 

6.6 

0.3 

In  a  preceding  cliaptor  the  number  of  descendants 
of  wliite  persons  enumerated  at  the  First  Census  lias 
been  established  as  approximately  35,000,000  in  1900. 
While  it  is  not  to  be  expected  that  tiie  exact  pro- 
portions of  nationalities  indicated  above  as  existing  in 
1790  have  been  maintained  in  the  native  population, 
it  is  interesting  to  note  tliat  were  the  proportions 
contributed  by  the  different  nationahties  composing 
the  native  population  the  same  in  1900  as  they  were  in 
1790,  tlie  3."),000,000  would  have  been  distributed  as 
sho^vn  in  Table  49. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  it  is  probable  that  the  native 
populiilion  in  recording  an  increase  of  nearly  700  per 
cent  during  the  century  has  departed  somewhat  from 
the  proportions  shown  at  the  outset.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  the  analysis  ui  a  preceding  chapter 


showed  the  addition  in  1900  of  32,000,000  of  white 
persons  arriving  after  the  First  Census,  either  foreign 
born  tliemselves  or  of  foreign  parentage.  It  lias  also 
been  pointed  out  that  the  foreign  stock  is  probably 
increasing  with  greater  rapidity  than  tiie  native. 
Whatever  the  proportionate  increa.se  may  be,  liowever, 
between  the  two  elements,  it  is  of  these  two  rather 
diverse  strains  that  the  white  population  of  the 
United  States  is  at  present  composed. 

Table  49. —  While  native  stock  in  1900  distribxued  by  nalionalily 
according  to  proportions  shown  for  1790. 


NATtONALnr. 

Population. 

All  nationalities 

35,000,000 

English 

28.735,000 

2,460.000 

Irish 

665.000 

Dutch 

875,000 

210,000 

1,960,000 

A  U  other 

105,000 

NATIONALITY    IN    1000    I\    TYPICAL    COUNTIES. 

In  order  to  illustrate  tlie  change  which  has  been 
in  progress  during  the  century,  an  analysis  was  made 
by  nationaUt}^  of  the  names  upon  the  1900  schedules 
of  Hartford  county,  Conn.,'  and  of  Columbia  county, 
N.  Y.,  which  were  regarded  as  typical  urban  and 
rural  counties, respectively.  Bothremained  practically 
unchanged  in  boundary  from  1790  to  1900.  By  apply- 
ing the  same  method  of  analysis  to  the  names  upon 
the  schedules  of  the  Twelfth  Census  as  was  apjilied  to 
those  upon  the  schedules  of  1790,  and  by  which  the 
results  presented  in  the  preceding  tables  were  secured, 
the  nationahty  of  the  white  population  of  the  2  coun- 
ties mentioned  was  composed  in  1900  as  is  shown  in 
Table  50: 


'  See  page  123. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  DIFFERENT  NATIONALITIES  IN  1790,  BY  STATES. 


(V.     x^ 

SCOTCH 

r\ 

v^ 

\ 

j  V 

(^ 

~^4 

'z^ 

3     V 

)  ,e 

Y      > 

-^ 

/ 

LL 

\ 

V 

f\                        J^'—^                 GERiVlAN 

/^ 

V^X^      V 

/  V 

\jnfi 

:/W 

uj!i 

^ 

\j^  J  _ 

/"       /^ 

'                  ^                     \r^ 

-     jj 

Q]  LMS  TH»»    .   «»  CEHT       ^JTO.OPMC£NT      ^g  .  O  TO    51    Pt»  CENT       g^  J6  TO   50    PEB  CENT 


I  50   PER  CENT    AND  OVER 


NATIONALrrV. 


123 


Table  50.-WHITE  POPULATION  OF  HARTFORD  COINTY,  CO.N.N.,  AND  OF  rOLl'MBIA  COrXTY    \   Y    CI  ASSIFIFH 
BY  NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  BY  NAMES  OF  HEADS  OF  iSlUES   iS^  AND  1900  '  "'^^'''"^^ 


NATIONAUTY. 


All  nationalities. 
British 


English. 
Scotch . . 
Irish.... 


Dutch 

French 

German . . , 
Another*. 


>  Principally  French  Canadian. 


HAKTroBD  COUNTY,  COMN. 


17S0 


Population. 


37,498 


37,429 


36,239 
956 
234 

21 
42 


Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 


100.0 


99.8 


96.6 
2.6 
0.6 

0.1 

ai 


(•) 


1900 


Population. 


192,108 


134,860 


75,891 

7,300 

51,869 

576 
■6,532 
23,4.37 
28,703 


Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 


100.0 


OOLVMBU  OODNTT,  K.  T. 


1790 


Population 


25,811 


IMO 


Percent 
distrlbu-    Population, 
tlon. 


41,779 


70.2 


39.4 

3.8 

27.0 

0.3 
3.4 

12.2 
13.9 


20,847 


20,183 
521 
143 

4,710 
118 
102 
34 


I 


80.8  I         29,852 


78.2 
2.0 
0.6 

182 
0.5 
0.4 
0.1 


22,998 
1,337 
5,517 

2,642 

762 

7,196 

1,337 


Percent 

distrlbu. 

tlon. 


71.4 


65.0 
3.2 
13.2 

6.3 
1.8 
17.2 
3.2 


•Includes  Hungarians,  Italians,  Roumanians,  Russians,  Scandinavians,  etc. 

In  Hartford  county  tlio  population,  wliich  in  1790 
was  almost  exclusively  British,  shows  a  reduction  in 
that  respect  of  nearly  one-third  in  1900  in  favor  of 
other  nationalities:  while  within  the  British  element 
the  English  stock,  which  completely  overshadowed 
the  other  two  elements  in  1790  has  shrunk  to  scarcelj^ 
more  than  one-third,  but  tlie  Irish  has  greatly  in- 
creased. Indeed,  the  increase  in  the  latter  element 
represents  a  change  from  not  more  than  500  in  1790 
(including  the  Scotch-Irish)  to  more  than  50,000  in 
1900.  It  Ls  worthy  of  note  also  that  the  British  ele- 
ment, which  in  1790  was  much  greater  in  Hartford 
county  than  in  Columbia,  has  decreased  to  approxi- 
mately 70  per  cent  in  both;  ami  other  changes,  such 


■  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

as  the  increase  in  German  and  other  nationalities  in 
the  community  at  the  expense  of  the  British  element 
as  a  whole,  and  increase  in  the  Irish  stock  at  the 
expense  of  the  English  or  original  stock,  have  also 
been  characteristic  of  both  counties. 

The  changes  indicated  in  these  2  counties  are  in- 
teresting, and  probably  are  typical  of  the  ciianges 
which  have  been  in  progress  in  all  the  Northern  states 
in  the  original  area. 

SLAVEHOLDING,    BY    NATIONALITY. 


The  average   number  of  slaves  per  family  for  the 
several  nationalities  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Table  51 — NUMBER  OF  WIUTE  FA.MILIES,  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NONSLAVEHOLDIXG,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO 
NATIONALITY,  WITH  NUMBER  OF  WHITE  PERSONS  AND  OF  SLAVES  REPORTED  FOR  SUCH  FAMILIES:  1790. 


WHITE 

rAHIUES. 

WHTTE  PEKSONS. 

SLATES. 

NATIONAUTY. 

Total 
number. 

Slave- 
holding. 

Konsla\-e- 
bolding. 

Per  cent 
slavehold- 
Ing  families 

formed 
of  all 

Total 
number. 

Average 
number 

per 
family. 

Total 
number. 

Average 
number 

slave- 
holding 

Number 

per  100 

of  all 

tamiUu. 

All  nationalities 

405,475 

47.064 

357,311 

11.8 

2,324,339 

5.7 

311,919 

6.6 

77 

English  and  Welsh 

336,651 
27,250 
6.285 
9,399 

1,913 

23,300 

213 

464 

38,146 

4,362 

962 

2,625 

589 

871 

33 

76 

298,505 
22.888 
5,323 
6,774 

1,324 

22,429 

180 

388 

11.3 
16.0 
15  3 
27.9  ' 

30.8 
3.7 
15.5 
16.4 

1,933.218 
153.458 
34.0S9 
55.006 

10.444 

133.032 

1,198 

2,734 

5.7 
iO 
65 
69 

65 
6.7 
66 
5.9 

258,684 
27,570 
6.578 
8.906 

6,567 

3,079 

157 

378 

as 

6.3 
6.8 
3.4 

U.l 
3.6 
4.8 
S.0 

77 

Scotch 

101 

Irish ..                      .  ... 

105 

Dutch 

96 

343 

German ... 

13 

74 

Another 

81 

It  is  necessary,  in  consulting  the  foregoing  table,  to 
bear  in  mind  the  fact  that  in  some  instances  the  pro- 
porlioas  are  misleading.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
average  number  of  slaves  por  family  are  largest  for 
families  of  French  origin.  This  is  accounted  for  by 
the  fact  that  the  total  number  of  families  of  obviously 
French  origin  in  the   United  States  was  small,  and 


that  a  large  proportion  of  such  families  were  located 
in  South  Carolina,  the  state  in  which  the  average 
number  of  slaves  per  family  was  highest.  It  is  not 
surprising,  therefore,  that  the  French  families  led  in 
the  proportion  which  slaveholding  families  formed 
of  total  families — nearly  one-third  were  slaveholders. 
This  nationality,   lu)wevor,   was  closely   followed   by 


124 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


the  old  Dutch  famihes  of  New  York,  who  still  con- 
tinued to  possess  slaves  at  the  period  under  consider- 
ation. It  is  significant  that  the  smallest  proportion 
is  sho^vn  b}"  the  GermaiLs,  who  even  at  this  early 
period  were  obviously  opposetl   to  slave  ownership. 


Had  the  proportion  of  slaves  for  the  entire  white 
population  of  the  United  States  in  1790  been  the  same 
as  it  was  for  the  German  element,  the  aggregate  num- 
ber of  slaves  at  the  First  Census  would  have  been 
but  52,520,  instead  of  approximately  700,000. 


XII.  INTERSTATE  MIGRATION. 


ANALYSIS  OF  POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVI- 
SION OF  RESIDENCE  AND  OF  BIRTH— DECREASE  IN  CONTRIBU- 
TION   OF    ORIGINAL   AREA    TO    POPULATION    OF    ADDED  AREA. 


Facilities  for  transportation  to  all  parts  of  the 
Union  are  so  great  that  the  inhabitants  of  one  sec- 
tion are  able  to  migrate  to  another,  even  at  great 
distance,  with  comparatively  small  expenditure,  in- 
convenience, or  delay.  In  consequence  many  per- 
sons change  their  place  of  abode  so  freely  that  in 
every  state  reside  natives  of  practically  every  other 
state  of  the  Union. 

Classification  of  the  white  population,  by  nativity 
and  parentage  is  possible  only  for  1890  and  1900;  but 
the  returns,  though  covering  only  one  decade,  prove 
of  interest  when  further  classified  as  for  the  area  enu- 
merated in  1790  and  the  added  area.  The  following 
summary  analyzes  the  native  white  population  of 
native  parentage  in  continental  United  States  accord- 
ing to  areas  of  residence  ami  of  birth : 


NATIVE  WHITE  POPtJLATION  OF  NATIVE  PAR- 
ENTAGE  BORN  IN    SPECIFIED  AREA. 

ABEA  OF  KESinENCE. 

United 
States.i 

Area  enu- 
merated 
In  1790. 

State  or 
Added       territory 
area.i        of  bIrtb 
unknown. 

1S90 

Continental  United  States. . 

34.358,348 

18,884,378     16,217,257 

256,713 

16,458.185 
17,900,163 

16,077,2l-.8 
2,807,110 

287.409 
14,929,848 

93.508 

Added  area 

163,205 

1900 

Continental  United  States. . 

40,949,362 

21,037,083     19,772,003        140,270 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

Added  urea 

18,926,020 
22,023,342 

18,435,940  1        440.927 
2,601,1.43  1  19.331,070 

49,153 
91,123 

1 

>  IncluciinK  persons  bom  In  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Philippine  Islands, and  Porto  Rico; 
persons  born  at  sea  under  the  United  States  Hag;  and  American  cltliens  lx)m 
abroad. 

The  natives  of  the  original  area  outnumbered  those 
of  the  added  area  by  more  than  3, .500, 000  persons  in 
1890,  and  by  about  1,250,000  in  1900.  The  natives 
of  the  two  sections  are  thus  tendmg  toward  equality 
in  numbers.  Of  greater  significance  is  the  change 
apparently  in  progress  in  the  number  of  persons  born 
in  one  area  and  resident  in  tlie  other.  The  heavy 
contribution  of  the  original  area  to  the  population  of 
the  added  area  decreased,  while  the  much  smaller 
contribution  of  the  added  area  to  the  original  area 
increased,  and  by  approximately  the  same  number  as 
the  falling  off  shown  by  the  original  area. 


It  can  not  be  assumed  that  the  change  here  noted 
as  in  progress  in  1000,  in  comparison  with  similar 
returns  for  1S90,  has  lieen  of  long  duration;  the  large 
number  of  persons  shown  in  1900  as  l)orn  in  the  older 
states  and  resident  in  the  newer  is  tlie  living  aggregate 
of  the  generous  decennial  contribution  b}-  the  original 
states  to  the  upbuilding  of  innumerable  communities 
in  the  South  and  Southwest.  This  contribution  must 
have  increa.sed,  witli  little  interruption, for  many  years; 
while,  on  tlie  other  hand,  the  number  of  persons  bom 
in  the  added  area  and  resident  in  the  original  area 
must  have  been  almost  negligible  in  number  even  so 
late  as  1.880.  The  rather  significant  change  here  indi- 
cated prompts  further  anah'sis  by  geographic  divi- 
sions in  Tables  52  and  53. 

In  1890  approximatel}'  one-tenth  as  many  persons 
born  in  the  added  area  were  resident  in  the  area 
enumerateti  in  1790  as  were  born  in  the  latter  area 
and  resided  in  the  former;  by  1900  the  ratio  had 
changed  to  approximately  one-sixth,  as  a  result  of 
marked  increase  (amounting  to  nearly  one-half)  in  the 
number  of  persons  born  in  the  added  area  and  residing 
in  the  original  area.  All  of  the  3  geographic  divi- 
sions of  the  added  area  contributed  iiureasingly  of 
their  native  born  to  the  population  of  the  original  area. 

The  change  here  shown  is  confirmed  by  an  exami- 
nation of  the  per  cent  distril)ution  tif  the  residents  of 
each  area  according  to  birth|)lace.  The  proportion  of 
the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  born  in  each  divi- 
sion of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  and  living  in  each 
division  of  the  added  area  was  less  in  1900  than  in  lS!tO; 
on  the  other  hand,  the  proportion  living  in  each  divi- 
sion of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790  and  born  in  the 
Northern  states  of  the  added  area  iiKTeased.  and  the 
corresponding  proportions  for  the  Southern  and  West- 
ern states  of  the  added  area  either  increased  or  re- 
mained stationary. 

In  observing  the  percentages  of  int  rease  given  below, 
it  should  be  remembered  that  the  increase  of  popula- 
tion born  in  the  area  of  residence  is  natural  increase, 
while  the  only  .source  of  increase  of  migrant  population 
is  continued  inimigraticm.  The  larger  the  number  of 
persons  already  in  the  class,  the  larger  must  be  the  loss 
tlirough  death  aiul  the  consequent  requirement  for 
new  arrivals  to  make  good  the  decrease  thus  occa- 
sioned. 

(125) 


126 


A  CENTURY   OF   POPULATION   GROWTH. 


T.BT  5-'  -NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE  LIVING  IN  SPECIFIED  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS 
■-     ^-     '"'}--..":.. ^ „    DISTRIBUTED  ACCORDING  TO  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISION  OF  BIRTH:   1890 


OF  THE  AREA  ENUMERATED  IN  1790, 
AND  1900. 


NATIVE  WHITE  POPtlLATlON  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE  LIVING  IN  SPECIFIED  GEOGRAPHIC 
DIVISIONS  OF  THE  AREA  ENUMERATED  IN  1790. 

Number. 

Per  cent  distribution. 

GE0GR.U"I1IC  DIVISION   OF  BIRTH. 

Area 
enumer- 
ated in 

1790. 

New 
England. 

Middle 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

Area 
enumer- 
ated in 
1790. 

New 
England. 

Middle 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

1890 

I'ulted  States 

16,364,677 

2,422.429 

6.508,486 

7,433,762 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Continental  Inited Stales 

16,362,866 

2,421,697 

6.507,517 

7,433.652 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

16,077,268 
285,698 

2,400,690 
21,007 

6,422,837 
84,680 

7,253,741 
179,911 

98. 2 
1.7 

99.1 
0.9 

98.7 
1.3 

97.6 

Added  area 

2.4 

211,295 
67.409 
6,894 

1,811 

17,299 
1,720 
1,988 

732 

76,285 
5,110 
3,285 

969 

117,711 

60,  579 

1,621 

110 

1.3 

0.4 

C) 

0.7 
0.1 
0.1 

1.2 
0.1 
0.1 

(') 

1.6 

0.8 

(') 

(') 

1900 

United  States 

18,876,867 

2.500,345  1    7,498,970 

8,877,552 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Continental  United  States 

18, 862, 177 

2,493,559  |     7,491,938 

8,876,680 

99.9 

99.7 

99.9 

100.0 

18,435,940 
426,237 

2,460,114 
33,445 

7,347,966 
143,972 

8,627,860 
248,820 

97.7 
2.3 

98.4 
1.3 

98.0 
1.9 

97.2 

Added  area 

2.8 

313,784 
98,822 
13,631 

14,690 

27,474 
2.464 
3,507 

6,786 

128, 784 
8.298 
6.890 

7,032 

157, 526 

88,060 

3,234 

872 

1.7 
0.5 
0.1 

0.1 

1.1 
0.1 
0.1 

0.3 

1.7 
0.1 
0.1 

0.1 

1.8 

1.0 

C>) 

(') 

■  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Table  53.— NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE  LIVING  IN  SPECIFIED  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS 
OF  THE  ADDED  AREA  WITHIN  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES,  DISTRIBUTED  ACCORDING  TO  GEOGRAPHIC 
DIVISION  OF  BIRTH:   1890  AND  1900. 


NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE  LIVING  IN  SPECIFIED  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS 
OF  THE  ADDED  AREA  WITHIN  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES. 

Number. 

Per  cent  distribution. 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIO.X  OF  BIRTH. 

Added 

area  within 

continental 

United 

States. 

Northern 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

Western 
states. 

Added 
area 
within 
conti- 
nental 
United 
States. 

Northern 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

Western 
states. 

1S90 

United  States...     . 

17,736,958 

12,148,750 

4,131,477 

1,456,731 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Continental  United  States 

17,733,492 

12, 146, 159 

4,131,309  1     1,456,024 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

2,807,110 

1,859,533 

645,750 

301,827 

15.8 

15.3 

15.6 

20.7 

311,811 
1,172,475 
1,322,824 

14,926,382 

3,466 

222, 608 
998,878 
638,047 

10,286,626 

2,591 

11,287 

31,518 

602, 945 

3,485,559 

168 

77,916 
142,079 
81,832 

1,154,197 

707 

1.8 
6.6 
7.5 

84.2 

(>) 

1.8 
8.2 
5.3 

84.7 

0) 

0.3 
0.8 
14.6 

84.4 

5.3 

Middle  states 

9.8 

Southern  states 

5  6 

79.2 

Outlying  districts 

{') 

1900 

United  States 

21,932,219 

14,094,381 

5,840,231 

1,997,607 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100  0 

Continental  United  States 

21,914,451 

14,082,591 

5,839,063 

1,992,797 

99.9 

99.9 

100.0 

99  8 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

2,601,143 

1,508,299 

721,626 

311,218 

11.9 

11.1 

12.4 

New  England 

245, 609 

999,810 

1,355,724 

19,313,308 

17,768 

161,991 

818,  ass 

587,623 

12,514,292 

11,790 

10,411 
35,864 
675,351 

5,117,437 

1,168 

73,207 
145,261 
92, 750 

1,681,579 

4,810 

1.1 

4.6 
6.2 

88.1 

0.1 

1.1 
5.8 

4.2 

88.8 
0.1 

0.2 
0.6 
11.6 

87.6 

(') 

3  7 

Middle  states 

Soutlieru  states 

4  6 

Added  area 

84.2 
0.2 

Outlying  districts...-. 

1  Less  than  ono-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


INTERSTATE  MIGRATION. 


127 


The  percentages  of  increase  from  1890  to  1000  in  the 
native  white  por.son.s  of  native  parentage  Hving  in  the 
area  enumerated  in  1700  and  in  tiie  added  area,  are  as 
follows : 


PER  CENT  or  INCREASE,  1890  TO  1900,  FOB 
NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OP  NATIVE 
PARENTAGE   LIVING  IN  THE  AREA  ENU- 


GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISION  OF   BIRTil. 

CU  IN  1(»0. 

Total. 

New 
England. 

Middle 
stales. 

Southern 
states. 

I'nltcd  Stales       

15.4 

3.2 

15.2 

19.4 

Continental  United  States 

15.3 
14.7 
49.2 

3.0 

15.1 

19.4 

.\rea  enumeratod  in  1790 

2.5 

59.2 

14.4 

70.0 

18.9 
38.3 

.\ddc<l  area      

Xorlhpm  slates 

48.5 
46.6 
97.7 

7U.2 

58. 8 
43.3 
76.4 

827.0 

GS.8 
B2.4 
109.7 

625.7 

33.8 
45,4 
99.5 

692.7 

Western  slates 

Outlying  districts 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISION   OP  BIRTH. 


PEE  CENT  OF  INCREA.SE,  1890  TO  1900.  POR 
NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  NATIVE 
PARENTAGE  LIVING  IN  ADDED  AREA 
WITHIN  fONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES. 


Total. 

Northern 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

Western 
stales. 

United  States 

23.7 

16.0 

41.4 

Continental  United  States 

23.6 

15.9 

41.3 

'7.3 

•15.7 

11.8 

'21.2 

"14.7 

2.5 

29.4 

412.6 

127.2 

118.0 

17.9 

21.7 

355.0 

'7.8 
13.8 
12.0 

46.8 

595.2 

Middle  states 

2  '' 

45  7 

580  3 

1  Decrease. 

Inspection  of  the  first  of  the  foregoing  summaries 
shows  that  the  percentage  of  increase  in  the  number  of 
white  persons  of  native  parentage  born  and  H\Tng  in 
the  New  England  states  is  practical!}'  negligible,  while 
the  corresponding  percentage  for  the  number  born  and 
living  in  the  Southern  states  is  almost  as  great  as  the 
percentage  of  increase  in  the  total  population  of  the 
United  States  during  the  decade.  In  marked  contrast 
to  the  small  native  increase  shown  in  the  New  P^ngland 
and  Middle  states  is  that  of  persons  born  in  the  added 
area  and  resident  in  the  two  sections  specified.  Con- 
tinuance of  such  large  percentages  would  represent  a 


significant  population  change.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
changes  indicateii  by  the  second  summary  prove  to  be 
the  reverse  of  those  shown  by  the  first. 

A  class  of  citizens  aggregating  nearly  3,000,000,  aa 
tloes  the  great  body  of  natives  born  in  the  original  area 
but  living  in  the  atlded  area,  will  lose,  in  a  decade,  not 
less  than  400,000  of  their  number  through  death;  in 
addition,  a  number— po.s.sibly  not  large,  but  sullicient 
to  exert  some  influence— will  return  to  their  native 
area  or  depart  from  the  country.  Hence,  in  order 
merely  to  maintain  the  e.xact  number  previoasly 
enumerated,  by  making  good  the  lo.ss,  appro.xiniately 
500,000  persons  must  remove  from  the  original  area  to 
the  added  area.  Additions  beyond  this  number  would 
constitute  increase  in  the  class;  the  decline  during  the 
decade  from  1890  to  1900  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
additions  were  not  sufficient  to  make  good  tlie  losses, 
from  whatever  cause. 

There  are  doubtless  other  factors  at  work  in  connec- 
tion with  migration  back  and  forth  between  the 
original  area  and  the  addetl  area.  Attention  has 
already  been  called  to  the  remarkable  decrease  in  the 
fecundity  of  the  native  stock  in  the  original  area.  A 
decreasing  proportion  in  this  cla,ss  must  necessarily 
lead  to  a  decrease  in  the  departures.  Furthermore, 
some  influence  is  exerted  by  the  tendency  toward 
equilibrium  of  opportunity  between  the  West  and  the 
East,  now  resulting  from  the  general  settlement  of 
those  areas  in  the  West  and  Northwest  that  formerly 
offered  unlimited  opportunity  anil  attraction  to  the 
more  ventiu-esome  and  ambitious  among  the  natives 
of  the  older  states. 

The  changes  here  pointed  out  are  doubtless  contrary 
in  part  to  those  which  are  popularly  believed  to  be  in 
progress.  They  are  further  confirmetl  by  the  known 
fact  that  there  is  an  increa.sing  tendency,  on  the  part  of 
natives  of  the  newer  states  of  the  West  and  Southwest 
who  have  accumulated  largo  fortunes,  to  seek  the 
financial  and  business  centers  of  the  East  for  residence 
and  investment.  Accessibility  to  the  seaboard — an 
important  consideration  in  the  establishment  of  early 
settlements — is  doubtless  still  an  influential  factor,  as 
facilitating  travel  and  quick  communication  with 
other  parts  of  the  world. 


XIII.     FOREIGN  BORN  POPULATION. 

PROPORTIONS  CONTRIBUTED  BY  ORIGINAL  AND  ADDED  AREAS- 
CHANGE  IN  CHARACTER  OF  POPULATION— SMALL  PROPORTION 
OF  FOREIGN  BORN    IN  SOUTHERN  STATES— COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH. 


Attention  has  thus  far  been  directed  to  the  distri- 
bution of  the  native  wliite  population,  especially  persons 
of  native  parentage.  Analysis  of  the  changes  wliich 
have  occurred,  as  indicated  in  the  previous  pages, 
shows  that  the  total  population  of  the  original  area 
has  increased  steadily  since  the  First  Census,  to  a  total 
of  approximately  35,000,000 ;  while  that  of  the  added 
area  increased  during  the  earlier  periods  at  a  much 


become  uniform  with  the  original  area  in  percent- 
age of  increase.  The  aggregate  population  of  the 
added  area  in  1900  was  41,000,000;  hence  there  was 
a  general  similarity  both  in  total  population  and 
in  the  percentage  of  increase  between  the  older  and 
newer  sections  of  the  country. 

It  will  be  of  interest  at  this  point  to  consider  the 
contribution  of  the  foreign  element  in  each  of  the 
two  areas. 


more  rapid  rate,   but  in  the   last   decade  tended  to 

Table  54.-F0REIGN  BORN   POPULATION   IN   EACH   STATE   OF  THE  AREA  ENUMERATED  IN   1790,  AND  IN  THE 

ADDED  AREA  OF  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES:  1850  TO  1900. 


STATE. 

1850  > 

1860  > 

]$;o 

1880 

1890! 

1900 

Continental  United  States 

2,244,602 

4,138,697 

5,567,229 

6,679,943 

9,249,547 

10,341,276 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

1,466,806 

2,264,121 

2,7ia.l97 

3.055.088 

4,153,155 

5,022.989 

,306,249 

469,330 

648,001 

793,612 

1,142,432 

1,445.237 

31,825 
14,265 
33,715 
164,024 
23,902 
38,518 

1.024,547 

37,453 
20,938 
32, 743 
260,106 
37,394 
80,696 

1,563,740 

48,881 
29,611 
47,155 

353,319 
55,390 

113,039 

1,881.741 

58.883 
46,294 
40.959 

443. 491 
73,993 

129,992 

2,030,376 

78,961 
72, 340 
44,088 
657,137 
106,305 
183,601 

2,758,906 

93,330 

88.107 

44. 747 

846.324 

134.519 

238,210 

Middle  states 

3,331,369 

New  York  

655,929 

59,948 

303, 417 

6,253 

136,010 

1,001,280 

122,790 

430, 505 

9,165 

231,051 

1,138,353 

188,943 

545,309 

9,136 

235, 455 

1,211,379 

221.700 

687.829 

9,468 

231.100 

1,571,050 
328,975 

845,720 
13,161 

251,817 

1,900,425 

431,884 

985,250 

13,810 

246,383 

M'-irvIiinrl  nnt\  Dktript  ni  f/iliiTTihin 

58, 176 
22,985 
2,581 
8,707 
0,488 
31,420 
5,653 

777,796 

90,013 
35,058 
3,298 
9,986 
11,671 
59, 799 
21,226 

1,874,576 

99,666 
30,845 
3,029 
8,074 
11.127 
63.398 
19,316 

2, 802. 032 

99, 928 
32.961 
3.742 
7,686 
10.564 
59,517 
16,702 

3, 624, 855 

113,066 
37,257 
3,702 
6,270 
12.137 
59,356 
20,029 

5,096,392 

114.053 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

41,912 

4.492 

South  Carolina 

5.528 

12.403 

50,249 

Tennessee* 

17,746 

5,318,287 

'  Corrected  fiEures  as  Kiven  in  Ninth  Census  Report  on  Population,  Table  iv. 

2  Exclusive  o(  Indian  Territory  and  Indian  reservations. 

3  Entire  state. 

*  Designated  as  "Southwest  Territory ' '  in  1790  Census  Report. 


Beginning  with  a  total  foreign  born  population  of 
approximately  2,250,000  in  1850,  the  number  had 
more  than  quadrupled  by  1900.  Approximately  two- 
thirds  of  the  foreign  born  enumerated  at  the  census 
of  1850  were  reported  as  residing  in  the  area  enum- 
erated at  the  First  Census,  the  remaining  one-third 
being  scattered  in  the  great  extent  of  country  com- 
prised in  the  newer  states  and  territories.  The  rela- 
tionship thus  indicated  changed  with  great  rapidity 
at  the  succeeding  censuses. 
(128) 


YEAB. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF 
THE  TOTAL  FOR- 
EIGN  BORN. 

Original 
area. 

Added 
area. 

1850  .. 

65.3 

54.7 
49.7 
45.7 
44.9 
48.6 

34.7 

1860 

45.3 

1870 

50.3 

1880 

54.3 

1890 

65.1 

1900 

61.4 

FOREIGN  BORN  POPULATION. 


129 


By  1870  the  added  area  contained  a  slight  majority 
of  all  the  foreign  born  reported  at  that  census.  This 
proportion  increased  during  the  ne.xt  twenty  years.  In 
1S90  the  number  of  foreign  born  persons  in  the  added 
area  exceeded  the  number  in  the  original  area  by  more 
than  900,000,  but  the  proportions  for  1900  suggest  that 
a  decided  change  was  in  progress.  Should  the  Thir- 
teenth Census  show  the  same  rates  of  change  for  both 
areas  as  were  shown  from  1890  to  1900,  the  area 
enumerated  in  1790  will  once  more  report  an  excess 
of  the  foreign  born  population. 

Di.\i;HAM    12. — Foreign  horn  population  of  area  enumerated  in  1790 
and  of  added  area:  1S50  to  1900. 


i 

..... 

--' 

t 

> 

/ 

o'^"' 

// 

/ 

/ 

A 

/ 
/ 
/ 

/ 

/ 

3 

• 

• 
• 
• 

/ 

^^'"^ 

;^ 

•  ^^ 

I 

0 

A 

• 

• 

• 

,/ 

/ 
/ 

/ 
/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 
/ 

0 

Table  54  offers  clear  evidence  of  the  change  in  the 
character  of  population  which  is  in  progress  in  the  area 
enumerated  at  the  First  Census.  Although  the  in- 
crease maintained  is  apparently  gratifying,  much  of 
it  is  due  to  accessions  of  foreigners.  T.arge  numbers 
of  immigrants  arriving  in  the  United  States  remain 
in  the  seaboard  cities  or  in  the  older  states,  attracted 
by  the  magnitude  of  industrial  operations  and  the 
dense  population.  It  has  already  been  shown  that 
the  proportion  of  children  in  the  older  sections  of 
the  Republic  is  lower  than  elsewhere;  hence,  while  the 
inhaljitants  of  the  older  states  continue  to  increase 
in  number  to  a  degree  which  gratifies  local  pride,  the 
composition  of  the  population  appears  to  be  under- 
going a  comparatively  rapid  change. 

There  is  another  aspect  of  this  subject,  however, 
which  in  some  respects  is  even  more  significant.  The 
Southern  states  forming  a  part  of  the  original  area,  as 
already  pointed  out  for  the  entire  group,  have  been 


practically  silent  partners  so  far  as  the  subject  of  for- 
eign born  population  is  concerned.  In  1850,  out  of  a 
total  foreign  element  in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790 
of  approximately  1,500,000,  but  i:J3,961  were  reported 
by  the  Southern  states.  Thus  practically  the  entire 
contribution  of  foreign  born  at  the  census  mentioned 
was  made  by  the  New  England  and  Middle  states. 
Fifty  years  later,  in  1900,  persons  of  foreign  birth  con- 
tinued practically  a  negligible  element  in  the  Southern 
states,  while  in  the  centers  of  population  which  had 
reported  them  at  the  earlier  period  their  number 
had  increased  to  nearly  5,000,000.  Therefore  the 
comparison  made  in  the  previous  pages  is  in  reality  a 
comparison  not  of  the  contribution  of  foreign  i)orn 
residing  in  the  original  area,  but  of  the  number  residing 
in  a  portion  of  that  area,  with  the  number  reported 
b}-  all  of  the  states  and  territories  erected  after  the 
First  Census.  Subdivision  of  the  original  area  into 
3  geographic  divisions  reveals  the  following  propor- 
tions at  3  census  periods: 


PER  CENT  DI9TKIBUTION 
or  THE  FOREIGN  BOKH 
POPULATION. 


1860 

1880 

1900 

United  States 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

65.3 

4S.7 

48.6 

13.6 
4S.6 
«.! 

34.7 

11.9 
30.4 
3.4 

M.3 

14.0 

Middle  states 

32.2 

Southero  states 

2  4 

Added  area 

SI  4 

In  each  of  the  2  decades  here  shown  the  Southern 
states  have  reported  a  very  small  and  decreasing  pro- 
portion of  the  total  foreign  element.  On  tiie  other 
hand,  the  New  England  and  Middle  states  together 
reported  59. 3  per  cent  of  all  the  foreign  born  in  the 
United  States  in  1850,  42.3  per  cent  of  all  in  1880, 
and  46.2  per  cent  of  all  in  1 900.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  these  proportions  relate  to  a  total  fi>reign 
boni  population  which  ([uadrupled  in  the  half  century 
under  consideration. 

Table  55.— -Vumftfr  offortign  bom  in  every  1,000  of  the  total  white 
population:  18S0  to  1900. 


OBIOINAL  AREA. 

YEAR. 

Total. 

New 
England 

and 

1  Ulddle 

states. 

Soutb- 

eni 
stales. 

Added 
araa.> 

lis 

147 
1» 
143 
163 
164 

!         ISS 
1« 
207 

;            196 
235 
229 

32 
47 
43 
33 
31 
25 

lis 

1«0 

172 

isso      

1S9 

169 

1900     

143 

•  Computed  on  the  basis  of  the  total  white  population  o(  that  nart  of  coi 
ncntal  UnltiHl  States  not  Included  In  the  original  area;  jiopulallon  of  Indian  Toi 
ton- and  Indian  rrs<T\-nllons  Included  for  llHWonly. 


130 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


It  is  significant  that  the  number  of  foreign  bom 
in  every  1,000  of  white  population  has  sho\vn 
practicall}'  continuous  increase  in  flic  New  England 
and  Middle  states.  The  number  of  native  born  of 
foreign  parentage  bv  geographic  divisions,  a  classifica- 
tion possible  for  the  years  1870,  1890,  and  1900,  was 
as  follows: 

Table  SG.~Number  of  native  born  of  foreign  parentage^  in  each 
1,000  of  the  total  white  population:  1S70,  1S90,  and  1900. 


ORIGINAL  AREA. 

TEAR. 

Total. 

New 

England 

and 

Middle 

states. 

Southern 

states. 

Added 
area. ' 

1870               

150 
190 
214 

193 
253 
289 

52 
55 
54 

169 

1890                    

225 

251 

■  Thisde,=;ignation  comprehends,  (or  1890  and  1900.  all  native  white  persons  having 
either  one  or  both  parents  foreign  born ;  and  for  1870  all  native  bom  of  foreign  paren  ts 
(obtained  by  deducting  the  foreign  born  from  the  total  number  of  persons  having 
one  or  both  parents  foreign).  It  is  assumed  that  in  1S70  the  native  born  of  foreign 
parents  were  white. 

'  Computed  on  the  basis  of  the  total  white  population  of  that  part  of  continental 
United  States  not  enumerated  in  1790;  population  of  Indian  Territory  and  Indian 
reservations  included  for  1900  only. 

Upon  combining  the  number  of  foreign  born  and 
their  native  children,  who  comprise  what  may  be 
termed  the  distinctly  foreign  element,  the  following 
proportion  in  each  1,000  of  white  population  appears: 

Table  51.— Number  of  persons  of  foreign  birth  and  of  native  birth 
and  foreign  parentage,  in  each  1,000  of  the  white  population:  1870, 
1H90,  and  1900. 


ORIGINAL  AREA. 

Added 
area. 

YEAR. 

Total. 

New 
England. 

Middle 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

1870 

306 
3.52 
378 

331 
477 
546 

427 
479 
507 

94 
85 
79 

340 

1890 

393 

1900.    . 

394 

It  will  be  recalled  that,  in  1900,  the  number  of  foreign 
born  in  ever}'  1 ,000  of  the  white  population  was  greater 
in  the  original  area  than  in  the  added  area,  the  for- 
mer having  passed  the  latter  between  1890  and  1900. 
Upon  extending  the  classification  of  the  foreign  ele- 
ment to  include  the  native  born  of  foreign  parents, 
as  shown  above,  the  added  area  continues  to  present 
a  larger  proportion  of  persons  classed  as  of  foreign 
parentage  than  the  original  area,  but  the  increase 
from  1890  to  1900  was  but  1  per  1,000  m  the  added 
area,  while  in  the  original  area  the  increase  was  26  per 
1,000.  Consequently  the  difference  in  the  proportion 
of  the  foreign  element  in  every  1,000  decreased  mate- 
rially, and  the  same  decrease,  contmued  in  1910,  would 
show  a  larger  proportion  of  the  foreign  element  in  each 
1,000  of  the  white  population  in  the  original  area  than 
in  the  added  area.  It  is  significant  that  the  Southern 
states  thus  far  have  shown  a  decreasing  rather  than 
an  increasing  proportion,  and  it  is  thus  evident  that 


a  comparison  between  the  foreign  element  per  1,000  of 
population  in  the  original  and  added  areas  is  greatly 
affected,  in  the  original  area,  by  the  small  proportion 
showai  in  the  Southern  states.  In  both  New  England 
and  the  Middle  states,  more  than  half  of  each  1,000  of 
the  white  population  in  1900  were  of  foreign  parent- 
age. It  appears,  moreover,  from  the  preceding  sum- 
mary, that  in  these  2  sections  of  the  coimtry  the 
proportion  is  increasing  with  great  rapidity.  During 
the  twenty  years  from  1870  to  1890  this  element 
increased  in  New  England  146  and  in  the  Middle 
states  52  per  1,000  of  popidation,  while  during  the 
decade  from  1890  to  1900  the  increase  in  the  New 
England  states  was  69  and  in  the  Middle  states  28. 
From  this  analysis  it  appears  that  not  only  were 
more  than  half  of  the  entne  wliite  population  in 
these  sections  persons  of  foreign  parentage,  but  the 
rapidity  of  increase  in  the  proportion  showed  no 
diminution. 

DISTKIBUTION    BY    COUNTRY   OF    BIRTH. 

In  Table  110,  wliich  appears  on  page  226,  is  pre- 
sented the  foreign  born  population  of  continental 
United  States  and  of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790,  by 
country  of  birth.  The  earliest  date  for  which  the 
segregation  of  foreign  born  by  country  of  birth  is 
obtainable  was  the  census  of  1850.  Variations  in 
classification  have  made  the  preparation  of  this  table 
a  task  of  some  difficulty.  It  is  believed,  however,  to 
be  substantially  accurate.  The  significant  movement 
of  foreign  born  population  in  the  United  States,  with 
relation  to  the  older  and  the  newer  areas,  is  reflected 
by  the  following  percentage  table : 

Table  58. — Per  cent  distribution  of foreignborn,  by  country  of  birth: 
1850  and  1900. 


NATIONAUTY. 


Total. 


Canada  and  Newfoundland . 
All  other  North  America. . . 

England  and  Wales 

Ireland 

Scotland 

Germany 

Norway  and  Sweden 

Denmark 

-\ustria-Hungary 

Italy 

Russia,  including  Finland. . 

Poland 

Switzerland 

Netherlands 

France 

Spain  and  Portugal 

Belgium 

Turkey  and  Greece 

Europe  not  specified 

China 

Japan 

All  other  Asia 

Oceania 

South  America 

Africa 

All  other 


CONTINEN- 
TAL traiTED 
STATES. 


1830  1900 


100.0 


6.6 
0.9 
13.7 
42.8 
3.1 
26.0 
0.7 
0.1 
(') 
0.2 
0.1 


0.6 
0.4 
2.4 
0.2 
0.1 
(') 


(') 


(') 
(■) 
0.1 
(■) 
1.9 


lOO.O 


11.4 
1.3 
9.0 

15.6 
2.3 

25.8 
8.8 
1.5 
5.6 
4.7 
4.7 
3.7 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
0.4 
0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
0.8 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
{') 
(') 
0.2 


AREA  ENU- 
MERATED 

IN  1790. 


ISoO  '  1900 


6.1 
0.3 
13.4 
63.1 
3.3 
18.4 
0.1 
0.1 
(') 
0.1 
0.1 


0.3 
0.3 
1.6 
0.1 
(') 
(') 


(■) 


(') 
(') 
1.9 


ADDED 
AREA. 


18dO    1900 


100.0     100.0 


13.1 

6.1 

0.3 

2.0 

10.1 

14.4 

23.2 

23.4 

2.5 

2.9 

19.7 

40.3 

3.1 

1.8 

0.4 

0.1 

6.2 

0.1 

7.2 

0.2 

6.2 

0.1 

4.1 

0.7 

1.2 

0.4 

0.8 

0.9 

4.1 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.2 

(1) 

0.3 

0.3 

0.1 

(■) 

0.2 

(') 

(') 

0.1 

(') 

0.1 

(') 

(') 

0.2 

1.8 

9.8 
2.2 
8.0 
8.5 
2.0 
31.6 
14.1 
2.S 
5.0 
2.3 
3.3 
3.4 
1.5 
1.6 
1.1 
0.3 
0.4 
0.1 
0.1 
1.2 
0.5 
0.1 
0.1 

r.i 

0.2 


1  Less  than  on&-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


FOREIGN  BORN  POPULATION. 


131 


Wliile  this  table  indicates  the  proportion  which  each 
principal  element  of  the  foreijjn  born  forms  of  the  total 
foreign  born  in  the  United  States  and  in  the  original 
and  added   areas,  it  does   not  throw  hght   upon  (lie 


proportion  of  each  nationality  residing  in  each  of  the 
two  areas.  Selecting  tlie  principal  nations,  the  pro- 
])ortions  shown  are  as  follows: 


Table  69. 


-PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION,  BY  GEOGRAPHIC  AREAS,  OF  NATIVES  OF  SPECIFIED  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

1850  AND  190U. 


AEEA. 

NORTH 
AUEBICA. 

ENGLAND, 

SCOTLAND,  AND 

WALES. 

r.ERM.VNT          1                                       I                                                     RUS.1IA,             1       .,,    .___ 

IRELAND.               AND  AUSTRIA-         STANDmAVM.                  ITALY.                   FLKLASIl,  AND    ^       i-irT^^-. 

1       IIUNOARV.                                                                                            roLAND.                 COUNTBIM. 

18S0 

1900 

1850 

1900 

1860 

1900 
inn  n 

18«0 
ipn  n 

1900        IKfiO 

1900 

■  two       1900     1    18G0       1900 

18G0 

.90. 

United  States 

100.0  1   ino.o 

100  n 

inn  n 

100.0 

inn  n       inn  n 

100.0 

100.0  1  100.0  {  loo.o  1   loao 

100  0 

inn  n 

Area  eniimeraledin  1790 

62.4 

51.2,       04.5  1      M.4 

81.1 

71.8   1      4(1.3  1      39.9 

16.4 

17.0 

49.6 

74.9,1      08.8  1      88.9 

48.0 

33.7 

New  England 

29.8 

31.5 

1.1 

37.6 

39.1 
11.4 
0.7 

4^8 

10.8 
48.8 
4.9 

35.5 

15.8 
35.9 
2.7 

45.6 

20.4 
55.1 
S.6 

1&9 

23.9  I 
45.2 
2.7 

2a2 

1.2 
3C.1 
9.0 

S3.7 

2.8 

33.7 

3.4 

60.1 

4.0 

10.  S 

1.8 

83.6 

6.7 
10. 0 
0.3 

83.0 

7.2 
2&2 
14.2 

sa.i 

12.7 
60.3 
2.0 

28.1 

3.3 
55.1 
10.4 

31.2 

9.8 
40.4 
2.7 

41.1 

as 

33.3 
6.5 

52.0 

8.8 

22.5 
2.5 

66l3 

Soiithern  states 

A  smaller  proportion  of  the  natives  of  nearly  every 
foreign  country  were  residents  of  the  original  area  in 
1900  than  in  1850.  The  natives  of  Italy  form  an  ex- 
ception to  this  rule;  for,  whereas  in  the  earlicryearmore 
than  half  of  them  were  located  in  the  added  area,  in  1900, 
as  a  result  of  the  great  immigration  from  that  country 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  century,  nearly  three-fourths 


of  all  were  located  in  the  area  enumerated  in  1790. 
The  decreased  proportion  of  the  foreign  bom  in  the 
Southern  states  of  the  original  area  is  noticeable. 
Nearly  one-seventh  of  the  Italians  in  the  country  were 
residents  of  these  states  in  1850,  while  in  1900  the  pro- 
portion was  negligible. 


XIV.    STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES. 


NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  IN  UNITED  STATES  —  IN  ORIGINAL  AND 
ADDED  AREAS  —  SLAVEHOLDING  FAMILIES  —  NUMBER  OF  WHITE 
PERSONS  DIRECTLY  OR  INDIRECTLY  CONNECTED  WITH  SLAVE- 
HOLDING— RATIO     OF    SLAVES    TO    WHITES— VALUE     OF     SLAVES. 


Slavery  existed  in  all  the  states  and  territories 
which  were  enumerated  in  1790,  with  the  exception 
of  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and  the  district  of  Maine. 
Comparatively  few  slaves,  however,  were  held  in  the 
Northern  states;  more  than  nine-tenths  of  all  slaves 
at  the  First  Census  were  reported  from  the  Southern 
states.  Virginia  ranked  first  in  number  of  slaves, 
reporting  292,627.  The  second  in  rank  was  South 
Carolina,  closely  followed  by  Maryland  and  Nortli 
Carolina;  but  the  total  number  of  slaves  in  these 
3  states  only  slightly  exceeded  the  number  in  Vir- 
ginia alone.  The  number  of  slaves  in  the  United 
States  in  1790  is  shown  by  states  in  the  following 
summary : 

United  S tates 697,  624 

\ew  Hampshire '. 157 

Rhode  Island 958 

Connecticut 2,  648 

New  York 21, 193 

New  Jersey 11,  423 

Pennsylvania 3,  707 

Delaware 8,  887 

Maryland 103,  036 

Virginia 292,  627 

North  Carolina 100,  783 

South  Carolina 107, 094 

Georgia 29, 264 

Kentucky 12, 430 

Southwest  Territory 3,  417 

The  number  of  slaves  at  each  census  from  1790  to 
1860,  with  the  percentage  of  decennial  increase,  was 
as  follows: 


CENSUS  YEAR. 

Number  of 
slaves. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease. 

1790 

697,624 
893,602 
1,191,362 
1,538,022 
2,009,043 
2,487,355 
3,204,313 
3,953,760 

1800 

28.1 
33.3 
29.1 
30.6 
23.8 
28.8 
23.4 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

The  percentages  of  increase  remained  remarkably 
uniform  from  1790  to  1830.  Indeed,  no  violent  fluctu- 
ations occurred  during  the  entire  slaveholding  period. 

(132) 


The  higher  percentage  shown  for  the  decade  1800  to 
1810  reflects  the  large  importation  of  negroes  during 
the  years  immediately  preceding  January  1,  1808,  after 
which  date  the  trade  in  slaves  was  prohibited.  It  has 
been  noted  that  there  was  little  difference  between  the 
rate  of  increase  in  the  white  and  the  negro  population 
in  the  early  part  of  the  century ;  since  nearly  all  the  ne- 
groes were  slaves,  it  of  course  follows  that  there  was 
little  difference  prior  to  1830  in  the  rate  of  increase  in 
slaves  as  compared  with  that  of  whites.  After  that 
date,  however,  the  rate  of  slave  increase  tended  to 
diminish. 

States  holding  slaves:  1790. 


Marked  changes  appear  from  decade  to  decade  in  the 
rate  of  increase  for  slaves  in  the  different  states,  al- 
though for  the  entire  United  States,  as  already  pointed 
out,  it  remained  reasonably  uniform. 

The  extension  of  slavery  from  1790  to  1860  by  an- 
nexation of  territory,  and  especially  by  settlement 
and  the  transfer  of  slaves  from  the  older  to  the  newly 
settled  areas  in  the  South  and  Southwest,  is  clearly 
indicated  in  the  following  table. 

In  the  3  slave  states  of  Delaware,  Maryland,  and 
Virginia,  at  the  period  under  consideration  slaves  were 
employed  principall}^  in  the  cultivation  of  tobacco. 
The  soil  was  rapidly  impoverished  by  this  crop,  how- 
ever, and  as  a  result  the  center  of  tobacco  culture 
tended  to  move  farther  westward,  into  new  and  more 
favorable  sections  in  Kentuckv  and  Tennessee. 


STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES. 


133 


Table  60.— NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  IN   THE  AREA  ENUMERATED   IN  1790  AND   IN  THE  ADDED  AREA,  BY   STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES:   1790  TO  1860. 


STATE  OR  TEBRITORY. 

17M 

1800 

1810 

18H> 

1810 

1840 

liM 

1860 

UnitedStates 

697,624 

893.602 

1,191,362 

1,538,022 

2,006,043 

2,487,355 

3,204,3U 

3,053,760 

097,624 

889,804 

1,122,110 

1,341,718 

1,577,105 

1,009,105 

1,842,570 

1,075,808 

New  England 

3,703 

1,339 

418 

14S 

48 

23 

Maine 

2 
3 

New  Hampshire 

157 

8 

1 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

1 

17 
25 

6,024 

Rhode  Island 

958 
2,648 

45,210 

380 
951 

41,184 

108 
310 

30,840 

48 
97 

22,365 

5 
>17 

3,347 

Connecticut 

Middle  states 

2,526 

1,818 

21,193 
11,423 
3,707 
8,887 

048,651 

20,903 

12.422 

1,706 

6,153 

847,281 

15,017 

10,851 

795 

4,177 

1,090,852 

10.088 

7,557 

211 

4,509 

1,319,208 

75 

2,254 

403 

3,292 

1,571,033 

4 

674 

64 

2,605 

1,605,735 

New  Jersey 

236 

•18 

Delaware 

2,200 
1,840,044 

1,798 
1,073,068 

103,036 

287,959 

4,008 

100,783 

107,094 

29,204 

12,430 

3,417 

•107,707 
•339.796 
7,172 
133,290 
UO,  151 
59,232 
40,343 
13,584 

3,798 

•115,056 
•383,521 
10,836 
1&S,824 
190,305 
91,154 
80,561 
44,635 

69,252 

•111,917 

•411, SSO 

15.119 

204,917 

258,475 

110,055 

126,732 

80,107 

196,304 

■  107.  499 
•4:>3,r/)8 
17,1,73 
245,  Wl 
315.401 
124,  Mb 
185.213 
141,003 

431,938 

•93,057 
•43I.K7:i 
18,4SX 
245,817 
3'.'7,a38 
124, 145 
1«,258 
183,059 

878,250 

94,055 
452,028 

20,500 
288,548 
384,984 
149,489 
210,981 
239,450 

1,361,743 

00,374 
472,494 

18,371 
331  059 

Virginia*  

402,406 
158,080 

225,483 
275  719 

1,977,958 

3,798 

31,581 

115,401 

277,182 

605,890 

884,915 

1,175,829 



135 

429 

1,107 

788 

348 

6 
3 

747 
1 

•31 

276,394 

3 

3 

331 

Indiana 

28 
•107 

237 
108 
24 

190 
917 

11 
605,542 

3,663 

31,152 

114,294 

884,915 

1,175,829 

174 
'494 
2,995 

14,064 
•2,565 
14,523 

37,671 

39,601 
41,879 
32,814 

80,903 

93,186 
117,549 
05,659 

139,25.5 

150,799 
253,532 
195,211 

240,627 

232,103 
342,844 
300,878 

379.331 

304,118 

435,000 

430,031 

557,772 

1 

34,660 

'•136 

"2,875 

69,064 

1,617 

10,222 

109.588 

4.570 

25,091 

15,501 

108,452 
19,935 
58,240 

25,717 

244.809 
47,100 
87,422 

39,310 

331,726 

111.115 

114,931 

First  enumerated  In  1S30 

61,745 

15,501 

25,717 
16 

30,310 

61,745 

........ ..^.  ■.....•.. 

I    Wfl 

I 

16 

1 

68,187 

182.505 

t 

26 
58,161 

29 

182,566 

First  enumerated  In  18G0 

17 

i 

15 

1 

2 

r  ■ 

»  Exclusive  of  37  slaves  captured  In  the  slaver  Amistad. 

'  Colored  apprentices  (or  IKe,  liy  the  act  to  aliollsh  slavery  passed  .\prii  18. 1846. 
Iriac        "        .-."."  ,--.---1--  i  .  .#.%.-  r.,-. 


•  Ale.tandrla  ooimtv,  which  fro:n  180O  to  1S40.  Inclusive,  formed  a  part  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  Is  here  Included  with  V'lrglnla,  for  comparative  purposes. 
I  The  totals  for  the  counties  which  In  1803  and  1806  were  set  ofl  from  Virginia  to  form  West  Virginia  are  here  shown  separately,  becauseof  the  marked  dinerBiM 


,»i,>i  .o™ -o.o .,»»>/,»  ..V.UA  ...  ™.-™  .^ ^ -■  leranoe b«tw«en 

the  2  states  with  respect  to  slavery. 

'  Reported  as  lor  Randolph  county,  Indiana  territory. 

'  Reported  as  (or  nruwn,  Crawford,  and  Iowa  counties.  Michigan  territory. 

'  Reported  as  for  \V:ishlngton  county.  Mississippi  territory. 

"  Reported  as  for  Baldwin,  Madison,  and  WasfunRton  counties.  Mississippi  territory.  j„„,,u.  i«„i.i»,..  i.„r,.h»o«  ,»hieh  wfi.iirmrr«nlMyl 

«  In  1810  Louisiana  was  called  "  Orleans  territory."  and  th<i  name  ■•  Louisiana  territory  was  applied  to  the  remainder  of  th,  If "  Wi^* J'"'^'^*'  ».^^ 

'0  Reported  as  for  "settlements  of  Hope  Field  and  St.  FrancU"  and  for  "settlements  on  the  Arkansas"  in  the  unorganized  territor>  then  called     Louisiana  territory. 

'^"I'R™p'^^'ted""aL^o■r  Cape  Girardeau,  New  Madrid,  St.  Charles,  St.  Louis,  and  St.  Oenevleve  districts  In  the  unorganiied  territory  then  called  "  Louisiana  twrltory." 


Compare  with  note  9. 

As  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  by  slave  labor  became 
somewhat  less  profitable  in  the  older  states,  the  acqui- 
sition of  territory  in  the  far  South  and  Southwest 
and  the  introduction  and  rapid  expansion  of  cotton 
growing  in  that  section  made  slave  labor  highly  prof- 
itable in  connection  with  this  important  crop.  After 
76292—09 10 


the  further  importation  of  slaves  was  prohibited  in 
1808,  the  market  price  of  negroes  advanced  rapidly, 
because  of  the  increasing  demand  for  their  services  in 
the  cotton  fields.  Planters  in  Maryland  an  J  Virginia 
found  it  to  their  pecuniary  advantage  either  to  sell 
slaves   or   to  move  with   them  farther  south  or  into 


134 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Kentucky  or  Tennessee.  These  changes  resulted  in 
a  shifting  of  the  slave  population  in  the  Southern 
states. 

In  Delaware  the  number  of  slaves  was  greatest  at 
the  First  Census,  but  declined  steadily  (except  during 
the  decade  1810  to  1820)  until  1860.  In  Maryland 
the  number  decreased  at  each  census  but  one  from  1810 
to  1860.  The  number  in  Virginia  increased  but  4  per 
cent  from  1830  to  1860;  in  North  Carolina,  during  the 
same  period,  the  increase  was  35  per  cent,  or  about 
1  per  cent  per  annum.  For  that  part  of  Georgia 
enumerated  in  1790  the  increase  was  27.1  per  cent,  but 
the  whole  state  showed  an  increase  of  more  than  100 
per  cent. 

As  reflected  by  percentage  of  increase  from  decade 
to  decade,  the  area  showing  liberal  increase  of  slave 
population  tended  to  become  more  restricted.  In  1850 
and  1860  decided  increase  in  number  of  slaves  was 
practically  confined  to  the  lower  South.  In  1860 
only  Georgia,  the  Gulf  states,  Missouri,  and  Arkansas 
showed  an  increase  exceeding  20  per  cent  in  the  number 
of  slaves. 

In  forty  years,  from  1820  to  1860,  both  Alabama  and 
Mississippi  recorded  a  tenfold  increase  in  slave  popula- 
tion, while  the  white  population  increased  but  sixfold 
in  Alabama  and  eightfold  in  Mississippi.  The  number 
of  slaves  in  Louisiana  increased  with  similar  rapiditj'; 
and  in  the  decade  from  1850  to  1860  the  slave  popula- 
tion of  Texas  trebled. 

In  the  following  table,  which  presents  the  percent- 
ages of  increase  in  slaves  in  all  the  so-called  slave 
states  during  the  period  of  slavery,  the  shifting  of 
slave  property  to  the  lower  South  and  Southwest  is 
clearly  inaicated: 

Table  61. — Per  cent  increase  of  the  slave  population  of  the  slave  states 
at  each  census:  1790  to  1S60. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

1790 

to 
1800 

1800 

to 

1810 

1810 

to 

1820 

1820 

to 

1830 

1S30 

to 

1840 

1840 

to 

1850 

1850 

to 
1860 

Delaware 

130.8 
4.5 
18.6 
32.3 
36.5 

103.0 

■32.1 
6.8 
13.7 
26.7 
34.4 
77.1 

7.9 
12.7 

8.3 
21.4 
31.6 
42.2 

127.0 
13.9 
10.4 
19.9 
22.0 
45.4 

120.9 

113.4 

14.5 

0.1 

3.7 

29.2 

66.9 

10.3 

29.3 

115.7 

197.3 

63.7 

335.6 

112.1 
1.1 
4.9 
17.4 
17.7 
35.9 
52.9 
15.8 
30.8 
35.2 
58.7 
46.3 

136.3 

121  5 

Uarvland^. 

13.9 

Nortli  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia^. 

14.7 
4.5 
21.1 
57  1 

Florida 

Kentucky 

224.6 
297.5 

99.7 
227.8 
419.2 
384.9 

57.3 
79.9 

1,632.7 
125.9 
99.3 

1,089.0 

30.4 
76.8 
180.7 
100.1 
68.7 
183.0 

6.9 
15.1 
26.9 
40.9 
35.5 
135.9 
213  9 

Tennessee 

Mississippi 

Louisiana  ^ 

Texas 

Missouri ' 

255.5 

145.5 

132.1 

50.1 

31.5 

1  Decrease. 

2  Includes  District  of  Columbia. 
3Kntirestate. 

<  HcporU'd  as  for  Wasliington  county,  Mississippi  tcrritorv.  in  1800,  and  as  for 
Baldwin,  Madison,  and  Washington  countic-s.  Mississippi  territory,  in  1810. 

^Called  "Orleans  territiiry"  in  1SI((.    Sec  Table  60,  note  9. 

«  Ueportcd  in  1810  us  (oi'"selUements  of  Hope  Field  and  St.  Francis"  and  for 
"settlements  on  the  .\rliansas  "  in  the  unorganlwd  territory  then  called  "  Louisiana 
territory." 

'  Keported  in  ISlOas  for  Cape  Girardeau,  New  Madrid.St.  Charles,  St.  Louis  and 
St.  Genevieve  districts,  in  the  unorganized  territory  then  called  "Louisiana 
territory." 

Comparison  of  the  increase  in  the  number  of  slaves 
in  the  original  and  added  area  and  the  proportion  con- 


tributed by  each,  reflects  the  progress  of  settlement  of 
the  younger  slave  states,  and  their  constant  increase 
in  proportionate  importance  as  slaveholders. 

Table  62. — Per  cent  increase  and  proportion  of  slaves  reported  in 
area  enumerated  in  1790  and  in  added  area:  1790  to  1860. 


ORIGINAL  AREA. 

ADDED  AEEA. 

YEAR. 

Percent 
of  in- 
crease. 

Proportion 
of  total 
slaves. 

Per  cent 
of  In- 
crease. 

Proportion 
of  total 
slaves. 

1790 

100.0 
99.6 
94.2 
87.2 
78.5 
64.7 
67.5 
50.0 

IgOO                                     

27.5 
26.1 
19.6 
17.5 

2.0 
14.5 

7.2 

0.4 

ISIO                           

1.723.4 
183.5 
120.0 
103.3 
55.1 
45.3 

5.8 

1820                                                

12.8 

1830           

21.5 

1840                              

35.3 

1850 

42.5 

I860 .                

50.0 

The  decennial  rate  of  increase  in  the  number  of 
slaves  in  the  original  area  was  noticeably  uniform 
for  forty  years  after  the  First  Census,  but  from  1830 
to  1840  the  increase  declined  to  2  per  cent,  a  rate  so 
small  as  to  be  practically  negligible.  In  1850  a  con- 
siderable increase  was  reported,  but  in  1860  there  was 
again  an  insigiuficant  percentage.  In  general,  there- 
fore, the  uniform  increase  of  one-fourth  or  one-sixth 
shown  in  the  original  area  to  1830  decUned  during  the 
final  thirty  years  of  slavery  to  a  small  and  wavering 
increment.  Meantime  the  relative  rank  of  the  two 
areas  in  slaveholding  was  steadily  changing  and  the 
Southern  states  in  the  added  area  were  becoming 
more  and  more  important  as  slaveholding  commu- 
nities. The  proportion  of  99.6  per  cent  of  all  slaves 
sho\vn  by  the  original  area  in  1800  had  dropped  to 
one-half  by  1860.  Such  changing  proportions  mani- 
fest a  much  greater  relative  increase  in  the  number  of 
slaves  in  the  added  area  than  in  the  original  area. 
The  large  earlier  percentages  were  of  course  devoid  of 
significance  as  indicative  of  natural  increase,  since  they 
were  principally  the  result  of  acquisition  of  new  slave 
territory  and  the  rapid  settlement  therein  of  a  con- 
siderable slaveholding  population.  The  rate  of  in- 
crease, however,  although  it  dechned  sharply  after 
1830,  continued  very  liigli  in  the  added  area  to  the 
close  of  the  slaveholding  period.  The  changes  here 
shown  in  the  total  added  area  suggest  analysis  of  the 
increase  in  the  number  of  slaves  in  the  area  added 
at  each  census  after  1790.  The  percentages  in  the 
following  summary,  like  those  which  precede,  are  com- 
puted from  Table  (50: 


DECADE. 

DECENNIAL  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  rN  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES 
IN  AREA  FIRST   ENUMERATED  IN— 

1800 

1810 

1820 

ISSO 

1840 

1850 

18«0 

1790  to  1800 

1800  to  1810 

731.6 
265.4 
140.2 
118.6 
46.1 
32.9 

lS10tolS20 

114.8 
72.1 
77.1 
53.8 
47.0 

1820  to  1830 

1830  to  1840 

65.9 
.w  a 

1840  to  1860 

1850tol8fi0.. 

R7    1 

213.8 

STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES. 


135 


SLAVEHOLDINO    FAMILIES. 


In  a  preceding  chapter  which  treats  of  families  (see 
paf^o  9G),  a  presentation  is  made  of  slaveholding  fami- 
lies in  1790,  white  and  colored,  in  which  the  number 


of  members  and  the  average  size  of  such  famiUes  are 
given.  The  following  table  presents  tlie  number  of 
slavcholding  families,  the  total  number  of  slaves,  and 
the  average  number  per  family,  by  states  and  terri- 
tories in  1790  and  1850: 


Table  63.— NUMBER  OF  SLAVEHOLDINO  FAMILIES  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  PER  FAMILY  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES:  1790  AND  1850. 


1790 

ISM 

— 

Slaveholdlne  rumi- 
lles. 

Slaves. 

1 

SIsveboldInK  fami- 
lies.' 

Slaves. 

STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

Number. 

Percent 

oral! 
families. 

Number. 

Percent ] 

of  total  1 
popiila- 
lion.     ! 

Number. 

Percent 

of  all 
families. 

Number. 

Total. 

Average 

slave- 
holding 
family. 

Total. 

Avemce 

sbve- 
boldlng 
lamlly. 

Per  cut 
of  total 

United  States 

96,168 

17.2 

697,624 

7.3 

17.8 

347,725  1           9.7 

3,204,313 

9.2 

Area  euamerated  in  1790 

94,168 

17.2 

697,624 

7.3 

17.8 

214.799              9.3 

1,842,570 

8.6 

13.6 

New  England 

2,147 

2.8 

3,763 

1.8 

0.4 

! 

1 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

123 

0.5 

157 

1.3 

0.1 



Vermont : 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

461 
I,  £63 

16,265 

4.1 

3.8 

9.8 

958 
2,648 

45,210 

2.i 

1.7 

2.8 

i.i" 

1.1 

4.4 

Connecticut 

Middle  states 

1,009              0.1 

2,526 

!•   ■' 

New  York 

7,796 
»4,760 

1,858 
» 1,851 

77,766 

14.2 
16.0 
2.5 
22.5 

35.8 

21,193 
11,423 

3,707 
8,887 

648,651 

2.7 
2.4 
2.0 
4.8 

8.3 

6.2 
6.2 
0.9 
15.0 

34.1 

' 

New  Jersey 

200  ■           0.2 

236 

i.i' 

■   ■(•■)      ■ 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

80»j  ■     "6.2 
213,790  1         30.3 

2,290 
1,840,044 

2.8 
8.6 

2.S 
31.4 

Southern  states 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia 

< 13,777 

<  34,026 

» 16,310 

8,859 

•2,419 

» 1,855 

•510 

38.0 
44.9 
31.0 
34.3 
24.6 
17.0 
8.8 

103,036 
293,627 
100,783 
107,094 
29,264 
12,430 
3,417 

7.5 
8.S 
6.7 
12.1 
12.1 
6.7 
6.7 

32.2 
39.1 
2».S 
43.0' 
35.6  ' 
16.9 
9.6  1 

17,417 
55,963 
28,303 
25,596 
•15,062 
38,385 
33,864 

132,926 

18.3 
32.9 
26.8 
48.4 
70.3 
28.9 
2C.0 

10.3 

94,055 
472,528 
288,548 
384,984 
•149.489 
210, 9S1 
239,  459 

1,361,743 

5.4 
8.6 
10.2 
15.0 
9.9 
•.6 
7.1 

10.2 

14.8 
33.2 
33.2 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

Oeorcia     

54  9 

'>3  9 

15.8 

'  Given  in  the  rompendium  of  the  Seventh  Census,  Table  xc,  as  "slaveholders." 

•  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  percent. 
»  Kstimated.    See  patie  l;t8. 

•  .\IIepany,  Calvert,  and  Somersett  counties  estimated. 
»  Caswell,  Granville,  and  Oranijc  counties  estimated. 

•  Figures  are  for  part  enumerated  in  1790. 

'  The  Ogures  shown  as  lor  Tennessee  in  1790  were  reported  as  for  the  Southwest  Territory,  which  had  an  area  slightly  greater  than  that  of  Tennessee. 


In  1790  the  proportion  which  slaveholding  families 
formed  of  all  families  exceeded  20  per  cent  in  Dela- 
ware, Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  Georgia,  but  was  less  th.in  20  per  cent  in 
Kentucky  and  much  less  in  Tennessee.  Even  in  New 
York  the  proportion  was  but  little  smaller  than  in 
Kentucky.  In  1850  the  number  of  slaveholding  fam- 
ilies had  become  less  than  20  per  cent  of  all  families 
in  Delaware  and  Maryland,  whereas  the  proportion 
exceeded  that  %ure  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
In  only  2  states,  North  Carolina  and  South  Caro- 
lina, was  the  increase  in  the  average  number  of  slaves 
per  family  worthy  of  note. 


Slaveholding  families  classified  by  size  of  holdings. — 
But  one  classification  of  slaveholding  families  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  slaves  held  has  heretofore  been 
made  at  a  Federal  census.  At  the  Seventh  Census 
(1850)  a  tabulation  of  this  character  was  prepared 
and  printed  in  the  Compendium,  and  this  affords  an 
interesting  analysis  of  slaveholders  at  that  period. 
In  the  following  table  a  similar  classification  is 
made  for  1790  for  all  states  for  which  the  schedules 
are  still  in  existence.  An  estimate  is  included  for 
Virginia,  based  on  figures  of  1782  and  1783.  (See 
pages  137  and  138.) 


136  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Table  64  -SLAVEHOLDING  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD.  BY  STATES  AND 

TERRITORIES:  1790  AND  1850. 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
famiUes. 

NUMBER  OF  FAMIUES  HOLDIXG— 

STATE  OR  TERUITORY. 

1  slave. 

2  to  4 
slaves. 

5  to  9 
slaves. 

10  to  19 

slaves. 

20  to  49 
slaves. 

50  to  99 
slaves. 

100  to  199 
slaves. 

200  to  299 
slaves. 

300  slaves 
and  over. 

Number 
of  slaves 
unknown 

1130 

Area  for  which  1700  schedules  exist  i 

81,885 

20,047 

24,912 

18,017 

11,735 

5,274 

813 

198 

38 

7 

844 

New  England 

2,147 

1,332 

689 

113 

12 

1    



123 

401 

1,563 

9,654 

97 
255 
980 

4,119 

24 

160 
505 

3,534 

2 
45 
66 

1,310 

1 
11 

193 

1 
2 

' 

Middle  states 

1 

496 

7,796 
1,858 

70,084 

3,088 
1,031 

14,596 

2,867 
667 

20,689 

1,165 
145 

16,694 

181 
12 

11,530 

1 
1 

5,271 

494 



2 

813 

198 

38 

7 

348 

12,226 
34,026 
14,973 
8,859 

2,841 
5,785 
4,  MO 
1,930 

3,617 
9,510 
4,959 
2,603 

2,807 
8,559 
3,375 
1,853 

1,796 
6,745 
1,788 
1,201 

713 

2,998 

701 

859 

96 
342 

90 
285 

16 
75 
11 
96 

3 
12 
2 

21 

1 

336 

7 

6 

5 

1850 

United  States 

347,725 

68,998 

105,703 

80, 767 

54,595 

29,733 

6,196 

1,479 

187 

67 

127,488 

22,16? 

37,624 

31,052 

22,190 

11,565 

2,194 

572 

89 

38 

Middle  statcs< 

1,009 
126,479 

498 
21,666 

372 
37,252 

119 
30,933 

20 
22,170 

11,565 

2,194 

572 

89 

38 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia 

17,517 
55,063 
28,303 
25,596 

87,311 

132,926 

5,585 
11,385 
1,204 
3,492 

19,427 

27,407 

5,870 
15,560 
9,668 
6,164 

28,455 

39,624 

3,463 
13,030 

8.129 
6,311 

20,909 

28,806 

1,861 
9,466 
5,898 
4,955 

12,416 

19,989 

657 
4,880 
2,828 
3,200 

5,380 

12,788 

73 
646 

485 
990 

628 

3,374 

7 

107 

76 

382 

82 

825 

1 

1 

3 

33 

3 

26 

Virginia 

8 
12 
69 

11 

87 

North  Carolina 

Soutli  Carolina  . 

Remainder  of  area  enumerated  in  1790 

'  Data  not  available  for  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.    An  estimate  has  been  made  for  Virginia.    (See  page  137.) 
3  Data  not  availrible  for  3  counties. 
'  Estimated.    Sie  page  137. 

<  As  there  were  no  slaves  reported  in  New  York  or  Tennsylvania  in  1850,  the  number  reported  in  Delaware  and  New  Jersey  is  given,  for  purposes  of  comparison 
with  the  Middle  states. 


The  changes  which  are  recorded  in  the  interesting 
comparisons  shown  in  Table  —  are  made  clear  upon 


inspection  of  the  changes  in  proportions  shown  in  the 
foUowincr  table: 


Table  65 — PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION  OF  SLAVEHOLDING  FAMILIES  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD: 

1790  AND  1850. 


OWNERS  OF- 


1  slave 

2  and  under  5  slaves 

6  and  under  10  slaves 

10andunder20  slaves . . . 
20  and  under  50  slaves . . . 
60  and  under  100  slaves . . 
100  and  under  200  slaves  _ 
200  and  under  300  slaves . 

300  slaves  and  over 

Unknown 


TOTAL  COMPAEA- 
BLE  AREA.  1 


1790 


24.5 
30.4 
22.0 
14.3 
0.4 
1.0 
0.2 

1.0 


ISSO 


17.4 

29.5 

24.4 

17.4 

9.1 

1.7 

0.4 

0.1 

(') 


MAKTLAND  AND 
DISTRICT  OP  CO- 
LUMBIA. 


1790 


23.2 
29.6 
23.0 
14.7 
6.8 
0.8 
0.1 
(') 

m 

2.7 


1850 


31.! 
33.  J 
19.1 
10.1 
3.1 
0.' 

m 


(>) 


1790 


17.0 

27.9 

25.2 

19.8 

8.8 

1.0 

0.2 

(=) 


18S0 


20.7 
28.2 
23.7 
17.2 
8.9 
1.2 
0.2 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


1790 


27.0 
3.3.1 
22.5 
11.9 
4.7 
0.6 
0.1 
P) 


m 


1850 


4.3 
34.2 
28.7 
20.8 
10.0 
1.7 
0.3 

m 
(») 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


1790 


21.8 

29.4 

20.9 

13.6 

9.7 

3.2 

1.1 

0.2 

0.1 

0.1 


.'  f  "I"?!''""'^ '"  1'^'i  J'^'JI  ""*  '*'"'  England  and  Middle  statcji  for  which  data  are  available  and  the  Southern  stales  here  specified 
'  i.ess  man  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


1830 


13.6 
24.1 
24.7 
19.4 
12.5 
3.9 
1.5 
0.3 
0.1 


This  analysis  shows  that  in  the  comparable  area  prac- 
tically the  same  proportion  of  owners  held  from  2  to  4 
slavesin  18.50  asin  1790.  Therewas  a  considerable  de- 
crease, however,  in  the  proportion  of  families  having 
only  1  slave  in  1850  as  compared  with  1790,  and  an  in- 


crease in  the  proportions  in  the  groups  into  which 
those  holding  between  5  and  300  slaves  were  divided. 
The  changes  recorded  by  individual  states  for  which 
data  are  available  for  both  censuses  were  more  marked 
than  those  for  the  entire  area.     The  economic  condi- 


STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES. 


13i 


tions  which  prevailed  in  Maryland  and  ^■i^^;ini:l  are 
clearly  reflecled  in  the  percentages  shown  in  the  tahle. 
During  the  period  under  consideration  the  i)roportion 
of  slaveholders  owning  but  1  slave  increased  in  these 
states  and  decreased  in  North  Carolina  and  South 
Carolina.  In  3  of  the  4  states  an  increase  appeared  in 
the  proportion  of  persons  holding  from  2  to  4  slaves. 
In  the  fourth,  South  Carolina ,  a  decrease  appeared.  In 
general  the  percentages  shown  reflect  the  tendency  in 
Maryland  and  ^'irginia  to  reduce  slaveholdings,  either 
because  of  changing  industrial  conditions  demanding 
less  slave  labor  or  because  of  an  increasmg  number  of 
more  highly  skilled  white  laborers  better  adapted  to  the 
increasingly  exacting  demands.  In  North  and  South 
Carolina  the  changes  tend  in  the  other  direction,  and 
are  clearly  the  result  of  increasing  dependence  ujjon 
slave  labor  and  of  expansion  of  industries  in  which 
large  numbers  of  slaves  were  essential  to  the  prosperity 
of  the  community. 

Slaveholding  families  in  states  for'  which  schedules 
are  missirig. — The  total  number  of  slavehokling  fami- 
lies shown  upon  the  schedules  of  the  First  Census  which 
arc  still  in  existence  is  47,859.  The  total  number  of 
slaves  owned  by  these  families  was  318,984,  or  slightly 
less  than  one-half  the  entire  slave  population  of  the 
United  States  in  1790.  The  average  number  of  slaves 
held  by  the  families  reported  on  existing  schedules  as 
slaveholding  was  6.7.  If  this  average  were  applied  to 
the  total  number  of  slaves  reported,  378,640,  upon  the 
schedules  which  are  not  now  in  existence,  the  number 
of  slaveholding  families  upon  those  schedules  would 
appear  to  be  56,513. 

The  impression  at  once  arises  that  this  figure  is  too 
large,  for  the  average  by  which  it  is  secured  includes 
all  the  Northern  states.  The  slave  owners  of  that 
section  of  the  Republic  required  slaves  principally  as 
household  sei-vants,  and  the  number  owned  by  indi- 
viduals was  almost  always  small.  Only  3  persons  in 
the  Northern  states  owned  over  20  slaves  each  (Elijah 
Mason,  sr.,28  slaves,  Lebanon  town, Windham  county. 
Conn.;  Robert  Livingston,  44  slaves,  Livingston 
town,  Columbia  county,  N.  Y.;  and  Margaret 
Hutton,  24  slaves,  Washington  townsliip,  Fayette 
county.  Pa.). 

The  average  number  of  slaves  per  slaveholding 
family,  for  each  state  for  which  records  are  still  avail- 
able, was  as  follows: 


AvcraRo 

niiinl>er 

of  slaves 

STATE. 

IMT  slave- 
holding 

family. 

1.3 

2.1 

1.7 

New  York                                                           

2.7 

Pennsylvania 

2.0 

7.5 

6.7 

Soutli  Ciirolina 

12.1 

If  slaveholding  families  in  New  Jersey,  which  lay 
between  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  and  was  proba- 
bly subject  to  the  same  local  influences,  are  assumed 
to  have  held  an  average  of  2.4  slaves  (the  mean  be- 
tween the  average  in  New  York  and  that  in  Poiin.syl- 
vania)  then  the  total  immber  of  slaveholding  families 
in  New  Jersey  approximated  4,760.  Doubtless  this 
figure  is  close  to  the  actual  number. 

In  Delaware  it  is  probable  that  conditions  relating 
to  slave  ownership  resembled  more  closely  those 
which  existed  in  Maryland  than  those  to  the  north- 
ward, in  Pennsylvania.  If,  however,  the  mean  be- 
tween the  average  in  these  2  states,  4.8,  be  accepted 
and  utilized  as  the  probable  average  in  Delaware, 
there  were  in  that  state  approximatel}'  1,851  slave- 
holding  families. 

For  Virginia  it  would  not  be  just  to  estimate  the 
number  of  slaves  per  slaveholding  family  from  the 
numbers  for  neighboring  states,  since  the  conditions 
prevailing  in  Marylan<l  and  North  Carolina  diiTered 
widely  from  each  other,  and  tloubtless  differed  as  widely 
from  those  in  Virginia,  which  was  generally  regarded 
at  that  period  as  the  wealthiest  state  in  the  Union. 
Fortunately,  another  method  is  available  by  which  the 
average  number  of  slaves  per  slaveholding  family  in 
Virginia  may  be  determined  with  reasonable  accuracy. 

It  has  already  been  explained  that  the  partial  lists 
of  heads  of  families  in  existence  for  several  coun- 
ties of  Virginia  for  1782,  1783,  1784,  and  1785  have 
been  published  by  the  Director  of  the  Census  in  the 
series  of  Census  publications  containing  the  names  of 
heads  of  families  at  the  First  Census.  Inspection  of 
these  lists  shows  that  the  number  of  negroes  con- 
nected with  white  households  was  reported  in  1782 
and  1783  for  a  total  of  32  counties.  While  it  is  true 
that  for  some  counties  all  white  households  are  not 
reported  upon  these  schedules,  it  is  probable  that  the 
lists  include,  for  the  portions  of  the  counties  covered, 
all  property  owners,  and  hence  represent  the  actual 
conditions  of  slave  ownership.  The  counties  for  which 
lists  exist,  though  located  largely  in  the  older  settled 
areas,  are  not  confined  strictly  to  any  one  section, 
but  are  reasonably  representative  of  the  state.  The 
total  number  of  slaveholding  families  for  the  two 
years  shown  in  the  two  returns  above  given  was 
10,806,  and  the  total  number  of  negroes,  91,768. 

Analysis  of  the  number  of  slaves  per  slaveholding 
family  shows  a  county  variation  in  1782  from  2.9  in 
Pittsylvania  to  11  or  more  in  Amelia,  Cumberland, 
Hanover,  and  New  Kent.  The  average  for  the  19 
counties  for  which  returns  for  1782  exist  is  8.3  slaves 
per  slaveholding  family ;  for  the  13  counties  enumer- 
ated in  1783  and  for  wliich  returns  exist,  the  average  is 
8.8.  The  general  average  secured  by  combining  the 
returns  for  both  years  as  though  reported  at  one 
census,  is  8.5  slaves  per  slaveholding  family.  The  de- 
tailed returns  upon  wliich  these  averages  were  com- 
puted are  as  follows: 


138 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  G6.— Number  of  slaveholding  families,  number  of  slaves,  and 
average  number  of  slaves  per  slaveholding  family  in  Virginia:  1782 
and  17SS. 


17S2 

COUNTY. 

1788 

conuTY. 

Slave- 
hold- 
ing 
fami- 
lies. 

Ne- 
groes. 

Aver- 
age 
number 

of 
slaves 

per 
family. 

Slave- 
hold- 
ing 
fami- 
lies. 

Ne- 
groes. 

Aver- 
age 
number 

of 
slaves 

per 
family. 

Total 

6,635 

55,242 

8.3 

Total.... 

Amiierst 

Chesterfield 

Essex       

4.171 

494 
589 
347 
325 
257 
282 
180 
463 
227 
165 
432 
300 
110 

36,526 

3,852 
5,961 
2,817 
2,764 
2,691 
2,567 
2,282 
2,567 
2,669 
1,468 
2.656 
3,885 
347 

8.8 

794 
410 
346 
420 
157 
229 
464 
156 
464 
566 
23 
260 

472 
319 
628 
278 
418 
91 

140 

8,749 
3,442 
3,882 
3,609 
1,330 

767 
3,290 

513 

5,184 

4,927 

81 

2,957 

3,925 
2,848 
1,835 
2,729 
3,696 
776 

702 

11.0 
8.4 

11.2 
8.6 
8.5 
3.3 
7.1 
3.3 

11.2 
8.7 
3.5 

11.4 

8.3 
8.9 
2.9 
9.8 
8.8 
8.S 

5  0 

7.7 

Charlotte 

Cumberland 

Fairfax 

10.1 
8.1 

Gloucester 

Greensville 

Lancaster 

Middlesex 

Nansemond . . . 

Powhatan 

Prince  Edward 
Princess  .\nne. 

Richmond 

Shenandoah . . . 

8.5 

Fluvanna 

Frederick 

10.5 
9.1 
12.7 

Hampshire 

Hanover 

Mecklenburg.... 

Monongalia 

New  Kent 

Northum  b  e  r  - 
land 

5.5 
11.8 

8.9 

6.1 
13.0 

3.2 

Pittsylvania. . . . 

Sussex    

Warwick 

CltyofWllIiams- 
biug    (James 
City  and  York 

counties.) 

There  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  average  thus 
secured  reflects  accurately  the  proportion  of  slaves  to 
owners  which  existed  throughout  Virginia  about  the 
period  of  the  First  Census,  and  it  is  therefore  accepted 
and  utilized  as  such.  The  fact  that  the  general  aver- 
age of  slaves  per  slaveholding  family  in  the  distinctly 
slave  states  for  which  schedules  exist  is  8.1  tends  to 
confirm  this  conclusion.  Upon  the  basis  of  the  aver- 
age of  8.5  slaves  thus  established,  there  were  34,026 
slaveholding  families  in  Virginia  in  1790. 

The  average  in  South  Carolina  may  fairly  be  ap- 
phed  to  Georgia,  inasmuch  as  economic  conditions  in 
the  2  states  resembled  each  other  closely.  The 
number  of  slaveholding  families  in  Georgia,  obtained  in 
this  way,  is  2,419.  In  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  the 
conditions  were  doubtless  similar  to  those  which  ex- 
isted in  North  Carolina.  The  use  of  the  average  num- 
ber of  slaves  per  slaveholding  family  in  that  state 
makes  the  number  of  such  families  in  Kentucky  1,855, 
and  in  Tennessee,  510.  As  thus  computed,  the  total 
number  of  slaveholding  families  in  the  states  of  New 
Jersey,  Delaware,  Virginia,  Georgia,  and  the  districts 
of  Kentuck}'  and  Tennessee  was  45,421.  If  this  be 
accepted  as  a  just  approximation,  the  total  number  of 
slaveholding  families  in  the  United  States  in  1790  was 
96,168.1 

Proportion  of  the  white  population  connected  with 
slave  ownership. — Consideration  of  the  total  number 
of  slaveholding  families  in  the  United  States  in  1790 
suggests  an  analysis  of  the  proportion  of  the  white  pop- 
nlation  who  were  members  of  such  families.  From  a 
computation  based  on  the  average  size  of  white  slave- 

'  Including  an  estimate  of  2,888  for  6  counties — 3  in  Maryland 
and  3  in  North  Carolina — for  which  the  schedules  are  missing. 


holding  families,  already  presented  for  the  slavehold- 
ing states,  the  following  results  appear: 

Table  67 .—Proportion  of  the  white  population  connected  with  slave 
ownership:  1790. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 


Average 
size  of 
white 
slavehold- 
ing fam- 
ilies. 


United  States.. 
New  England 


Maine 

New  Hampsliire . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. . . 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  states. 


New  York 

New  Jersey  1.,, 
Pennsylvania. . 
Delaware ' 


Southern  states . 


Maryland^ 

Virginia  • 

North  Carolina? 

South  Carolina 

Georgia' 

Kentucky' 

Southwest  Territory ' 


6.3 


6.5 
6.3 


6.3 


6.1 
6.3 
7.0 
6.3 

5.8 


6.9 
5.8 
5.8 
5.5 
5.8 
5.8 
5.8 


Number  of 

white 
persons  in 
white  slave- 
holding 
families. 


563, 699 


13,522 


760 


2,993 
9,769 


101,961 


47,495 
29, 938 
12,942 
11,586 

448, 216 


80, 724 
197,351 
94,418 
48,097 
13,932 
10,  742 
2,952 


Per  cent 
of  total 
white 
popula- 
tion. 


17.8 
1.4 


4.6 
4.2 


10.7 


15.1 
17.0 
3.1 
25.0 

36.6 


38.7 
44.6 
32.7 
34.3 
26.3 
17.6 
9.3 


I  Estimated. 


2  Estimated  for  3  counties. 


At  the  Seventh  Census  (1850)  it  was  computed  by 
the  Superintendent,  Mr.  De  Bow,  that  the  population 
connected  with  slave  ownership  in  1850  numbered  ap- 
proximately 2,000,000.  The  average  number  of  per- 
sons in  slaveholding  families  was  placed  at  5.7.  If 
this  proportion  be  utilized  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  distribution  of  the  number  of  persons 
above  mentioned,  the  following  table  results: 

Table  68. — Proportion  of  the  white  population  connected  with  slave 
ownership:  1850. 


STATE. 

Number  of 

white 
persons  in 
white  slave- 
holding 
families.! 

Percent 
of  total 
white 
popula- 
tion. 

United  States 

1,982,033 

10.1 

Now  England 

New  Hampshire 

Rhode  Island 

Middle  states 

5,751 

0.1 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

1,140 

0.2 

Delaware 

4,611 
1,976,282 

6.5 

32.1 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia 

99,847 
313,859 
161,327 
145.897 
219, 199 

20,064 
218. 795 
193,025 
166.982 
131,761 
117,819 

44,158 

34,194 
109,355 

21.9 

Virginia 

3.'!.  1 

North  Carolina  

29.2 

53.1 

Georgia 

42.0 

Florida 

42.5 

28.7 

Tennessee 

25.5 

39.2 

Mississippi 

44.6 

Louisiana 

46  1 

Texas 

28.7 

Arkansas 

21.1 

18.5 

*  Estimated. 


STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES. 


139 


The  proportion  of  the  white  population  of  the  ITnited 
States  formed  by  members  of  slaveholding  faraihes 
decHned  from  17.8  in  1790  to  10.1  in  1850;  in  other 
words,  178  persons  out  of  every  1,000  of  the  white  pop- 
ulation were  directly  or  indirectly  connected  with  slave 
o\vnorship  in  1790  and  101  out  of  every  1,000  in  1850. 
In  1790  approximately  one-fifth  of  "the  total  white 
population  of  the  slave  states  and  more  than  one-tiiird 
of  the  white  population  of  all  tlie  Southern  states  were 
members  of  slaveliohlingfamihes.  Inl850thedecUne 
in  the  proportion  ofsucli  persons  was  apparent  in  every 
geographic  division.  Slavery  had  disappeared  in 
the  New  England  states.  In  the  Southern  states  as  a 
whole  there  was  a  decrease  from  36.6  to  32. 1 .  Some  of 
the  states  in  the  lower  South,  however,  showed  an 
increase. 

In  1850  the  number  of  persons  in  white  slaveholding 
famiUes  formed  about  one-tliirdof  the  total  wliito  popu- 
lation of  the  slave  states.  In  South  CaroUna,  Ala- 
bama, Mississippi,  and  Louisiana,  exclusive  of  the 
largest  cities,  the  proportion  reached  one-half  of  the 
whole  population.' 

The  proportion  of  persons  in  the  entire  white  popu- 
lation either  directly  or  indirectly  connected  withslave 
ownership,  as  shown  in  the  following  table,  declined 
slightly  from  1790  to  1850.  In  the  2  Middle  states  in 
which  slavery  still  existed  in  the  later  j-ear,  the  decline 
was  very  marked,  wliile  in  the  Southern  states  it 
amounted  to  about  one-ninth.  The  real  explanation 
of  this  table  lies  in  tlic  fact  that  the  movement  of  slaves 
was  steadily  toward  the  lower  South  and  Southwest, 
where  the  proportion  in  the  entire  population,  as  will 
be  perceivetl  from  Table  20,  was  becoming  very  large, 

'  Seventh  Census  Compendium,  page  94. 


and  also  in  the  fact  that  the  proportion  of  those  who 
eitlier  owned  slaves  or  were  in  some  manner  identified 
with  slaveholding  was  slowly  but  steadily  decUning. 

TablrG9.— Proportion  of  the  while  population  connected  withiUtve 
ownenhip  in  states  which  reported  slaves  at  both  cerxtxaes:  1790  and 
1850. 


Area  covered . 
Middle  states 


New  Jersey. 
Delaware.... 


Southern  state3.. 


Maryland* 

VirKlnla 

.\orih  Carolina'. 
.South  Carolina.. 

Ooort.'Ja 

Kentucl;y 

Tennessee 


i;m 


ISM 


Number  o( 
persons  in 
white  slave- 
holding 
(amllies. 


480,740 


41,524 


■29,938 
>11,586 

448,216 


«80,724 
■197,351 
<94,418 

48,007 
■13,932 
■10,742 

■2,»{S 


Percent '  Number  of 
of  luUil   '    persons  In 

wbiie  whiteslave- 
popula-  1 1    holding 

tion.         famlliea.i 


17.6 
2&0 


36.6 


38.7 
44.6 
32.7 
34.3 
26.3 
17.6 
9.3 


1,357,700 


6,751 


1,140 
4,611 

1,351,949 


99,847 
313,859 
101,327 
145,897 
219,199 
318,795 
193,025 


Percaot 

of  total 

white 

popula- 

tiOD. 


SIS 


a2 

6.5 


32:1 


21.9 
3&1 
29.2 
53.1 
42.0 
28.7 
25.5 


>  Estimated. 

'Computed  on  the  basis  of  the  combined  white  population  of  .New  Jersey  and 
Delaware. 

•  Includes  Di'strict  of  Colurahia. 
■  Estimated  for  3  rounlia<. 

RATIO  OF    SLAVES    TO    WHITE    PERSONS. 

In  the  Southern  states  as  they  existed  at  the  time 
of  the  First  Census,  the  slaves  numbered  648,651 
and  the  whites,  1,226,057.  Therefore,  for  every  100 
whites  there  were  53  slaves.  This  proportion  varied 
considerably  in  the  7  states  and  territories  included 
in  tliis  group.  The  proportions  of  slaves  to  whites  in 
1790  and  1850,  and  that  of  negroes  to  whites  in  1900, 
were  as  follows : 


Tablk  70.— ratio  of  SLAVES  TO  EVERY  100  WHITE   PERSONS    IN    1790  AND  1850,  AND   OF  NEGROES  TO 

EVERY  100  WHITE  PERSONS  IN  1900. 


1700 

1850 

19M 

STATE  OR   TERRITORT. 

Wblte 
persons. 

Slaves. 

Number 
of  slaves 
to  every 
100  white 
persons. 

White 
persons. 

Slaves. 

Number 
of  slaves 
to  every 
100  white 
persons. 

White 
persons. 

Number 

ofnccroea 

Negroes,      to  every 

100  white 

j  persons. 

Continental  United  States 

3,172,444 

697.624 

22 

HI  .Vuf.OH 

2,ruo,iwo 

.•!.2i>i..3i;i 

If, 

iv..  son.  10<'. 

S.  <iM.  994                   13 

Area  enumerated  In  1790 

3,172,444 

697,621 

■>• 

13 

New  England 

992,384 

3.763 

''i})' 

ii  -.i-;.u-" 

i.,lf/J  1                 1 

\{^\x\e 

06,107 
141,112 

85,072 
373,187 

64,670 
232,236 

954,003 

581,813 
317,456 
313.403 
985,450 

143,875 
363,099 

5,843,163 

692,226 
410,791 
342,771 
2,769,764 
419,050 
892,424 

15.264,839 

1,319 

662 

826 

31,974 

9.093 

15,236 

356,618 

<V 

157 

(') 

(■ 

(' 

1 

958 
2,648 

45,210 

1 
1 

5 

3 

3 

Middle  states 

3,5M 

{■)       t 

3 

314,366 
ll»,954 
423,373 
46,310 

21.193 
11,423 
3, 707 
8,887 

7 

3,048,325 

46,1,509 

2,258,160 

71,160 

7.156,881 

1,812,317 

6,141,664 

153,977 

99,232                   1 

230 

...^.... 

69.844                    4 

Delaware 

2,»6 

3 

30.697                 30 

>  Less  than  1. 


140 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  70  -R\TIO  OF  SLWES  TO  EVERY  100  WHITE  PERSONS  IN   1790  AND  1850,  AND  OF  NEGROES  TO  EVERY 

100  l^'HITE  PERSONS  IN  1900— Continued. 


1790 

1850 

1900 

STATB  OR  TERRITORY. 

White 
persons. 

Slaves. 

Number 
of  slaves 
to  every 
100  white 
persons. 

White 
persons. 

Slaves. 

Number 
of  slaves 
to  every 
100  while 
persons. 

White 
persons. 

Negroes. 

Number 
of  negroes 

to  every 
100  white 

persons. 

Area  enumerated  in  1790— Continued. 

Southern  states 

1,226,057 

648,651 

53 

3,817,186 

1,840,044 

48 

8,772,956 

3,541,147 

40 

20,S,  549 
442,117 
289, 181 
140, 178 
52,886 
61,133 
31,913 

103,036 
292, 627 
100,783 
107,094 
29,264 
12,430 
3,417 

49 
66 
35 
76 
55 
20 
11 

455,884 
894,800 
653,028 
274,503 
120,662 
761,413 
756,836 

7,187,624 

94,056 
472,628 
288,548 
384,984 
149,489 
210,981 
239,459 

1,361,743 

21 
63 
52 
140 
124 
28 
32 

19 

1,143,956 
2,108,088 
1,263,603 
557,807 
297,007 
1,862,309 
1,540,186 

37,244,376 

321,766 
704,221 
624, 469 
782,321 
343,421 
284, 706 
480,243 

4,877,130 

28 

Vireinia*                                              

33 

49 

140 

116 

16 

31 

Added  area 

13 

Northern  states.. 

5,207,988 

87, 422 

2 

25, 775, 870 

495,751 

2 

Obio 

1,955,050 
977, 154 
846, 034 
395,071 
304,766 
6,038 
191,881 
592,004 

4,060,204 
2,458,502 
4,  734,  873 
2,398,563 
2,067.911 
1,737,036 
2,218,667 
2,944,843 
311,712 
380,714 
1,056,526 
1,416,319 

7,595,037 

96,901 

57,505 

85,078 

15,816 

2,542 

4,959 

12,693 

161,234 

286 

465 

6,269 

52,003 

4,351,126 

2 

Indiana 

Ttlinok 

2 

2 

KfifhiVftn 

1 

(') 

(') 

1 

87,422 

16 

5 

North  Dakota 

\^ 

1 

................   ..-..|.. ........ 

4 

1,742,059 

1,274,295 

73 

57 

Georgia  (western  part) 

400,910 
47,203 
426,614 
296,718 
256.491 
154,034 

232,193 
39,310 
342,844 
309,878 
244,809 
58,161 

58 
83 
80 
105 
96 
38 

884,287 
297,333 

1,001,152 
641,200 
729,612 

2,426,609 
302,680 
367,524 
944, 580 

3,873,468 

691,392 
230,730 
827,307 
907,630 
650,804 
620, 722 
36,853 
18,831 
366,856 

30,264 

78 

78 

83 

Mississippi     .        

142 

89 

Texas 

26 

12 

Oklahoma 

5 

Arkansas 

i 

162, 189 

177, .577 

47, 100 
26 

29 

(') 

39 

Western  states 

1 

1 



220,283 
89,051 
529,046 
180,207 
92,903 
272, 405 
35,405 
154,495 
4%,  304 
394.. 582 
1,402,727 

18,790,609 

1,523 

940 

8,570 

1.610 

1,848 

672 

134 

293 

2,514 

1,105 

11,045 

8,028,619 

Colorado 

1 

2 

61,359 

160 

11,330 

Arizona 

2 

Utah 

26 

w 

Nevada 

Washington 

1,049 
12,038 
91,035 

6,222,418 

Oreeon ! 

(=) 

California 

Total  Jor  slave  states " 

1,272,367 

657,538 

52 

3,204,051 

51 

43 

i  Includes  District  of  Columbia. 
» Includes  West  Virginia. 
'  Less  than  1. 

'Delaware,  Maryland  (including  District  of  Columbia),  Virginia  (including  West  Virginia),  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Kentucty,  Tennessee, 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Missouri,  and  Arkansas,  .  <=    .  .  j .  . 


There  were  fewer  slaves  to  every  100  white  persons 
in  1850  than  in  1790  in  the  United  States  and  in  every 
state  north  of  North  Carolina;  but  in  the  other  states 
of  the  original  area  the  proportion  increased.  The 
increase  was  particularly  heavy  in  South  Carolina, 
where  there  were  nearly  twice  as  many  slaves  to  every 
100  of  the  white  population  in  1850  as  in  1790.  In 
this  state  and  in  Mississippi  are  found  the  highest  pro- 
portions of  negroes  to  whites  in  1900. 

For  the  slave  states  as  a  whole  the  number  of  slaves 
to  every  100  white  persons  was  slightly  smaller  in  1850 
than  in  1790.  The  proportion  was  higher  in  the  South- 
ern states  of  the  added  area  than  in  the  group  of  South- 
ern states  enumerated  at  the  First  Census. 


VALUE    OF    SLAVES. 

Statistics  relating  to  slaves  in  the  United  States  in 
1790  would  not  be  complete  without  reference  to  the 
property  value  which  they  represented.  Writers  upon 
this  subject  have  estimated  that  at  the  period  of  taking 
the  First  Census  the  average  price  of  negroes  in  the 
United  States  varied  from  $150  to  $200.  It  must  be 
remembered  that  a  comparison  of  values,  whether  of 
slaves,  real  estate,  or  other  property,  at  that  period 
with  the  present  one  is  comparatively  unsatisfactory, 
owing  to  the  change  which  has  occurred  during  the 
century  in  the  relative  value  of  money.  Such  valu- 
ations should  be  considered  only  in  relation  to  the 


STATISTICS  OF  SLAVES. 


141 


valuation  of  other  propcrt}'  at  that  period ;  or,  if  they 
are  considered  in  terms  of  money  in  1900,  not  less  than 
double  the  figure  specified  siiould  be  allowed. 

Considered  in  terms  of  money  values  at  that  period, 
the  slaves  in  New  England  in  1790  had  a  value  of  more 
than  $500,000  and  those  in  the  Middle  states  a  value 
ofapproximately  $7,000,000.  Hence  about  6  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  slaves  was  contributed  by  the 
Northern  states. 

In  view  of  the  large  total  represented  by  the  preced- 
ing computation,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  at  the 
date  or  the  First  Census  slaves  represented  a  large  pro- 
portion (possibly  larger  than  at  an}'  subsequent  period) 
of  the  total  property  value  of  the  United  States. 

Upon  the  basis  of  an  average  price  of  negroes  of 
$150,'  the  wealth  of  the  United  States  in  slaves  in  1790 
was  as  follows: 

'  Political  Science  Quarterly,  Vol.  XX,  pages  264-267. 


Table    71. — Number  and    value   of  tlava    held,    by  lUiUt   and 
territoria:  1790. 


STATE  OB  TIBUIOBr. 

Number. 

Viloa. 

United  states 

007,024 

8104. 643.  too 

3,763 

564,480 

Maine 

187 

23,640 

Mikvsu'hiLsetU 

as8 

2,048 
4S,210 

397,200 

Middle  states 

0.781  SOO 

New  York  

21,193 
11,423 
3,707 
8,887 

648,061 

3.178,950 

1,713.480 

886.080 

New  Jersey 

Delaware , , 

1,333,080 

97.297.680 

103,036 
292.  <B7 
100,783 
107,094 
29.264 
12,430 
3,417 

18, 488. 400 

Vlrtiinla 

43.894,080 

North  Carolina 

18,117  480 

10,064,100 

Georgia 

4,389,600 

1,864,800 
812,880 

XV.  OCCUPATIONS  AND  WEALTH. 

OCCUPATIONS  —  OF  HEADS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  PHILA- 
DELPHIA AND  SOUTHWARK  IN  1790  —  IN  UNITED 
STATES  IN  1850  AND  1900  —  APPROXIMATE  WEALTH 
IN     1790  —  INDUSTRY    AND    WEALTH,    1850    AND     1900. 


Population  change  in  the  United  States  is  closely 
connected  with  national  prosperity.  Throughout  the 
century  the  citizens  of  the  Republic,  whether  native 
or  foreign,  have  continually  expanded  their  enter- 
prises, and  created  and  maintained  an  insistent  de- 
mand for  labor.  This  in  turn,  as  pointed  out  by  Mal- 
thus  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century,  stimulated 
population  increase  at  certain  periods,  and  in  many 
localities. 

OCCUPATIONS. 

The  character  of  the  occupations  in  which  the  people 
of  a  community  are  engaged  affects  to  some  degree  the 
increase  of  population,  through  exerting  a  direct  influ- 
ence upon  the  health,  vitality,  temperament,  and  hap- 
piness of  the  active  workers.  During  at  least  the  first 
half  century  of  the  existence  of  the  Republic,  and 
possibly  longer,  the  occupations  of  the  people  were 
conducive  to  health  and  industrial  independence,  and 
therefore  in  general  tended  to  encourage  population 
increase. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  none  of  the  earlier  censuses 
afford  any  satisfactory  returns  from  which  to  compute 
the  number  of  persons  engaged  even  in  the  principal 
callings.  Except  for  Southwark  and  part  of  Phila- 
delphia, the  schedules  of  the  First  Census  contain  no 
information  upon  this  important  subject.  Such  infor- 
mation as  is  presented  for  these  two  relates  only  to 
heads  of  families.  The  fact  that  the  enumerator,  soon 
after  completmg  his  work,  published  a  city  directory 
in  which  he  utilized  the  information  contained  upon 
the  schedules,  suggests  that  the  gratuitous  information 
there  shown  was  obtained  with  the  intention  of  ulti- 
mate use  in  this  directory,  rather  than  for  census  pur- 
poses. After  the  passage  of  a  century,  however,  the 
Philadelphia  and  Southwark  returns  possess  some  inter- 
est, in  that  they  reflect  the  activities  of  the  metropolis 
of  the  Republic  in  1790,  as  shown  by  the  callings  of 
heads  of  households. 

Occupations  of  heads  of  families  in  Philadelphia  and 
Southwark  in  1790. — At  the  First  Census  the  popula- 
(1421 


tion  of  Philadelphia  and  of  Southwark  was  returned 
as  follows : 


CITY. 

Heads  of 
families. 

Total 
popula- 
tion. 

4,312 

28,522 

Northern  district  (between  Vine  and  Race  streets) 

Middle  district  (from  the  north  side  ot  Chestnut  street  to 
the  south  side  of  Race  street)                        

878 
1,930 
1,504 

970 

3,938 
13, 674 

Southern  district  ( from  the  south  side  of  Chestnut  street  to 
the  north  side  of  South  street) 

10,910 

Southwark                             

5,663 

The  occupations  of  the  heads  of  families  were  re- 
turned for  the  middle  and  southern  districts,  compris- 
ing 3,434  heads  of  families  (79.6  per  cent  of  the  total 
number)  and  24,584  population,  and  for  the  whole  of 
Southwark.  A  classification  of  the  occupations  shown 
results  as  follows : 

Table  72. — Heads  of  families  in  the  middle  and  southern  districts  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  Southwark,  classified  according  to  occupa- 
tion: 1790. 


OCCUPATION. 


All  heads  of  families . 


Returned  with  occupation.. 
Agricultural  pursuits. , . 
Professional  service 


Artists 

Attorneys  at  law 

Clergymen 

Doctors  of  physic,  surgeons,  dentists,  etc . 

Officials  (government) 

Schoolmasters  and  professors 

All  other  professional  services 


Domestic  and  personal  service . 


Middle 

and 
southern 
districts 
of  Phila- 
delphia. 


3,434 


220 


25 
11 
27 
79 
71 
S 

443 


Barbers  and  hairdressers 

Boarding  and  lodging  house  keepers. 

Inn  and  tavern  keepers 

Laborers,  porters,  helpers,  etc 

Nurses  and  midlives 


Trade  and  transportation. 


Bankers  and  brokers 

Clerks  and  accountants 

Draymen  and  carters 

Uucksters  and  peddlers 

Merchants  and  dealers 

Sea  captains,  mariners,  mates,  etc. 


59 

17 

128 

239 


934 


27 
20 
14 
26 
779 
68 


South- 
wark. 


970 


827 


35 


1 
2 
4 
4 
10 
14 


236 


22 

200 

2 

183 


1 
5 
3 
1 

S7 
116 


OCCUPATIONS  AND  WEALTH. 


148 


Table  72. — HeadB  nf  families  in  the  middle  and  southern  districts  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  Southwark,  classified  according  to  occupa- 
tion: 1790 — Continued. 


Middle 

and 

southern 

South- 

districts 

wark. 

of  Phila- 

delphia. 

Returned  with  occupation — Continued. 
Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits. 


Bakers  and  confectioners , 

Blacksmiths 

BrewtTs , 

Bhckmakersand  potters , 

Bricklayers 

Butchers , 

Cabinetmakers , 

Carpcnlors  and  joiners: 

House 

Ship 

Clock  and  watch  makers 

Coopers 

Goldsmiths  and  silversmiths 

Harness  and  saddle  makers 

Leather  curriers  and  tanners 

Mantuamakers  and  seamstresses. . 

Metal  workers 

Painters,  glaziers,  etc 

Plasterers 

Print  ers.  bookbinders,  etc 

Ropemakers 

Shoemakers 

Stonei'utters 

Tailors 


Textile  workers 

Tinmen 

Weavers 

Wheelwrights 

Miscellaneous  Industries. 

Returned  without  occupation. . . 


'  Includes  51  reported  as  "Rcntleraen." 
*  Includes  9  reported  as  "  gentlemen." 

The  above  table  indicates  that  about  four-fifths  of 
the  heads  of  famiUes  in  the  two  districts  of  Pliihidelphia 
under  consideration,  and  a  slightly  larger  proportion  of 
those  in  Southwark,  were  gainfully  employed.  The 
classification  of  the  1790  returns  available  for  Phila- 
delphia and  Southwark  under  the  5  main  occupation 
groups  employed  by  the  Census  results  as  follows: 


PHILADELPHIA. 

.  SOtrtHWABE. 

occcTATioN  asot;p. 

Heads  of 
families. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

neadsof 
families. 

Per  cent 

distribu- 
tion. 

2,758 

loao 

827 

loao 

15 

220 

443 

934 

1,146 

as 
ao 

16.1 
33  9 
41.6 

3 
35 
236 
183 
370 

a4 

Professional  service. . .            

4.2 

2a5 

Trade  and  transportation.        

22.1 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits. 

44.7 

From  the  proportions  indicated  for  the  different 
groups,  it  is  clear  that  Southwark,  hke  many  towns 
on  the  outskirts  of  lai^e  cities  at  the  present  time, 
included  a  large  proportion  of  persons  who  were  wage- 
earners  or  followed  the  humbler  callings. 

The  proportions  shown  for  Philadelphia  can  not  be 
compared  \vitli  the  occupation  returns  secured  at 
recent  censuses,  because  these  include  the  occupations 
of  all  persons  gainfully  employed,  whether  heads  of 
famiUes  or  not.  The  number  and  proportion  of  per- 
sons above  the  age  of  10  reported  in  each  occupation 
group  in  Pluladelphia  in  1900  were  as  follows  • 


OEocr. 

PZSaoira  OAIUFULLT 
ZHTLOTKO. 

OCCtTTATIOM 

Number. 

Per  coot 

disuibu- 

tlon. 

All  occupations 

208,821 

loao 

Agricultural  pursuits 

s.Ma 

I-.:i.7il 
1  "-■  .''.2 
lii/,  197 

1  0 

rrofesslonal  wrvire 

4.9 

IJomestiL-  and  p<^rsonal  service.. . 

Manutacturinf  and  medualcal  punulu 

4&.8 

Occupations  in  the  United  States  in  IS50  and  1900. — 
The  first  reasonably  complete  return  of  the  occupations 
of  individuals  was  that  of  1850.  Some  comparisons 
can  be  made  of  |)roportions  shown  in  that  year  with 
similar  proportions  in  1900.  Even  for  so  brief  a  period 
as  the  half  century  which  elapsed  from  1850  to  1900, 
however,  comparisons  can  not  be  entirely  satisfactory. 
The  activities  of  the  community  have  been  in  a  state  of 
continual  expansion.  While  certain  occupations,  such 
as  agriculture,  have  remained  the  same,  or  so  nearly 
the  same  that  comparison  can  readily  be  made,  other 
Unes  of  activity  have  changed  so  greatly  as  to  make 
comparisons  misleading,  and  in  man}'  instances  impos- 
sible. From  j'ear  to  year  new  occupations  are  cre- 
ated, drawing  some  of  the  activities  of  the  community 
from  the  older  callings,  and  these  in  turn  are  surpassed 
in  importance  by  others.  Thus,  even  though  a  stand- 
ard occupation,  or  group  of  occupations,  may  have 
growTi  steadily  and  perhaps  to  a  remarkable  degree, 
the  proportionate  part  which  it  forms  of  all  caUings 
may  have  tended  to  become  less. 

In  1850,  90.8  per  cent  of  all  white  males  15  years 
of  age  and  over  were  gainfully  employed;  in  1900  the 
corresponding  percentage  was  87.6.  The  distribution 
of  tliis  element  of  the  population  in  5  occupation 
groups  is  as  follows: 

Table  73. — Number  and  per  cent  distribution  of  white  maUi  IS 
years  of  age  and  over  engaged  in  5  main  groups  of  occupations: 
1850  and  19U0. 


18W 

ISOO 

OOCITPATION  OBOUP. 

Number. 

Percent 

distribu- 

tioo. 

Number. 

Percent 

dislTtbo- 
Uoo. 

5.210,M7 

loao 

19,t61,7M 

loao 

•2,298,870 
159,430 
978,131 
481,741 

1,291,875 

44.1 
3.1 

18.8 
9.3 

24.8 

7,195,521 

793,180 

2.689,133 

3, 949, 202 

S,354,«a8 

a&o 

4.0 

Domestic  and  personal  servic* 

11.4 

lt.S 

Mauufat  tunng  and  mechanical  pur- 

X.8 

1  Not  Including  42,3ro  students  and  cadets  and  1 19,459  free  oohmd  males. 

Possibly  the  most  significant  fact  shown  by  the 
foregoing  table  is  the  marked  increase  during  the  last 
half  centurj-  in  the  relative  importance  of  trade  and 
transportation,  at  the  expense  of  agricultural  pursuits 
and  of  domestic  and  personal  service.  While  in  1900, 
as  in  1850,  agriculture  gave  employment  to  a  larger 


144 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


number  than  any  other  class,  the  proportion  in  this 
group  decreased  during  the  half  centuiy. 

INDUSTRY   AND    WEALTH. 

No  reliable  .statistics  either  of  the  industry  or  of  the 
wealth  of  the  nation  at  the  beginning  of  Constitutional 
Government  can  be  obtained.'  Attention  has  already 
been  directed,  however,  to  the  fact  that  in  1790  the 
population  was  almost  entirely  agricultural.  More- 
over, it  has  been  shown  that  at  the  period  under  con- 
sideration urban  population  was  almost  a  negligible 
quantity,  and  that  the  variations  in  social  and  eco- 
nomic conditions  were  much  less  marked  than  they  are 
to-dav.  Hence  there  is  some  justification  for  the 
belief  that  property,  limited  in  amount  though  it  was, 
was  much  more  evenly  distributed  in  1 790  than  at  the 
present  time.  The  total  lack  of  statistics  upon  this 
subject  justifies  some  computation,  provided  a  rea- 
sonable basis  can  be  found. 

Approximate  wealth  in  1790. — It  has  alreadj^  been 
shown  that  in  1790  the,  population  of  the  Republic 
was  engaged  principally  in  agricultural  pursuits;  in- 
deed, it  has  been  estimated  that  agriculture  supported 
90  per  cent  of  the  people.  If  it  be  granted  that  at 
least  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  people  were  so  en- 
gaged, it  may  be  assumed  that  in  most  instances  a 
dwelling  represented  a  farm,  so  that  the  number  of 
houses  must  roughly  indicate  the  number  of  farms,  or 
of  buildings  of  similar  average  value  in  villages  and 
towns.  To  this  number  should  be  added  the  business 
properties  which  existed  in  all  fair-sized  communities. 

The  number  of  dwellings  in  the  United  States  in 
1790  has  been  established  with  reasonable  accuracy 
in  a  preceding  chapter  as  464,309.  Dr.  James  Mease 
states,  in  A  Picture  of  Philadelphia,  published  in  1811, 
that  in  1790  the  city  contained  6,'651  dwelling  houses 
and  415  stores  and  workshops.  It  thus  appears  that 
in  Philadelphia,  at  the  period  of  the  First  Census,  the 
number  of  buildings  other  than  dwellings  (and  the 
outhouses  connected  with  or  dependent  upon  dwell- 
ings) was  equivalent  to  approximately  7  per  cent  of 
all  dwellings.  If  the  proportion  here  shown  for  Phila- 
delphia be  assumed  to  be  correct  for  the  country  as  a 
whole,  the  entire  number  of  stores,  factories,  work- 
shops, churches,  and  public  buildings  was  32,501. 
Tliis,  added  to  the  number  of  dwellings,  makes  a  total 
of  496,810  buildings,  most  of  wliich,  as  already  sug- 
gested, were  houses  upon  farms. 

In  1900  the  average  value  of  farms  was  $2,200.  If 
about  one-third  of  tliis  figure,  or  $700,  be  accepted  as 
representing  an  approximate  average  value  for  all 
real  estate  holdings,  and  to  this  figure  be  added  the 
approximate  value  of  slaves  as  already  established,^ 

'Mulhall  places  the  aggregate  wealth  of  the  United  States  in 
1790  at  $620,000,000,  divided  as  follows:  Lands,  $479  000  000- 
houses,  etc.,  $141,000,000. 

^  See  page  141. 


and  an  allowance  for  all  other  values,  including  farm 
animals,  the  following  results  appear: 

Buildings  and  real  estate $347,767,000 

Slaves 104, 643,  600 

All  other  property,  including  farm  animals 100, 000, 000 

Total 552, 410, 600 

As  admitted  at  the  outset,  no  accurate  measure- 
ment of  the  wealth  of  the  nation  at  the  beginning  of 
Constitutional  Government  has  been  or  can  be  made; 
but  the  foregoing  analysis  serves  at  least  to  indicate 
that  in  1790  the  value  of  all  property  could  not  greatly 
have  exceeded  8500,000,000  according  to  the  stand- 
ards of  value  at  that  time. 

If  the  total  here  shown  is  accepted  as  representing 
a  fair  approximation  of  the  value  existing  at  the 
period  under  consideration,  the  per  capita  value, 
based  upon  the  free  population  shown  in  1790,  was 
$171.  It  will  be  remembered,  however,  that  standards 
of  value  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century  were 
much  lower  than  at  the  present  time,  so  that  in  pres- 
ent day  terms  the  values  above  shown  would  probably 
be  represented  by  not  less  than  twice  the  figures 
stated.  Hence,  if  comjjuted  according  to  the  stand- 
ards of  1900,  a  total  valuation  of  $552,410,600  in  1790 
would  represent  not  less  than  $1,000,000,000  in  1900, 
and  a  per  capita  valuation  of  between  $300  and  $400. 

Upon  the  basis  of  wealth  as  outlined  above,  the 
aggregate  and  per  capita  wealth  of  the  United  States 
in  1790,  by  specified  geographic  divisions,  was  as 
follows : 

Table  Tl. — Aggregate  and  per  capita  wealth  of  the  free  population, 
by  geographic  divisions:  1790. 


GEOGRAPHIC  DmSION. 

Aggregate. 

Per 
capita. 

United  States... 

$552,410,600 

$170. 92 

New  England  ... 

138.731,444 
141,320,642 
272,368,514 

137. 98 

145.41 

Southern  states 

217.07 

From  this  computation  it  appears  probable  that  at 
the  period  of  the  First  Census  the  per  capita  wealth  of 
the  free  population  was  greatest  in  the  Southern 
states.  The  known  facts  undoubtedly  serve  to  sub- 
stantiate this  conclusion.  In  the  Southern  states  the 
population  was  comparatively  small  considering  the 
area;  the  farms  had  become  plantations,  in  connection 
with  which  the  value  not  only  of  the  real  property, 
improvements,  and  live  stock,  but  also  of  slaves, 
was  to  be  considered.  The  leadership  of  the  South 
in  wealth  is  further  indicated  by  the  fact  that  in  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1787  the  Southern  states 
demanded  representation  according  to  their  free  popu- 
lation and  three-fifths  of  the  number  of  their  slaves, 
on  the  ground  that  they  possessed  larger  property 
interests  than  the  Northern  states,  so  that,  if  direct 
taxes    on    property    were    imposed    by    the    Federal 


OCCUPATIONS  AND  WEALTH. 


145 


Government,  they  would  have  to  pay  larger  amounts 
in  proportion  to  their  representation. 

The  great  wealth  which  the  New  England  and 
Middle  states  have  acquired  during  the  century  fol- 
lowing the  first  enumeration  has  resulted  principally 
from  extraordinary'  industrial  development.  In  1790 
the  inhabitants  of  the  New  England  states  were 
engaged  almost  exclusively  in  agriculture;  with  the 
meager  agricultural  resources  existing  in  that  section 
it  could  not  be  expected  that,  even  with  the  highest 
development,  farm  values  and  farm  products  would 
prove  proportionately  large  when  compared  with  those 


in  portions  of  the  Republic  more  highly  favored  by 
climate  and  fertility  of  soil.  Practically  the  same 
conditions  prevailed  in  the  Middle  states,  although 
somewhat  greater  natural  resources,  and  the  increased 
values  resulting  from  such  cities  as  New  York  and 
Philadelphia,  served  to  make  the  per  capita  value  of 
property  slightly  greater  than  that  of  NeV  England. 

Comparison  of  1S.50  with  1900. — The  following  table 
presents  such  comparisons  as  are  possible  concerning 
the  material  resources  of  continental  United  States 
and  also  of  the  area  enumerated  in  1790,  at  the  cen- 
suses from  1850  to  1900: 


Table  75.-C0MPARIS0N  OF  GROWTH  IX  AREA,  POPULATION,  AGRICULTURE,  MA.\UF.\CTURE.S  \XD  N  \TIOXAL 
WEALTH,  FOR  THE  TOTAL  AREA  OF  COXTIXEXTAL  UXITED  STATES  AXD  FOR  THE  ARE\  ENUMERVTED  IN 
1790:  1S50  TO  1900.  '       '      " 


CON-nNENTAL  UOTfED  STATES. 

.\rea  enumerated. 

Population. 

Agriculture. 

Manufactures- 
value  of  prtyl- 
ucts. 

CENSUS  TEAR. 

Sqaare  miles. 

Per  cent 
area  enu- 
merated In 
1790  forms 
of  total 
area  enu- 
merated 
at  each 
census. 

Acres  of  Im- 
proved land. 

Value  of  farm 
property.' 

National  wealth- 
value  of  all  prop- 
erty. 

1850 

1,519,170 
1,951,520 
2,126,290 
2,727,454 
2,974,159 
2,974,159 

432,350 
174,770 
601,164 
246,705 

27.5 
21.4 
19.6 
15.3 
14.0 
14.0 

23,191,876 
31,443.321 
38.558,371 
50,155,783 
62,947,714 
76,994,575 

8,251,445 
7,115.050 
11,597,412 
12,791,931 
13,046,861 

113.032.614 
163.110.720 
188.921.099 
284.771.042 
357.616.755 
414,498,487 

50.078.106 
25.810,379 
95.849.943 
72,845,713 
56,881,732 

13,967,343,580 
7,980, 4«.  063 

8,944,857,749 

•12.180.501.538 

•16.082.267.689 

20,439,901,164 

4,013.149.483 
964. 364, 6^0 
3.23.5.643.  TS9 
3.001.766,151 
4,357,633,475 

11,019, 106,616 
1,885.861.678 
4.232.325.442 
5.369,579.191 
9.372.378.843 

13,010,036,514 

886.7.55,060 
2.346.463.766 
1.1.37.153.749 
4.002.799,652 
3,637,657,671 

1860 

>t7,135,7>0,29B 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

88,517,306,776 

!>.fpn.W..<40 

Increase: 

1850  to  1860 

1860  to  1870 

1870  to  ISSO 

1880  to  1890 

1890  to  1900 

23,45U,2U578 

ABEA  ENUMERATED  IN  1790. 

Population. 

Agrloilture. 

Uanu  factu  res— value 
of  products. 

National  wealth- 
value  of  all  property. 

CEKSVS  YEAR. 

Acres  of  Improved 
land. 

Value  of  farm  prop- 
erty. ' 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Amoaat. 

Per 
center 
total. 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

14,569.584 
17.326,157 
19.687,504 
23.925.639 
28,188.321 
33,553,630 

2.756,573 
2. 361.. 347 
4.238,135 
4,262,682 
5,365,309 

62.8 
55.1 
51.6 
47.7 
44.8 
44.2 

33.4 
33.2 
36.5 
33.3 
41.1 

70,223,511 
81,933,952 
80.672.316 
95.001,365 
97.236,806 
99,947,259 

11,710,441 
•1,261,636 
14,329,049 
2,234,440 
2,711.454 

62.1 
50.2 
42.7 
33.4 
27.2 
24.1 

23.4 

(') 

14.9 
3.1 
4.7 

12, 613.  ,195. 463 
4,195,624.9:i9 
4.  ISfi.fiTli.^fi;! 
4.7.1S.167.3'.4 
4.  K2S.  7SS.  4(VS 
5,000.462,719 

1.. 582. 029.  476 

<  58. 948. 476 

601.490.921 

90,621,084 

171,674,251 

65.9 
52.5 
34.0 
38.9 
30.0 
24.4 

39.4 

V^.6 
2.3 
3.9 

1835.489.765 
1,407,690,264 
2,967,465,381 
3.559,794,469 
5.563,835,986 
7,487,459,407 

572.200.499 
1,559.775.117 

592.329.088 
2.004.041,517 
1,923,623,421 

81.2 
74.6 
70.0 
66.3 
59.4 
67.4 

66.0 
66.5 
52.1 
50.1 
52.5 

•»4.930, 793.981 
"9.102.463,876 

'14,725.586.812 
22,348,012,800 
27,632,937,908 
40,296,048,530 

4,171,669,895 
5.623,122.936 
7.622.425.988 
5.284.925.198 
12,063.110.5X2 

69.1 
56.3 
61.2 
51.2 

1900 

Increase  : 

18.50  to  1860 

I860  to  IS70 

45.5 

46.2 
71.2 

I870tois.so , 

38.9 

1880tOlS90 

24  7 

1890  to  1000 

53.9 

PER  CENT  or  INCREASE. 


Agriculture. 

Haoufactares— value 
of  products— 

National  wealth— 
value  of  all  property— 

CENBTS  TEAR. 

Acres  of  Improved 
land- 

Valoe  of  ftirm  prop- 
erty- 

In  total 
area. 

Inaimenti' 

meratedin 

1790. 

In  total 
area. 

In  area  enu- 
merated In 
1790. 

Of  total 
area. 

Of  area  enu- 
merated In 
1790. 

In  total 
area. 

In  area  enu- 
merated In 
1790. 

In  toul 
area. 

In  area  enu- 

merate<l  In 

1790. 

1850tolS60 ..                  

35.6 
22.6 
30.1 
25.5 
20.7 

18.9 
13.6 
21.5 
17.8 
19.0 

44.3 
15.8 
50.7 
25.6 
15.9 

16.7 
•1.6 
17.8 
2.4 
2.8 

101.2 
12.1 
36.2 
32.0 
27.1 

60.6 

•1.4 

14.5 

1.9 

3.S 

86.1 
124.4 
26.9 
74.6 
38.8 

68.6 
110.8 
20.0 
66.3 
34.6 

128.6 
48.9 
81.4 
49.0 
36.1 

84.8 

186010  1870 

61.8 

1870tol8S0 

61.8 

1880  to  1890 

21.8 

1890  to  1900 

4S.8 

»  The  value  of  farm  property  Is  Included  as  a  part  of  the  national  wealth. 
'  Taxable  property  only. 


'  IncludUiK  csttmated  value  of  rmnge  animals. 
*  Hccrcase. 


146 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


As  shown  by  the  table,  the  growth  of  the  added  area 
reduced  the  proportion  which  the  area  enumerated  in 
1790  formed  of  the  total  area  by  approximately  one- 
half— from  two-sevenths  in  1850  to  one-seventh  in 
1900.  During  the  same  period  the  proportion  which 
the  population,  value  of  manufactured  products,  and 
national  wealth  in  the  original  area  formed  of  the  cor- 
resjjondmg  totals  for  the  United  States,  declined  only 
about  one-tliird.  These  changes  reflect  a  noteworthy 
growth  in  the  original  area.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
relative  importance  of  agricultural  operations  in  the 
original  area,  as  measured  both  by  the  acreage  of 
improved  land  and  by  the  value  of  farm  property,  was 
only  one-third  as  great  in  1900  as  in  1850 — a  fact 
which  reflects  the  rapid  development  of  the  fertile  areas 
in  the  West  and  Southwest. 

Wlien  the  changes  in  proportions  outlined  above  are 
considered  by  decades,  it  is  found  that  the  changes  in 
population,  acreage  of  improved  agricultural  land, 
and  value  of  manufactured  products  were  progressive. 
It  is  significant  that  the  decrease  in  the  relative  im- 
portance of  the  original  area  was  more  rapid  during  the 
early  part  of  the  half  century  than  at  its  close.  Dur- 
ing the  last  decade  the  proportion  of  population  de- 
creased less  than  1  per  cent  and  that  of  manufactures 
but  2  per  cent,  while  the  proportion  of  national  wealth 
showed  an  increase  of  3  per  cent.  Only  in  the  agri- 
cultural operations  was  a  marked  decreas  estiU  evi- 
dent in  the  proportion  contributed  by  the  older  area 
as  compared  with  that  of  the  newer. 

The  above  analysis  of  proportions  shown  for  the 
original  area  receives  further  confirmation  upon  exam- 
ining the  percentages  of  increase  in  Table  75.  In 
every  instance,  except  for  the  national  wealth  in  the 
decades  1860  to  1870  and  1890  to  1900,  the  percentage 
of  increase  was  higher  for  the  country  as  a  whole — 
and  hence,  obviously  for  the  added  area — than  for 
the  original  area.  Both  areas  showed  marked  in- 
creases in  the  value  of  manufactured  products  and  in 
aggregate  wealth.  In  the  case  of  the  two  items  used 
as  a  measure  of  changes  in  agriculture,  however,  the 
difference  between  the  two  areas  is  very  striking — 
the  original  area  showing  relatively  small  increases, 
and  in  one  decade,  1860  to  1870,  a  decrease. 


The  marked  differences  in  the  contributions  of 
different  sections  to  the  national  resources  are  clearly 
indicated  by  the  following  per  capita  values : 


GEOGRAPHIC  DmSION. 

VALUE  OPFABM 
PROPEETY. 

VALnEOFMAN- 
UFACTURED 
PRODUCTS. 

AGGREGATE 
WEALTH. 

18501 

1900  = 

1830  > 

1900  3 

18»)i 

1900' 

Continental  United  States. 

$202.90 

$305.94 

$52. 12 

$194.73 

$364.94 

$1,324.93 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

304,72 

164.  22 

65.44 

245. 90 

386.23 

1,323.39 

New  England  and  Middle 

199.58 
215.16 

199.47 

143.87 
208.05 

424.63 

84.29 
27.26 

27.00 

314.71 
97.75 

151.89 

368.74 
421.69 

324.90 

1,563.99 

805.39 

Added  area 

1,326.21 

1  Computed  on  basis  of  free  population. 
-  Computed  on  basis  of  white  population. 

Discussion  of  the  aggregate  wealth  of  the  original 
and  added  areas  necessitates  some  reference  to  the 
value  of  slaves  in  1850.  Writers  of  that  period  '  esti- 
mated the  average  value  per  slave,  for  all  ages,  at 
$400.  Accepting  this  as  an  approximate  figure,  the 
total  value  of  slaves  was  $828,336,000  in  the  original 
area  and  $451,809,600  in  the  added  area,  or  about 
twice  as  great  in  the  original  slave  states  as  in  those 
erected  from  territory  added  after  1790.  Out  of  a 
total  valuation  of  the  real  and  personal  property  in 
the  slaveholding  states  amounting  to  nearly  $2,000,- 
000,000,  the  value  of  slaves  formed  43.5  per  cent. 

If  the  total  wealth  of  the  United  States  in  1790  (on 
the  basis  of  the  present  standard  of  values)  be  accepted 
as  approximately  .$1,000,000,000,  the  increase  from 
1790  to  1900  approaches  ninetyfold.  During  the  period 
mentioned,  the  population  of  the  United  States  in- 
creased f ourteenfold ;  hence,  while  the  population 
increased  at  a  rate  far  in  advance  of  that  shown  by 
any  other  civilized  nation  during  the  same  period,  the 
increase  of  wealth  in  the  United  States  far  outstripped 
that  of  population. 

'  The  total  value  of  all  slaves  in  1850  waell, 280,145,600,  computed 
upon  the  average  value  of  $400  per  head  (Hinton  Helper:  The 
Impending  Crisis,  jjage  306,  Table  58,  N.  Y.,  1860).  The  average 
value  of  boys  and  girls,  men  and  women  between  the  ages  of  about 
15  and  25,  as  recorded  by  Mr.  Frederick  Law  Olmsted  (A  Journey 
in  the  Seaboard  Slave  States,  page  38),  was  $739  in  Virginia  in  1853. 
If  young  children  and  men  and  women  above  the  age  of  25  be  in- 
cluded to  old  age,  it  is  probable  that  a  general  average  of  not  more 
than  1400,  as  quoted  by  Helper,  would  result. 


ENUMERATIONS  OF  POPULATION 

IN    NORTH    AMERICA 

PRIOR  TO   1790 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


149 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Table  76. -A  GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  TOWNS  IN  THE  PROVINCE 
OF  NEW  HAMPSUIRE,  AS  APPEARS  BY  THE  RETURNS  OF  THE  SELECTMEN  FROM  EACH  PLACE,  IN  THE  YEAR 
1767.' 


NAME  OF  THE  TOWNS. 

Unmarried 
men  from 
IGtoCO. 

Married 
men  from 
16  to  GO. 

Boys  from 

16  years  d: 

under. 

Hon  60 
years  <i: 
above. 

Females 
unmarried. 

Females 
married. 

llala  slaves. 

Female 
slaves. 

Widows. 

Total. 

75 
86 
27 
35 
42 

87 
30 
36 
18 
31 

32 
440 
37 
11 
186 

54 
31 
72 
27 
235 

SO 
151 
24 
10 
17 

15 
13 
8 
16 
11 

10 
12 
73 
23 
28 

51 
14 
9 
7 
16 

36 
41 
25 
46 

62 

62 
58 
120 
17 
18 

3 
25 
66 
30 
49 

81 
20 
4 
104 
63 

8 
110 
73 
51 
27 

21 
30 
9 
59 
51 

35 

15 
18 
49 
17 

27 
37 
03 
19 
48 

28 
50 
99 
86 
42 

98 
142 
37 
64 
81 

125 
56 
54 
23 
31 

69 

641 

75 

25 

217 

95 
44 

120 
68 

272 

83 
241 
52 
20 
21 

25 
27 
15 
5 
26 

2 
30 
133 
49 
71 

66 
20 
16 
22 
9 

79 
59 
39 
109 
125 

107 
09 

182 
45 
36 

16 
41 
161 
74 
75 

117 

47 

12 

106 

147 

50 
108 
132 
68 
62 

78 
43 
31 
71 
73 

107 
40 
47 
85 
33 

20 
81 
138 
50 
96 

93 
58 
205 
142 
82 

184 
257 
79 
107 
123 

299 
107 
95 
36 
62 

151 
900 
141 
42 
347 

162 
86 

195 
99 

571 

146 
384 
104 
36 
36 

30 
50 
19 
3 
16 

3 
50 

245 
82 

112 

84 
25 
25 
36 
7 

155 
105 
TO 
l.W 
1S9 

106 

119 

288 

77 

65 

27 

92 

272 

109 

155 

223 
80 
15 
272 
198 

80 
289 
191'. 

98 
100 

132 
93 
59 

119 
92 

195 
71 
73 

134 
SO 

67 
154 

239 
117 
162 

142 
lOO 
378 
271 
138 

23 
26 
12 
10 
8 

30 
4 
1 
2 
0 

10 
61 
4 
2 
39 

29 
4 

40 
0 

85 

21 

37 

1 

271 
280 
S9 
132 
156 

291 
104 
92 
SO 
72 

169 

1,340 

132 

49 

SOO 

220 
114 
263 
100 
799 

167 
507 
72 
20 
37 

35 
40 
20 

117 
106 
47 
74 
89 

144 
00 
S2 
24 
31 

78 

677 

75 

26 

239 

119 
48 

146 
68 

342 

98 
202 
52 
20 
22 

25 
27 
IS 
5 
26 

2 
30 
100 
54 

■' 

08 

1 

84 
70 
45 
126 
126 

118 
83 

198 
52 
36 

IS 
47 
170 
80 
92 

127 

47 

12 

192 

143 

SO 
190 
153 
85 
63 

81 
51 
38 
92 
85 

116 
40 
44 
97 
33 

33 
81 
155 

66 
105 

96 
81 
214 
163 
83 

8 
3 
2 

1 
1 

19 
0 
0 
0 

9 
2 
2 
1 
0 

10 
0 
0 

1 

20 
22 
19 

4 
9 

39 
4 

3 

4 

805 

984 
284 
428 

cot 

1,044 
365 
333 
158 
227 

520 

4,406 

473 

157 

1,614 

flW 
3S4 

8«a 

3S3 

2,380 

Rochester 

Winchester 

Chesterfield 

Hinsdale 

Plymouth 

2 
124 
0 
0 
19 

1 
1 
0 
0 
13 

11 
28 
0 

2 
63 
0 
0 
9 

2 
0 
0 
0 
10 

8 
22 
0 

7 

220 

9 

2 

S8 

13 
6 

» 
1 

62 

22 
58 
3 

Portsmouth 

New  Durham 

Charlestown 

Candia  

Londonderry . . 

Exeter 

1,690 

Walpole 

112 

Cornish 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

6- 

0 
0 
0 
0 

133 

Alstead 

130 

Clarmont                       

157 

Marlovv 

77 

29 

Hanover 

13 

2 
40 

333 
9« 

103 

149 
14 
26 
39 
10 

153 
180 
80 
223 
204 

250 
170 
407 
83 
62 

3 

80 
292 
178 
176 

227 

79 

24 

386 

269 

78 
357 
295 
154 

92 

134 
117 
81 
192 
143 

219 
66 
67 

109 
SO 

74 

158 
204 
130 
197 

189 
127 
404 
345 
140 

V2 

Canaan     

19 

::::::::::::!:::::::::: 

102 

Kingston 

23 
7 
3 

4 

3 

1 
0 

0 

1 
I 

0 

1 

3 

8 

999 

Swan/y                     

330 

391 

430 

93 

Marlboro'  No.  5 

1 
1 

6 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 

93 

Oilsnrn            

128 

51 

6 

11 
6 
16 

18 

28 

15 

28 

8 

0 

0 
6 

18 
6 

16 

12 

1 

1 

38 

19 

2 
31 
24 
18 

3 

3 
13 

7 
23 
12 

10 
5 
0 

16 
2 

13 

18 
16 
15 
10 

18 
20 
21 
23 
11 

0 
17 

2 
11 

9 

0 
14 
0 
7 
4 

s 

17 

4 

39 

IS 

24 
13 
34 
3 
2 

0 
3 

18 
9 

18 

20 
4 
0 
42 
18 

0 
34 
34 
14 

3 

S 

e 
s 

18 
13 

14 
2 

1 
5 
2 

8 
13 
28 
11 
2S 

16 
12 
20 
33 

4 

S3I 

Newineton 

514 

271 

Rye     

736 

Concord  (formerly  Rumford) 

753 

755 

0 

13 

0 

1 

0 

1 
4 
1 

1 

J 

0 

21 

3 

0 
3 
7 

1 
0 

0 
6 
0 
1 
4 

6 
0 
0 
0 
0 

3 
0 
2 
1 

1 

0 
3 

6 

3 

2 
16 
0 
0 

0 

1 
0 

1 
1 

1 

0 
0 

11 

1 

0 

1 

2 
2 
0 

0 
3 
0 

1 
3 

6 
0 
0 
2 
0 

« 
1 
2 
3 
0 

1 
0 
3 
1 
0 

SJ9 

Newmarket 

1,286 

2SS 

fltevenstown  

210 

04 

2y6 

l.OUl 

Hawk       

488 

583 

Holies               

800 

Mile5  Slip,  between  Holies  &  No.  1 

278 
G8 

1.232 

Parish  of  Lee 

861 

268 

Cheater        

1,180 

South  Hampton 

491 

Wilton 

455 

Bedfoni 

Derr>'t"ieM                                                    

Atlriri'snn 

708 
330 
3» 

557 
1*7 

Litchfield 

•  3.M 

.M3 

S47 
4(11 
644 

Pelhain 

Salem 

North  Hampton..               

5S3 

451 

1,410 

1,064 

503 

Eppinp 

Canterbury 

76292—09- 


'  Provincial  Papers  of  New  Hampshire,  Vol.  Vlt,  pages  168  to  170. 
-U 


>  Corrected  flgtires. 


150 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 


Table  76  -A  GENERVL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  SEVERAL  TOWNS  IN  THE  PROVINCE 
OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  AS  APPEARS  BY  THE  RETURNS  OF  THE  SELECTMEN  FROM  EACH  PLACE,  IN  THE  YEAR 
1767— Continued. 


NAUB  OF  THE  TOWNS. 

Unmarried 
men  from 
16  to  60. 

Married 
men  from 
16  to  60. 

Boys  from 

16  years  & 

under. 

Men  60 
years  & 
above. 

Females 
unmarried. 

Females 
married. 

Male  slaves. 

Female 
slaves. 

Widows. 

Total. 

Haverhill                                   

21 
12 
33 

127 
26 

21 
63 
31 
18 

32 
14 
64 
188 
43 

46 
135 

65 
54 

43 
18 
113 
313 
76 

68 

200 

98 

84 

1 

1 

13 

33 

4 

5 
17 
8 
4 

43 

18 
149 

457 
71 

101 
270 
121 
82 

29 
12 
68 
208 
50 

49 
147 
65 
64 

2 
0 
1 
3 
0 

0 
6 
2 
0 

1 
0 
0 
3 
0 

0 
2 
1 
1 

0 
0 
2 
49 
2 

3 
18 
9 
1 

172 

Orford                                           

75 

443 

1,381 

272 

293 

858 

400 

Rindee                                    

298 

4,510 

17,670 

1  12,924 

11,160 

115,992 

1  8, 467 

384 

249 

1,364 

1  52, 720 

1  Corrected  figures. 
Table  77.— FREE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  BY  COUNTIES   AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1773.' 


COUNTIES   AND  TOWNS. 


Total. 


Rockingham  county. 


AUenstown. 
Atkinson . . . 

Bow 

Brentwood . 
Candia 


Cant<?rbury. 
Chichester. . 

Chester 

Concord 

Deerfield 


Epping 

Epsom 

Exeter 

East  Kingston. 
Greenland 


Hampstead 

Hampton 

Hampton  Falls. 

Hawkes 

Kensington 


Kingston 

Ivondonderry. 

Loudon 

New  Castle... 
Newington . . . 


Newmarket 

Newtown 

North  Hampton. 

Northwood 

Nottingham 


Pelham 

Pembrook. 

Plaistow 

Poplin  * 


Portsmouth. 
Raymond . . . 

Rye 

Sandown 


South  Hampton. 

Seabrook 

Stratham 

Windham 


Strafford  county. . 


Bamstead . . . 
Harrington.. 

Dover 

Durham 

East  Town'. 


Oilman  ton 

Leavilts  Town^. 

Lee 

Madbury 


Meredith 

Moultonborough. . 
New  Durham . . . . 
Kacliester 


Unmarried 
men  from 
10  to  60. 


6,263 


Married 
men  from 
16  to  60. 


8 
39 
S 

78 
52 

66 
29 
151 
96 
68 

121 
18 

129 
29 
70 

58 
80 
44 
25 
65 

110 
228 
12 
58 
46 

113 
52 
47 
9 
49 

49 
45 
49 
35 

617 
44 
69 
54 


48 

77 
51 

932 


12 
110 
172 
108 

20 


17 
73 
58 
146 
111 

96 

44 

229 

151 

143 

225 
53 

252 
54 
85 

106 
120 
146 
71 
107 

142 
299 
36 


178 
74 
96 
49 

139 

95 
110 

78 
83 


113 
81 

67 
94 
138 
56 


1,599 


26 
223 
220 
138 

49 

105 
20 

142 
84 


23 

37 

28 

46 

30 

42 

23 

210 

Boys  16 

years  and 

under. 


18,334 


8,363 


132 

84 
261 
182 

150 
77 
355 
260 
238 

406 
86 

366 
93 

178 

181 
203 
99 
110 
182 

201 
687 
58 
128 
114 

341 

118 

172 

58 

251 

198 
176 
125 
156 


189 
190 
148 

96 
153 
234 
120 


2,742 


1  Provincial  Papers  of  New  Hampshire,  Vol. 

2  Corrected  figiares. 


41 
350 
393 
266 

65 

180 

30 

257 

154 

57 

68 

72  I 

346  ' 

X,  pages  026  to  636. 


Men  60 
years  and 
upwards. 


1,538 


943 


31 
1 
50 
20 
16 

24 
36 
21 
8 
34 

41 
84 
2 
24 
20 

22 
24 
25 
2 
14 

21 
12 
23 
10 

93 
11 
24 

15 

18 
17 
27 
18 

223 


Females 
unmarried. 


22,228 


11,239 


49 
170 
101 
365 
20O 

164 
75 
453 

283 
290 

571 
109 
539 
118 
242 

219 

291 
218 
172 
265 

295 
833 
54 
167 
172 

435 
189 
228 
77 
283 

193 
186 
194 
178 

1,346 
222 
259 
182 

163 
166 
.•i82 
161 

3,221 


Females 
married. 


11,887 
6,695 


Widows. 


1,569 


1,034 


41 

397 
514 
3.36 
64 

188 
34 
309 
199 

64 
68 


21 
87 
58 
175 
112 

104 
46 
261 
154 
151 

246 
63 

270 
72 

103 

125 
151 
96 
81 
141 

172 
357 
38 
lOO 

77 

188 
95 

116 
51 

139 

114 
119 
101 
91 

682 
107 
132 
95 

81 
103 
161 

69 

1,776 


29 

223 
256 
183 


105 

21 

157 

107 

37 

49 

42 

241 


43 
12 
10 

31 
4 
59 
13 
20 

14 
33 
22 
10 
28 

23 

58 

3 

22 

21 

43 
18 
16 
4 
19 

12 
12 
17 
10 

236 
12 
36 
14 

17 
25 
45 
14 

232 


Male 
slaves. 


64 


Female 
slaves. 


3  Now  Danville. 
*  Now  Fremont. 


0 
0 
1 
2 

s  Now  Wakefield. 
« Now  Effingham. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


151 


NEW  HAMPSIIIHE-Continue.l. 
Table  77.-FREE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OP  NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1773-Con. 


COUNTIES    AND  TOWNS. 


Unmarried 
men  from 
16  to  CO. 


Strafford  county— Continued. 

Sandwich 

Somersworth 

Sandbornton 

WoUborough 

nillsborough  county 

Amherst 

Beilford 

Bost'jwen 

Camden » , 

Derrj-field ' 

Dunbarton 

Dunstii)>le 

GoIT.stown 

flennlkor 

nUUborough 

HoUls 

llopklnton 

Litchfield 

Uason 

Herrimac 

New  Almsbury* 

New  Roston 

New  Britain  * 

New  Ips^vich 

Nottlncham  W'st ' 

Peterborough 

Peterborough-Slip 

Salisbury 

Temple 

Weare , 

WUton 

Cheshire  county 

Alstead 

Charlestown 

Chesterfield 

Claremont 

Cornish 

Croydon 

Dublin 

Fitjwiliiara 

Gilsom , 

Hinsdale 

Jaflrey 

Keene 

Lempsler , 

Limerick ' 

Marlow 

Monadnock,  No.  5  • 

Monadnock,  No.  6* 

Newport 

Plainfield 

Richmond 

Rlndce 

Savllloi» 

fiurry 

Swanzey 

Unity 

Walpole 

Westmoreland 

WlnchosU^r 

Grafton  county 

Apthorp  u 

Bath 

Camptou 

Canaan 

Conway 

Cockermouth  " 

Dorchester 

New  Grantham  " 

Hanover 

Haverhill 

N'w  lloldemess  •• 

Lancaster 

Lebanon 

Lime 

New  Chester  ^ 

Northumberland 

Ortord 

Plymouth 

Stewartstown  i* 

Rumney 

Thornton 

Trecothick" 

Wcntworth 


100 
28 
16 


Married 
men  from 
16  to  60. 


100 
54 
34 
11 
2S 

26 
SI 
67 
19 
16 

104 
43 
28 
32 

50 
10 
23 

9 
48 
41 
44 

7 

20 
28 
39 
37 

793 


24 

69 
55 
41 
28 

13 
16 
18 
17 
23 

13 
65 
11 
16 
11 

17 
12 
14 
32 
32 

42 

8 

22 

*\ 
7 
48 
SO 
42 

430 


'  Now  Washington. 
*Now  Manchester. 

•  Now  Warner. 

♦  Now  Andover. 


'  Now  Hudson. 

•  Corrected  flk'ures. 
'  Now  Stoddard. 

•  Now  Marlborough. 


35 
140 
57 
25 

2,112 


237 
62 
76 
21 
30 

73 
71 
101 
60 
27 

180 
151 
35 

77 

82 
36 
61 
26 
165 
88 
66 
14 

70 
74 
138 
91 

1,473 


37 
83 
109 
66 
36 

16 
45 
44 
21 
28 

SO 
96 
13 
43 
29 

39 
23 
23 
40 
112 

90 
IB 
30 
74 
18 
81 

109 
93 

585 


Boys  16    I     Men  60 

years  and  1  years  and 

under.     |  upwarda. 


I 


Females 
unmarrlul . 


64 

240  I 
104  1 


3,683 


0 

34 

3 

2 

207  ; 


61 
278 
100 

43 


Females 
nurrlcd. 


35 
161 
57 
25 

2,243 


330 
121 
140 
40 

77  ; 

148 
l.'i6 
195 
93 
34 

287 
297 
68 
136 

129 
62 
137 
36 
2:)2 
ISO 
131 
22 

111 
121 
262 
168 
2,626 


13  ' 
11 


66 
151 
224 
121 

52 


88 
32 
40 
65 
Z',7 

170 
15 
.12 
148 
32 
157 
206 
170 


4 

46 
39 
16 
39 

24 
33 
12 
86 
107 

45 
8 
62 
53 
63 

8 
60 
90 
17 
01  , 
18  I 
16  I 
13  1 


6 
18 
11 
2 
3 

18 
10 
13 
4 

8 
4 
6 
2 
S 
14 
12 
1 

S 
2 
10 

7 

126 


21 

1 

74 

1 

55 

32 

4 

48 

5 

.S9 

2 

140 

11 

16 

62 

2 

43 

412 
49 

147 
37 
92 

128 
213 
237 


355 
267 
95 
125 

170 
59 
110 
36 
277 
179 
172 
23 

130 
115 
280 
168 
1,812 


59 
191 
220 


23 
71 
53 
37 
70 

92 
217 
17 
49 
40 

89 
27 
54 
S5 
218 

166 
16 
70 

164 

32 
160 
198 
209 


2 
36 
40 
11 
37 

28 
38 
17 
80 

112 

41 

10 
79 
71 
46 


107 
19 

47 
12 
18 
15 


24« 
72 
90 
21 
40 

78 
89 
107 
62 
29 

190 
156 
43 
81 


38 
64 
26 
139 
100 
72 
14 

76 

76 
147 
99 

1,568 


42 
85 
120 
66 
35 

16 
46 
44 
22 
31 

52 
105 


40 
23 
23 
43 
115 

log 

16 
32 
85 

17 

87 

117 

113 

60C 


WIdowB. 


0 
42 
2 
S 

200 


Male 
slavea. 


Female 
slaves. 


39 


TotaL 


2M 
1,038 

asa 

186 

13,514 


1,370 
388 
504 
132 
279 

464 
010 
732 
338 
US 

1,103 
941 
200 
403 

Bfi3 
2U 
410 
13S 
882 
SO 
614 
81 

4M 
418 
884 
580 

•9,493 


•  233 
690 
747 
428 
2U 

91 
2S6 
214 
•135 
220 

308 
645 
«• 

215 
1S« 
275 
117 
156 
275 
745 

604 
72 
208 
536 
108 
549 
608 
«4« 

•1,557 


14 
150 
110 

02 
208 
107 

m 
«o 

M3 
187 

147 
17 
206 
341 
179 

45 
23S 
MS 

88 
113 

74 


•  Now  Nelson. 
'•  .Vow  Siinapee. 
n  Now  Dalton. 


»Now  Oroton. 
wNow  Oninttiain. 
!•  Now  llaldomoH. 


i»  Now  mil. 

>•  Including  Cookbum  and  Colbrook. 

II  Now  Ellsworth. 


152 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 


Tarlf  78  -RETURN  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  IN  THE  SEVERAL  TOWNS  AND  PLACES  IN  NEW 
HAMPSHIRE,  TAKEN  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  CONVENTION,  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OF  FIRE  ARMS,  THE 
POWDER,  &c.:    1775.' 


Males 
under  16. 

Males 
from  16 
to  50  not 
in  the 
Array. 

Males 
above  50. 

Persons 
in  the 
Army. 

Females. 

Negroes 

and 
Slaves 
for  life. 

Total. 

FIRE  ASMS 

t  POWDER 

COUNTIEa   AND  TOWNS. 

Fire  arms 
fit  for 
use. 

Fire  arms 
wanting. 

Public 
stock  of 
Powder. 

Powder 

ui  private 

hands. 

Rockingham  county: 

1,013 
190 
401 
618 
101 

206 
214 
97 
252 
169 

322 
109 
129 
182 
296 

206 
384 
151 
268 
253 

153 
114 
121 
172 
120 

88 
377 
110 
179 
120 

129 
280 
199 
232 
187 

153 

250 
145 
117 
39 

144 
85 
90 

823 
147 
273 
404 
85 

146 

155 
90 
183 
136 

212 
92 
85 
106 
151 

112 

273 
91 
105 
174 

97 
63 
90 
122 

86 

47 
242 

57 
114 

87 

76 
186 
124 
120 
120 

92 
204 

91 
187 

18 

109 
.W 
85 

191 
62 
86 

157 
33 

47 
67 
34 
58 
42 

SO 
27 
35 
44 
49 

40 
101 
42 
26 
57 

39 
29 
30 
49 
33 

11 
77 
15 
33 
12 

26 
36 
30 
19 
24 

24 
26 
30 
13 

7 

39 
6 
9 

50 
20 
51 
66 

2,373 
440 
892 

1,316 
221 

442 
491 
266 
622 
381 

658 
259 
288 
398 
539 

362 
787 
339 
502 
677 

335 
210 
283 
413 
262 

187 
793 
189 
388 
219 

260 
490 
331 
346 
334 

274 
418 
286 
197 
82 

304 
155 
161 

140 

3 

38 

29 

9 

14 
7 

39 
5 

21 

17 
1 
5 
3 
2 

0 
3 
3 
11 
4 

4 
3 
2 
2 
13 

0 

19 

1 

7 

1 

0 
14 
4 

4,690 

802 

1,741 

2,590 

449 

870 
961 
532 
1,137 
759 

1,289 
498 
575 
768 

1,084 

749 
1,599 

645 
=  994 
1,100 

652 
428 
540 
797 
529 

350 
1,569 
387 
744 
459 

604 
1,062 
723 
744 
683 

552 
929 
575 
»618 
149 

607 
313 
349 

Portsmouth 

192 

193 

283 

63 

170 

94 
80 
132 

160 
183 

60 

Ix)ndonderry 

68" 

New-Cttstle 

15 

27 
6 
17 
10 

30 
10 
33 
35 
47 

29 
51 
19 
22 
35 

24 

9 

8 

39 

15 

17 
61 
16 
23 
20 

13 
46 
35 
27 
18 

7 

30 

18 

4 

1 

11 
10 
3 

101 

Rye 

127 
20 

35 

93' 

60 

Newington 

Strathara 

108 

33 

45 

01 

66 

46 

51 

104 

110 
175 
80 
101 
113 

122 
66 
46 

100 
69 

33 

31 
39 

75 

58 

32 

43 

71 

40 
112 
15 
68 
68 

28 

30 

30 
63 
40 

50 

71 

43 

luO 

86 

31 

41 

83 

17 
14 

16 

13 

44 

2U 

28 

68 

52 
98 
46 
72 

39 

103 

9 

109 
48 

80 

2 
1 
5 

120 
62 
47 
11 

74 
36 
49 

68 
49 
31 

51 

36 

42 

2 

24 

16 
36 

10 

1 

Hillsborough  county: 

343 
r,2 
162 
109 
68 

215 
168 
142 
135 
144 

332 
162 
31 
215 
164 

248 
306 
268 
127 
201 

117 

240 
44 
91 
93 
41 

138 
100 
92 
77 
92 

160 
102 
17 
88 
98 

177 
174 
246 
110 
103 

67 

53 
19 
33 
28 
15 

21 
36 
15 
23 
14 

30 
17 
1 
30 
27 

18 
71 
26 
32 
34 

15 

81 
13 
17 
14 
16 

10 
22 
6 
25 
14 

42 
26 
6 
40 
20 

32 
60 
42 
19 
27 

9 

707 
1.36 
281 
241 
142 

411 
319 
242 
277 
232 

519 
314 
52 
325 
256 

421 
640 
475 
305 
348 

158 

4 
10 
1 

6 

4 
1 
8 

1 

2 
2 

1,428 
284 
585 
495 
285 

831 
649 
498 
S46 
497 

1,085 
623 
107 
705 
569 

2  897 

1,256 

s  1,000 

606 

713 

367 

121 
39 
58 

41 
0 

66 

Litchfield 

8 
65 
37 
20 

28 

7 

Bedford 

0 
0 

11 

20 

0 

66 
47 
23 

32 

46 

0 

25 

Salisbury       

Peterborough 

56 

6 

Wifton 

72 
7 
46 

47 

40 

Peterborough-Slip 

Dunstable 

7 
4 

1 
4 
3 
13 
0 

1 

42 

36 

41 

73 
131 
105 

79 

10 

Hollls 

92 
48 
36 

0 

74 

111 

87 

Merrimack 

9} 

Lyndeborough 

Henniker« 

40 

0 

0 

IlUlsliorough 

Raby < 

148 
143 

.55 
42 
78 
56 

39 
20 

86 
94 

37 
36 
45 
38 

22 
15 

12 

6 

7 
8 
6 
5 

5 
3 

27 
18 

9 
9 
fi 
3 

4 
3 

227 
230 

92 
82 
126 
77 

60 
42 

1 
0 

0 
0 
1 
0 

0 
0 

501 
491 

200 
177 
262 
179 

130 
83 

48 
66 

0 

49 

6 

112 

Temple 

45 

11 

Society  Land 

21 

27 

12 

26 

0 
0 

0 

New-Britain ' 

0 

Perry's- Town  6 

17 

0 

Deering 

1  New  Hampshire  nistorical  Collections,  1824,  Vol.  I.    (Census  incomplete;  several  towns  not  reported.) 

sCorrected  umres. 

3  Hillsborough,  Antrim,  and  Hancock  wcro  joined  with  Henniker  in  this  enumeration. 

*  Joined  with  Mason. 


6  Now  (1S24)  Andover. 
«  Now  (18245  Sutton. 

7  Including  Duxbury  farm. 

6  Joined  with  Sutton  In  this  enumeration. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


153 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 

Table  78.-RETURN  OF  THE  XUMBER  OF  IN-H.\BITANTS  IN  THE  SEVER.VL  TOWXS  AKD  PLACES  IN  NEW- 
HAMPSHIRE,  TAKEN  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  CONVENTION,  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OF  FIRE  ARMS  THE 
POWDER,  &c.:  1775— Continued. 


Males 
under  16. 

Males 
from  16 
to  SO  not 
in  the 
Army. 

Males 
above  50. 

Persons 
In  the 
Army. 

Females. 

Negroes 

and 
Slave* 
(or  life. 

Total. 

riKE   ABII9 

A   POWDEI. 

COiraTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

Flro  arnu 

at  (or 

use. 

Flmarmt 
wanting. 

Publle 
■took  of 
I'owder. 

Powder 

In  private 

bands. 

Strafford  county: 

Dover 

410 
286 
236 
24S 
464 

238 
120 
396 
164 
82 

70 
35 
72 
86 
23 

57 
76 
81 
49 

70 

57 

50 

4 

168 
214 
135 
213 
207 

342 
185 
147 
129 
245 

151 
87 
303 
117 
53 

50 
20 
40 
70 
16 

53 
61 
45 
36 

50 

44 

32 

6 

118 
100 
106 
127 
112 

74 
68 
58 
36 
72 

16 
12 
61 
38 
4 

15 
1 
7 

10 
2 

4 
9 
9 
7 

7 
5 
2 
3 

2.5 
26 
12 
23 
30 

28 
57 
12 
46 
23 

12 
20 
26 

7 
2 

6 
0 
6 

4 
3 

4 
4 

1 
0 

10 
3 

786 
593 
497 
479 
848 

357 
219 
759 
345 
111 

144 
*4 

108 
149 
39 

91 
122 
109 

80 

122 
83 
64 
13 

316 
283 
250 
a57 
3.54 

26 
25 

4 

30 
3 

1 
1 
3 
6 

1,666 

1,214 

9S4 

965 

1,655 

775 
459 
1,548 
677 
252 

286 
100 
233 
320 
83 

211 
272 
245 
172 

259 
190 

151 
20 

647 
658 

542 
758 
723 

180 
222 
119 

m 

200 
24 

Lee 

Somersworth 

si 

76 
SI 

i84 
99 

46 

44 

Sandbornton 

S 

206 

78 
28 

27 

m 

25 

20 
10 
20 

36 
60 

36 

Barnstcad 

00 

Nnw-Durham 

1 

3 

Do.    Gore 

Middloton 

27 

4 

Eastown  > 

1 

LeavitU-Town  > 

11 

34 

31 
27 
25 

30 

5 
25 

2 
S 

2 

2S 

Moultonborough 

Sandwich 

36 

10 
26 

1 

Meredith 

SO 

Campton 

Tarn  worth ' 

17 
4 

72 

Gore 

2 
SO 

1 

16 

Cheshiro  county: 

20 
33 
35 
38 
18 

0 
2 
2 
0 
2 

0 

Walpole 

21 

67 

WpstinoH'land 

63 
68 

18 

Gilsum 

45 
83 
59 
78 

158 
88 

148 
88 
56 

46 
37 

32 

77 
37 
83 

94 
54 
12.i 

79 

« 

39 
34 

10 
9 
8 

13 

17 
9 

18 
5 
6 

4 
2 

7 
4 
7 
0 

22 

10 

1 

4 

9 

1 
3 

84 
136 
104 
134 

303 
143 
231 
141 
91 

67 
67 

0 
0 
0 
0 

178 
309 
215 
308 

594 
305 
523 
317 
207 

1.57 
143 

IS 

53 
23 
36 

0 
0 

6 

Cornish 

33 
22 
49 

20 

5 

Dublin 

1 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

GO 

18 

31 

65 

8 

A  Is  trad 

0 

0 

26 

14 

2 

Croydon 

0 

S 

Savtlle 

is 

39 

90 

14 

35 

72 

4 
3 

8 

3 

7 

16 

29 
«2 

165 

0 
0 

0 

65 
146 

351 

6 
13 

2S 

0 

0 

Fltiwiliiara  » 

104 
52 
75 

241 

47 

43 

280 

174 

97 
93 
86 
66 
98 

16 
35 
57 
60 
77 

S2 
47 
14 
17 
38 

16 
26 

54 
.34 
38 

155 
29 
31 
143 
140 

69 
83 
91 
32 
108 

17 
23 
61 
42 
41 

28 
25 
6 
15 
26 

20 
26 

2 

4 
7 

30 
4 
4 

16 

24 

9 
15 
13 

5 
12 

3 
2 
10 

7 
4 

4 
5 
2 
0 
7 

2 
6 

14 

13 
11 

36 

6 

1 

26 

31 

17 
8 
2 
5 

22 

3 
5 

! 

11 

15 
10 
5 
2 
8 

0 
8 

148 
83 
93 

412 

77 

49 

395 

387 

169 
178 
155 
88 
184 

28 
S3 

116 
106 
104 

69 
67 
20 
27 
58 

19 
52 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

4 
5 
0 
0 
10 

0 
0 
0 
2 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

322 
186 
224 

874 
163 
128 
860 
756 

365 
382 
347 
196 
434 

87 
118 
252  1 
222 
237  1 

168 
144 

47 

61 
137 

57 
117 

26 
23 
14 

86 
13 
17 
56 
72 

28 
10 
24 

99 

5 

6 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

6 

Lempster 

18 
88 
92 

0 

.5 

90 
SO 

22 

Grafton  county: 

5 

6 

60 
0 
48 

0 
0 
38 
0 

26 
45 

17 
18 
30 
13 

11 

177 

0 
27 
31 
29 

2 

0 

3 

Lyme                                                       .      ... 

0 

30 



1 
8 

31 
24 
6 

7 

16 
IS 
14 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

Gunthwaite 

8 
18 

7 
6 

11 
0 

Alexandria.    ,.          

IS 
25 

Northumberland          

70 
3 

79 
11 

51 

20 

6 
4 

18 

1 

117 
37 

2 

1 

273 
74  1 

40 

44 

25 
0 

6 

Or^ntbftm 

'  Now  (1824)  Wakefield. 


>  Now  (1824)  Efflngluun. 


'  Joined  with  Swuniey  In  this  enumeration. 


154 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 


TvBLE  78  -RETURN   OF  THE   NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  IN   THE   SEVERAL  TOWNS   AND  PLACES    IN   NEW 
'    HAMPSHIRE,    TAKEN    BY    ORDER    OF    THE    CONVENTION,    WITH    THE    NUMBER  OF  FIRE  ARMS,    THE 
POWDER,   &c.:  1775— Continued. 


Males 
under  16. 

Males 
from  ir, 
to  50  not 

in  the 
Anny. 

Males 
above  60. 

Persons 
in  the 
Army. 

Females. 

Negroes 
and 

Slaves 
for  life. 

Total. 

FIRE   AKM8  ,1:  POWCEB. 

COtmriES  AXI»  TOWNS. 

Fire  arms 
fit  for 
use. 

Fire  arms 
wanting. 

Public 
stoclc  of 
Powder. 

Powder 

in  private 

hands. 

Grafton  county— Continued. 

14 
10 

8 
5 

2 
0 

1 
1 

15 
13 

0 
0 

40 
29 

1 
3 

8 

0 

0 

3 

4 
41 
4 

14 

is            ii 

0 
0 

2 

0 

1 

10 
3 

3 

0 

7 

1 

3 

7 

6 

12 

0 
5 

1 
5 

2 

0 

3 

Enfield                           

15 

17 

1 

0 

17 

0 

60 

10 

7 

0 

0 

1  Joined  with  Orford. 


3  Joined  with  Piermont  in  this  enumeration. 


Table  79.— FREE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1786.> 

[In  this  census  the  selectmen  of  the  different  towns  were  directed  to  ascertain  '*the  whole  number  of  white  and  other  free  citizens,  inhabitants  of  every  age,  sex,  and 
conaition,  including  those  bound  to  servitude  for  a  term  of  years;  and  also  in  a  separate  column,  or  class,  all  other  persons  not  comprehended  in  the  foregoing  description, 
except  Indians  not  paying  taxes."] 


COUMTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

•n^hole 
number. 

Slaves. 

Other  persons. 

Rockingham  county: 

175 
500 
959 
857 
1,767 

1,397 
1,283 
420 
1,340 
1,692 

656 
866 
569 
301 
798 

822 

456 

1,172 

343 

349 

575 
659 
1,015 
875 
991 

698 

551 

500 

4.133 

786 

653 

1,075 

521 

668 
450 
894 
583 

Atlrinsnn 

Candia. . 

3 
2 

Chester 

Concord 

5  ''other  persons." 

Deerfieid 

Epping 

Exeter 

Greenland 

7 

Hampton 

Hampton  Falls 

Hawke  (Danville) 

Kensington 

Loudon 

Newington 

20  blacks. 

New  Market 

2 

Newtown 

Northfleld 

Northwood 

North  Ilampton 

Nottingham 

11  negroes. 

Pelham 

Pembroke 

3  blacks 

Pittsfleld 

Plaistow 

Poplin 

Portsmouth—"  whites" 

Raymond 

Salem !!!!"..!!.!!! 

7' 

2  "other  persons." 

Sandown 

Soahrook 

13  blacks 

9  blades  living  with  their  masters. 

Total 

32,138 

4S2 
943 
1,912 
410 
289 

778 
827 
968 
1,536 
605 

21 

185 
1  black. 

3Ulsboroiigh  county; 

Aoworth 

Amherst '_'_[[ 

Andover ] , "  [ 

Antrim '.'.'.','///.['.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Bedford 

B  osc  0  wen '.'.!".".'.'"."..'. 

Charlestown 

Chesterfield '..'. 

Cornish ■■.........[.....]["['.'. '. 

4  negroes. 

'  Provincial  Papers  of  New  Hampshire,  Vol.  X,  page  689. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


155 


NEW  HAMPSHIKE— Continued. 

Table  79.-FREE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OF  NEW  UAMPSUIRE,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1786- 

Continued. 


COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 


HlllsboroiiRh  county — Continued 

Derryfield 

Dunbarton 

Uunstatile 

Duxlmry  and  Mlle-Sllp 

Flshertleld  (now  Newbury).. 

Ooffstown 

Ilanewk 

ilennlkor 

Hollls 

Uopklnton 

Mason 

Merriniack 

New  Bradford 

New  Ipswich 

New  London 

Nottingham  West 

Petprl)orough-SlIp 

Peterborough 

Rahy 

Salisbury 

Society  Land 

Sutton 

Temple 

Weare 

Wilton 

Total 

Straflord  county: 

BanLstead 

Harrington 

Burton 

Dover 

Durham 

Eaton 

Effingham 

Gihnanton 

Lee 

Madbury 

Meredith 

Moultont)orough 

New  Durham 

Rochester 

Sanbomton 

Sandwich 

Tarn  worth 

Wakefleld 

Total 

Cheshire  county: 

Claremont 

Croydon 

Dublin 

FltzwIUIam 

Gilsum 

Hinsdale 

Keene 

Lempster. 

Marlborough 

Marlow 

New  Grantham 

Newport 

PackersQeld 

Plalnneld 

Protectworth 

Richmond 

Rindcc 

Stoddard 

Swanzt'y 

Unity 

Washington 

Westmoreland 

Wendell 

Winchester 

Total 

Qrafton  county: 

Alexandria 

Bath 

Campton 

Canaan 

Cardigan 


Whole 
ntunbor. 


741 

m 

140 

217 

1,048 
291 

1,421 
1,536 


092 

128 

1,049 

219 

1,010 
175 
824 
262 

1,045 

157 

337 

701 

1,574 

1,001 


26,933 


74 
1,427 
1,230 

138 

54 

1,636 
956 
585 

872 

400 

242 

2,453 

1,107  I 
653 
287 
505 


SlavM. 


13,877 


914 
381 

658 
870 
304 

326 
1,122 
322 
618 
252 

201 
552 
667 
580 
127 

1,250 
759 
563 

1,000 
404 

474 
1,621 

195 
1,100 


15,160 


291 
335 
307 
2S3 
80 


Other  pcTBons. 


"other  aex's  none.' 

IS  Macks. 

4  "  black  servanK." 
I  "other  peraon." 


9  blacks. 
2  negroes. 


"oooe  bound  to  servitude.' 


S  Macks. 


48 


1  negro  girl— "cripel." 

1  aged  gentleman— town  charge. 

3  blacks. 


3  negroes. 


48  "transdnt  persons." 


1  black. 


3  blacks. 


54 


156 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 

Table  79.-FREE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  178(^ 

Continued. 


COUNTIES  AXD  TOWNS. 


Gra/ton  county— Continued, 

(.'ockemiouth 

Gunthwiiite 

Dorchester 

Enfield 

Grafton 

Hanover 

Haverhill 

Lancaster 

Lebanon 

Lyman 

Lyme 

New  Chester 

New  Holdemess 

Orford 

Piermont 

Plymouth 

Rumney 

Thornton 

Wentworth 

Total 


Whole 
number. 


281 
152 
116 
484 
350 

866 
458 
102 
841 
116 

490 
496 
260 
363 
3S3 

528 
359 
295 
168 


8,344 


Slaves. 


Other  persons. 


4  servants  bound  out  for  a  term  of  time. 
4  "not  comprehended"  in  other  classes. 

2  "not  included,"  etc. 


12  "not  included." 

7  transient  persons. 

5  negroes.  8  transient  persons. 

3  male  negroes. 


4  others. 

7  other  persons. 


56 


Summary  of  the  census  of  1786,  iy  counties. 


Rockingham , 

Straflord 

Hillsborough 

Cheshire 

Grafton 

Total.. 


No.  of 
towns. 


Free  in- 
habit- 
ants. 


32, 138 
13,877 
25,933 
15, 160 
8,344 


95, 452 


Others. 


185 
8 

48 
6 

66 


303 


Total 
population. 


32, 344 
13.894 
25.990 
15.173 
8,400 


95,801 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Table  80.— MALE  AND  FEMALE  NEGRO  SLAVE  POPULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS: 

CENSUS  OF  1754.' 


NEGRO  SLAVES. 

COnNTfES   AND   TOWNS. 

NEGRO  SLAVES. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

798 

424 

1,274 

Essex  county — Continued. 

4 

4 

647 
18 
38 
12 

342 
13 
15 
11 

989 
31 
53 
23 

Middleton            

9 
9 

210 

3 
12 

123 

12 

Roxbury 

Dan  vers 

21 

Weymouth 

361 

=  17 
36 

Braintree 

20 

7 

3        10 
3 
15 
13 
10 
1 
4 
1 
0 
6 

16 

4 

1          5 
1 
4 
3 
7 
0 
3 
1 
1 
2 

Hull: 

Watertown 

7 

27 

33 

10 

9 

9 

14 

16 

7 

3 

S 
7 
23 
5 
S 
8 
6 
S 
7 
5 

12 

In  the  town 

Medford                  .  . 

34 

At  ttie  lighthouse 

15 

4 

19 

16 

17 

1 

7 

2 

1 

8 

»35 

439 

Cambridge 

56 

MMlfii-Id 

15 

Milton 

14 

W  mi  1  ham 

Wobum 

17 

Brook!  ine 

20 

Needham 

21 

Medway 

14 

Bellingham 

Billerioa 

8 

W  ubjule 

Chelmsford 

'8 

Stougiiton 

3 

3 

6 

Chelsea 

178 

122 

Sherburne  . 

3 

3 

Essex  county 

Stow 

10 

3 

13 

Salem 

47 

36 

83 

=  62 

50 

Ipswich 

Newbury 

34 

16 

Weston 

8 
13 
3 

2 
11 
5 

10 

Lynh-   

24 

Gloucester 

2  61 

12 

7 

"le 

6 
16 
42 

Littleton 

8 

Rowley 

10 
6 

2 

1 

'15 

Salisbvu-y 

Wenham 

6 

2 

8 

Manchester 

1 
8 
28 

5 
8 
14 

Haverhill 

2 
4 
2 
1 

1 
2 

4 
3 

1 
1 

g 

Andover 

7 

Marblehead 

3 

4 

3 

12 
3 

I 

16 
2 

5 

6 

28 

S 

2 

Amesbury 

Beverly 

Acton 

1 

Bradford [..'.'.WW'.'.'.'. 

1  J.  H.  Benton,  jr.:  "Early  Census  Making  In  Massachusetts,  1643  to  1765,"  pages  12  to  17. 


•  Not  returned  by  sex. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

M  AS  S  ACHUSETTS—Continued . 


157 


Table  80. 


-MALE  AND  FEMALE  NEGRO  SLAVE  POPLLATIOX  OF  MASSACnrSETTS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS- 
CENSUS  OF  1754— Continued. 


COUNTIES  AXD  TOWNS. 

KEOBO  SLAVES. 

COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

KBOBO  8LAVBS. 

Male. 

Female. 

j     Total. 

Ibto. 

Femal*. 

ToUl. 

Middlesex  county— Continued. 

Shirlev 

P«PP«J«" 

1 

1 

PlyiDouth  county— Continued. 

Pembroke 

Ablngton ' 

6 

3 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

4 
2 
3 

la 

Lincoln 

16 

47 

3 

7 

22 

3 
23 

83 

Kini^ton 

Hanover: 

Nathaniel  .=!vlvest<-r 

David  .';to<kl)ri  JRC!.  Ksq 

I 

1 
1 

Lancaster 

Mendon 

Brookfield 

4 

'. 

1               " 

Rev.  Mr.  Henjoniiu  Bass 

JobTilJen 

Capt.  Ktekiel  Turner 

Oxford 

Worcester 

Leicester 

3 
4 
5 

1 

1 
4 

2 

4 

!                8 
0 
3 
'3 
6 

Joshua  Bh rstow [ 

Mat thPw  Kstes .'."'" 

Caleb  Barker 

Amos  Sylvester 

1 
2 
1 
1 

Sutton 

W  est  borough 

Uxbridee: 

Rev.  Mr.  Webb 

4 

2 
1 
4 

" 

Richard  Curtis 

1 

7 
2 

Isaac  Turner 

Halifax 

1         10 
2 

17 

4 

John  Ellcson 

Southborouch: 

Rev.  Mr.  Nathan  Stone 

1 
1 
2 

1 

i 7 

1 
4 
8 
2 

16 

B  rlstol  county 

30 



22 

122 

Shrewsburj' 

3 

6 

1 

Taunton 

'27 

Rehoboth 

Harvard 

Iiartmouth 

Swanzey 

Freetovvn 

ii' 

Y 

■34 

ii 

Hard  wick 

Bolton 

f 

i' 

2 



3 

A  ttleborough 

Norton 

DIghton '..'..'...'.'.' 

7 

9 

2 

i 

i' 

1 

10 

is 

3 

Holden 

Easton 

Western 

Douglass 

2 

1 

3. 

Berkley !...!.!!!!!!'.!!; 

7 

3 

0 

N.  Braintree 





Spencer: 

2 

1 

1 
1 

3 

2 

12 

74 

Sherburne 

Rev.  Mr.  Joshua  Eaton 

1 

36 

30 

56 

18 

Barnstable 

'5 

'\ 

33 

22 
13 

13 
5 

5 
5 
4 
4 

27 

Sandwich 

8 

Yarmouth 

Eastham 

6 

»l 

11 
■10 

Hatfield 



1 

Northampton 

; 1 

3 

:! 

14 

Brimfield 

7 

Blandford 

( 

1 

i[ 

Tlsburv 

Southampton 

rhilmark 

3 
75 

4 

41 

7 

South  II  adley 

Greenfield 

147 

Yorlc 

Monta^Oie 

1 

1  24 

II 

16 

7 

14 

i7 

4 
5  ' 

4 

Greenwich 

Wells 

16 

Stockbridge 

11 

'63 

49 

>124 

B'^rwick 

8  il             23 

Plj-mouth  county 

H  Iddeford 

2 
3 
2 

PI  vmouth 

1 

3 

22 

21 

43 

3 

1  7 

Marshfield: 

3 

4 

1 
1 

.N'cwcastle 

1 1 

Kcnelm  AVinsIow,  Esq 

2 
M.iOS 



2 

3 

1 
1 
1 
2 

8S6       Ml.TU 

1.274 

798  ' 
178 
210  , 

47 

S6 
'63  1 

30; 

424  1 

122                430 

1 

Middlesex  countv 

133                361 

•             1 

22                  88 

3 
I 

1 

1      "18 

riampsliin*  county 

18  :                74 

4»               >134 

Widow  Jnde  Clift 

Bristol  county 

22 

122 

7 

...   . 
•2.'-. 

Bamstablf  county 

36 
3 

n 

30 

4 

76 

112 

7 

Rochester 

York  county 

147 

'  Not  returned  by  sex. 


•  Corrected  figures. 


'lDc]udea352  not  n'tumed  hy  i»x. 


158 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

MASSACETDSETTS— Continued. 
MASSACHUSETTS  (INCLUDING  MAINE):  CENSUS  OF  1784.' 

n    _  i.i.,i™ .ho  fot.1  n.imhpr  nf  nnlk  hv  4   Dr   Felt  comDUtes  the  population  of  Massachusetts  in  1784  at  310,968,  and  that  of  Maine  at  55,216.    Dr. 

CiSr.w''Zu'D''l'vTnloSv  Ihe^'aSSSer  ol°ra?ea"ble  Lli  noi  SeabU,  p^oUs  by  4i^Etains  for  the  population  of  Massachusetts  346,653,  and  for  Maine  61,406. 


Chlckering.  by  multiplying  only  the  number 


Recapitulation. 


Barnstable 
Berkshire.. 

Bristol 

Dukes 

Essex 

Hampshire 
Middlesex. 
Nantucket . 
Pljrmouth. 
Suffolk 


MT7UBER  OF  POLLS.' 


Rateable  and  not 
rateable. 


3,148 
5,892 
6,197 
718 
11,023 
11,497 
9,691 
S13 
6,425 
9,367 


Supported 
by  the 
town. 


15 

83 

4 

115 
34 
76 
21 
47 

139 


cotraTiE.s. 


Worcester 

Cumberland '. 

Lincoln  3 

York  3 


NtJMBER  OF  POLLS.' 


Rateable  and  not 
rateable. 


12,263 
3,708 
5,071 
4,944 


90,757 
789 


91,546X4=366,184 


Supported 
by  the     ' 
towu. 


35 

46 


789 


'Collections  of  the  Am.  Stat.  .Association,  vol.  1.  page  170.  2  Includes  all  male  persons  between  16  and  100  years  of  age.  >  In  the  district  of  Maine. 

Table  81.-WHITE,  NEGRO,   INDIAN,  AND   FRENCH   NEUTRAL   POPULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS,  BY  COUNTIES 

AND  TOWNS;  CENSUS  OF  1764.' 


Houses. 

Families. 

■(^WTTPS 

irwrn^R 

WHITES 

ABOVE 

NEGROES   4 

FRENCH  NEUTRALS. 

COUNTIES  AND  TO'Wl'13. 

16  YEARS. 

16  YEARS. 

MULATTOES. 

Under  16  years. 

Above  16  years. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male, 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Suffolk  county: 

Boston 

1,676 
212 
204 
124 
327 

203 
375 
31 
265 
239 

113 

293 

123 

72 

129 
53 
54 

100 

2,069 
212 

245 
141 
357 

248 
426 
33 
424 
309 

121 
347 
1.38 
82 

168 
53 
70 

106 

4,109 
291 

292 
215 
571 

275 
594 
31 
593 
417 

111 
464 
165 
119 

209 
68 
110 
188 

4,010 
324 
284 
222 
590 

294 
539 
27 
555 
441 

126 
463 
178 
111 

226 
62 
85 

177 

2,941 
371 
343 
214 
555 

315 
555 
39 
567 
484 

176 
514 
215 
116 

246 
97 
99 

207 

3,612 
421 
404 
245 
651 

347 
702 
57 
580 
531 

211 
551 
210 
108 

250 

93 

125 

209 

510 
47 
23 
31 
31 

13 

38 

9 

9 

21 

3 

18 
10 

8 

8 
13 
20 

2 

301 
33 
14 
16 
35 

14 
39 
7 
17 
15 

1 
12 
7 

21 

16 

15,520 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1,493 

1,360 

2 

1 

1 
3 

s 

i 

3 

948 

1 

1 

2,445 

1,258 

7 

11 

9 

12 

2,506 

HulT        

170 

9 
3 

2 

1 
1 

10 
3 

4 

2,340 

1 
4 

1 

1 

2 
1 
1 

2 

1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
3 

1,919 

Medfield        

639 

2,030 

Med  way 

793 

462 

Needham 

6 
5 
13 
2 

945 

338 

Chelsea 

452 

Walpole 

1 

3 

3 

792 

Total 

4,593 

509 
2S8 
531 
401 
357 

519 
275 
300 
307 

239 
201 
304 
404 

105 
128 
242 
173 

72 
83 
103 
158 

5,549 

923 
381 
670 
489 
546 

935 
3SS 
438 
404 

290 
240 
350 
677 

130 
149 
264 
192 

95 
97 
155 
158 

8,822 

884 
458 
791 
622 
613 

1,189 
489 
533 
495 

222 
280 
494 
865 

160 
200 
351 
257 

125 

125 

■     159 

250 

8,714 

985 
468 
801 
605 
566 

1,031 

481 
558 
482 

329 

322 
409 
841 

141 

194 
366 
238 

120 
121 
103 
194 

8,054 

1,050 
501 
931 
819 
739 

1,199 
531 
565 
472 

411 
354 
605 
887 

183 
220 
389 
281 

120 
140 
183 
247 

9,307 

1,335 
634 

1,119 
872 
837 

1,435 
648 
700 
635 

493 

366 

487 

1,061 

219 
227 
444 
384 

166 
100 
203 
239 

814 

117 
37 
60 
21 
35 

71 
31 

56 
37 

11 

5 

13 

57 

12 
5 
8 
9 

13 
14 
10 
2 

537 

56 
35 
40 
17 
29 

29 
18 
30 
42 

11 

2 

12 

52 

4 

S 
9 
6 

15 
21 
13 

38 

34 

17 

8 
2 
6 

1 
15 

24 

3 
8 
6 
1 

11 

23 

13 
5 

7 

1 

14 

26 

18 
3 
9 
1 

23 

36, 410 
4,469 

Essex  county: 

Salem 

Dan  vers 

Ipswich 

Newbury 

2  960 

Newbyport 

2,882 

4,954 

2,208 
2  402 

Marblehead * . . 

Lynn 

3 

7 

5 
7 

1 
3 
2 

1 
4 
2 
4 

1 
3 

5 

1 
4 
4 
3 

Andover 

Beverly 

1 

Rowley 

2 
4 
3 

1 

1  481 

Salisbury 

3 
3 

1 

1  344 

naverhill 

1,992 
3,772 

719 

Glocester 

Topsfield 

Boxford 

851 

Almsbury 

1  567 

Bradford 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1,181 
564 

Wenham 

3 

2 

Middleton 

581 

1 

i' 

1 

4 

1 

1 

739 
933 

Methuen 

Total 

7,971 

2.57 
375 
117 
287 

9,562 

311 

369 
172 
365 
335 

9,475 

286 
392 
136 
314 
389 

10,727 

374 
486 
179 
373 
381 

12,664 

510 
648 
105 
424 
432 

624 

47 
84 
5 
20 
15 

446 

43 

52 
6 
19 
12 

5 

3 

52 

2 
2 

57 

2 
2 

59 

4 
6 

77 

3 

7 

43,761 

1,582 

2,048 

693 

Middlesex  county: 

Cambridge 

Charlestown 

237 
289 
103 
228 

Watertown 

Wobura 

1,515 

1,564 

'  Early  Census  Making  in  Massachusetts  1643  to  1765.    Corrections  in  additions  have  been  made  where  necessary. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. 


159 


Table  81.-WHITE,  NEGRO,  INDIAN,  AND  FRENCH   NEUTRAL   POPULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS    BY  COUNTIES 

AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  17G4-Continued. 


Houses. 

Families. 

WHITES 

UNDER 

i 

WHITEa 

AilOVE 

NEOBOES  A 

ISOIANS. 

'                rBKHCO  HEimAIil. 

COUNTIES  AND  TOWN3. 

■ULATTOEa. 

Under  16  yean. 

Above  1«  yean. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Middlesex  county— Continued. 

174 
263 
183 
189 
205 

126 
133 
106 
224 
144 

105 
104 
122 
135 
143 

94 
94 
174 
41 

121 
94 
54 

222 
316 
213 
223 
234 

142 
176 
113 
296 
174 

126 
147 
143 
154 
169 

107 
97 

242 
72 

135 
97 
59 
91 

304 

316 

322 

348 

10 
I         1* 

'I 
U 

20 
7 
4 

26 

27 

10 
29 
8 
9 
5 

8 
6 
8 
4 

6 
4 
14 
10 

7 
12 
11 

6 
U 

18 
4 
8 
9 

21 

8 
18 
9 
7 
7 

6 

4 
7 
2 

3 
4 

18 
14 

1 
i- 

1 

1.308 

Marlboro 

1        307          255 

312          235 

.        325          302 

;        210          189 
224          '^''^ 

436           471 
348  ,        3.K 
313          300 
306          347 

228          241 
246          304 
156  1        187 
400  1        422 
230  ,        289 

196  ;        184 

........ 

1,773 
1.287 

Framingham 

LcjtinRton 

Chelmsforxl 

i 

i' 

i' 

i' 

i 

1,234 
1,313 

912 

Shorbora 

Reading 

172 

;        335 

206 

'        195 
161 

1        100 

140 
339 
210 

176 
150 
175 

i' 

1 

i' 

1 
3 

i' 

3 

1 

i' 

1 

1,012 

073 

1,537 

Maiden 

4 

Weston 

768 

Littleton 

212 
223 
233 

169 

164 

340 

90 

194 
137 
77 
99 

^^23 
209 
271 
269 

174 
174 
358 
110 

204 
136 
98 
122 



2 

790 

773 

1,027 

902 

663 

llopklniston 

1        242  .        274 
231          217 

1 

Westford 

Waltham 

145 
166 
365 
122 

196 
166 
56 
109 

162 
159 
365 
102 

191 
151 
77 
120 



Wilmington 

C73 

1.443 

430 

794 
688 
340 

Oroton 

.  . 

Shirley 

Ston 

Townsend 

Stonehain 

Natlck 

71 

13 

24 

Draciit 

Bedford 

67 
84 
103 

103 
96 
90 

117 

72 
99 
147 

115 
lOO 
98 
130 

101 
153 
191 

;     168 

1         142 
140 
193 

iie 

170 
198 

170 
147 
122 
200 

100 
145 
184 

183 
160 
13S 
188 

124 
153 
203 

176 
159 
143 
172 

9 
20 

2 

6 

1 
9 

1 

7 
6 
3 

3 
2 
7 
3 

447 
646 

Lincoln 

Tewksbury 

Ilolliston 



705 

Acton 

f,|l 

Dunstable 

1 

Pepperrell 

Total 

■4,860 

404 
188 
66 
133 

89 

96 
126 
191 
85 
45 

49 
60 
121 
90 
68 

57 
62 
68 
74 

100 
61 
45 
74 

30 
38 
36 
66 

74 

15  810 

477 
203 

76 
142 

99 

104 
132 
195 
123 
58 

64 
60 
130 
91 
69 

67 
69 
68 
88 

123 
68 
48 
76 

30 
40 
36 
69 

82 

7,771 

641 
314 
92 
193 
125 

167 
192 
341 
188 
106 

97 
105 
198 
142 
107 

87 
99 
116 
123 

197 
112 
76 
127 

39 
56 
67 
76 

119 

7,587 

608 
285 
100 
213 
127 

160 
177 
328 
157 
79 

99 
97 
161 
130 
79 

87 
87 
90 
110 

149 
99 
65 

122 

41 
68 
43 
98 

118 

8,218 

697 
341 
117 
202 
160 

150 
204 
318 
193 
95 

95 
103 
207 
161 
101 

84 
99 
99 
133 

180 
99 
74 

109 

46 
54 
51 
82 

129 

9,196 

770 
334 
127 
209 
151 

162 
209 
296 
182 
87 

100 
104 

203 
147 
95 

111 

89 
99 
140 

152 
108 
82 
126 

35 
63 
40 
73 

123 

485 

27 
6 

1 

375 

12 
6 

16 

29 

9 

11 

17 

18 

33,732 
2,755 

Hampshire  county: 

SprinRneld 

Northampton 

1,285 
437 

Southadley 

817 

13 

6 
14 
23 
U 

1 

3' 

2 
2 
3 

2 
1 

1 
2 

3 

7 

1 
7 
18 
6 

673 

646 

Hatfield 

2 

4 

3 

4 

816 

Westfield 

1,324 

Decrfield .    . 

737 

368 

1 
3 
2 
2 

4 

392 

Northfield 

415 

Brimfleld 

773 

South  Brimfield 

574 

388 

371 

375 

1 

408 

Palmer 

508 

1 

682 

418 

Col  rain 

297 

1 

■545 

161 

231 

Koxbury('anady,or  Warwick 

181 

1 
1 

330 

Wllbraham 

1 

«1 

Huntstown 

2,586 

204 
301 
294 

1 

2,887 

229 
328 
370 
336 
283 

223 
211 
181 
126 

4,292 

376 
514 
658 
466 
493 

367 
283 
278 
160 
275 

3.977 

350 
421 
497 
425 
412 

319 
308 
218 
161 

■4.423 

370 
505 
510 
441 
439 

339 
305 
277 
184 

4,407 

357 
532 
555 
497 
452 

360 

304 
324 
216 

121 

11 
12 
6 
6 
10 

7 
6 

4 
6 

73 

6 
14 

11 

4 
6 

8 
7 
6 
6 

3 

4 

3 

4 

■17.305 

Worcester  county: 

Worcester 

4 
1 

6 

1,478 
1,998 

Sutton 

i' 

a' 

i' 

i 

2,137 
1,MS 

Brookfleld 1           267 

1,811 



• 

1.401 

UxbridEQ 

186 

1,213 

Westborough 

163 
110 

i 

S 

731 

Southboro 

1,090 

Rutland 

166              IHZ  1 

I  Collected  flgona. 


160 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  81. 


MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. 

-WHITE,  NEGRO,  INDIAN,  AND  FRENCH   NEUTRAL   POPULATION  OF  MASSACHUSETTS,  BY  COUNTIES 

AND  TOWNS;  CENSUS  OF  1764— Continued. 


Houses. 

Families. 

NEGROES  4 
MULATTOES. 

INDIANS. 

FRENCH  NEUTRALS. 

CODNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

16  VEAKS. 

16  TEARS. 

Under  16  years. 

Above  16  years. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Uale. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Worcester  county— Continued. 

118 
128 
114 
119 
100 

94 
41 
145 
145 
136 

153 
109 

94 
104 

62 

92 
90 
153 

118 
148 
124 
146 
111 

98 
41 
175 
155 
136 

161 
109 
104 
107 
75 

100 
97 
173 

187 
247 
191 
187 
174 

132 
73 
220 
234 
212 

259 

178 
158 
186 
161 

138 
142 
276 

192 
206 
164 
170 
173 

146 

78 
136 
225 
240 

256 
175 
159 
199 
116 

148 
139 
270 

177 
214 
196 
210 
160 

152 
60 
237 
225 
218 

239 
193 
135 
173 
109 

155 
111 
272 

159 
217 
188 
196 
152 

141 
58 
221 
239 
219 

251 
196 
157 
180 
107 

138 
129 
296 

10 
4 

1 

4 
2 

2 

1 

6 
1 
3 

3 
5 
3 

2 

1 

3 

9 
2 

734 

890 

1 

i 

741 

3 

3 

1 

770 

664 

594 



270 

2 

1 
1 

2' 

2 
3 

1 

1 

821 

1 
1 

6 

i 

1 

i 

1 

933 

2 

1 
6 

1 

1 
8 

899 

1,010 

763 

3 


2 

619 

743 

Halden 

495 

Western 

583 

621 

7 

5 

1.126 

Dudley 

100 

65 
86 
41 
57 
43 

115 

64 
86 
60 
55 
43 

202 

95 
133 
88 
82 
70 

186 

84 
108 
81 
65 
66 

166 

88 
112 
103 
72 
61 

145 

81 
113 
85 
66 
60 

3 

6 

707 

348 

466 

Athol 

2 

359 

284 

Fitchburgh 

1 

1 

259 

Total 

14,563 

256 
571 
498 
348 
272 

210 
154 
150 
186 
110 

174 
85 
67 

5,070 

373 
630 
577 
431 
326 

283 
197 
168 
232 
131 

217 
97 
81 

7,815 

488 
964 
855 
516 
470 

315 
238 
287 
352 
194 

323 
122 
123 

7,137 

475 
932 
841 
520 
442 

290 
220 
218 
236 
162 

308 
130 
119 

7,488 

532 
910 
804 
603 
485 

357 
273 
274 
328 
196 

300 
127 
116 

7,663 

605 
1,042 
880 
742 
620 

425 
311 
328 
362 
196 

311 
166 
140 

138 

38 
46 
17 
55 
12 

14 
3 

26 
9 
6 

11 

I 

114 

39 
49 
15 
52 
10 

8 
5 
15 
3 
5 

10 
S 
3 

15 

23 
8 
8 
4 

10 

7 
1 

1 
7 

19 

25 
16 
18 
9 
27 

21 
6 
4 

13 

4 

3 

8 

7 

2 
9 

7 

9 
3 

5 

7 
5 

30, 412 

Plymouth  county: 

Pl>Tnouth 

2,246 

3,990 

Middleboro' : 

3,438 

Scituate 

2,501 

Rochester     

1 

5 

2 
2 

3 

1 
1 
1 
2 
5 

3 

1 
4 
4 

1 
6 

1  985 

1,446 

Duxborg' 

1,061 
1,159 

Marshfield 

2 
3 

4 

i' 

k'ing^tnn 

774 

1,263 
657 

Haintax 

6" 

1 
10 

Wareham 

619 

Hanover 

1 

* 

Total...' 

3,071 

325 
255 
200 
235 
182 

129 
145 
107 
105 
82 

3,743 

361 
295 
245 
283 
237 

157 
182 
134 
127 
85 

5,247 

474 
400 
313 
398 
292 

243 
266 
225 
145 
23 

4,893 

432 
405 
317 
386 
267 

217 
266 
230 
153 
19 

5,305 

524 
427 
346 
420 
342 

216 
266 
241 
173 
16 

6,028 

622 
486 
368 
454 
416 

227 
234 
222 
202 
20 

243 

36 
11 
18 
12 
6 

9 

19 
3 
4 

18 

219 

20 
11 
14 
11 
6 

S 

12 
3 
1 

13 

75 

6 
12 
30 
36 

1 

3 

35 

148 

7 
19 
43 
66 

3 

8 

27 

1 

26 

6 
3 

16 

6 
2 

26 

3 
3 

31 

2 

1 

22,266 

2,138 
1,780 
1,449 

Barnstable  county: 

Yarmouth 

Sandwich 

Harwich 

Eastham 

1  331 

Wellflect 

Falmouth 

1  126 

Truro 

1 

925 

Chatham 

Mashpee 

101 

129 

338 

Total 

1,765 

397 
679 
498 

12,106 

493 
790 
617 

2  779  '     "^  *^09 

2,970 

678 

1,129 

818 

3,260 

734 

1,248 

954 

136 

26 
37 

28 

96 

29 
24 
25 

223 

1 
35 

1 

293 

8 

40 

5 

9 

8 

6 

3 

12,464 

2,744 
4,581 
3,696 

Bristol  county: 

Taunton 

651 

1,103 

964 

617 
965 
901 

Dartmouth 

Rehoboth 

Swanzey 

Attleboro' 

266 
295 

148 
134 
100 
94 

301 
343 

198 
154 
109 
110 

461 
477 

276 
219 
170 
166 

419 
447 

269 
172 
146 
153 

422 
460 

273 
222 
181 
150 

422 
528 

297 
220 
184 
181 

13 
19 

31 
2 
3 
6 

2 
11 

28 
2 
3 
4 

Norton 

Dighton 

2 
2 

1 
3 

Raynham 

1 

1 

2 

3 

694 

Berkley 

2 

Total 

2,611 

272 
288 
222 
219 

3,115 

397 
372 
364 
251 

4,486 

496 
489 
664 

4,089 

486 
490 
652 

4,333 

568 
551 
567 
363 

4,768 

671 

766 
547 
357 

165 

36 
31 
20 
21 

128 

20 
31 
24 
13 

41 

69 

1 

6 
3 

1 

5 
3 

2 

4 
2 

3 

6 
2 

Vork  county: 

York 

2,298 
2,368 
2,374 

Kittery 

Berwick 

427          3S2 



3 

i 

i 

i 

1,569 

1  Corrected  figures. 


Tabie  81. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. 


161 


-^TIITE,  NEGRO,  INDIAN,  AND  FRENCH  NEUTRAL  POPULATION   OF  MASSACHUSETTS    BY  COUNTIES 

AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1764-Continued. 


Families. 

WHITES  ITKDER 
16  YEAKS. 

WHITES  ABOVE 
16  YEARS. 

! 

HEOKOES  t 

1 

rSKHCU  NEtrrBAM. 

; 

COUNTIE3  AND  TOWNS.                  IloUSeS. 

UULATTOZ3. 

I.SOUNS. 

Under  16  yean. 

Above  16  yean. 

Total. 

Uale. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

1 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Mala. 

1 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 

male. 

York  counly— Continued. 

Arundel 

Blddeford 

Pepperelboro 

Narragansct  No.  1 

1 

1            124 
87 
66 



138 
116 
96 

216 
182 
140 

228 
186 
126 

190 
178 
145 

II 

194  i             2 
179  ;:          8 

125  !|           2 

3 
14 

1 

1 
'          1 

1 
3 

1 

1 
2 

1            ^ 



540 

Total 

1,278 
160 

1,734 

585 

2,614 

969 
251 
353 
224 

139 

2,450 

918 
277 
281 
224 

114 

2,562 

964 
278 
319 
188 

149 





2,839 

875 
255 
304 
186 

98 

120 

30 
8 

10 
4 

3 

105 

14 

10 
5 
10 

1 

14 
2 

13 

7 

11 

11 

4 

10,738 

Cum  Borland  county; 

3,783 

1,079 

1,273 

836 

Scarborough 

Harps  well 

'           200  1            210 

65  ;            111 

73  '              73 

Brunswick 

Oorhara 

Windham 

Pearson  town 

504 

Total 

Lincoln  county: 

Pownalboro' 

Georgetown 

Newcastle 

Topsham 

642 

161 
180 
69 
54 

1,167 

175 
184 
69 
52 

1,936 

210 

388 
127 
78 

1,814 
223 

325 ; 

117 

85 

1,888 

225 
317 
100 
85 

1,718 

232 
287 
109 
78 

55 

6 

8 

1 
1 

40 

3 

4 

2 

7 

4 

7,474 

899 

1,329 

454 

327 

Bowdoinham 

Total 

38 
566 

128 
90 
110 

37 

580 

i 
150 
114 
100 

63 
982 

234 
152 
165 

53; 

913 

209 
156 
166 

59 
878 

233 
159 
226 

44i 
847 

248 
179 
233 

i' 

17 

12 
9 

4 

7 

8 
8 
5 

415 
220 

3,644 

1,030 
851 

Dukos  county: 

Kfltjurtown 

Chilnuirk 

Tisbury 

37 
72 
15 

49 
116 

24 

Total 

328 

413 

87 
126 
66 
51 
39 

364 

602 

91 
172 
69 
55 
70 

551 

776 

127 
250 
126 
95 
110 

531 

758 

121 
276 
93 
85 
114 

618 

904 

149 
272 
105 
77 
105 

660 

882 

134 
249 
81 
66 
89 

25 

24 

9 
16 
2 
2 
6 

21 

20 

10 
10 
2 

124 
83 

189 
66 

2,719 

3,526 

550 
1,073 
400 
325 
428 

Nantucket  county: 

Sherburne 

13 

Beiks  county: 

Great  Harrington 

SheDield 



Sandlsfidd 

1 



Tyringham 

1 

PlttsQeld 

* 

.........^. ....... 

Egremont 

!•                1 

Stockbridge 

34 

34 

50 

46 

64 

57 

16 

12 

108 

113 

1 

485 

New  Marlboro 

1        ""  ' 

No.4 

1 



Total 

403 
31,707 

491 
43,483 

758  1        735 

772 
53,752 

676 
59,501 

50 
2,824 

.38 
2,007  ; 

1 

108 
728 

113 
953 

3.250 
223,841 

Total  lor  colony ; 

52,859 

50,588 

133          128 

141 

167 

Summary  of  white,  negro,  Indian,  and  French  neutral  population  of  Massachusetts,  hy  counties:  census  of  1764. 


Houses. 

Families. 

WHITES. 

KEOROE3  AND 

I.NOL\.-.W. 

FRENCH  NEirrlULS. 

COUNTIES. 

Under  16  years. 

Above  16  yean. 

UULATTOES. 

Under  16  yean. 

Above  16  yean. 

Total 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Mole. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

31,707 

43,483 

52.859 

50,588 

53.752 

59.501 

2,824 

2.067 

728 

953 

133 

128 

141 

167 

223.841 

1 

Barnstable.  . . 

1,765 
403 

2,611 
328 

5.759 

2,586 

5,618 
413 
3.071 
4.593 
4,560 

2,286 
491 

3,115 
364 

7,971 

2,867 

11,425 
602 
3.743 
5,549 
5,070 

2,779 
758 

4.486 
551 

9,562 

4,292 

7,771 
776 
5.247 
8. 822 
7,815 

2,692 
735 

4.089 
531 

9.475 

3,977 

7,587 
7.'a 
4.R93 
8.714 
7,137 

2,970 
772 
4,333 
618 
10.727 
4,363 

8,218 
904 
5.305 
8.054 
7,488 

3,250 
676 

4,768 

660 

12.664 

4,407 

9,196  ' 

882 
6.028 
9.307 
7,663  1 

135 
60 

165 
25 

024 

121 

485 
24 
243 

814 
138 

96 

38 
128 

21 
446 

73 

375 
20 
219 

.M7  , 
114 

223 

108 

41 

124 

5 

293 
113 
59 
189 
3 

9 

8 

• 

S 

12,464 

Berks 

3.250 

Bristol 

1 

1 

2 

3 

18.076 

Dukes 

2.719 

Essex 

62 
2 

9 
13 
26 
17 

57 

4 

11 

59 
2 

17 

77 
4 

18 

43.751 

17,245 

Middlesex 

16 
83 
75 
38 

l.'j 

IB 

6« 

148 ; 

34  ' 

!9 

33.732 

Nantucket 

3.526 

16 
24 

25 
2) 

7 

31 
26 

23.256 

Suffolk 

38.410 

Worcester 

4               7 

30.412 

_ 

162  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. 
Sumrmrn,  of  white,  negro,  Indian,  and  French  neutral  population  of  Mmne,  by  counties:  census  of  1764. 


Houses. 

Families. 

WHITES. 

FBENCH  NEUTRALS. 

Total 
popula- 
tion. 

COUNTIES. 

Under  16  years. 

Abore  16  years. 

MTJLATTOES. 

Under  16  years. 

Above  16  years. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

2,486 

3,481 

5,532 

1,936 

982 

2,614 

5,177 

1,814 

913 

2,450 

5,338 

1,898 

878 

2,662 

5,404 

1,718 

847 

2,839 

192 

152 

16 

20 

11 

15 

21,857 

642 

566 

1,278 

1,167 

580 

1,734 

55 
17 
120 

40 

7 

105 

2 

7 

4 

7,474 
3,644 

ii 

13 

11 

11 

10,739 

York 

— 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Table  82  -A  LIST  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  FREEMEN  AND  MILITIA,  WITH  THE  SERVANTS,  WHITE  AND  BLACK,  IN 
ThIr^SiVE  TOWNS;  AS  ALSO  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  IN  HER  MAJESTY'S  .COLONY  OF 
RHODE  ISLAND,  &c.,  DECEMBER  THE  5TH,  1708.' 


TO  WHS. 

Freemen. 

MUitia. 

White 
Servants. 

Black 
Servants. 

Total  No. 

of 

inhabitants. 

Newport 

Providence 

Portsmouth 

Warwick 

Westerly 

190 
241 
98 
80 
95 
38 
200 
33 
40 

358 
283 
104 

95 
100 

47 
282 

28 

65 

20 
6 
8 
4 
5 

220 
7 
40 
10 
20 
6 
85 
32 
6 

2,203 
1,446 
628 
480 
570 
208 

New  Shoreham 

1,200 

9 
3 

206 

1,015 

1,362 

55 

426 

7,181 

'  Rhode  Island  Colonial  Records,  vol.  4,  page  69. 

It  is  to  beunderstood  that  all  men  within  this  colony. from  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  age  ofsixty  years,  are  ofthe  militia,  so  that  aU  freemen  above  and  under  said  ages 

'"''''ififtl^^tet^lTdirZ^'^nht^r^^X^^^^  givean  exact  account,  by  reason  therewas  no  list  ever  taken  before 

this  (the  militia  excepted),  which  hath  increased  since  the  14th  of  February,  1704-5  (at  which  time  a  list  was  returned  to  your  Lordships)  the  number  of  287. 

^  SAMUEL  CRANSTON,  Governor. 

Newport,  on  Rhode  Island,  December  the  Sth.  1708. 

Table  83.— WHITE,  NEGRO,  AND  INDIAN  POPULATION  OF  RHODE  ISLAND:  1748.' 


TOWNS. 

Whites. 

Negroes. 

Indians. 

TOWNS. 

Whites. 

Negroes. 

Indians. 

15,302 

1,648 

985 

1,620 

1,875 

965 

1,149 

222 

250 

56 
165 
333 
40 
80 
20 

250 

65 

3,843 

3,707 

643 

1,028 

649 

128 
100 
77 

148 
81 
70 
73 

225 

East-Oreenwich 

34 

Jamestown 

19 

20 

1  Callender's  Historical  Discourse,  page  94. 

Table  84.— WHITE,  NEGRO,  AND  INDIAN  POPULATION  OF  THE  COLONY  OF  RHODE  ISLAND,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

OFFICIAL  CENSUS  OF  1774.' 


Families. 

WHITES. 

Total 
whites. 

Indians. 

Blacks. 

TOWNS. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total  of 
each  town. 

Above  16. 

Under  16. 

Above  16. 

Under  Ifi. 

Total 

9,460 

14,032 

12,731 

15,349 

12,348 

54,460 

1,479 

3,668 

5  59,607 

1,590 
655 
220 
353 
257 

76 
275 
361 
304 

69 

2,100 

1,219 

343 

569 

421 

109 
416 
638 
550 
110 

1,558 
850 
341 
512 
441 

119 
345 
497 
554 
90 

2,624 

1,049 

400 

615 

443 

121 
464 
595 
597 
118 

1,635 
832 
285 
466 
401 

120 
338 
.552 
484 
82 

7,917 
3,950 
1,369 
2,161 
1,706 

1                469 

t            1,563 

2,182 

2,185 

400 

46 
68 
21 
88 
37 

51 
31 
79 
210 
32 

1,246 

303 

122 

89 

69 

55 

69 

211 

440 

131 

9,209 

4,321 

Portsmouth 

1,512 

32,338 

1,812 

575 

1,663 

North  Kingstown 

2,472 

South  Kingstown  . .           

2,835 

Jamestown 

563 

1  Census  of  Rhode  Island,  1774  (printed  in  detail  with  the  names  of  all  heads  of  families  In  1858),  page  239. 


!  Corrected  figures. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


163 


RHODE  ISLAND— Continued. 

Tablb  84.-WHITE,  NEGRO,  AND  INDIAN  POPULATION  OK  THE  COLONY  OF  RHODE  ISLAND,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

OFFICIAL  CENSUS  OF  1774— Conlinu...! 


Smithfleld 

Scituate 

Glot.«ster 

West  Greenwich.. 
Chorlestown 

Coventry 

Exeter 

Middletown 

Bristol 

Tiverton 

Warren 

Little  Compton... 

Richmond 

Cumberland 

Cranston 

Jlopkinton 

Johnston 

North  Providence 
Harrington 


Families. 


476 
564 
525 
304 
307 

274 
280 
123 
197 


168 
218 
189 
264 
340 

299 
167 
138 
91 


Hales. 


Above  10. 


742 
909 
743 
429 
312 

474 
441 
210 
272 
418 

237 
304 
286 
400 
476 

427 
242 
193 
142 


Dnder  16. 


60S 
879 
724 
395 
315 

555 
415 
179 
232 
500 

251 
254 
316 

408 


420 
227 
172 
118 


Females. 


Above  16.     Under  16. 


933  I 

740 

465 

350  I 

493 
478 
259 
319 
438 

255 
382 
324 

478 
SI  7 

477 
254 
230 


638 
817 
719 
456 
264 

470 
446 
156 
256 
434 

185 
220 
287 
450 
390 

415 
234 
197 
UO 


Total 
whltci. 


2,814 
3,538 
2,926 
1,746 
1,241 

1,992 
1,780 
804 
1,079 
1,790 


1,160 
1,213 
1,730  I 
1,782 

1,739 
957 
792 
fi42 


Blacki. 


20 
67 

95 

** 

tl 
24 

17 
00  ' 

48  I 
65  I 
i>  I 
41 


I    Toulor 
Mch  town. 


2,888 
3,601 
2,»4S 
1,704 
1,821 

2,023 
1,864 
881 
1,209 
1,956 

97« 
1,232 
l,2S7 
t,7S6 
1,861 

1,808 

1,031 

830 

aoi 


Table  85 — POPULATION  OF  RHODE   ISLAND  AT   DIFFERENT  DATES,  FROM  1708  TO  1860,  INCLUSIVE,  BY 

COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS.' 


COUKTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

Dateot 
Incorpo- 
ration or 
setUe- 
ment. 

1706 

1780 

1748 

17S5 

1774 

1776 

1782 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

18W 

1840 

18M 

I8W 

State  total 

1636 

1747 

1T?0 
1747 
1747 

1750 

1741 
1677 
1741 
1643 

1703 

1856 
1678 
1747 
1743 

1639 
1672 
1638 
1747 

1703 

1806 
1754 
1747 
1862 
1781 
1731 

1759 
1765 
1862 
1731 
1731 

1636 

1729 

1738 
1743 
1757 
1674 
1723 
1747 
1689 

7,181 

17,935 

32,773 

40,414 

59,707 

65,011 

52,347 

68,825 

69,122 

77,081 

83,059 

97,210 

106,830 

147,545 

174,020 

1,749 

2,005 

2,789 

2,610 

2,471 

3,211 

3,801 

6,072 

6,037 

5,446 

6,476 

8,514 

8,907 

Barrington 

601 

1,209 

979 

7,888 

538 
1,067 
1,005 

7,993 

534 

1,032 

905 

7,526 

683 
1,406 
1,122 

8,848 

650 
1.678 
1,473 

8,487 

604 

2,693 
1,776 

9,834 

634 
3,197 
1,806 

10,228 

612 
3,034 
1,800 

12,788 

549 
3,490 
2,437 

13,063 

796 
4,616 
3,103 

15,068 

1,000 

1,069 
680 

4,384 

1,080 
925 

5,502 

5,271 

2,836 

£8nt  county              

720 

2,401 

17,303 

792 
1,044 

766 
1,782 

11,092 

1,178 
1,10- 
1,246 
1,911 

12,284 

2.023 
1,663 
1,764 
2,438 

15,928 

2,300 
1,664 
1,653 
2,376 

11,699 

2,107 
1,609 
1,698 
2,112 

11,677 

2,477 
1,824 
2,054 
2,493 

14,300 

2,423 
1,775 
1,757 
2,532 

14,845 

2,928 
1,530 
1,619 
3,757 

16,294 

3,139 
1,519 
1,927 
3,643 

15,771 

3,851 
1,591 
1,817 
5,529 

16,636 

3,433 
1,509 
1,415 
6,726 

16,874 

3,630 
2.358 
1.350 
7.740 

20,007 

4,247 

240 

1,223 

2,882 

1,258 

Warwick 

480 
3,245 

1,178 
6,064 

8,916 

Newport  county 

21,896 

Fall  Rivpr 

3,377 

JamestowD       

206 

321 

420 

1,152 

680 

6,508 
300 
992 

1,040 

3,690 

S17 

1,170 

778 

6,753 

378 

1,303 

1,325 

7,788 

563 

1,232 

881 

9,209 

675 

1,512 

1,956 

14,912 

322 

1,302 

860 

5,299 

478 

1.347 

2,091 

14,124 

345 

1,341 

674 

5,530 

478 

1.350 

1,959 

13,230 

507 

1,542 

840 

6,716 

682 

1,560 

2,453 

18,011 

601 

1,677 

913 

6,739 

714 

1,681 

2,717 

18.240 

504 

1,653 

976 

7.907 

722 

1,795 

2,837 

20,798 

448 

1,580 

949 

7,319 

955 

l.WS 

2,875 

23,969 

415 

1,378 

915 

8,010 
1,185 
1,727 
2,905 

30.184 

366 

1,327 

891 

8,333 
1,009 
1,706 
3.183 

34.901 

358 

1,462 

830 

9,563 
1.262 
1.833 
4.699 

40.013 

400 

1,304 

Middle  town 

1,013 

2,203 
208 
628 

4,640 
290 
813 

10,508 

New  Shoreham     

1.320 

Providence  county  (towns) 

57,133 

Bumllville 

1,834 
2,161 
2,210 

2,104 
2,274 
2,653 

2.196 
2,662 
3,675 

1,982 
2,901 
6,225 

3.638 
4.311 
6,661 

4,140 

1,460 
1,083 

1,861 
1,756 

1,701 
1,686 

1,688 
1,548 

i,S77 
1,964 

i,644 
2,056 

806 



i,763 
2,791 

996 
696 

2,268 
4,026 

1,320 
1,071 

2,457 
4,009 

1,364 
1,067 

2.6i3 
2.310 

1,616 
1,758 

2.966 
2,504 

1,542 
2,420 

2,521 

2,116 
3,508 

2,304 

2,477 

4.207 

2.872 

2,937 
7,680 

2,427 

Glocest^r 

1,202 

1,511 

2,945 

1,031 
830 

2,832 

1,022 
813 

3,440 
11,818 

North  Providence 

Pawtucket 

■"i,'232' 
450 

3,452 

8,406 

1,813 
1,921 

3,159 

9,676 

3,601 
2,888 

4,321 

13,869 

3,280 
2,781 

4,355 

14,230 

1,628 
2,217 

4,310 

13,133 

2,3IS 
3,171 

6,380 

18,075 

2,523 
3,120 

7,614 

16,136 

2,568 
3,828 

10,  on 

14,962 

2,834 
4,678 

11,767 

15,687 

3,993 
6,857 

16,836 

16,421 

4,090 
9.534 

23,172 

14,324 

4.682 
11.500 

41.. M3 

16.430 

4,2SI 
13,283 

Smithfleld 

Providence  city     

1,446 
1,770 

3,916 
5,554 

50,666 

Washington  county 

18,715 

1,002 
1,174 

1.130 
1,404 

1,821 
1.864 
1.808 
2.472 
2.835 
1,257 
1,812 

1,835 
1,982 
1.845 
2.761 
2.779 
1.204 
1,824 

1   '  — 

1 

2!  675 
I.IKM 

i.-x 

4.1.11 
1.710 
2,298 

1,454 

2.476 
2,276 
2,794 
3,438 
1,368 
2,329 

1,174 
2,256 
1.774 
2.957 
3,560 
i.X» 
1,911 

1.160 

2.581 
1.821 
3.007 
3.723 
1.423 
1,972 

1,284 
2,383 
1,777 
3.086 

.i.«a 

l,.T<a 
1.9.5 

I  " 
1 

3!  717 
1,361 
1,912 

J.MJT 
1.7R4 
2,763 

1.741 
t  73g 

Exeter 

Hopkinton 

North  Kingstown 

3.104 
4  717 

1,200 
■■576' 

2,105 
1,523 

■■i,'926' 

1,935 

1,978 

508 

1,809 

2,109 

1,913 

829 

2,291 

South  Kinpstown 

1,9M 
3.470 

Westerly 

1  Census  of  Rhode  Island,  ISia,  page  xxxll ,  prepared  by  Edwin  U.  Snow 


164 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

CONNECTICUT. 


Table  86  -WHITE    NEGRO    AND  INDIAN  POPULATION  OF  THE  COLONY  OF   CONNECTICUT,  BY   COUNTIES  AND 

TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1756.' 


COtTNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 


Hartford  county: 

Bolton 

Colchester 

East-Haddam 

Enfleld 

Fannington 

Glastenbury 

Haddam 

Hartford 

Hebron 

Middletown 

Symsbury 

Somers 

Stafford 

Suffleld 

Tolland 

Wethersfleld 

Willington 

Windsor 

Total 

New-Haven  county: 

Branford 

Derby 

Durham 

Guilford 

Miltord 

New-Haven 

Wallingford 

Waterbury 

Total 

New-London  county: 

Groton 

Lyme 

Killingsworth 

New- London 

Norwich 

Preston 

Saybrook 

Stonington 

Total. 

Fairfield  county: 

Danbury 

Fairfield 

Greenwich 

New-Fairfield 

New-Town 

Norwalk 


Whites. 


735 
2,228 
1,913 
1,050 
3,595 
1,091 
1,223 
2,926 
1,855 
5,446 
2,222 

900 
1,000 
1,414 

902 
2,374 

650 
4,170 


35,714 


1,694 
1,000 
765 
2,263 
1,633 
5,085 
3,713 
1,802 


17,955 


2,532 

2,762 
1,442 
3,171 
5.317 
1,940 
1,898 
2,953 


22,015 


1,509 
4,195 
2,021 
713 
1,230 
2,956 


Negroes. 


112 

24 

18 

101 


218 
23 


24 

15 
109 


179 
100 
16 


223 


33 

200  1 


18 
260 


158 

94 


365 


617 


COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 


Fairfield  coujity- 

Reading 

Eidgfleld.... 

Stanford 

Stratford 


-Continued. 


Total. 


Windham  county: 

Canterbury 

Coventry 

Pomphret 

Killingly 

Lebanon 

Mansfield 

Plainfield 

Ashford 

Voluntown 

Union 

Windham 

Woodstock 


Total. 


Litclifield  county: 
Barkhemsted . . 

Canaan 

Colebrook 

Cornwall '.. 

Goshen 

Hartland 

Harwinton 

Kent 

Litchfield 

New-Hartford . 
New-Milford... 

Norfolk 

Salisbury 

Sharon 

Torrington 

Winchester 

Woodbury 


Total. 


Hartford  county 

New-Haven  county  . . 
New-London  county  . 

Fairfield  county 

Windham  county 

Litchfield  county 


Total  for  colony . 


Whites. 


1,069 
2,648 
3,508 


19,849 


1,240 
1,617 
1,677 
2,100 
3,171 
1,698 
1,761 
1,245 
1,029 
500 
2,406 
1,336 


319,670 


18 
1,100 


500 

610 

12 

250 

1,000 

1,366 

260 

1,121 

84 

1,100 

1,198 

250 

24 

2,880 


11,  773 

35,714 
17,965 
22,015 
19,849 
19,670 
11,  773 


126,976 


Negroes. 


46 
120 
150 


ni 


103 
16 


54 

854 
226 
829 
711 
345 
64 


Indians. 


1  Connecticut  Colony  Public  Records,  Vol.  XIV,  page  492. 


'Corrected  figures. 


I 


76292— OO- 


166 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


CONNECTICUT— Continued. 
Table  87.— WHITE,  NEGRO,  AND  INDIAN  POPULATION  OF  THE  COLONY 


COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS. 

Males  under 
ten  years. 

Females 

under  ten 

years. 

MALES      BETWEEN 

TEN  AND  TWENTY 

YEARS,  MARRIED 

OR  SINGLE. 

FEMALES  BETWEEN 

TEN  AND  TWENTY 

YEARS. 

MALES  BETWEEN 

TWENTY  AND 

SEVENTY. 

FEMALES  BETWEEN 

TWENTY  AND 

SEVENTY. 

Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 

6 

7 
8 
9 

Hartford  county: 

154 
420 
530 
447 
481 

213 

965 
331 
294 
770 

360 
717 
671 
146 
223 

330 
200 
490 
178 
299 

162 
392 
477 
457 
443 

225 
1,007 
337 
286 
753 

375 
766 
609 
156 
199 

331 
193 
494 
157 
302 

121 
276 
389 
348 
353 

131 
736 
275 
224 
583 

316 
691 
406 
133 
199 

244 
150 
407 
119 
242 

2 

2 
6 
9 
2 

14 
10 
8 
9 
11 

8 
19 
12 
2 
9 

6 
1 

18 
10 

7 

105 
276 
314 
334 
332 

126 
616 
248 
1S7 
516 

308 
629 
439 
130 
162 

212 
167 
361 
122 
219 

154 
349 
442 
412 
439 

191 
958 
283 
241 
715 

312 
677 
591 
158 
201 

279 
101 
492 
155 
319 

48 
129 
139 
123 
178 

91 

295 

76 

89 

307 

122 

276 

120 

61 

69 

101 
86 

216 
39 

134 

159 
350 
480 
429 
433 

193 
965 
293 
261 

7)6 

307 
696 
597 
159 
197 

283 
161 
493 
146 
310 

69 
127 
166 
134 
217 

120 
292 
90 
104 
363 

123 
316 
118 
56 
48 

143 
171 

285 
46 
167 

4 

Fnfield                                         

1 

1 
1 

11 

2 
6 
6 

1] 

16 

Suffield                                         

9 

18 

5 

WiilinpT^n 

20 

Windsor 

7 

■>! 

Total                               

8,219 

284 
289 
166 
396 

279 

1,309 

824 

619 

8,121 

309 
289 
148 
372 

289 

1,213 

799 

609 

53 

6,243 

224 
252 
141 
362 

241 
902 
623 
422 

165 

5,722 

215 
205 
124 
286 

214 
829 
644 
361 

7,469 

317 
270 
149 
462 

322 

1,246 

726 

568 

2,679 

81 
106 

69 
170 

110 
618 
189 
132 

^  7,616 

322 
277 
164 
471 

329 

1,246 

737 

569 

3,134 

148 
83 
56 

237 

100 

467 
217 
138 

New-Haven  county: 

2 
2 

10 
2 

•Jfi 

MUford      

10 
1 
3 
5 

7 
25 
17 
19 

'>7 

•>t( 

WalUngford                                      

?n 

4,166 

574 
597 
311 
935 

1,099 
401 
432 
913 

4,028 

570 
601 
301 
917 

1,054 
405 
461 
818 

23 

10 
1 

3,167 

441 
430 
247 
599 

916 
291 
284 
661 

80 

22 
14 
4 
33 

8 
16 
10 
16 

2,778 

390 
422 
249 
593 

741 
244 
275 
622 

4,060 

538 
515 
272 
806 

1,056 

295 
411 
714 

1,475 

142 
448 
120 
207 

412 
99 
107 
151 

4,105 

632 
619 
278 
817 

1,069 
306 
410 
721 

1,446 

200 
231 
122 
343 

505 
128 
171 
262 

?i 

New-London  county: 

■i? 

11 

14 

21 

IS 

1(i 

Preston                         

16 

1 
4 

17 

18 

Total 

11 

5,262 

425 
774 
496 
199 
357 

754 
208 
299 

6,127 

387 

689 
420 
204 
357 

700 
189 
269 

53 

2 
2 

12 

3,859 

302 

557 
333 
170 
277 

544 
152 
214 
1,008 
665 

123 

12 
12 

24 
8 
8 

3,636 

282 
519 

287 
182 
281 

486 
121 
189 
909 
618 

4,607 

416 
741 
403 
207 
324 

638 
196 
276 
661 
830 

1,686 

103 
228 
114 
61 
103 

173 

46 

59 

244 

292 

4,652 

424 
739 
404 
199 
324 

638 
206 
281 
562 
812 

1,962 

81 
183 
112 
44 
67 

217 
46 
57 
199 
240 

40 

Fairfield  county: 

41 

4? 

41 

New-Fairf:eld      

44 

1 

4S 

Norwalk 

4fi 

Redding 

2 

4 

7 

33 

47 

1 

13 
2 

48 

44 

806 

795 

Total 

sn 

4,318 

438 
340 
334 
582 

590 
354 
254 
421 

242 
97 
532 
320 

4,010 

374 
290 
325 
521 

552 
382 
241 
376 

245 

67 

533 

333 

33 
3 

4,212 

330 
234 

276 
461 

515 
307 
168 
277 

202 

68 

482 

230 

110 
3 

3,874 

242 
259 
286 
372 

460 
305 
177 
263 

156 
61 
387 
234 

4,592 

356 
307 
314 
530 

640 
363 
216 
330 

231 

83 

476 

243 

1,413 

114 
97 
154 
152 

208 
142 
73 
67 

57 

14 

173 

119 

4,589 

358 
315 
320 
542 

549 
353 
217 
339 

235 

83 

491 

243 

1,24« 

123 
137 

177 
168 

285 
165 
83 
93 

46 

16 

267 

195 

,S1 

Canterbury 

s? 

w 

2 

5 
2 

26 
14 
3 
13 

4 

M 

Killingly 

W 

4 
2 
1 
3 

W 

Mansfleld 

S7 

Plalnfleld 

W 

59 

Voluntown 

id 

i1 

1 

7 

1 

62 

63 

4,504 

4,238 

16 

3,550 

78 

3,202 

3,978 

1,370 

4,045 

1,754 

64 

Barkhemsted 

iS 

258 

273 

2 

194 

9 

190 

263 

63 

254 

47" 

66 

Colebrook 

i7 

190 
202 

160 
193 

130 
138 

1 
4 

107 
113 

162 
171 

30 
69 

165 
172 

20 
29 

iS 

69 

Hartland 

7(1 

I  larwinton 

179 
384 

428 
176 

163 
352 
435 
158 

115 
176 
304 
119 

119 
166 

266 

161 
313 
399 

50 
141 

150 

161 
262 
403 
155 

50 
78 
83 
45 

71 

Kent 

11 

1 

17 

7 

7? 

7.1 

•Connecticut  Colony  Public  Records,  Vol.  XIV,  pages  485  to  191. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

CONNECTICUT-Continued. 
OF  CONNECTICUT,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1774.' 


167 


HALES  ABOVS 
SEVENTY. 

FKHALES  ABOVE 
8BVSNTT. 

Nem 

males 

under 

twenty. 

Negro  te- 
nmle.s  un- 
diTtweaty. 

Negro 

males  almvc 

twenty. 

Negro  fo- 

inolesaliove 

twenty. 

1 

Indian        Indian  fe- 
males under  mules  under 
iK^enly.         twenty. 

Indian 

males  above 

twenty. 

Indian  fe- 
males aljove 
twenty. 

Total 
whites. 

Total 
blocks. 

Married. 

Single. 

Mcrriert. 

Single. 

11 
20 
29 
20 
37 

21 

35 

3 

10 
42 

15 
23 
39 
14 
15 

12 
13 
28 
13 
22 

5 
10 
7 
5 
8 

5 
17 
17 

3 
20 

8 
10 
8 
3 
5 

6 
3 
13 
3 

19 

5 
11 
18 

6 
16 

13 
19 

7 

6 

42 

16 
16 

9 

7 

31 

15 

22 

9 
47 
23 

9 
34 

13 
39 

3 

5 

41 

21 

9 

4 
15 
61 
13 

9 

4 
26 
13 

5 
51 

19 
61 
10 

2 

994 

2,  sue 

3.057 
2,743 
2.961 

1.363 
6.903  { 
1,992 
1,713 
4,881 

2,286 
4,btJ0 
3,071 
1,024 
1,333 

1,980 
1,247 
3,347 
1,000 
•2,073 

7 

28 

201 

U5 

38 

7 

106 

79 

13 

150 

52 
198 

29 
3 

1 

37 

15 

142 

43 

1 
7 

4 
44 

18 

8 

3 
14 
19 

4 
29 

10 
46 
0 

1 

1* 
27 
0 
0 

1 
8 
I 
2 

1 

7 

1 
1 

2 
3 

1 

11 
2 
3 

3 

4 

6 

« 
7 
8 
g 

IG 
18 

4 
28 

12 

45 

9 

7 
13 

8 
3 

9 
9 

14 
1 

'i 

37 

11 
40 

4 

3 

2 

10 

II 

17 

35                 20 
8                   8 
10                   6 



13 



14 



1 

6 

1 

28 

16 

7 

5 

17 

11 

22 

17 
6 

28 
1 

14 

5 
5 
44 

6 
2 
20 

16 
2 
44 

1 
14 

1 
3 

2 

1 

1 
1 

16 

17 

18 

19 

9 

8 

0 

2 

2 

2 

20 

422 

13 
12 
0 
35 

15 
48 
33 
20 

175 

5 
6 
4 
9 

10 
44 
10 
6 

290 

7 

6 

3 

29 

11 
24 
24 
9 

358 

13 
12 
7 
17 

28 
60 
31 
21 

274 

28 
11 
7 
13 

41 
66 
27 

248 

27 
15 
10 
14 

35 

70 

28 

7 

370 

35 
12 
16 
20 

52 
70 
48 
15 

201 

21 
12 
11 
14 

30 

66 
31 
6 

32 

2 

5 

I 
8 

32 

24 

1 
6 

34 

1 

6 

>60,066 

1,938 
1,819 
1,031 
2,846 

1,965 
8,022 
4,777 
3,498 

1,216 

113 
70 
46 
84 

102 
273 
ISt 

38 

21 

22 

5 

23 
24 

10 

2 

1 

3 

3 
2 
1 

1 

35 

36 

7 
2 

2 

2 
1 

1 

27 

2K 

29 

182 

19 
34 
14 
49 

55 
21 
26 
22 

94 

8 
5 
6 
13 

23 
11 
S 
13 

113 

13 
17 
12 
13 

38 
7 
20 
21 

179 

29 
26 
21 
18 

56 
15 
15 

28 

199 

4 
70 

62 
5 
IS 
85 

206 

39 

26 

6 

79 

54 
11 
12 
49 

'2(18 

42 

35 

6 

89 

69 
25 
20 
49 

'181 

42 

27 

3 

78 

49 
12 
8 
36 

27 

65 
21 
6 
64 

16 
11 
3 

73 

19 

36 
18 
2 

48 

14 

9 

9 

39 

23 

4 

35 

11 

1 

1 

28 

10 

66 
42 
2 
60 

20 
9 

25,896 

3,488 
3,800 
1,967 
6,306 

7,032 
2,265 
2.628 
4,956 

925 

XO 

238 

,13 

622 

295 
83 
59 

450 

30 

.11 

.t! 
.B 
34 

36 

36 
37 

80 

66 

38 

240 
14 

84 

A 

143 

7 
20 
10 

6 
20 

25 
6 
6 

208 

12 
39 
11 
6 
23 

17 
3 
7 

328 

15 
83 
35 
5 
12 

37 
9 
9 

12 

09 

276 

13 
75 
25 
4 
20 

25 
14 
9 
18 
72 

335 

15 
91 
34 
6 
18 

43 

17 

9 

17 

108 

25.0 

7 

66 

20 

S 

9 

31 
6 
8 
13 
70 

249 

207 

142 

2 
2 
2 

244 

1 
2 
3 

31,542 

2,473 
4,644 

2.664 
1,288 
2,lli8 

4,243 
1.189 
1,673 
3,603 
6,201 

2.036 

63 
319 
122 
20 
01 

M'. 
-I', 
.\.'> 
W 

344 

1,214 

62 
24 
06 
47 

119 

■a 

SI 

11 

35 

2 

91 

80 

39 
40 

30                 U 
19                  ^ 

41 

3 

43 

9 
20 

43 

10 

7 

3 
6 

8 
4 
4 

43 

1 

1 
2 

44 

4 

3 

4.', 

■;•• 

■ 

4. 

48 

38 

14 

19 

47 

7 

12 

9 

7 

190 

19 
21 
17 
36 

43 
17 
13 
17 

26 
8 
35 
11 

65 

5 
1 
8 
14 

9 
13 
4 
8 

2 
S 
3 
13 

119 

10 

14 

7 

22 

25 
11 
12 

7 

22 
6 

1! 

165 

17 
17 
16 
37 

35 
25 
18 
15 

9 

4 

32 

21 

286 

6 

4 

22 

12 

30 
3 

18 
2 

9 

275 

4 
6 
11 
2 

19 
1 
9 
2 

3 

358 

22 
7 
13 
14 

22 

iJ 
7 

9 
1 

15 
IS 

234 

9 
S 

7 
7 

27 
3 

13 
2 

8 

1 

29 

10 

8 

1 

18 

1 

19 

7 
2 
3 
1 

4 
1 
3 

10 

2 

28,936 

2,392 
2,032 
2,241 
3,439 

3,841 
2,443 
1,479 
2,228 

1,479 

613 

3,437 

1,974 

60 

51 
.'•3 

2 
2 

9 
3 
9 

i 

4 

6 
6 
8 

3 
S 

3 
2 
6 

53 
54 

65 

in 

2 

3 

1 

69 

at 

18 
3 

10 
14 

2 
13 

I 

3 

7 

7 
9 

IB 

263 

85 

165 

246 

1              127 

1 

81 

147 

121 

43 

47 

31 

37 

37,494 

■260 
1,673 

•ISO 

957 

1,008 

•600 

1.016 

1,922 

2,609 

985 

634 

as 

M 

Y 

i 

6" 

h' 

ie' 

ie' 

'" 

IS 



S3 

66 

3" 

7 

7' 

9 
10 

8 

3' 

3' 

4 

v 

7 
4 
0 

3' 

6 

6" 

5 
14 
5 

2 

3 

! 

i" 

1                 8 

2' 

5 
9 

i' 

I 

i' 

1 

i' 

2 

7 

1 

* 

3 

17 
13 

;i 
:< 

4.'> 
10 

07 
«8 

3' 

15 

is' 

1 

4 

^' 

3 

ii" 

1 

is" 

8 
6 

on 

71 

1 
S 

73 

•  Corrected  figures. 


•  Not  distributed  by  sex. 


168 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


CONNECTIC  UT— Continued . 
Table  87.— WHITE,  NEGRO,  AND  INDIAN  POPULATION  OF  THE  COLONY 


COUNTIES   AND  TOWNS. 

Males  under 
ten  years. 

Females 

under  ten 
years. 

MALES   BET  W  KEN 

TEN  AND  TWENTY 

YEARS,   MARRIED 

OR  SINGLE. 

FEMALES  BETWEEN 

TEN  AND  TWENTY 

YEARS. 

MALES  BETWEEN 

TWENTY  AND 

SEVENTY. 

FEMALES  BETWEEN 
TWENTY  AND 

SEVENTY. 

Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

74 

Litchfield  county— Continued. 

New-Milford                  

490 
156 
347 
343 

132 

3S4 

55 

921 

497 
151 
358 
342 

134 

352 

69 

889 

15 

325 
109 
240 
259 

99 

nt; 

34 
COO 

27 
3 
7 

11 

254 
110 
224 
236 

75 
166 

19 
587 

482 
155 
278 
307 

139 
313 

60 
821 

83 

30 

111 

77 

56 
141 

18 
260 

460 
155 
271 
303 

146 
262 
56 
795 

61 
27 
70 
56 

54 

78 

11 

235 

7,"; 

7fi 

77 

7S 

7fl 

11 

17 

1 

33 

^0 

Winchester 

R1 

Woodbury             

4 

Total 

S*> 

4,645 

S,219 
4,166 
5,262 
4,318 
4,504 
4,645 

4,526 

8,121 
4,028 
5,127 
4,010 
4,238 
4,526 

44 

S3 
23 
53 
33 
16 
44 

3,018 

6,243 

3,167 
3,859 
4,212 
3,550 
3,018 

141 

16.5 
80 

123 

110 
78 

141 

2,748 

5,722 
2,778 
3,536 
3,S74 
3,202 
2,748 

4,160 

7,469 
4,060 
4,607 
4,592 
3,978 
4,160 

1,318 

2,679 
1,475 
1,686 
1,413 
1,370 
1,318 

4,010 

■7,616 
4,105 
4,652 
4,589 
4,045 
4,010 

944 

3, 1.34 
1,446 
1,962 
1,246 
1,754 
944 

m 

S4 

AS 

Kfi 

S7 

Windham  county 

W 

Total  for  colony                

ffl 

31,114 

30,050 

222 

24,049 

697 

21,860 

28,866 

9,941 

'29,017 

10,486 

1  Corrected  figures. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


169 


CONNECTICUT-Continued. 
OF  CONNECTICUT,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  TOWNS:  CENSUS  OF  1774— Continued. 


UALES  ABOVE 
SEVENTY. 

FEMALES  ABOVE 

SEVENTY. 

Neero 

miilcs 

under 

twent.v. 

Negro  fe- 
males un- 
der twenty. 

Negro         Negro  fe- 
males above  males  aliove 
twenty.         twenty. 

Indian 

males  under 

twenty. 

Indian  fe- 
males under 
twenty. 

Indian        Indian  fe- 
males above  males  above 
twenty.         twenty. 

Total 
whiles. 

Total 
blacks. 

.Married. 

Single. 

Married. 

Single. 

19 
4 
11 
1<J 

3 
9 

1 
22 

6 

1 
1 
9 

5 
1 

11 
1 
9 

12 

5 

7 

1 

16 

6 
4 

9 

12 

12 

1 
8 
5 

8 
2 
7 
6 

8 

6 

■2,736 
■906 
1,936 
1,986 

■848 

1,022 

327 

6,224 

34 

1                 26 

74 

T, 

10 

8 

1 

10 
6 

I 

5 

2 

1 
1 

1 

76 

77 

78 

5 
2 
25 

79 

7 
20 

1 
19 

2 
24 

2 
11 

^ 

16 

3 

2 

2 

2 

81 

139 

422 
182 
240 
190 
263 
139 

SI 

175 
94 
84 
65 
85 
51 

92 

290 
113 
143 
119 
165 
92 

108 

358 
179 
208 
165 
246 
108 

92 

274 
199 
328 
2,S6 
127 
92 

79 

248 
206 
276 
275 
81 
79 

99 

370 
I2G8 
336 
358 
147 
99 

61 

201 
■181 
255 
234 
121 
61 

32 

32 
27 
249 
8 
43 
32 

32 

32 
19 
207 
18 
47 
32 

19 

24 
9 
142 
19 
31 
19 

28 

34 

16 

244 

J? 
26 

■,'20,844 

■60,666 
25.896 
31,542 
28.936 
27.494 

■26,844 

440 

1,215 

925 

2,036 

1,214 

634 

440 

82 

S3 

84 
85 
80 
87 
88 

1.436 

554 

922 

1,264 

1,306 

1,165 

■1,577 

>:,a53 

391 

355 

244 

J73 

■,'111,378 

6.464 

89 

)  Includes  900  not  distributed  by  sex. 


170 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  YORK. 

Table  88.-P0PULATI0N  OP  THE  COLONY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  COUNTIES:  1698.' 


Albany 

Dutohess  and  Ulster 

KuiKS 

New- York 

Orange 

Queens 

Richmond 

Suflolk 

Westchester 

Total 


380 
248 
308 
1,019 
29 

1,  41)5 
328 
973 
316 


5,06(5 


Women. 


270 

111 

332 

1,057 

31 

1,350 
208 

1,024 
294 


4,077 


Children. 


1,161 
140 

661 
118 
124 
307 


6,154 


Negroes. 


23 
166 
296 
700 

19 

199 

73 

558 

146 


2,170 


Total. 


1,476 
1,384 
2,017 
4,937 
219 

3,.'>0S 

727 

2,679 

1,063 


18,067 


■  Census  of  the  State  of  New- York,  1856,  page  iv. 

Table  89.-MALE  AND  FEMALE  POPULATION  OF  THE  COLONY  OF  NEW  YORK,  IN  CERTAIN  AGE  GROUPS,  BY 

COUNTIES:  1703.' 


COiniTlES. 

Males  from 
16  to  60. 

Females. 

Male  chil- 
dren. 

Female 
children. 

Male  ne- 
groes. 

Female  ne- 
groes. 

Male  ne- 
gro chil- 
dren. 

Female  ne- 
gro chil- 
dren. 

All  above 
60. 

Total.' 

Albany.                   

610 

345 

813 

49 

952 
176 
787 
383 
472 

385 

304 

1,009 

40 

763 
140 
756 
305 
469 

515 

433 

934 

57 

1,093 

42 

818 

436 

382 

605 
487 
989 
84 

1,170 

49 

797 

357 

386 

83 
136 
102 

13 

117 
60 
60 
63 
74 

63 

76 

288 

7 

114 
32 
62 
36 
46 

36 
72 
131 

7 

98 
4 

38 
31 
60 

28 

61 

109 

6 

96 
1 

38 
15 
29 

58 

2,273 

1,912 

New-York 

4,375 

Orange 

5 

268 

4,392 

504 

Suffolk..                   

23 
39 

3,346 

Ulster 

1,649 

1,946 

Total 

4,487 

4,161 

4,710 

4,924 

707 

702 

467 

382 

125 

20,665 

["        1  Census  of  the  State  of  New- York.  1855,  page  iv. 

2  In  a  subsequent  communication  to  the  Lords  of  Trade  in  1712  (Colonial  Ilistory  of  New- York,  Vol.  V,  page  339)  the  totals  of  the  census  of  1703  are  quoted  differently 
from  those  in  the  above  table.  There  are  no  means  for  determ.ining  whether  this  difference  arose  from  a  subsequent  correction  of  errors,  or  from  mistakes  incopying.  As  given 
in  the  latter,  the  totals  were  as  follows:  New  York,  4,436;  Kings,  1,915;  Richmond,  503;  Orange,  268;  Westchester,  1,946;  Queens,  4,392;  Suffolk,  3,346;  Albany,  2,273; 
Ulster  and  Dutchess,  1,669. 

3  Included  in  first  column. 

Table  90.— NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

ENXJMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703. * 


Masters  of  familts. 

Males  from 
16  to  60. 

females. 

Male 
Children. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negros. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 
Children. 

female 

Negro 

Children. 

all  above 
60. 

Total  for  citv 

780 

985 

903 

924 

298 

276 

124 

noi 

65 

EAST  W.UiD. 

Ebenezr  Wilson 

3 

4 
1 
2 
1 
1 

1 
4 
2 
1 

3 

2 

1 

1 
1 

Mr  l.eiiis 

Mr  lOverson 

1 

Mrs  Vantyle 

1 
1 

Mr  Haris 

2 
1 

2 

3 

1 

Thorns  Dyer 

Mrs  Smith 

3 
2 
2 

1 

1 
3 
1 
2 
1 

1 

4 
2 

1 

Garot  Ilaier 

2 

Frances  Coderos 

3 

1 

John  Lasly 

1 

1 
1 
2 
2 

Thoms  Evens 

1 

* Hendricls 

Peter  V'antilbry 

1 

1 

Frances  WesseUs 

5 
2 

1 

6 

Mrs  Basset 

1 
2 

Capt  Novered 

1 

John  Morthouse 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
1 
2 
2 
1 

1 

Beverly  Latham 

1 
2 

1 

3 
1 
1 
6 
2 

3 

1 
1 
1 
1 

3 
2 

1 

Mrs  liabl 

Capt  Morris 

3 

1 

2 

1 



Peter  Mountu 

1 
2 
2 
2 

1 

Hendrick  Mavr 

John  .Stephen's 

3 
4 
3 

1 
1 
1 

Capt  Tudor 

1 

1 

Stuen  Volo 

Fany  ye  Doctr 

Abraham  Brazier 

1 
0 

Mr  Sinkeler 

1 

1 
2 
1 

1 

1 

Mr  Lees 

Capt  Forkell 

1 

2 

1 
1 

3 
1 

Peter  Thouet 

( 


1  New  York  Documentary  History,  pages  395  to  405. 


'  Corrected  figures. 


*  Illegible. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


171 


Table  90. 


NEW   YOUK-CoDtinued. 

-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 
ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703— Continued. 


MASTERS  OF  FAIULYS. 

Hales  Irom 
16  to  60. 



tenulu. 

Uala 
Children. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negras. 

tanala 
Negrai. 

Hale 

Necro 

ChUdran. 

female 

Nepo 

ChUdren. 

aUabore 

60. 

EAST  WARD— conimued.                            i 
James  pencer 1 

1 
1 
1 

3 

Mar^'D'tt  li ri^es 

Dot'tr  Del!iny 

1 
1 

3 

Mr  Sellwooil 

1 

1 

Widd  Hrown 

2 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 

1 
1 
1 
1 

I 

2 
1 

2 
1 
2 

1 
1 
3 

MrC'holwfll 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
2 

1 

1 

Johji  Ledhain 

Andrew  Gravcnrod 

WiUiam  Apell 

James  Blower 

John  Vanderspeygel 

1 

3 

1 
1 

1 

John  Htircs 

1 
3 
1 

1 
1 

Mrs  BlackRrove 

3 

3 
1 

2 

1 

1 

Mrs  Byiier 

2 

1 
1 
2 
T 

1 

1 
2 
1 
1 
4 

1 

1 

Doctr  Peters 

1 
3 
2 
1 

2 
3 

.. 

Mr  liiir^fT 

3 

:::":""i::' 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 

Capt  Borditt 

i 

1 

1     

1 

Janies  Ktrimett 

2 

3 
2 

I 

1 

1 

1 
1 
2 
1 

3 

Joseph  Isacks 

1 
1 

1 

1 
2 

3 
3 

1 

1 
3 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

Widd  Smith 

3 

1 

I 

1 
3 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

3 

1 

1 
3 

3 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

2 
2 

Mr  Hardlnburg                      

i 

1 

} 

3 
3 

1 

1 

Capl  Vancrouger       . .             

1 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 
2 
2 

1 

1 
2 
3 

1 
1 

1 

2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
2 
2 
2 
2 

1 
1 
2 
2 

1 

2 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
2 

1 
2 

1 
1 
2 
2 

1 

0 
2 
1 

1 
1 

2 

1 
1 
1 

1 

4 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

> 

1 

1 

1 

3 
1 
1 
1 

1 
2 
2 
1 
2 

1 



'  . 

1 
1 
4 

1 
1 
1 
2 
4* 

1.... 

1 
1 

1 

i.... 

3 

1 

Mr  Mnnsptt 

1 

1 
1 

1 

2 

3 

2 
4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

'..  .  . 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

i" 

1 

1 ' 

1 

1 

1 

Johnas  Longstrauts 

2 

J 1 

.. 

Abraham  Molts 

Capt  Trevett 

..; "i 1 



Georg  Elesworth 

4 

1 

1 
3 

2 
3 

1 
3 
3 

3 

S 

i" 

2 

1 

1                 2 

1 

Widd  Decay 

1 

M 

1 r":::::::;;; 

............ 

Capt  Shelly 

Thorns  Adams 

Widd  Kidd 

1 
I 

2 

6 

1 

I 

1 i' 

1         ":::::;:;:;:: 

1 



Widd  I'roos! 

i' 

2 
4 

1                  \ 

1                  2 

i' 

1 



•  Illegible. 


172 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

Table  90.-XVMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IX  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703— Continued. 


MASTERS  OF  FAMILYS. 

Males  from 
16  to  60. 

females. 

Male 
Children. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negros. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 

Children. 

female 

Negro 

Children. 

all  above 
60. 

EAST  "WARD — continued. 
Doct  Stets 

1 
1 

2 
2 
1 
2 

7 
2 
2 

1 



Elves  Now 

1 
1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

John  Davi 

1 
2 

1 

Abraham  Johns 

1 

1 
3 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
4 
1 

1 

1 
4 

1 
1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

4 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

0 

2,                    1 

2 
1 
4 

1 

1 

2 
2 

1 

1 
1 

1 

• 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

2 
5 

1 

3 

4 
3 
2 
1 

2 

/ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 
1 

1 
1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

2 
1 

2 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
2 

2 

1 

1 
1 

3 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

Benj  Bill 

1 

1 

1 
1 

2 
2 
3 

1 

1 

i 



Dant  np.vnns 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

2 

Arthr  Williams 

4 
1 
4 
2 

1 
1 
1 

Widd  \  andewater 

Cornelius  Bolson 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

0 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
0 

1 

2 
0 

: 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

0 

1 

1 
1 

Dan!  Mynard 

1 
1 
1 
2 

1 
5 
5 
2 
2 

1 
0 
0 
2 
4 

John  Mambroits 

Lucas  Tinhoven  ...          

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

0 
0 

0 

1 

2 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

: 
1 

Johanes  Urielant 

0 

1 
1 
2 

0 
0 
2 
3 

1 

0 
1 

2 
1 

Gabriell  Ludlow 

Mr  Slay 

Wm  Bikman 

2 
1 
2 

1 

I 

James  Debross 

Wm  Anderson 

0 

1 

Peter  Riphtnian 

Capt  Tuder 

0 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

0 
3 

1 

0 

1 

John  Lastly 

Widd  Vontylborough 

2 
3 

0 
3 

WmPell 

Thorns  Huck 

1 
1 

Widd  Peterow 

Robert  Pudenton 

Wm  Shackerlv 

0 
2 

1 
I 
1 

1 
1 

1 
3 

1 
0 

Mr  Huddleston 

2 

Nichol  Debower 

Johanes  D  payster 

1 

2 

0 

2 

Wm  White !]::!!::::::::"■ 

Abraham  Moll 

3 

1 

2' 



1 

1 

1  I 

Levenus  Deuind 

Richd  Sackett '.'.',','.'.'.'. 

2 

3' 

i' 

1 

! 

Soffell  Seeworth '.'.'.'..'. 

i' 

i' 

2 
i 

3 

i' 

2 

1 

1 

1 





EEEiZZl 

I 

I 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


173 


Table  90. 


NEW  YORK-Continued. 
-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK.  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 
ENUMERATION  MADE  AUOLT  THE  YEAR  1703-Coutinue.l. 


MASTERS  OP  FAMILYS. 

Males  from 
16to(iO. 

females. 

Male            female 
ChUdren.      ChUdron. 

Hale 
Negrot. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 
ChUdren. 

female 
ChU£eD. 

1 

all  above 
«0. 

EAST  WARD— continued. 
Isaac  Ferbergln 

1 

1 

i' 

I 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

i' 

i" 

1 
1 

i' 

1 

1 

i' 

3 

2 
2 

0 

2 
2 

1 
1 
1 

2 
* 
2 
1 
1 

2 
2 
0 
1 

1 
1 
I 
1 

1 

1 

i' 

0 

1 

1 

2 

i' 

6' 

I 

0 

1 
1 
1 

1 

2 

1 
2 
2 

1 
1 

: 
1 
1 

1 
1 

4 
2 
2 

3 

1 
3 
2 

1 

3 

1 
1 
1 

4 

2 

i' 

2 

WidU  Lees 

Mrs  Mussett !.!.!!!!!!! 

Win  Naseros ] 

i' 

i' 

s 

1 

i' 

1 

1 

1 

Tnonis  RoberU 

Uoner  Uritt .....V. 

Thorns  i  lains 

Robt  Walls 

Giddeon  Vergeren 

Evert  Ditken 

John  N'anfan 

Claud  Bouden 

Heudriek  Vandespegle 

Mr  (Jleenoross 

Dan  Thwaictes 

2 

2 

2 

Wid^i  ret rer  Bond 

Charl  Bakcman 

Johanes  Banker 

Jos  Carlsee 

i' 

2 

1 

2 

John  »t  Kllas  Petrain 

Hen-Irlok  Kflllson 

s 

3 
0 

1 
0 

2 
0 

1 

2 

1 

1 
0 
0 

3 
1 
0 

6' 

0 

i 

0 

Victor  Bick'T 

Sarah  Scou  ton 

1 
1 

1 
3 
0 
0 

1 

2 
0 

1 
1 
0 

4 

3 

2 

I 
3 
1 

2 

1 
3 

1 

0 
0 

1 

0 

0 

1 



PettT  VV  ca'ls 

Jac'obus  Morrtsgreen 

William  Svnis 

- 

1 



1 

John  (  anoon 

1 

Widdow  Bush 

1 

1 

William  Jackson 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Johannps  \'an  Geser 

Willi'lmus  NVucnhousen 

1 

3' 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Thomas  1  lardin 

I 
1 
0 

2 

0 

1 
X 

I 

1 

I 
0 

Madam  Duhoiso 

0 
1 

3 
2 
2 

1 
1 

1 
3 
1 
1 
1 

1 
2 
2 
1 
2 

2 
1 
1 
3 
1 

1 
1 
3 

I 
1 

1 
3 
2 
3 

3 

? 
3 
0 

3 

1 

0 

1 

1 

Thomas  Koberts 

1 
2 

I 

3 
1 

1 
2 



1 



3 

Widdow  Howard. 

4 
1 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 
2 
2 
1 

I 

2 
1 

f 
2 

1 

1 



2 

1 

1 

12 

2 

1 
1 

1 
1 

2 
3 
1 
1 

1 
1 
2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2                   2 

3 

2 
2 
2 

1 

» Illegible. 


174 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

Table  90.-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703— Continued. 


MASTERS  OF  FAMaYS. 

Males  from 
16  to  60. 

females. 

Male 
ChUdren. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negros. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 

Children. 

female 

Negro 

Children. 

all  above 
60. 

SOUTH  -WARD— continued. 
Adrian  Man 

4 
0 

2 
2 

1 

1 

01 
2 
2 
1 

1 
2 
6 
3 
1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 

1 
1 
2 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
3 

1 

2 
1 
2 
2 
1 

1 
3 
I 
2 
4 

2 

1 
2 

1 
1 

2 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
2 
2 

1 

1 
1 

3 

1 
1 
2 
1 
1 

1 
7 
2 
2 
1 

2 
3 

Wlddow  Lysenncr 

3' 

1 
1 

3 

2 

i 

1 

1 
1 

4 

1 
2 

1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

3 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 
1 
1 
2 
1 

1 

Wiflftow  Phillin"?                                                                         

1 

2 
1 

1 
1 

2 

1 

i 

1 

2 

1 

1 
1 

3 

1 

2 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
5 
3 

3 
4 
2 

2 

2 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

3 
2 

1 

2 
2 

1 

1 

1 

Johannes  Johnson 

1 
1 

1 

James  Many 

3 

2 
3 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

2 
2 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

Johannes  Vanrost 

Mr  Vanposon 

Mr  VanKoson 

1 

1 

I 

1 

Christophr  norland 

2 
2 
1 
5 
4 

1 
2 

Widdow  van  plank 

3 

1 
1 

Johannes  Vanderhield 

1 

1 
1 
2 

Widdow  Keisted 

1 
2 

2 

1 
1 
2 
2 
I 

1 

4 
2 

Widdow  Deshamp 

2 
2 

1 

Mr  Antm 

2 

Wilellmus  Navensusen 

Francis  \Mncent 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

Jacob  Maurice 

2 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
2 
I 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
0 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

3 

Widdow  Bush 

2 

4 
1 
3 

1 

Mr  Honan 

1 

Widdow  Cortland 

5 

1 

1 
1 

Widdow  Keisteed 

Hendrick  Mester 

2' 

Lydiah  Rose 

Johannes  Veckden : .!!!!!!!!!!!] 

i' 

1 

3 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

2 
1 
1 

2 

0 
2 

2 

1 

4 

2 

1 
1 

1 

Mancell  Hansen 

2 
1 

1 
4 
2 

2" 

1 

3 

2 

i 

Jacob  Van  Direse 

E]?azer  Bogert 

Joriz  Breger ..'./........ 

2 

6' 

1 

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

I 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

NEW  YOKK— Continued. 


175 


Table  90.-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK.  RY  WARDS  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703-ConUnued  A^^O^DING  TO  THE 


UAaTERS  or  FAMILYS. 

Males  from 
16  to  00. 

feinales. 

Male 
ChUdren. 

femulo 
ChUdren. 

Male 
Negm. 

female 
ChUdren. 

■Utbore 
W. 

NORTH  WARD— continued. 
Wm  Waderson 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 
1 

1 





Henrv  ColoTnan 

Phitin  licllpiiz                                             

i 

' 

Joseph  Bresser 

Kaiio  Vanderbecck ].!!!!!!.!!!![! 

2 

1 

Jacob  Halck ..!!!....!!..!.!! 

Sanil  MarteD 

i 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

i 

1 
1 
1 
1 

2 
0 

J 

::::::::::::  ::::::::::::I::::::::::: 

Jo  Dicker 

1 

0 
2 

I 
2 

1 

2 
0 
1 

2 

1 
3 

3' 

3 

1 

John  Benteii 1 .!!  i !!!"!.!!!!!.!!!!!  ] 

Joseph  Paling "  ] 

i 

0 

i 

Mr  Evert 

1 

Jacob  Swart 

'.;;::;:::;::: 

Edwd  Lock !^I! !!.'.'! !!!."! 

Marro  yuick 

i' 

1 

1 

j 

Isaac  Jutor 

Danl  Travore 

I 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

llenderick  Drimiez 

Derick  Ritenbogert 

i' 

2 

6 

i' 

2 

1 
1 
2 

2 
2 
1 
2 

Jan  Kart'lse 

Janetii-  dcRraus 

1 

!.l !. 

!. 

1 

Uarmcn  dcgraus 

Andrrw  Douwe 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Vochem  Lotyer 

2 
2 
0 

i 

1 

Hendrjck  Oostrom 

Yan  TIeslook 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

2 
2 

[ 

Christian  Lowrier 

1 

Annotie  Ijowrier 

1 

i 

2 

4 

1 

Robt  Milro 

3 

1 
1 
1 

2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
1 

S 

1 
1 
1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

Aljmc  Vandyck 

1 

Suaanna  Tocter 

1 
1 
1 

2 

: 

Ilanz  Kiprstede 

2 

Wvl'UFKli  Vanbos 

1..           

Direck  Slick 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

2 

Enoch  Kill 

2 
1 

Reyere  Martesc 

2  1 

1 

3l                i\ 

1 

I 

6 

• Morott 

0 

2 
2 
4 
3 



1 
1 
1 

Alexander  Lazn  . 

2 
2 

WmAttell 

i 

Mrs  Anieker 

1 
1 

2 

I 

1 

2 
I 

1. 

1 

•i 

81 
1 

4 
1 

4 
1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 
1 

2 

2 

1 

1 
2 
3 

3 

0 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
3 
2 

i. 

1.... 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 
1 

1 

i  :;;;..;:. 

}i 

1 

Antiene  Vellerton 

1                  2                  1 

BneJ  I'roovoost 

i  ' 

•Illegible. 

176 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GRO\ATH. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

Table  90  -NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 
"     '  ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703-Continued. 


MASTERS   OF   FAMILYS. 

Males  from 
16  to  60. 

females. 

Male 
Children. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negros. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 

ChUdren. 

female 

Negro 
ChUdren. 

all  above 
00. 

NORTH  WARD— continued. 

Denis  S weetman 

Hendrick  Boz 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
3 
2 

i' 

3 

Annetie  Henne 

Mr  Vandrick 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Abraham  Kip 

ffrans  Vandyck 

Aaron  Vanvhirden 

John  Van  strijp 

Hathman  Wessels 

Peter  Yaaokse 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

4 
2 

i 

1 
1 

i' 

i' 

Peter  Saryo 

Yan  Sivvere 

YanHille 

1  1 

2  3 

1 

3 



Yan  Yonz 

i' 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

i 

1 
1 

1 

3 
3 

2 

7 

2 
2 

2 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 



2 

3 

4 
1 
0 

2 
1 
2 
2 

1 
1 

2 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Swerez  Hendricks 

2 

1 
0 

1 

1 
1 
3 
2 

1 
1 
1 
3 

2 
2 
1 

2 
3 

4 

2 

1 

1 
2 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

4 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

4 
2 
2 
2 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

3 

3 

2 
3 

1 
5 

1 

2 
3 
1 
2 
1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Yan  Keoeck 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

5 
3 
1 

1 
1 
1 



1 

Wm  Bogaert 

1 

1 

2 
1 
2 

1 

2 

2 

1 
4 
1 

2 
1 
2 

1 

Hatie  Provoost 

2 

Martie  V'andeheyden 

« 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

Barent  Lool 

1 

Garret  Onckelbaok 

1 

Saml  Lockeriest 

3 
9 

1 

1 

" 

1 

Barnard uz  Siait 

1 

2 

Caterina  liuotz 

1 

1 

Barnard  us  Hardebroer 

1 

1 

1 

1 
4 

1 
1 
2 
0 

4 

1 

1 

1 

Corneliz  Loris 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

Peter  Boz 

2 

1 

9 

Garret  Burper 

1 

1 

1 

2 
2 

Lavie  Vandmirse 

2 
2 

2 
3 

1 

1 

"V  annetre  \V  ande  Watte  



Am  Reijt 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
2 
1 
2 

1 
1 

1 

i 

1 

Yan  Narhree 

, 

1 

1:;:;::::;:::;:;:::::::: 

1 

I 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


177 


Table  90. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IX  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  HY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 
ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703-Continued. 


MASTEItS  OF  FAMILYS. 

Males  from 
l«  tooo. 

females. 

Male 
ChUdren. 

female 
ChUdren. 

Male 
Negim. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 
ChuTen. 

female 

Ne«ro 

Children. 

all  utiove 
U). 

NORTH  WAKiJ— continued, 
Yan  Konce 

1 

Mrs  Boseit 

1 

1 
2 

1 

2 

1 
1 
1 

2 
2 
2 

1 
2 

Wessell  E vereee 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Bettie  Rammesen 

WEST  WARD. 

Peter  Bavard 

1 
0 
1 
1 
4 

2 
1 

2 
1 

1 

1 

1 

AVm  Smith    Aldermn 

2 

1 

1 
1 

4 

0 

' 

1 

Matt:  Pe  Hart 

1 

2 

Jacoli  Vansune 

1 

1 

1 

1 
2 

1 
2 
2 

1 

1 
2 

1 
1 
3 

3 
3 

4 

1 

1 
3 
3 

1 

2 
0 
0 

Bar;  Laroox 

1 

1 
1 
2 

1 

}smic  i)o  Boogh 

1 
0 
3 

1 
1 

2 

U 

1 

1 

1 
0 

t 

2 

M rs  Jtiini boll 

1 

1 

2 

2 
1 
2 

Robt  White 

Catherine  While 

::::::::::::|::::::::": 

Vk'm  Waloh 

1 
1 

1 
1 

3 

5 

3 

2 
1 

I 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 
2 

Dehorah  Symconi 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

Augu  stu  s  ( !  rassett 

1 

1 
1 

2 

.  . 

1 

I 

2 

2 

1 

1 
2 
1 

Kol)t  I'dwanis 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
2 

1 

2 

4 

1 
2 

1 

1 

2 



2 

1 

1 



2 
•1 
I 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 



' 

1 
1 

I 

1 
1 

1 

Han:  Teiiijck 

1 
1 

1 

::::::::::::i:::::::::::: 

3 

2 
2 

i 
i" 





Isaac  Garners 

1 
1 

1      . . 

Will:  Shullwood 

4 
4 

2 

4 
I 

2* 

i' 

JoresUiersie 

Archibald  Reed 

I:;:::::::::l:::::::::::: 

1 
1 

I 
1 

I.. 

Edwd  Hurley 

LIcft  niirkle'y 

1 

1 

* 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

l'                ' 



K 

:::::::::;:: 

1 
j' 

Walter  n  Boise 

• """ ',',',','."'.'.'.'.'. 

Garret  C'osyn 

Alberts  Laynderts 

PaulTuk 

1 

a' 

f"^^^"''"''..'' 

1 

""; 1 



( , 

i 

1 

Phlll:Doley 

Jno  D.  Le  llountalne 

1 

3 

1 

1 
2 

I--":::::::: 

v//.'.'.'.y.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..... 
i ' 



:::::::::::: 

Jacob  Kuwnlng 

178 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  90.- 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS, 
ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703— Continued. 


ACCORDING    TO    THE 


Males  from 

MASTERS  OF  F.AMaYS.                                               jg  jo  gQ. 

females. 

Male 
Children. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negros. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 

Children. 

female 

Negro 

Children. 

all  above 
60. 

WEST  WARD— continued. 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
4 
2 

4 
2 

2 
2 

1 
1 

2 

1 
1 

4 

2 
3 

1 
2 

1 

John  Swere 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
2 

1 
1 
1 
2 

1 
1 
4 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

4 

1 

2 
1 
2 

1 

1 
2 
2 

' 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 
3 
2 
1 

1 
1 

1 

John  Williams  Romiere 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 

1 

1 
1 

4 
1 

1 

Jacob  Hases 

3 

1 

1 

Alida  Wright 

3 

2 
3 
2 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

2 

Griffin  Jones 

1 
1 
1 

2 
3 

Hendrick-  Johnson 

1 

Eliz:  Waekhara 

.■ 

Thomas  Coburn 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

Richard  Green 

1 
1 

Sergeant  Smith 

1 
2 

2 
2 
3 
1 

1 

2 

1 
2 

Pet.er  Fauonnnier.          

2 

1 
2 

1 
3 

1 

2 

1 

DOCK  WARD, 

1 

1 

Mrs  Mogon 

Zacharie  .^ngcam 

1 

Anthony  Davis 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

John  Pami i ter 

1 

1 
5 
2 

1 

Nicholas  Jamin 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
2 

1 

Widow  Alkfield 

1 
2 
2 
2 

1 
3 

1 
1 

1 

2 

Garret  Dyking 

1 

1 

1 

1 
2 

1 
1 

1 

1 

Catharin  Potter 

1 

3 
2 
1 
0 
1 

i' 

1 

1 
3 

1 

Robert  Lurting '__'" 

1 
1 

2 

Widdow  Taylor 

David  viiiat ;;;; 

David  Logall '.'.'.'.'.'.'.V.'.'. 

2 
1 

2 

1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

2 

Capt  Siines 

Robt.Skelton '.'.'.'.'.'. 

1 

1 
1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

i' 

I 


►Illegible. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


179 


Table  90. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

-NAMES  OF  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACcdRDIXG    TO    THE 
ENUMERATION  MADE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703-Continued. 


liASTER.S  OF  FAMILYS. 

Ualesfrom 
16  to  GO. 

females. 

Male 
Chlldicn. 

female 
ChUOren. 

M>le 
Nagiw. 

female 
Necm. 

Male 

Nwra 
Childno. 

female 
CuKoi. 

aU  above 
00. 

DOCK  WARD— continued. 
Charles  Wooley 

3 

1 
1 
1 

1 

i' 

I 
2 

Garret  \  anhome 

Paul  Drulett '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

1 
1 
3 
1 

1 
3 

1 
2 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

I 

2 
2 

1 
2 
2 
2 

2 

4 

1 
2 

2 

1 

Stephen  D'lancey \\\ .\ .]...[ ." 

Jno  James  Vanveale 

s' 

1 
1 

i' 

1 

Wliliiow  tIaKet 

Hendriok  Vand:Hull 

i' 

i' 

Peter  Ueinoliiis .' 

John  Van  home 

Jacobus  vanc-ourtlandt 

Jaeohws  Decay 

2 

1 
1 
1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 
2 

i' 

01 
2 

1 

3 
2 
4 

oi' 

2 
3 

1 

1 
1 

i' 

Jacob  fen  Eyck 

Abraham  Govemere 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 

i' 

1 

1 

1 

i' 

1 

English  Smith 

1 

Cornelius  Jm-obs 

s 

3 

1 
I 
1 

1 
1 
I 
I 

1 

David  Provost  Junr 

1 

2 

Widdow  Sanders 

3 

1 
4 
4 
3 

1 

2 
1 
2 
2 
2 

1 

1 
1 
2 

1 

2 
3 

1 
1 

3 

1 
3 

1 

1 

s 

3 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

I 

1 

3 

1 
1 
3 

1 
1 

3 
1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

W  illiatn  Chainljers 

1 
1 
1 

Johannes  outraan 

Issac  D  Markeys 

I 
2 

2 

1 

W  Iddow  Lawrence 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

' 

1 

Widdow  Sowalls 

1 

2 
2 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
2 
1 

2 
1 
2 
1 

1 
2 

1 

Bartholomew  Han 

2 

1 

• Overin 

Thomas  Wenham ...  . 

1 
1 
2 
2 
2 

1 
1 
3 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
4 

1 
2 
1 
3 

I 

1 
2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

W  Iddow  D.  Pyster 

2 
1 
2 

1 

1 
2 
0 

John  LorrinE . . 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 

Abraham  V:  D:  waters 

1 

1 

1 
1 
3 
1 

1 

2 
2 

1 

1 

I 
1 
1 
2 

1 

i 

1 
1 

Rugert  \\  aldron 

2 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

i 
1 

1 

John  Ilarperding 

I 

1 

Avert  Klberseye 

1 
2 

1 

1 
2 
2 
2 

2 

4 

» 

Roger  Jones 

1 
1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 

Martin  Coock 

1 
I 

2 

1 

2 
1 

3 
2 
1 

6 

1 
I 

Lawrence  \*anhock 

1 

1 

1 

Evert  Van  1).  watr 

William  Kchclos 

Edward  Marshall 

1 
1 

1 

1 
2 
2 

4 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
3 
2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
0 

1 
1 

1 

3 

i 

1 

1 

3 

1 

a 

3 

1 

2 

r 

2 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

i 

2 

1 

1 

Anthony  HutRers 

John  Whltt 

2' 

1 

>IUeglble. 


180 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

T.BLE  90  -NAME§  OP  MASTERS  OF  FAMILIES  IN  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  BY  WARDS,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

ENUMERATION  M-\DE  ABOUT  THE  YEAR  1703— Continued. 


Males  from 

M.VSTERS  OF  FAMILVS.                                              16  tO  60. 

females. 

Male 
Children. 

female 
Children. 

Male 
Negros. 

female 
Negros. 

Male 

Negro 

Children. 

female 

Negro 

Children. 

all  above 
60. 

DOCK  WARD— continued. 

Mr  Legrand 

Nicholiis  Materbe 

1 
1 

i' 

3 

4' 

• 

2' 

i' 

i 

Sanill  Leverldg 

William  White  Junr 

Mary  W  akhain 

2 

2 
■J 
1 

2 

1 

1 
1 

1 
4 

1 

i' 

John  Stephens 

Richd  C,  reen 

i 

3 

I 

1 
2 

3 

• n  Vurickbookhouse 

* rence  Vessells 

♦ ahara  Lawkerman 

Everdas  Bopardus 

2 

1 

2 

3 
3 

1 

2 

i' 

1 
i' 

1 

i' 

William  Riclcley 

Jannet  ie  Van  briekelen 

2 

1 
2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

i' 

2 

Gabrll  Thiebod 

Mrs.  Mashett 

1 
2 

2 
2 

1 
4 

2 

Johannes  Burger 

i 

2 
2 
1 

1 

1 
1 
3 

1 
5 

2 

1 

2 

1 
2 

1 

2 

1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
2 
2 
2 

1 
2 

1 
2 
1 
1 
4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 
'3 
2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

3 
2 

4 
3 
1 
1 
2 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

i 
1 

1 
1 

2 

1 
1 

Will  Da 

1 
2 
2 
2 
3 

4 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

*        Gracktin 

1 
2 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

I 
1 

1 
1 

6 
1 
2 

2 

1 
1 

1 

4 
1 
2 

1 

Capt  Sidinon 

2 

2 

1 

2 
1 

0 

1 

1 

WasPs  Ppterson  . 

2 
2 
1 

2 
1 
2 
1 
2 

Solomon  Widdow 

0 

1 

Thomas  Sekls 

John  Clapp 

2 
3 

2 

1 
1 

Abraham  Holt 

6 

1 

1 

Capt  Lock 

1 

Hendrick  Van  Scoyock 

2 

3 

1 

1 

Philip  Minthome 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

* eabor 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
2 
1 
1 

5 
2 

1 
1 

* noute 

1 
2 

1 

2 

Walter  Lamas 

1 

David  Mlnvel 

1 
2 
2 
1 

2 

1 

1 
2 
1 

1 

1 
1 

*- — ^lin  Pierson 

4 
1 

2 

1 

•  Illegible. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


181 


NEW   YORK— Continued. 

Table  91.-WHITE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OK  NKW  YORK,  L\  CERTAIN  AGE  GROUPS,  BY  SEX.  ACCORDING  TO 

TUE  PARTIAL  CENSUS  OE  1712.' 

[The  returns  of  this  census  are  Imperfect,  '' 'hoP«oP!?.betog  deterred  by  a  simple  .uperstltlon.  and  observation  that  slclcnca  toUowed  upon  the  last  numbering  of  the 

people.   >    1  he  results  here  given  are  compiled  from  the  orlglmil  returns.  »|  "»  »•  u«j 


wnrtES. 

auvn. 

Total. 

COf.NTIES. 

Males 
under  16. 

Males  be- 
tween 10 
and  00. 

Males 
over  Ml. 

Females 
under  lu. 

Females 
lOtoUO. 

Females 
over  tio. 

Males 

inidiT  Iti. 

Males 
over  10. 

Females 
undTT  10. 

Female-i 
over  |i.. 

Albany  * 

753 
120 

688 
89 

54 
11 

651 

98 

076 
97 

4'J 

1 

155 
12 

DlltllKSS  < 

6 

4 

122 
7 

3,329 

KlHKs! 

445 
1.925 
5.841 

New  ^  ork 

1,197 
105 

1,062 
98 

GO 

4 

1,182 
82 

1,208 
91 

97 
S 

155 
9 

821 
21 

179 
11 

Richmond 

438 
1.279 
4.413 

Suffolk 

Ulster  < 

1,092 
450 
072 

929 
424 
500 

114 
44 
75 

1,044 

427 
577 

926 
4(10 
539 

04 
30 
02 

20 
68 
72 

110 
148 
127 

32 
T9 

m 

70 
78 
72 

2,l>18 

Total 

4,389 

3,S50 

362 

4,061 

4,003 

314 

434 

900 

410 

681 

1 

22,008 

1  Census  of  th'*  State  of  New- York,  1855,  page  5. 
'  Colonial  History  of  New- York,  Vol.  V,  page  339 


"  New- York  Colonial  MSS..  Vol.  LVII,  Sccre(ar)-'s  olllcc. 
'  Ucturns  jiot  recvifod  until  1714. 


T.-^BLE  92.— WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OE  NEW  YORK,  DISTINGUISHED  AS  CHILDREN 

AND  ADULTS,  BY  SEX:  1723.' 


ILond.  Doc.  X.XII.l 


wmiE. 

KEGROES  AND  OTTIEB  SUIVES. 

KAME  OF  THE  COUSTV. 

Men. 

Women. 

Male 
Children. 

Female 
Children. 

Totall  of 
White 
Persons. 

Men. 

Women. 

Male 
Children. 

Fii 

Cbil.; 

'  fif 
i 
■  r 
Sluves. 

Totall  of 
Tenons. 

1,460 

335 

490 

1,508 

1,441 

1,050 
309 
276 
642 

1,512 

1,726 

320 

476 

1,599 

1,348 

951 
245 
237 
453 
1,408 

1,352 

305 

414 

1,530 

l,.'i21 

1,048 
304 
259 
503 

1,404 

1,348 

291 

394 

1,371 

1,150 

912 
239 
208 
089 
1,369 

.%880 
1,251 
1,774 
0,008 
5,206 

3,%1 
1,(»7 
1,040 
2,357 
5,093 

408 
101 
171 
393 
357 

155 
45 
22 
227 
307 

476 
03 
123 
294 
307 

118 
29 
14 
120 
200 

220 
49 
83 
228 
197 

92 
42 
2 
119 
146 

258 
42 
07 

208 
54 

83 
31 
5 
94 

155 

1,302 
255 
444 

1,123 
975 

448 
147 
43 

650 
808 

7,248 
1  ^M 

2,218 
7,191 

Suffolk 

0,241 

West  Chester ; 

4,409 

1,244 

l.OSi 

Ulster                                

2,923 

0,501 

Totall 

9,083 

8,763 

8,500 

8,047 

34,393 

2,186 

1,810 

1,178 

997 

6,in 

40,564 

1  New  York  Documentary  History,  page  471. 

Table  93.— ^L\LE  AND  FEMALE  POPULATION  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  NEW  Y'ORK,  ABOVE  AND  UNDER  10  Y'EAR.'^  OF 

AGE,  BY  COLOR,  FOR  CITIES  AND  COUNTIES,  NOVEMBER  2,  1731.' 

[MS.  in  S<!e's  Off.] 


aiVS  AND  COins'TIES. 


City  and  Coimty  of  New  York. 

City  A  Counly  bf  .\lbany 

Queens  County 

Sulfolk  Counly 

West  Chester  County 


Ulster  County 

Kinns  Coimty 

Oraniif^  County 

Kiohmond  Coimty. 
Dutchess  County... 


Total. 


Ilenry  Beekraan 

Gosen  Viin  Schick 

Thos  Hicks 

David  Corey  715  Indians.. 
Gilbert  Willet 


John  Wyncoop 

Domini  Van  Der  Veer.. 

William  I'ullen 

Charles  darritson 

William  Squire 


Whites 

males 

above  10 

years  old. 


2,628 
2,<81 
2,239 
2,144 
1,879 

990 
029 
027 
423 
570 


>I4,6I0 
11,529 
10,243 
6,673 


143,065 


Whites  Whites  Whites 
females  males  '  females 
above  la  under  10.  imder  10. 


•  New  York  Documenlar>'  Ilistorj-,  page  471. 


2,250 
1,255 
2,175 
1,130 
1,701 

914 
518 
534 
571 
481 


blacks 

males 

above 

ten. 


blacks 

females 

al>o\'e 

ten. 


1,143 
2,352 
1,178 
2,845 
1,054 

577 
2'?3 
325 
203 
203 


11,529         10,243 


Whites. 


1,024 

1,212 

1,139 

955 

707 

515 
208 
299 
256 
298 


508 
476 
239 
20B 

321 
205 

85 
111 

S9 


2,932 


607 

185 

363 

83 

90 

196 
140 
47 
98 
32 


1,853 


Blacks 

males 

under  10. 


346 
220 
190 


124 
OS 
19 
51 
13 


*  Corrected  figures. 


Blacks 
females 
under la 


185 
174 
199 
83 
151 


1,044 
1,402 
1,853 
2,933 


7,231 


The 
amount 
Ineai'h 
counly. 


8,023 
8.573 
7.995 
7,075 
0,033 

3,728 
2,150 
1.909 
1,817 
«1,724 


•SO,  280 


IllK'kS. 


76292—09- 


-13 


182 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  YORK— Contir.i^ed. 

Table  94  -A  LIST  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS,  BOTH  WHITES  AND  BLACKS  OF  EACH  SPECIES,  WITHIN  THE 
PitoVM  OF  NEW  YORK,  ABOVE  AND  UNDER  THE  AGE  OF  TEN  YEARS,  TAKEN  IN  THE  YEAR  1737.' 

[Lond.  Doc.  XXVI.] 


New  York... 

Albany 

West  Chester 

Orange 

Ulster 

Dutchess 

Richmond . . . 

Kings 

Queens 

SuOolk 

Total. . 


White 

Males 

above  10 

years. 


3.253 
3, 209 
2.110 
860 
1,175 

940 

488 

054 

2,407 

2.297 


17, 393 


White 
Females 
above  10 

years. 


3,568 
2,995 
1,890 
753 
1,681 

860 

497 

631 

2.290 

2,353 


17, 518 


White 

Males 

under  10 

years. 


1,088 

1,463 

950 

501 

541 

710 

289 

235 

1,395 

1,175 


8,347 


White 
Females 
under  10 

years. 


1,036 

1,384 

944 

433 

601 

646 

266 

264 

1,656 

1,008 


Black 

Males 

above  10 

years. 


674 
714 
304 
125 
378 

101 
132 
210 
400 
393 


8,238  I 


3, 651 


Black 
Females 
above  10 

years. 


609 
496 
254 
95 
260 

42 

112 
169 
370 
307 


2,714 


Black 

Males 

under  10 

years. 


229 
223 
153 

38 
124 

37 

52 

84 

254 

203 


1,397 


Black 
Females 
under  10 

years. 


207 
197 
140 
35 
110 

22 
53 
101 
227 
187 


1,279 


Total  of 

each 
county. 


60, 437 


Total  in 
1731. 


Since  in- 
creased. 


2,042 

2,108 

712 

871 

1,142 

2 1.094 

72 

198 

1,064 

248 


s  50, 286         no,  151 


I  New  York  Documentary  History,  page  472. 


'  Corrected  figures. 


Table  9o.-AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  NEW  YORK,  TAKEN  4  JUNE,  1746. 

BY  ORDER  OF  HIS  EXCELLENCY  GOVERNOUR  CLINTON.' 


[London  Doc. 

XXVIII.] 

ClTrES  AND  COUNTIES, 

Males 

white 

under  16. 

Males 

white  16 

&  under 

60. 

Males 

white 

above  60. 

Females 

white 
under  16. 

Females 
white  16 
and  up- 
wards. 

Males 

black 

under  60. 

Males 

black  16 

&  under 

60. 

Males 

black 

above  60. 

Females 

black 
under  16. 

Females 
black 

16  &  up- 
wards. 

Total 
number. 

City  A  Co.  of  N.Y 

2,117 
350 

2,097 
435 

149 
71 

2,013 
366 

2,897 
464 

419 
140 

645 
167 

76 
32 

735 
154 

569 
152 

=11,717 
2,331 

1,946 
2,200 

1,887 

445 

536 

2,435 

1,022 

1,826 
2,056 

1,835 

376 

763 

2,090 

1,044 

233 
200 

226 
35 
67 
303 
116 

2,077 
2,100 

1,891 
421 
871 

2,095 
972 

1,914 
1,750 

2,016 

414 

721 

1,640 

1,000 

365 
106 

329 

92 

82 

187 

244 

466 
160 

393 
88 
99 
180 
331 

61 
26 

52 
13 
34 
27 
43 

391 
108 

315 
95 
51 
138 
229 

361 
100 

310 

94 

44 

140 

264 

9.640 

8,806 

9,254 

2,073 

3,268 

9,235 

5,265 

Total                   

12,938 

12,522 

1,400 

12,806 

12,816 

1,964 

2,529 

364 

2,216 

2,034 

61,589 

Total  white  =52,482. 

'  New  York  Documentar>'  History,  O'Callaghan,  pape  472. 


sCorrected  iigures. 


3  Not  possible  to  be  numbered  on  account  of  the  enemy. 


Table  96.— AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  INHABITANTS  IN  THE  PROVINCE  OF  NEW  Y'ORK,  TAKEN  lOTH  MAY, 
1749,  BY  ORDER  OF  HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  HONOURABLE  GOVERNOUR  CLINTON.' 

[Lond.  Doc,  XXIX.] 


CITIES  AND  COUNTIES. 


City  &  Co.  ofN.  Y.. 

King's  county 

Albany  county 

Queens  county 

Dutchess  county  — 

Suflolk  county 

Richmond  county.. 

Orange  coimty 

Westchester  county 
Ulster  county 


Males 
white 
under 
16  y'rs. 


2,346 
288 
2,249 
1,630 
1,970 

2,058 

431 

1,061 

2,511 

913 


Males 

white 

16  & 

under  60. 


2,765 
437 
2,359 
1,508 
1,820 

1,863 
420 
856 

2,312 
992 


Males 

white 

above  60. 


183 
62 
322 
151 
160 

248 
36 
66 
228 
110 


Fem'ls 

white 

under  16. 


2,364 
322 
2,137 
1,550 
1,790 

1,960 
424 
992 

2,263 
810 


Fem'ls 

white 

16  & 

upwards. 


3,268 
391 
2,087 
1,778 
1,751 

1,969 
434 
899 

2,233 
979 


Total  number  of  whites. 


Total 
white. 


10,926 
1,500 
9,154 
6,617 
7,491 

8,098 
1,745 
3,874 
9,547 
3,804 


02,  756 


Males 

black 

under  16. 


460 
232 
309 
300 
103 

305 
88 
62 
303 
217 


Males 

black 

16  & 

under  60. 


610 
244 
424 
386 
155 

3,55 
110 
95 
270 
301 


Males 

black 

60  & 

upwards. 


Fem'ls 

black 

under  16. 


556 
137 
334 
245 
63 

292 
93 
84 
238 
198 


Fem'ls 

black 

16  & 

upwards. 


Total  number  of  blacks.. 


701 
149 
365 
349 
.    79 

293 
98 
103 
279 
240 


Total 
black. 


2,368 
783 

1,480 

n,323 

421 

1,286 

409 

300 

l.LiO 

1,006 


210,592 


Total  number  of  Inhabitants,  white  and  black, '  73,348. 

'New  York  Documentary  History,  O'Callaghan,  page  473. 


G.  CLINTON. 


2  Corrected  figures. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


183 


NEW  YORK-Coulinuoil. 
Table  97.-GENERAL  LIST  OF  INHABITANTS  IN  THE  PROVIXfE  OF  NEW  YORK,  EXTRACTED  FROM  THE  RETURNS 
OF    TLiE   SHlililFFS   OF   TUK   SEVERAL  ( OUNTIES,  IN    PURSUANCE   OF   WARRANTS  To    I'UEM     DATED   lOTU 
FEBRUARY,  175G.' 


CITIES  AND  COUNTIES. 


City  and  County  of  New  York 

City  and  County  of  Albany 

Ulster  County.  ..i 

Dutcbcss  County 

Orange  County 

Westchester  County 

Kings  Count y 

Queens  County .* 

Sulfolk  Conn ty , 

Richmond  County , 


Males 
under  IG. 


2,200 
3,474 
l.iiSS 
3,910 
1,213 

3,153 

417 

1,90) 

2,283 

344 


Hales 

above  Iti 

6i  under 

(X). 


2,308 
3,795 
1,G87 
2,873 
1,088 

2,908 

407 

2,147 

2,141 

411 


Males 

GO  and 
upwards. 


174 

45U 

ISO 

203 

74 

1,039 
84 
253 
221 
107 


Females 
under  lii. 


2,358 
3,234 
1,489 
3,530 
1,083 

2,440 

358 

1,892 

2,2l-.5 

334 


Females 
above  Itj. 


3,607 
3,846 
1,618 
2,782 
998 

2,379 

536 

2,365 

2,335 

471 


Total. 


10,768 
14,806 
6,605 
113,298 
•4,150 

11,919 
1,862 
8,617 
9,245 
1,667 


Males 
under  16. 


468 
658 
328 
211 
103 

296 
212 
581 
278 
145 


Males 

aliove  16 

&  under 

60. 


604 

780 
437 
270 
116 

418 
214 
563 
297 
92 


^'^^^    ,  Female.     Femal« 
upwuds.  ■indcrlO.  abovel6.l 


443 

496 
336 
163 

n 

267 
201 
50O 
IM 
97 


401 

aoo 

102 
M 

aw 

197 
470 
236 
101 


TolJ. 


•2,278 

•2, 419 

1,500 

8» 

430 

1.338 

M4A 

2,1)« 

1,046 

406 


Olacka,  113,348. 


Whites,  •83,242. 

Total.  •9it,Sea 
'  New  York  Documcntarj'  History,  O'Callaghan,  page  473.  'Corrected  Ogures. 

Table  98.-LIST  OF  INHABITANTS  IN  THE  SEVERAL  COUNTIES  IN  THE  PROVINCE  OF  NEW  YORK,  TAKEN  IN  THE 

YEAR  1771.' 


NAMES  OF  Tire  SEVERAL 
COCNIIES. 


City  &  Co.  of  New  York 

Albany 

lister 

Dutchess 

Orange 

Westchester 

Kings 

Queens 

Bullolk 

Richmond 

Cumb*?rland 

Gloucester 

Totals 


Males 
under  10. 


3,720 
9,740 
2,835 
5,721 

2,651 

3,813 

548 

1,253 

2,731 
616 

1,071 
178 


•34,877 


Males 

above  10 

Si  under 

60. 


5.083 
9,822 
3,02;i 
4,687 

2,297 

5,204 

644 

2,083 

2,834 
438 

1,002 
186 


37,302 


Males 

60  and 

upwards. 


280 

1,136 

202 

384 

107 

549 

70 

950 

347 

96 

59 

8 


4,314 


Females 
under  16. 


3,779 
9,086 
2,601 
5,413 

2,191 

3,483 

513 

2,126 

2,658 
508 
941 
193 


Females 
above  16. 


5,864 
9,045 
3,275 
4,839 

2,124 

5,200 

080 

2,332 

3,106 
595 
862 
151 


33,492  I      38,139 


Total  of 
whites  lo 

each 
county. 


18,726 
38,829 
11,996 
21,044 

9.430 
18,  .115 
2,401 
8,744 

11,676 

2,253 

3,935 

715 


148, 124 


Males 
under  16. 


568 
876 
618 
299 

162 
793 
297 
374 

350 
177 


4,416 


Males 
above  16, 
and  un- 
der CO. 


1,100 
510 
417 

184 
910 
287 
511 


152 
6 
4 


6,372 


Males 

OOand 

upwards. 


42 
250 
57 
34 

22 

t* 

22 

271 

59 

22 

1 


848 


Females  i  Females 
under  16.  j  above  16. 


Total  of 
blacks  In 

each 
county. 


552 
671 
422 
2)S 


120 

174 

770 

887  1 

».l 

2ft5 

640 

634 

320 

334 

100 

137 

1 

2 

3 

•4.060 

6,197 

3,137 
3,877 
1,964 
1,300 

662 

'.1.440 

i,l(i2 

2,230 

1,462 

694 

•10 

•9 


•19.803 


Total  of 

whites 

and 
blacks. 


21,863 
42,700 
13,960 
22,404 

10.092 

'21. 7.15 

3.023 

10.980 

13.128 

2.847 

'3. 945 

•724 

•168,017 


WM  TYRON. 

Estimated  amount  of  popvlation  in  1774- 

ILond.  Doc.  .XLIV.] 

Whites 161.008 

Blacks 21,149 

Total  estimated  Population  In  1774 182. 247 

>  New  York  Documentary  History.  O'Callaghan.  page  474.  « Corrected  figures. 

Table  99.— WHITE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION,  AND  INDIANS  TAXED,  IN  NEW  YORK,  IN  CERTAIN  AGE  GROUPS, 

BY  SEX:  1786.' 


Albany 

Dutchess 

Kings 

Montgomery. 


New  York . 

Orange 

Queens 

Richmond. 


Bullolk 

Ulster 

I     Washington. 
Westchester. 


Total. 


Males 

under  16 

years. 


17.703 

8.209 

642 

3,564 

4,360 

3.382 

2,441 

616 

2,917 
4,971 
1.130 
4.972 


Males 
above  16 
and  under 
GO  years. 


15.860 

6,973 

776 

3,487 

6,742 

3,182 

2,717 

622 

3,141 
4,792 
1,162 
4,477 


I 

Males      ,  Females 

above  60  luder  16 

years.  years. 


1,364 
628 


342 


247 

295 

43 

334 
464 

68 
491 


16.A44 

7,700 

619 

3,844 


540 

2.700 
4.381 
l.llS 
4,641. 


Females 

aliove  16 

years. 


64,807  I 


52.927  I 


4.731 


61,766 


16,093 

7,481 

76« 

3,416 

.:    li'  I 
OS* 

3.R33 

4.^..'. 


Male 
negroes. 


2,835 
830 
606 
217 

896 

442 

I.IXI 

309 

yi7 

1 .  .^•.1 


Female 
negroes. 


2,366 
816 
622 
188 

1 ,  -1 17 

r. ' 
l.ic. 

324 

601 

1.309 

7 

601 


Indlani 
who  pay 


66,766 


9,621 


9.308 


Total. 


73,380 

Si,638 

3,988 

16,067 

23,614 
14,083 
13.084 
3.162 

13.793 

:•:  1 1.1 


238.897 


1  Census  of  the  State  of  New  York.  1865. 


184 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Table  100  -AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  NEW  JERSEY,  DISTINGUISHING  THEIR  AGE, 

SEX,  AND  COLOUR,  TAKEN  IN  THE  YEAR  1726.' 

[From  P.  R.  O.  B.  T.  New  Jersey,  Vol.  Ill,  E  32,  and  N.  Y.  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  V,  page  819.1 


WHITES. 

NEGROES. 

Total  of 
both. 

NAMES  OF  COUNTYS. 

Males 
above  16. 

Females 
above  16. 

Males 
under  16. 

Females 
under  16. 

Total  ol 
whites. 

Males 
above  16. 

Females 
above  16. 

Males 
under  16. 

Females 
under  16. 

Total  of 
negroes. 

953 
992 
1,234 
582 
509 

1,080 
892 
008 

1,060 
209 

878 

1,021 

1,061 

502 

509 

983 
743 
462 
861 
156 

1,016 
983 

1,095 
403 
556 

965 
851 
526 
1,015 
148 

859 
926 
1,056 
405 
547 

844 
750 
529 
891 
141 

3,706 
3,922 
4,446 
1,892 
2,181 

3,872 
3,236 
2,125 
3,827 
654 

90 
92 
170 
126 
173 

86 
43 
32 
52 
8 

73 
78 
90 
96 
121 

63 
45 
21 
38 
5 

73 
70 

88 
87 
100 

53 
32 
24 
35 

1 

67 
68 
85 
70 
98 

65 
21 
27 
25 

303 
308 
433 
379 
492 

257 
141 
104 
150 
14 

4,009 

4,230 

4,879 

2,271 

2,673 

4,129 

3,377 

22,229 

3,977 

Cape  May 

668 

8,179 

7,176 

7,558 

6,948 

29,861 

872 

630 

563 

616 

2,581 

32,442 

Sent  to  the  Lords  of  Trade  by  Gov.  Burnet  May  9th,  1727.    "I  now  send  Your  Lordships  an  account  of  all  the  Inhabitants  of  New  Jersey,  as  they  were  taken  by  the 
Sherids  of  the  severall  Countys.     They  are  about  three-quarters  of  the  Inhabitants  of  New  York."— Ed. 

1  New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  V,  page  164.  '  Corrected  figures. 

Table  101.— WHITE  AND  SLAVE  POPULATION  OF  NEW  JERSEY,  ABOVE  AND  UNDER  16  YEARS  OF  AGE,  BY  SEX:  1737-38. 


WHITES. 

NEGROES  <t  OTHER  SLAVES. 

Total  of 
Both  in 

each 
county. 

COUNTIES. 

Males 
above  16. 

Females 
above  16. 

Males 
under  16. 

Fe  males 
under  16. 

Total  of 
Whites. 

Males 
above  16. 

Females 
above  16. 

Males 
under  16. 

Females 
under  16. 

Total  of 
Slaves. 

Middlesex                                      

1,134 

1,118 

939 

967 

1,508 

1,487 
930 

1,069 
261 

1,618 

1,085 

1,720 

822 

940 

1,339 

1,222 
757 

1.391 
219 

1,230 

1,086 

1,619 

820 

999 

1,289 

1,190 
782 

1,313 
271 

1,270 

950 

1,494 

708 

867 

1,295 

996 
676 

1.327 
211 

1,170 

4.261 
2  5,9.51 
3,289 
3,773 
5,431 

4,895 
3,145 
6,700 
962 
5,288 

181 
114 
256 
255 
233 

134 
42 
57 
12 
75 

124 
114 
203 
175 
152 

87 
24 
56 
10 
53 

91 
84 
187 
170 
129 

58 
32 
40 
9 
49 

107 
63 
160 
132 
141 

64 
24 
31 

11 

42 

603 
375 
806 
732 
655 

343 

122 

184 

42 

219 

4. 764 

2  6, 326 

4,095 

4,505 

6,086 

5,238 

3,267 

5,884 

1.004 

5,507 

Total                

211,631 

10,725 

10,639 

9,700 

2  42,695 

1,359 

998 

849 

775 

3,981 

2  46, 676 

'  New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  VI,  page  244. 


2  Corrected  figures. 


Table  102.~POPULATION  OF  NEW  JERSEY  IN  1737-38  AND  IN  1745.i 


(From  P.  R.  O.  B.  T.,  New  Jersey,  Vol.  V,  F.  77.] 


TTie  Number  of  People  in  the  Western  Division  of  the  Province  of  New  Jersey  taken  by  order  of  His  Excellency  Lewis 
Morris  Esq'r  Captain  General  &  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Province  of  New  Jersey  &c.  in  the  Year  of  our 
Lord  1745. 


% 


Morris 

Hunterdon.. 
Burlington.. 
Gloucester. . 

Salem 

Cape  May... 

Total. 


Males 

above  16 

Years. 


1,109 
2,302 
1,786 

913 
1,710 

306 


8,132 


Males 

under  16 

Years. 


1,190 
2,182 
1,528 

786 
1,746 

284 


7,716 


Females 

above  16 

Years. 


957 
2,117 
1, 005 

797 
1, 603 

272 


2  7, 351 


Females 

under  16 

Years. 


1,087 
2.090 
1,454 

808 
1,595 

274 


7,308 


Quakers  or 
Reputed 
Quakers. 


22 

240 

3,237 

1,436 

1,090 

54 


6,079 


Males. 


67 
244 
233 
121 
90 
30 


775 


Females. 


36 

216 
197 
81 
97 
22 


649 


Whole 
Nimiber  of 
Inhabi- 
tants. 


4,436 
9,151 
6.SU3 
3,506 
6,847 
1.188 


Increase 

since 
1737-8. 


8,080 

1,.565 
239 
963 
184 


2  31,931 


11,031 


Decrease 
since 
1737-8. 


The  Number  of  People  in  the  Eastern  Division  of  the  Province  of  New  Jersey  taken  per  order  as  on  preceding  table. 


Bergen 

721 

1,094 

1.728 

2,071 

740 

494 
1,652 
1,651 
1,975 

765 

590 
1,649 
1,659 
1,783 

672 

585 
1,548 
1.695 
1,899 

719 

379 
244 
483 
613 
194 

237 
201 
396 
386 
149 

3, 006 
'.            6. 988 
7,012 
8,627 
3,239 

1,089 
31 

Essex 

35 

400 

3,131 

91 

Middlesex 

2,848 
2,541 

Somersett 

Total 

6,964 

6,537 

6,353 

6,446 

2  3,667 

1.813 

1.369 

i          29,472 

6,389 

1.120 

Total  in  both  Divisions 

15,086 

14,263 

2  13,704 

13,754 

2  9, 736 

2,588 

2,018 

2  61,403 

16, 420 

>  New  Jersey  Archives,  Vol.  VI,  pages  242,  243. 


2  Corrected  figures. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


185 


MARYLAND. 

Table  103.-AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  NUMBER  OP  SOULS  IX  THE  PROVINCE  OF  MARYLAND,  IN  THE  YEAR  1755.' 


NAME  or  THE  COUNTY. 


TAXABLE  PERSONS  16  YEAHS  OF  AOE. 


Whites. 


Mulaltoes. 


Free. 


Servants. 


Men.  I 
I  hired  '  Men, 
Men.  I  or  In-     con- 
dent-    vlcts, 


Baltimore i  2,630 

Ann  ArundeU I  1,534 

Calvert i  609 

Prince  George 1,515 

Frederick 2,775 

Charles I  1,929 


St.  Mary's. 
Worcester. 
Somerset.. 
Dorset 


Talbot 

Queen  .\nne's. 

Kent 

CecU 


Total. 


561 
1,768 
1,343 
1,950 

1,223 
1,745 
1,454 
1,345 


S95 
438 
124 
255 
216 

173 
194 
45 
31 
172 

294 
284 
365 
390 


472 
184 


73 
94 

205 

29 

1 

1 

7 

25 

287 

82 

47 


Free. 


Hen. 


Wom- 


23,386  I  3,576    1,507 


Slaves. 


Men. 


Wom- 


72 

33 

7 

120 


Blacks. 


Free. 


Men. 


119 


Wom- 
en. 


69 


Slaves. 


rasaoMS  NOT  taxablk. 


Whlta. 


MoIatfaMi. 


Blacks. 


Free. 


Hen. 


1,144 
1,472 

SSO 
1,278 

437 

1,196 
822 
401 
637 
624 

647 
643 
«9I 


Wonj- 


1,060 
519 
151 
314 

950 

761 
359 
571 
514 

595 

672 
523 
216 


10,828     >7,938 


Clergy. 


Men, 
poor. 


Wom- 
en. 


2,687 
1,539 
639 
1,680 
2,213 

1,777 
1,806 
1,964 
I,4'i6 
2,097 

1,296 
1,843 
1,448 
1,186 


Servants, 
women. 


Hired 

or  In-    Con' 

dent-    vlcts. 

ed. 


200 
93 
61 
5S 

163 

106 
164 
37 
37 
126 

160 
190 
181 
282 


35      637  |23,521 


Past  labor  or    Past  labor  or 
cripples.  cripples. 


Ftee. 


8 

4 

10 

73 

a 

12 

A 

8 

Slaves. 


Fraa. 


Staves. 


47 
39 


32 
49 
44 
37 
44 

30 
32 
U 
13 


386 


99        58  I 


596 


N.VME  or  THE  COUNTY. 


PERSONS  UNDER   16  1-EARS  OP  AGE. 


Whites. 


Free. 


Baltimore 

Ann  .\rundell 

Calvert 

Prince  George 
Frederick 

Charles 

St.  Mary's 

Worcester 

Somerset 

Dorset 

Talbot 

Queen  Anne's 

Kent 

CecU 

Total . . . 


Servants  .      ,„„„ 

hired,  or  in-        »<"  v-uits, 


dented. 


Boys.  I  Girls.    Boys.    Oh-ls. 


3,115 
1,913 
861 
1,840 
3,246 

1,681 
1,845 
2,067 
1,330 
2,347 

1,322 
2,037 
1,527 
1,506 


2,951 
1,705 
745 
1,674 
3,105 

1,799 
1,764 
2,083 
1.232 

2,222 

1,197 
1,864 
1,423 
1,372 


126 
82 
48 
33 
80 

228 
29 
28 
12 
54 

57 
82 
134 
55 


26,637  {25,136  I  1,048 


convicts. 


Boys.    Gills. 


67 


Mulattoes. 


Blacks. 


Free. 


Slaves. 


Slaves. 


Boys.    Girts.    Boys.    Girls.    Boys.    Oirls.  tBoys.  I  Girls. 


I 


23 
17  ' 
55  : 

19  , 


81 
58 
20 
108 


959 
1,314 

671 
1,340 

465 

1,145 
862 
SGI 

875 
666 

579 
621 
650 
275 


1,041 
1,321 

64.'; 
1,239 

473 

1,197 
839 
511 
891 
681 

657 
603 
M3 

252 


AOOREGATE. 


Whiles. 


12,886 
7,648 
3.137 
7.210 

12,036 

8,095 
7.501 
8.0>',4 
5.  S0\ 
9,041 

5.623 
8,461 
6,743 
6.247 


Mulat- 
toes. 


312 
210 
146 
302 
152 

428 

366 
15« 

159 
164 

382 
282 
116 


Blacks. 


TotaL 


4.040 
5.2112 
2.432 
4.  KM  ' 
1,7S1  I 

4.533  I 

3,3X7  !■ 
1,90.5 
3,(tH 
2.548 


17,238 
13. 1.10 
.I.TIS 
ll.r.ie 
13,9A9 

1.1. 056 
11.2,M 
10.125 
X.ftS2 
11,753 


2,528  8,533 

2,487  11.240 

2,584  i        9,443 

1,0.11  7,731 


10,983  :11.003  i|108,193  j     3,608  i  41,704  li  153,505 


'  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Vol.  XXXIV,  page  261. 


>  Corrected  flguies. 


GENERAL  TABLES 

DERIVED   FROM   THE   FIRST  AND 

SUBSEQUENT    CENSUSES 

1790-1900 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


188 

Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  ATTHE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790. 

MAINE. 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Cumberland  county. 


Bakerstown  plantation 

Bridcton 

Brunswick 

Bucklown  plantation 

Butterficld  plantation 

Cape  Elizabeth 

Durham 

Falmouth 

Flintiitott-n  plantation 

Freeport ■  ■ 

Gorham  and  Scarborough 

Gray 

Ilarpswell 

New  Gloucester 

North  Yarmouth 

Otisfield  plantation 

Plantation  No.  4 

Portland 

Raymondtown  plantation 

R u'sfield  gore ■ 

Scarborough  (see  Gorham  and  Scar- 
boroU(^h). 

ShcpardsBeld  plantation 

Standish 

Turner 

Waterford  plantation 

Windham 


Total. 


25,530 


WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Hancock  county. 


Barret  tstovrn. 

Belfast 

Bluehill 

Camden 

Canaan . 


1,270 
329 

1,387 
453 
189 

1,356 
722 

2,995 
190 

1,327 

4,476 
577 

1,071 

1.358 

1,923 
197 
344 

2,239 
345 
102 


528 
705 
349 
160 
938 

9,542 


Conduskeeg  plantation 

1  >cer  Isle 

Ducklrap 

Eastern  River  township  No.  2 

Eddy  township 

Frankfort 

Gouldsl>orough 

IsleboroLigh 

Mount  nesert 

Orphan  Island 

Orrinijton 

Penobscot 

Sedgwick 

Small  islands  not  belonging  to  any 

town 

Sullivan 

Trenton  (including  township  No.  1, 

east  side  of  Union  river) 

Tomiship  No.  1  (Bucks) 

Township  No.  6  (west  side  of  Union 

rivers 

Vinalhaven 


Lincoln  county. 


173 
245 
274 
331 
132 
567 
683 
278 
240 
110 
891 
267 
382 
744 
124 
477 
1,010 
569 

66 
504 

312 
316 

239 

678 

29,733 


Balltown 

Bath 

Boothbay 

Bow'doin 

Bowdoinham 

Bristol 

Canaan 

Carratnnk 

Carrs  plantation,  or  Unity 

Cbestcr  plantation 

Gushing 

Ed  L^t'cornb 

Fairneld 

Gpon:olown 

('•Tfat  Pond  plantation 

Grectie 

Ilallowell 

1 1  uncock 

Hunts  Meadow 

Jones  plantation 

Lewistown  and  gore  adjoining. 

J.ittic  liiver 

i ,i1  tlol lorotigh  plantation 

I,iv<'rriiore,  east  side  of  .\ndroscoggin 

rivt^r 

Meduncook 

New  ("astle 


Males. 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


Under 

10 
years. 


6,208    6,624 


12,519 


289 

100 

355 

96 

49 

341 

161 

648 

64 

333 

1,108 

148 

253 

320 

464 

50 

89 

5<U 

81 


126 
181 


55 

228 


2,435 


61 
64 
69 
93 
34 
145 
175 
78 
.")9 
19 
235 
78 
90 
191 
33 
114 
248 
144 

19 

126 

75 
85 

69 
131 

7,668 


228 

233 

247 

235 

109 

115 

99 

31 

32 

24 

256 

182 

122 

342 

43 

101 

330 

83 

15 

62 

127 

17 

71 

15 
89 
226 


370 
81 
332 

140 

65 

324 

215 

815 

48 

342 

1,134 

139 

268 

338 

488 

46 

101 

537 

92 

30 


140 
182 
104 
32 
265 

2,529 


Fe- 
males. 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


44 

55 

79 

85 

39 

170 

182 

82 

03 

32 

235 

64 

114 

207 

31 

128 

248 

isr, 

17 
123 

92 
81 

49 
154 

7,679 


611 

147 

662 

211 

85 

683 

343 

1.504 

88 

650 

2,187 

290 

539 

694 

957 

95 

154 

1,122 

170 

50 


261 
341 
158 
73 
444 

4,640 


251 

259 

248 

261 

127 

143 

132 

35 

33 

19 

235 

259 

114 

320 

62 

90 

281 

64 

21 

63 

140 

15 

69 


79 
221 


68 
126 
125 
153 

69 
249 
318 
118 

lis 

69 
419 
116 
177 
345 

60 
234 
63S 
270 


144 
148 


120 
292 


425 

444 

499 

459 

218 

257 

215 

39 

62 

27 

451 

402 

217 

654 

69 

172 

,666 

130 

32 

119 

259 

32 

123 

21 
1.53 
448 


28 


COtn^TY  AND  TOWN. 


Total. 


-Continued. 


Lincoln  county 

New  Sandwich 

Nobleborough 

Norridgewock 

Norridgewock,  settlement  east  of — 

Pittston 

Pownal  borough 

Prescotts  and  Whitchcrs  plantation . 

Rockmeeko,  east  side  of  river 

Sandy  river,  first  township 

Sandy  river,  from  its  mouth  to  Carrs 

plantation 

Sandy  river,  middle  township 

Sandy  river,  upjier  township 

Seven  Mile  Brook 

Sniithto^'n  plantation 

Starling  plantation 

Thomaston 

Titcomb 

Topsham 

Twenty-five  Mile  Pond 

Union 

V^^ssal  borough 

Waldoborough 

^\'aIes  plantation 

Warren 

Washington 

Winslow,  with  itsadjacents 

Winthrop 

Woolwich 

Between  Norridgewock  and  Seven 

Mile  Brook 


WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Males. 


Washington  county. 


Bucks  Harbor  Neck 

Machias 

Plantations  east  of  Machias: 

No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  4 

No.  5 

No.8 

No.  9 

No.  10 

No.  11 

No.  12 

No.  13 

Plantations  west  of  Machias: 

No.  4 

No.  6 

No.  6 

No.  11 

No.  12 

No.  13 

No.  22 


York  county. 


Arundel 

Berwick 

Biddetcrd 

Brownfield  township 

Brownfield  to^^'nship — in  the  gore 

adjoining 

Buxton 

Co.xhall 

Francisborough  plantation 

Fryeburgh 

Hiram 

Kittery 

Lebanon 

Limerick 

Little  Falls 

Little  Ossipee 

New  Penacook 

Parsonsfield 

Pepperellborough 

Porterfield 

Sanford 

Shapleigh 

Sudbury-Canada 

Sudbury,  settlements  adjoining 

Suncook _ 

Washington  plantation 

Waterborougn 

Waterford 

Wells 

York 


296 

1,310 

332 

43 

603 

2,043 

32 

59 

493 

324 
65 
60 
138 
612 
108 
799 
147 
826 
119 
200 
1,246 
1,720 
440 
646 
612 
798 
1,227 
791 

147 

2,760 


61 

818 


144 
54 
84 

244 
29 
42 
37 
54 


233 
177 
209 
95 
8 
223 
175 

29,078 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


1,461 

3,890 

1,018 

146 

20 

1,508 

701 

409 

549 

92 

3,206 

1,2'6 

409 

607 

663 

77 

664 

1,343 

71 

1,798 

1,319 

324 

51 

85 

261 

968 

154 

3,061 

2,898 


91 

316 

91 

11 

182 

535 

12 

28 

141 

78 

17 

18 

41 

142 

60 

207 

34 

215 

33 

53 

301 

429 

115 

178 

166 

203 

304 

205 


754 


Under 

16 
years. 


65 

348 

89 

12 

133 

635 

8 

7 

127 

93 

15 

17 

34 

129 

31 

209 

36 

203 

27 

50 

311 

454 

120 

148 

138 

223 

328 

195 


708 


14 
229 

18 
41 
16 
24 
75 

9 
14 

8 
13 

1 

71 
45 
56 
22 
4 
81 
43 

7,276 

307 

978 

273 

39 

6 
357 
104 

98 
142 

22 
705 
310 

98 
159 
144 

23 
174 
339 

23 
449 
310 

82 

17 

22 

72 
229 

45 
819 
750 


18 
210 

16 

30 

13 

26 

60 

7 

6 

10 

15 

5 

59 
49 
56 
24 
1 

61 
44 

7,193 


Fe- 
males. 


140 
642 
1.52 
20 
281 
969 
11 
24 
223 

162 

33 

25 

62 

240 

77 

379 

77 

398 

59 

94 

623 

824 

295 

307 

308 

371 

593 

390 


1,278 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


376 

920 

233 

37 

5 

402 

235 

101 

138 

29 

696 

344 

110 

147 

200 

13 

169 

358 

14 

473 

370 

89 

13 

25 

51 

276 

35 

733 

602 


29 
372 

32 
67 
25 
34 
109 
13 
23 
19 
26 
1 

103 

83 

98 

49 

3 

105 
87 

14,451 


708 

1,950 

506 

68 

9 
746 
362 
210 
268 

41 
1,706 
622 
200 
301 
318 

41 
311 
646 

34 
876 
630 
153 

21 

38 
138 
463 

74 
1,494 
1,518 


10 


Slaves. 


20 


158 


39 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


189 


Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  TUE  FIRST  CENSUS.  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 

Continued. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


COUNTV  AND  TOWN. 


Total. 


Cheshire  county 28, 753 


Acworth 

Alstead 

Charles  town 

Clie->lorneld 

Cl.in^inont 

Cornish 

Crov'lon 

Dublin 

FllzwiUiam 

Gilsotn 

Ilins'lale 

Jallriy 

Koone 

I.antjdon 

Leinpster 

Marlborough 

Marlow 

New  Grantham. 

NewTMit 

Packorsficld 

Plalnficld 

Proli'ctworth... 

Richmond 

Rln.lOT 

Slodilard 

Sullivan 

Scirry 

Swanzey 

Inily 

Waliiole 

Wasliincton 

Wendell 

Westmoreland.. 
Winchester 


Grafton  county. 


705 

1,112 

1,094 

l,g03 

1,423 

9S2 

5311 

899 

1,038 

298 

524 

1.238 

1,307 

244 

415 

786 

319 

333 

779 

724 

1,024 

210 

1,380 

1,143 

701 

220 

448 

1,155 

538 

1,254 

545 

2G7 

2,0(10 

1,209 

13,408 


Alexandria 

Bartlett 

Balh 

BridKOwater 

Burton 

Cambridge  (not  Inhabited) 

Campion 

Canaan 

Chatham 

Co<-kl)um 

Cockermouth 

Coll'ume 

Com  ord  (alias  Gunthwalte) 

Coventry 

Dalton 

Dame's  Location 

Dartmouth 

Dorchester 

Dtiinmer  (not  inhabited) 

Enfield  (ali;isUelhan) 

E rrol  ( not  Inhabited) 

Franconia 

Cratton 

Hale's  l.ocation 

Hanover  (including  l.W  students  at 

Dartmouth  College) 

Hart's  l^ooation 

Haverhill 

Kilkenny  (not  inhabited) 

Lancaster 

LandafT 

Lebanon 

Lincoln 

Littleton 

Lyman 

Lyme 

Milineld  (not  inhabited) 

New  Chester 

New  I  loldemess 

Northumberland 

Orange 

Ortord 

Peeling  (not  inhabited) 

Percy 

Piemiont 

Plymouth 

Rumney 

Senter's'  I.ocation 

Shelbume 

Stark's  Location 

Sterling's  Location 

Stratford 


WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Males. 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


Under 

16 
years. 


7,008  I  7,567  14,090 


Fe- 
males. 


21)8 
307 
441 
348 
238 
121 
227 
2.55 

70 
127 
285 
319 

58 
110 
175 

73 

90 
187 
170 
259 

5G 
332 
276 
162 

48 
117 
291 
133 
327 
137 

70 
473 
298 

3,7CS 


197 
285 
254 
S32 
389 
258 
150 
223 
278 

64 
142 
336 
318 

76 

95 
219 

90 

S8 
198 
208 
277 

49 
368 
306 
194 

68 
111 
286 
139 
335 
135 

64 
524 
311 

3,311 


297 
248 
493 
281 
141 


395 

483 

58 

26 

373 

29 

313 

88 

14 

21 

111 

175 


724 


72 

403 

9 

1,379 

12 

552 


161 

292 

1,180 

22 

96 

202 

816 


312 
329 
117 
131 
540 


48 
426 
625 
411 
8 
35 
29 


79 
55 
117 
84 
34 


113 

137 

17 

9 

94 

10 

91 

21 

3 

4 

34 

48 


188 


22 


476 

3 

163 


45 
75 

375 

8 

28 

57 

231 


70 
96 
34 
32 
140 


14 
103 
182 
97 
5 
12 
8 
3 
44 


87 
57 
136 
62 
45 


79 

123 

13 

5 
104 

6 
75 
20 

4 

8 
25 
45 


173 


348 
558 
531 
928 
682 
484 
262 
444 
505 
164 
251 
606 
663 
IDS 
207 
392 
156 
153 
389 
343 
486 
104 
680 
554 
344 
103 
220 
572 
265 
589 
273 
133 
998 
595 

6,340 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


131  { 
135 
239 
134 
62 


202 

223 
28 
12 

175 
13 

147 

47 

7 

9 

52 

82 


18 

110 

2 

297 
4 

118 


45 
80 
282 
5 
26 
39 


103 
73 
27 
37 

125 


11 
113 

142 
113 


32 

194 

4 

596 

5 

266 


70 


Slaves. 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Total. 


Grafton  county— Continued. 

Success  (not  inhabited) 

Thornton 

Tmcoihick  (not  iniiablted) 

Wales's  Location 

Warren 

Wenlworth 


Uiilsborough  county.. 


Amherst 

Andover 

.\ntrim 

Bedford 

Boscawen 

Bradford 

Campion's  Gore 

Dearmg 

Dern'lield 

DcrrWield  Gore 

Dunliarlon 

l>unstable 

Dti.xhury  Mile.slip.. 

Fisherslield 

Frances  town 

Gotlstown 

Hancock 

Ileniker 

Hillsborough 

Mollis 

llopkinton 

Kersar^re  Gore 

Litchlleld 

Lyndborotigh 

l.yndborough  Gore. 

Mason 

Merriniac 

New  Boston 

New  Ipswich 

New  London 

Nottingham  West... 

Peterborough 

Kaby 

Salisbury 

Sharon 

Society  Land 

Sutton 

Temple 

Warner 

\\'eare 

Wilion 


WHITE  roPDLATlOM 
Ol  1790. 


yean 
and 


385 


S 
206 
241 

32,883 


96 


1 

62 
5« 

8,145 


2,360 
645 
536 
897 

1,108 
217 
120 
938 
362 
30 
921 
634 
160 
325 
983 

1,275 
0.14 

1,124 
798 

1,441 

1,715 
103 
360 

1,280 

38 

922 

819 

1,204 

1,241 
311 

1,004 
861 
338 

1,362 
280 
329 
520 
747 
863  t 

1.924 

1,097 


571 

166 

138 

210 

282 

56 

28 

213 

92 

10 

209 

179 

39 

68 

232 

324 

156 

266 

193 

340 

445 

27 

99 

313 

11 

215 

209 

313 

338 

69 

267 

221 

86 

335 

68 

84 

132 

177 

220 

491 

253 


Rockingham  county 43,184    11,141 


71  I 
137 
515 
9  I 

42 
106 
392  I 


8  1. 


160 
56 
61 

272 


Aliensiown 

.\tkinson 

Bow 

Brintwood 

Candia 

Canterbury 

Chester 

Chichester 

I  Concord 

lieerlield 

East  Kingston 

I  Kpping 

;  Epsom 

Exeter 

C,osfH>rt  (on  Star  Island). 

(Jri-enland 

llampsteo'l 

I  Hampton 

;  ilampton  Falls 

I  llawke 

I  Kensington 

I  Kingston 

*  Londonderry 

'  lx>udon 

\..u,   i-tle 


255 
480  I 
566  I 
976  I 
1,040 

1,048  ; 

1,899 
492 

1,738 

1,613 
358 

1,255 
830 

1,722 
93 
634 
725 
853 
540 
422 
604 
905 

2,604 

1,074  I 
,U4 


68 
129 
147 
255 
246 
295 
490 
137 
494 
444 

90 
338 
200 
437 

32 
170 
195 
238 
ISO 
101 
233 
244 
676 
273 

ir. 


Onder  males. 

16 
years. 


98 


191 


AO 
ottacr 
tree 
per- 


23 

206 

297 

201 

3 

18 

16 

4 

65 


I 

.Nuiiiu»:huin 

Felhatn 

I'embrook 

Pittslield I      s^j 

Plaistow 516 

Poplin I      «3 

Portsmouth <,730 


3  2  I 

64  80 

73^      112 

8,392    16,170 


4 

176 


575 
167 
144 
240 
274 

60 

35 
364 

95 

4 

344 

146 

45 
105 
334 
303 
160 
325 
211 
378 
417 

37 

87 
349 
8 
342 
307 
303 
3S5 

90 
346 
213 

89 
385 

63 

89 
122 
196 
195 
500 
270 


1,205 
312 
244 
440 
551 
101 

57 
459 
175 

16 
448 
308 

85 
152 
517 
614 
315 
525 
303 
723 
852 

« 
166 
618 

19 
462 
393 
578 
614 
152 
544  I 
423  ' 
160 
640 
129 
156 
266 
368 
448  : 
931 
562 


18 


Oa* 


7 
1 

2 


20 

1 

=1 
8 
1 

1 

" 

3 

10 
10 

4 

9.667  '21,987        292 


97 


2oi  , 

134 

136 

1,158  I 


-.'" 

414 

4 

123 

299 

104 

251 

i 

I 

973 

2,4!.7 

78 

at 

190 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 

Continued. 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 


Total. 

■WHITE   POPULATION 
IS   1790. 

All 
other 
tree 
per- 
sons. 

Slaves. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Total. 

WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 

All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Slaves. 

16 

years 
and 
over. 

Under 

16 
years. 

16 
years 
and 
over. 

Under 

16 
years. 

Rockingham  county— Cont'd, 

727 
865 
1,218 
562 
715 
449 
882 
^663 

23,611 

177 
226 
287 
138 
178 
125 
229 
156 

181 
1S9 
294 
115 
178 
82 
158 
173 

361 
439 
626 
309 
357 
241 
486 
328 

11,596 

8 
8 
9 

3 

2 

Strafford  county— Continued. 
Lee 

1,036 

592 

882 

617 

565 

554 

445 

652 

339 

2,852 

1,587 

905 

945 

3 

48 

266 

109 

646 

447 

277 

167 

248 

151 

133 

139 

108 

171 

86 

728 

415 

216 

248 

2 

10 

67 

29 

158 

110 

224 
126 
211 
162 
148 
140 
118 
173 
82 
740 
424 
243 
211 
....... 

72 
20 
195 
120 

533 
295 
419 
304 
283 
275 
212 
306 
171 
1,383 
748 
446 
481 
1 
25 
126 
60 
293 
217 

I 
4 

RVP                                                             

Madbury 

Merideth 

Middleton 

Salem 

Siiniio  \vn 

2 

1 
8 
1 

64 

i 

5 
21 

Moiil  t  onborough 

1 

New  Durham 

New  Durham  Gore 

7 
2 

New  Hampton 

Ossipee                                 

6,012     5,918 

1 

807 
2,481 

574 
1,996 
1,246 

254 

153 
2,610 

192 
608 
149 
547 
336 
60 
42 
615 

214 
650 
146 
418 
271 
72 
43 
682 

400 
1,221 

279 
1,005 

634 

122 

67 

1,290 

2 

1 

Somersworth 

' 

4 

is 

2 

8 
3 

Sterling's  I^ocation 

1 

Tuftonborougll 

22 

1 
1 

W  aken  e  1  d 

I 


VERMONT. 


Addison  county — 

Addison 

Bridport 

Bristol 

Cornwall 

Ferrisburg 

Hancock 

Kingston ' 

Leicester 

Middlebury 

Monkton 

New  Haven 

Fan  ton 

Salisbury 

Shoreham 

Vergennes 

Weybritlge 

Whiting 

Bennington  county 

Arlington 

Bennington 

Bromley 

Dorsett 

Glastonbury 

Landgrove 

Manchester 

Pownal 

Reedsborough 

Rupert 

Sandgate 

Shaftsburj- 

Stamford." 

Sunderland 

Winhall 

Woodford 

Chittenden  county . 

Alburgh 

Bakersneld 

Bolton 

Burlington 

Cambridge 

Cambridge  Gore 

Charlotte 

Colchester 

Duxhnry 

Elmore 

Essex 

Fairfax 

Fairfield 

Fletcher 

Georgia 

Highgate 

ITinesburgh 

Hungerford 

Huntsburgh 

Hydespark 

Isle  Mott 

Jerico 

Johnson 

Middlesex 

Milton 

Minden 


402 
450 
211 
825 
481 
56 
101 
344 
395 
449 
717 
220 
444 
701 
201 
174 
249 

12,206 


992 

2.350 

71 

957 

34 

31 

1,278 

1,732 

(53 

1,034 

773 

1,990 

272 

414 

155 

60 

7,287 


446 

13 

88 

330 

359 

15 

635 

137 

39 

12 

354 

254 

126 

47 

340 

103 

454 

40 

46 

43 

47 

381 

93 

60 

283 

18 


1,708     1,656 


108 

123 

53 

214 

137 

18 

26 

94 

125 

122 

180 

57 

122 

198 

73 


3,103 


252 
628 

21 
240 
6 
7 
3.38 
418 

16 
251 
198 
491 

69 
113 

39 

18 

2,251 


147 
4 
21 

108 

108 
3 

189 
42 
9 
7 

118 
85 
43 
13 

105 
26 

127 
16 
25 
10 
18 

115 

31 

16 

90 

6 


106 
122 
57 
218 
119 
11 
31 
81 
92 
134 
218 
06 
107 
161 
35 
41 
57 

3,205 


252 
601 

19 
230 

11 

4 

339 

498 

15 
289 
189 
528 

65 
101 

46 

18 

1,761 


106 

4 
26 
68 
84 

6 

142 

40 

18 

1 
76 
61 
28 
14 
80 
31 
115 

8 
10 
12 
13 
90 
16 
19 
65 

6 


2,959 


186 

205 

101 

393 

213 

27 

44 

169 

176 

193 

319 

97 

215 

337 

79 

84 

121 

5,865 


488 

1,101 

31 

487 

17 

20 

596 

815 

32 

404 

380 

907 

137 

199 

69 

20 

3,252 


189 

5 

41 

151 

167 
6 

301 
55 
12 
4 

100 

108 
55 
20 

155 
45 

212 
11 
11 
18 
16 

176 
46 
25 

128 
6 


37 


20 


23 


Chittenden  county — Cont'd. 

More  town 

Morristown 

New  Huntington 

New  H  untington  Gore 

North  Hero 

St.  Albans 

St.  George 

Shelbume 

Smithfield 

South  Hero 

Starksborough 

Swan  ton 

Underbill 

Waitsfield 

Waterbury 

Westford 

Wilhston 

Wolcott 


Orange  county. 


Bamet 

Barton  (not  inhabited) 

Berlin 

BilljTnead  (not  inhabited) 

Bradford 

Braintree 

Brookfield 

Brownington  (not  inhabited)... 

Brunswick 

Burke  (not  inhabited) 

Cabot 

Calais 

Caldersburgh  (not  inhabited) . . . 

Canaan 

Chelsea 

Concord 

Corinth 

Danville 

Dewev's  Gore 

Fairley 

Ferdinand  (not  inhabited) 

Glover  (not  inhabited) 

Granby  (not  inhabited) 

Greensborough 

Groton 

Guildhall 

Hardwick 

Ifarris  Gore  (not  inhabited) 

Hopkins  Grant  (not  inhabited). 

Lemington 

Lewis  (not  inhabited) 

Littleton 

Ivunenburgh 

Lyndon 

Maidstone 

Marshfield  (not  inhabited) 

Minehead  (not  inhabited) 

Montpelier 

Navy  (not  inhabited) 

Newark  (not  inhabited) 

Newbury 

NorthfieUl 

Orange  (not  inhabited) 

Peachura 

Randolph 

Random  (not  inhabited) 


24 
10 

136 
31 

125 

256 
57 

387 
70 

S37 
40 
74 
59 
61 
93 
03 

469 
32 

10, 526 


477 
'i34' 


654 
221 
419 


122 
45 


19 

239 
49 

578 

574 
48 

403 


19 

45 

158 

3 


31 


63 
119 


125 


872 
40 


3(>5 
893 


10 
6 
34 
10 
40 
89 
14 

108 
28 

164 
15 
22 
16 
21 
22 
23 

136 
11 

2,873 


137 

"is' 


158 
61 
113 


4 

77 
18 
147 
165 
12 
132 


225 
10 


102 
227 


40 

7 
25 
61 
17 
103 
14 
128 

6 
25 
12 
16 
27 

8 
120 

7 

2,765 


176 

66 
116 


15 


5 

62 
12 
156 
139 

IS 
120 


222 
10 


90 
237 


4 
62 
14 
67 

105 
26 

176 
28 

245 
19 
27 
31 
24 
44 
32 

213 
14 

4,847 


207 


10 
100 

19 
275 
270 

18 
210 


413 
20 


173 
429 


I 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

TA„..P.104.-P0rri.ATI0N  AS  REPORTED  ATTUEKIRSTCENSUS.BYC0UXT1ESAXI.MI.X0U.IVILDIVISI0NS:  17 

Conliiniwl. 


191 

90— 


VEK  M  O  NT-Conllnucd. 


COUNTV  AND  TOWN. 


Orange  coanty — Continued. 

Roxbury 

Uyecatc 

.St.  .Vmirews  (not  Inhabited) 

>  t.  Johrisbury 

Sliollifld  (not  Inhabited) 

Slraironi 

Tlietfonl 

Topslmni 

Tunlirl.lge 

\'ershi  re 

\'ictory  (not  inhabited) 

Watiien 

Wal'len's  Gore 

Washinj.'ton 

Westmoro  (not  inhabited) 

\\'hpploclc 

Wildersliurgh ■ 

Williamstown 

Winloolc  (not  inhabited) 

Woodbury  (not  inhabited) 

Rutland  county 

Benson 

Brandon 

Ca.stleton 

Chittenden 

Claren<lon 

Danby 

Fair  H a ven 

Harwich 

Hui)l)ardton 

Ira. 


WHITE  roPDUnON 

IN  ITSO. 


Total 


14 
187 


143 


162 
487 
439 


33 
76 
146 


15,590 


KillinRton 

Middletown 

Midway 

Or«-ell 

Tawlet 

Philadelphia 

I'ittsfield 

I'it  Lsford 

I'oull  nev 

Rutland ,  1 

Shrewsbury ' 

Sudbury I 

Tinniou'th i 

Wallingtord i 

WeUs 


658 
637 
809 
159 
.480 
,206 
545 
165 
410 
312 

32 
699 

34 
778 
,458 

39 

49 
8c0 
,120 
,417  I 
382  ' 
258  I 
9.35 
538  ' 
620| 


Males. 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


54 


213 
211 


121 

117 


Under 

10 
years. 


2 
54 

228' 
218 
5fi 
147 
118 


Fc- 

inalps. 


3,990 

185 

154 

210 

38 

343 

276 

174 

38 

120 

77 

11 

169 

7 

215 

348 

12 

13 

219 

282 

396 

98 

67 

247 

142 

149 


182 

168 

222 

49 

397 

333 

121 

49 

94 

82 

10 

172 

9 

218 

399 

9 

12 

208 

292 

3,^1 

101 

69 

244 

131 

176 


6 
87 

"m 
"m 

419 

70 

219 

204 


7,470 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


290  I 
314  ' 
376  I 

72  . 
740  . 
589  I 
2.T0  '. 

78  . 
190  . 
I.i3  1. 

11  . 
358  1. 

18  I. 
341 
709  I 

18    . 

24    . 
422; 
5.19 
6G8 
1.<13  '., 
122  ,.. 
442 
262 
295  L, 


Slaves. 


32 


2  '. 


Athens 

Bratlleborougb 
Dummerston. . 

Ouiirord 

Hallifax 
Hinsdale 

Jamaica. 

Johnson's  Oore. 
Londonderry 
Marlborough 
New  Fane, 

Putney     

Rockingham •  i 

Somerset, 

Btratlon 

Thomlinson 

Towasend 

Wanlsborough,  North  District 
WardsliorouKh,  South  District. 

\Vestiiiin.sti'r 

Wbilingham 
Wilmington 


ADdover 

Barnard 

Bethel 

Bridgwater 

Cavendish 

Chester 

Hartford 

Hartland. 

Ludlow  

Norwich I  1 

Pomfret 
Reading 
Rochester, 
Royal  ton 
Sal  (ash, 
Sharon. 

Springfield i 

Stockbridge 

Wejithorsllelil I  1 

Windsor I  1 

Woodstock 1 


MASSACHTTSETTS. 


Barnstable  county 17, 342 


Barnstable 

Chatham 

Ea.sthatii 

Falmouth 

Harwich 

Marshpeo  plantation . 

Province  Town 

Sandwich 

Truro 

Welltlct 

Yarmouth 


Berkshire  county. 


.\dafns 

Adams  and  Windsor— in  the  gore 

ailjoining 

Alford 

B(?cket 

Bethlehem 

Dalton 

Egromont 

Great  Harrington 

JIancock 

Lanesborough 

Lee, 


2,610 
1,134 
1,834 
1,639 
2,392 
308 
454 
1,991 
1,193 
1,115 
2,672 

30,263 


lycnox 

Loudon 

Moimt  Washington 

Mount  Washington  (Boston  Comer). 

New  .\shford 

New  Maril>orough 

Partridgefleld 

Pittsfltld 

Richmond 


2,041 

425 

577 

751 

261 

554 

759 

1,373 

1,204 

2.142 

1.170 

1,169 

344 

261 

67 

464 

1,5.50 

1,041 

1,982 

1,255 


4,200     4,093     8,677 


631 
266 
420 
420 
545 
35 
142 
•ICO 
324 
301 
650 


102 

142 

195 

62 

129 

187 

328 

295 

522 

286 

279 

96 

57 

13 

93 

395 

2.50 

491 

336 


623 
290 
431 
305 
593 
27 
99 


1,301 
575 
974 
816 

1,243 
72 
21 


4f.«  1,015 

279  .586 

252  ,  5(10 

665  1,324 


7,790 


561 

121 

173 

187 

73 

134 

191 

315 

322 

547 

310 

299 

84 

78 

21 

126 

400 

279 

497 

291 


14,794 


1,003 

191 

262 
362 
125 
283 
378 
664 
.586 
1,058 
.571 
674 
164 
126 
33 
243 
742 
.509 
949 
624 


372 


3 

3 

38 

11 

174 

2  i 
47  [ 

4 

2  ! 
33  I 

323 


Berkshire  county— Continued. 

Sandislleld 

SandisSeld- south  11,000  acres  ad- 
joining  

Shemeldf 

Stockbridgo 

Tyringhani , 

Washington , 

West  Stockl. ridge 

Williainstown 

Wdtiamstown— in  the  gore  adjoin- 
ing  

Windsor 

Zoor  plan  tat  Ion ' 

Bristol  county 31,096 

Attleborough 

Berkley 

Dartmouth 

DIghton 

Easton 

Freetown 

Mansfield 

New  Bedford 

Norton 

Rarnham 

Rcnoboth 

Somerset 

Swaniey i     - 

Taunton 3.soi 

Wotport i  2.403 

Dukes  county.  ^  ?'■'■ 

Chllmark 

Edgartown ,  1 ,  .144 

Tisbury I  1,140  ; 


612 


5S.5 

»12 

1,«28 


1,571 

379 

379 

8M 

8 

161 
1.893 

37 
467 

43 
462 

81 
932 

S2 

1,336 

311 

322 

639 

M 

1,397 

337 

368 

683 

0 

588 

143 

llfl 

283 

3 

1,113 

260 

298 

545 

10 

1,709 

445 

454 

865 

i 

51 
916 

8 
222 

22 
233 

21 
454 

7  ' 

78 

16 

7.956 

20 
6.939 

43 

16.071 

1,   .  .. 

31,096 

730  

2.167 

505 

4,51 

1,1.33 

18  

850 

213 

179 

446 

13  

2,500 

645 

.541 

1.231 

8S  

1 . 7!".l 

41'. 

409 

879 

89  1 

1  ■' 

379 

704 

17  ' 

465 

1,121 

5.5  

|f« 

509 

5  

-,  ■  I 

'-'" 

1,686 

38 

1  ■;.-> 

;■■ 

730  ' 
543 

.'.40,^  , 

13 
29 
91 

823 

711 

1,696 

25 

199  , 
336 

3881 

1,57 
318 
236 

405 

683 
009 

10 
8 
7 

>  Schedules  ml.sslng. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


192 

T.B..  10.  -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS.  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 
lAiii-t.  xw«.     i  Continued. 

MASSACHUSETTS-Continued. 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Total. 


WHITE  POPULATION 

IN  1790. 


Males. 


Essex  county P^'  8^" 


Amesbury '■ 

Andover |  ^ 


Beverly. 

Boxfor'd 

Bradford 

Danvers 

Gloucester 

Haverhill 

Ipswich 

Lynn 

Lynnfield 

Manchester 

Marblehead 

Methuen 

Middleton 

Newbury 

Newbur  j*port 

Rowley ." 

Salem 

Salisbury 

Topsfield 

Wenliam 


Hampshire  county. 


Amherst 

Ashfield 

Belchertown 

Bemardston 

Blandford 

Brirafield 

Buckland 

Charlemont 

Chester 

Chesterfield 

Colrain 

Conway 

Cummington 

Deerfield 

Easthampton 

Goshen 

Granby 

Granville 

Greenfield 

Greenwich 

Hadley 

Hatfield 

Heath 

Holland 

Leverett 

Leyden 

Lonsmeadow 

Ludlow 

Middlefield 

Monson  ^ 

Montague 

Montgomery 

New  Salem 

Northampton ' 

Northfield 

Norwich 

Orange 

Palmer 

Pelham 

Plainfield 

Plantation  No.  7. 

Rowe -■.. 

Shelburne 

Shutesbury 

South  Brimfield.. 

South  Hadley 

Southampton 

Southwick 

Springfield 

Sunderland 

Ware 

Warwick 

Wendell 

West  Springfield. 

Westfiekl 

Westhampton 

Whatelv 

Wilbraham 

Williamsburgh. 


801 
802 
295 
925 
371 
424 
317 
404 
503 
291 
491 
959 
601 
295 
682 
,970 
,817 
,772 
917 
779 
781 
602 

59,656 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


14,258 


1,233 
1.458 
1,485 
690 
1,416 
1,213 
718 
665 
1,119 
1,183 
1,418 
2,093 
873 
1,328 
457 
681 
590 
1,980 
1.498 
1,045 
882 
703 
379 
428 
524 
989 
744 
560 
603 
1,331 
908 
449 
1,543 
1,628 
868 
737 
784 
809 
1,040 
443 
540 
443 
1,183 
674 
606 
759 
829 
841 
1,674 
462 
773 
1,244 
519 
2,367 
2,206 
682 
735 
1,553 
1,049 
Worthingtou '  1,117 


Under 

16 
years. 


12,567 


30, 182 


470 
741 
748 
247 
378 
625 

1,267 
612 

1,151 
625 
119 
233 

1,265 
338 
164 

1,038 

1,153 
453 

1,846 
457 
214 
114 

15,109 


384 
612 
739 
191 
263 
486 

1,218 
535 
920 
514 
108 
202 

1,327 
293 
140 
844 

1,072 
306 

1,707 
381 
156 
109 

15,009 


Fe- 
males. 


All 
other 
tree 
per- 
sons. 


944 

1.415 

1,750 

481 

725 

1,279 

2,791 

1,250 

2,414 

(1,132 

201 

515 

2,982 

063 

362 

2,047 

2,525 

944 

4,104 

931 

398 

269 


29,087    451 


335 

354 

370 

175 

345 

318 

164 

166 

285 

283 

348 

500 

237 

352 

127 

161 

164 

497 

391 

271 

240 

199 

86 

115 

126 

209 

200 

134 

154 

336 

236 

110 

390 

498 

224 

186 

186 

215 

240 

106 

135 

119 

300 

160 

144 

209 

226 

215 

415 

123 

189 

277 

130 

630 

527 

162 

184 

380 

258 

287 


872 


3 

94 
58 

6 

5 
34 
41 

7 

78 
20 

3 

9 
87 

1 

16 
41 
67 

9 
200 
10 
13 
10 


Slaves. 


287 

369 

390 

172 

359 

309 

191 

173 

300 

317 

371 

558 

212 

306 

108 

185 

154 

501 

390 

265 

187 

117 

105 
97 

129 

297 

182 

158 
172 
324 
219 
116 
387 
341 
224 
197 
203 
186 
277 
118 
l.W 
122 
273 
196 
171 
181 
178 
217 
3.59 
101 
205 
308 
147 
525 
566 
185 
199 
393 
261 
278 


609 

734 

713 

343 

703 

584 

363 

326 

527 

581 

088 

1,022 

419 

646 

221 

327 

276 

909 

714 

504 

430 

343 

188 

204 

268 

481 

356 

266 

277 

0.53 

451 

221 

705 

771 

415 

350 

395 

396 

617 

214 

249 

202 

598 

315 

291 

359 

418 

397 

787 

237 

378 

057 

242 

1.160 

1,055 

333 

351 

755 

620 

647 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Middlesex  county . 


Acton §53 


Ashbv 

Bedford 

Billerica 

Boxborough 

Cambridge 

Carlisle 

Charles  town 

Chelmsford 

Concord 

Dracut 

Dunstable 

East  Sudbury 

Framlngham 

Groton 

Holliston 

Hopkinton 

Lexington 

Lincoln 

Littleton 

Maiden 

Marlborough 

Medford 

Natick 

Newton 

Pepperell 

Reading 

Sherburn 

Shirley 

Stoneham 

Stow 

Sudbury 

Tewksb'ury 

Townsend 

Tyngsborough  on  north  side  of  Mer- 
rimack   

Tyngsborough  on  south  side  of  Mer- 
rimack   

Waltham 

Watertown 

Westford 

Weston 

Wilmington 

Wobum 


Total. 


42,769 


WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Males. 


Nantucket  county. 


Sherburn.. 


Plj-mouth  county. 


Abington 

Bridgewater 

Carver 

Duxborough 

Halifax 

Hanover 

Kingston 

Marshfield 

Middleborough. 

Pembroke 

Pl>-mouth 

Plymton 

Rochester 

Scituate 

Wareham 


Bellingham 

Boston 

Boston,  islands  in  the  harbor., 

Braintree 

Brookline 

Chelsea 

Cohasset 

Dedham 

Dorchester 

Dover 

Foxborough 

Franklin 

Hingham 

Hull. 

Medfield 

Med  way... 


■61 

523 

1,191 

412 

2,109 

656 

1,589 

1,144 

1,585 

1,217 

380 

801 

1,598 

1,840 

874 

1,316 

941 

740 

854 

1,0.32 

1,552 

1,030 

010 

1,364 

1,132 

1,802 

868 

677 

381 

800 

1,288 

965 

993 

181 

202 
880 
1,091 
1,229 
1,009 
710 
1,724 

4,665 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


Under 

16 
years. 


11,071 


4,656 
29,512 


1,463 
4,953 

847 
1,457 

664 
1,084 
1,006 
1,269 
4,524 
1,964 
2,995 

956 
2,642 
2,854 

854 


Suffolk  county 44, 865 


735 
038 
282 
775 
484 
409 
817 
659 
722 
482 
6.83 
,101 
,085 
120 
731 
,040 


9,620 


21,486 


216 

187 

150 

336 

100 

634 

149 

395 

327 

414 

310 

107 

206 

394 

477 

236 

310 

251 

180 

223 

239 

431 

262 

141 

332 

286 

480 

249 

100 

108 

205 

324 

237 

273 

44 

62 
232 
319 
301 
266 
181 
452 

1,201 


1,201 
7,493 


357 
1,250 
214 
378 
178 
268 
201 
386 
1,166 
480 
749 
233 
680 
692 
202 

11,366 


187 
4,325 
192 
6S7 
1.52 
133 
188 
438 
488 
119 
106 
305 
605 
24 
201 
285 


Fe- 
males. 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


204 
194 
117 
256 
86 
464 
99 
300 
233 
312 
284 

79 
176 
350 
429 
199 
329 
212 
184 
177 
214 
336 
215 
133 
301 
245 
386 
211 
166 

83 
196 
287 
231 
244 

50 

46 
207 
260 
306 
226 
172 
394 

1,017 


592 


427 
309 
254 
595 
217 
1,063 
306 
809 
672 
830 
684 
193 
410 
828 
929 
424 
665 
470 
370 
438 
559 
778 
525 
300 
696 
581 
906 
392 
354 
182 
397 
675 
480 
472 

87 

87 
431 
511 
618 
604 
345 
865 

2,303 


Slaves. 


i,536 


339 
1,121 
214 
322 
155 
235 
222 
210 
1,051 
433 
646 
220 
606 
654 
208 


2,303 
14,984 


6 

1 

2 

5 

9 

58 

2 

26 

12 

29 

39 

1 

9 

26 

5 

16 

12 

8 

6 

16 

20 

8 

34 

36 

26 

20 

31 

6 

2 

8 

3 

2 

7 

4 


742 

2,457 

407 

747 

329 

546 

505 

645 

2,284 

998 

1,646 

499 

1,302 

1,543 

434 


9,333  23,104 


184 
3,376 

25 
640 

94 

94 
212 
300 
345 
112 
169 
235 
454 

31 
120 
208 


362 

9,676 

60 

1,430 

225 

221 

417 

844 

859 

247 

348 

658 

1,102 

63 

395 

521 


34 

499 


15 
125 
12 
10 
2 
35 
18 
28 
24 
43 
54 
4 
64 
65 
10 

1,062 


2 
761 
5 
18 
13 
21 


1  Schedules  missing. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  TUE  FIRST  CENSUS.  BY  COUNTIES  AND 

Continued. 


193 

MINORCIVIL  DIVISIONS:  17<X)— 


MAS8ACHU8KTTS— Continued. 


I 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Total. 


WHITE  POnTtATIOK 
i»  1790. 


Males. 


16 
yeais 
and 
over. 


SuHoIk  county — Continued. 

Milton 

Needham 

Roxl)ury 

Sharon 

Stoiiphton 

Walpole 

\V'e>'mouth 

Wrenthani 


1,039 
1,109 
2,224 
1,034 
1,994 
1,007 
1,469 
1,766 


Worcester  county 50,764 


Ashburnham 

Athol 

Barre 

Berlin 

Bolton 

Bovlston 

Broolcncld 

Charlton 

Douglas 

Dudley 

Fitchburgh !  1 

Fitchburgh— In  the  gore  adjoining. .  .1 

Garriner 

Gerry 

Grafton 

Hard  wick 1 

Harvard 1 

HoUlen i  1 

n  ubbardston 

Lancaster 1. 

Leicester 1 , 

Leominster 1 

Leominster— In  the  gore  adjoining. . . 


271 
272 
618 
256 
484 
254 
346 
470 

14,600 


212 
219 
426 
129 
237 
227 
784 
501 
267 
265 
265 

2 
121 
177 
241 
459 
362 
278 
221 
387 
286 
314 

5 


Under  males. 

16 
years. 


AU 

other 

tree 

per- 

i  sons. 


Slaves. 


205 
269 
459 
258 
477 
251 
308 
387 


13,664  {28,091 


536 
555 

1,107 
515 

1,012 
497 
747  ' 
907 


409 


2G0 
205 
401 
138 
171 
183 
765 
490 
264 
275 
300 
6 
156 
182 
210 
393 
298 
267 
257 
313 
248 
254 
10 


475 
419 
748 
245 
447 
416 
1,547  ' 
970  I 
548 
549  I 
585 

l> 
253 
379 
421 
857 
716 
532 
440 
737 
537 
613 
12 


Cin-\TV    \\r'  ToW.V- 


WHITE  PfiruLATION 

IN  179U. 


Total. 


Mala. 


16 


Fo- 


years  p^""'*''  'natof. 
and    I  .';•, 
over.    >™"- 


13  I 
11 


15  |. 

23  . 
8  '. 
8  '. 


Worcester  county— Continued. 

Lunenburgh 

Mendon [  'i 

Middlesex     gore    (adjoining'  Stiir- 

brldge; 

Mlltord ."" 

New  Bralnlree 

North  borough 

Northljridge !!!!... 

Oakliam 

Oxford '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Oxford,  north  gore ',.'.'.'.['.'.'.'. 

Oxford,  south  gore 

Pax  ton ' ; 

Petersham "I 

Princeton i 

Princeton— In  the  gore  adjoining 

Royalslon 

Rutland 

Shrewsbury 

Southborough 

Spencer 

Sterling 

Sturbrldge 

Sutton 

Templelon 

Upton 

Uxbrldge 

Ward 

Westborough 

Western 

Westminster 

WInchendon 

Worcester 


1,277 
1,556 


i.l'j 

569 

772 

995 

74 

163 

558 

1,5<jO 

1,010 

26 

1,130 

1,071 

963 

837 

1,321 

1.428 

1.703 

2,627 

950 

830 

1,308 

473 

929 

898 

1,176 

945 

2,095 


302  I 
3t« 


I'l 
137 
191 
271 
19 
34 
140 
3'J7 
258 
5 
275 
204 
269 
2U5 
338 
377 
445 
666 
232 
210 
344 
128 
239 
240 
310 
238 
601 


310 
300 

20 

175 

iwt 

l.'i2 

140 

107 

234 

18 

43 

139 

377 

251 

6 

2N2 

243 

im 

189 
316 
350 
400 
652 
226 
199 
311 
118 
2.'i6 

zr? 

277 
2M 
494 


663 

795 

29 
427 
4>i3 
31  r2 
257 
3S3 
485 
37 
80 
271 
781 
£04 

!,-] 
52t. 
473 
442 
661 
687 
854 
1,297 
492 
392 
636 
227 
430 
414 
5S5 
4.U 
949 


AU 
other 
fr«e 
per- 
•ons. 


13 
14 

4 

I 

i  i 


Slaves. 


^! 


RHODE  ISLAKD. 


Bristol  county 3, 211 

Banington '      683 

Bristol 1,412 

Warren 1, 1 16 

Kent  county 8,851 

Coventry |  2,483 

East  Greenwich I  1,S26 

Warwick 2, 490 

West  Greenwich 2, 052 

Newport  county 14, 351 

Jamestown 507 

Little  C'ompton I,.'j29 

Middletown 840 

New  Shoreham 681 

Newport 6, 744 

Portsmouth 1, 600 

Tiverton 2,450 


165 
327 
286 


677     1,558 


144 

292 
241 


2,158     2,128 


645 
428 
566 
519 

3,256 


633 
393 
516 
586 

2,856 


100 
357 
214 
154 
1,460 
402 
569 


91 
356 
161 
133 
1,244 
350 
521 


lOO 


330 
677 
551 

4,153 


1, 165 
920 

1,151 
917 

7,062 


35 

72 

222 

"20 

805 


232 
771 
424 
290 

3,393 
792 

1,160 


5 
13 
35 
10 

372 


68  I 

22 

26 

.Wi 
421 

37 
175 


I 


16 
23 
15 
48 
226 
19 
25 


Providence  county 24, 376 


Cranston 

Cimiljerland 

Foster 

Clocestcr 

Johnston 

North  Providence.. 

Providence 

Scitiiate 

Smithlleld 


1,877  , 

1,966 

2,268 

4,016 

1.320 

1.071 

6.371 

2.316 

3.171  ' 


Washington  county 18.323 


;;? ! 


Charlestown I  2.023 

Exeter 2,496 

Ilopkinton '  2. 464 

North  Kingstown |  2.904 

Richmond '  1.7' 

Sotuh  Kingstown 1  4,:; 

Westerly 2,:-  ■ 


6,155 


444 

503 
528 
9S6 
333 
270 
1,709 
563 
819 

3.709 


345 
SS3 

522 


5,486  '11,877  I      777 


408 
4S5 
«13 
995 

2!<n 

237 

1,249 

548 

681 

4,598 


445 

613 
6X5 


942 
970 

i.ns 

2.012 

2,939 
1.170 
1,584 

8,219 


73 

10 

8 

IS 

4 

22 

1 

71 

3 

SO 

6 

427 

47 

29 

6 

82 

S 

1,453 

344 

815 

406  ; 

1.176 

87  ' 

1.17S 

72 

1.341 

199 

815 

'* 

I.R13 

545 

1.081 

68 

12 
37 
7 
»0 
2 
180 
10 


CONTTECTICUT. 


Fairfield  countv 

36,290 

9,149 

8,394 

17.630 

318 

799 

Hartford  county— Continued. 

2.SS3 
2.732 
2.611 
4.072 
2.679 
2.104 
2.485 
3.790 
2,631 
38.63.^ 

,— - 
1 

540 
645 
953 
731 

10.135 

275 
396 
354 
348 
S.-W 
KS5 
485 
105 
442 
7W 
684 

«7« 

590 

9.  2-17 

:iu 

317 

4,914 

733 

367 

2a'i 

40.'S 
7'(3 
61S 

l.W 

i:»4 

1-  717 

1.7,1 

6.T5  i 

9.7S2  1 

1.5IS  [ 

847 

364 

S14 

I..M7 

1.318  , 

X 

71 
9 
79 
11 
18 
28 
51 
27 

313 

7 

Brookfleld 

1,012 
3.032 
4.010 
3,175 
2.742 
1.572 
2,788 

S,810 

1..W1 
1.947 
3,222 
2,479 

38,149  1 

267 
781 
1,028 
798 
671 
401 
720 

2,187 

390 
488 
799 
619 

9,808 

219 
704 
896 
698 
625 
404 
637 

2,099 

327 
461 
724 
600 

8,844 

516 
1.504 
1,869 
1,559 
1,278 

754 
1,350 

4.324 

735 

989 

1.552 

1,200 

18.846 

7 
20 
14 
38 
48 

4 
10 

83 

17 

4 

49 

24 

395 

3 
2:! 

27 

Danbun* 

1  firanbv 

Fairflelil 

2m 

71 

H'lrtfoV'l   

47 

2 

Huntinu'ton 

ton 

II 

New  FairBeld 

38 

Newtown 

^>  ••ui'Tshfld 

59 

Norwalk \ 

Stamford / 

117 

32 
5 

98 
36 

256 

Windsor 

19 

Litchfield  county 

203 

Rldgelield 

1.056 
1,475 
1.367 
1.317 
20.278 

"27' 
...... 

191 
39 
14 
5 
11 
3 
12 

4 

Stratford 

19 
S 

Weston 

Kent 

Hartford  county 

Litchfield             

gQ 

25 
21 

Berlin 

2, 4% 
2.468 
3,012 
2,581 
1,805  , 

632 
592 
787 
712 
476 

562 
615 
668 
561 
393 

1,288 
1,242 
1,519 
1,274 
923 

12 
17 

7 
26 

2 
2 

Souihbury 

1,734 

775 

1,877 

3,143 

2,041  1 

« 

East  Hartford 

'I 
13 

Washington 

S 

East  Windsor 

Waiertown 

11 

Enfield 

Woodbury 

11 

194 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROT\TH. 


Table  104.— POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— 

Continued. 


CONJTEC  TIC  UT— Continued. 


COTISTY  AXr  TOWX 


COUSTT  AND  TOWIf. 


Middlesex  county 


Chatham 

East  Haddain 

Haddam 

KiUingwoith. 

Middlelown 

Saybrook 

New  Haven  conntr 

Branford 
Cheshire 

Derby 

Durliam 

East  Haven 

Guilford 

Hamden 

Milford 

New  Haven  city. 
North  Haven... - 

W'allin^ord 

WaterbxuT 

Woodbrid'ge 


New  London  coonty 


Total. 


Tolland  county 13,251 


i,3eo 

2,125 
1,059 
2,313 
1,220 
1,S59 
1,4S4 
e.'iO 
Willington I  1,201 

Windham  county 28,8S1 


2,5S2 
1,327 
1,885 
1,333 
2,162 
4,156 
2,635 

i,ni 

1,760 
2,270 
1,SC5 
2,764 
2,4.n 


WHITE  POPrLATION 
IN  1790. 


Male§. 


and 
over. 


Fe- 
I  Under  males. 
I      16 
\  years. 


All 
Other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


3,449     3,138  |  6,524 


376  , 

513 

2S6 

639 

322 

475 

387 

150 

301 


323  635 

509  1,0S0 

220  533 

526  1,104 


300  , 
454 
361 
162 

283  1 


591 
928 

n7 

317 
599 


7,436     6,547   14,373 


661 
352  I 
501 
339  I 
541  ! 
1,042 


643 
302 
391 
303 
544 
930 


6S9 

610 

468 

a56 

461 

373 

am 

555 

is.! 

433 

670 

.580 

664 

525  1 

1,2.XP 

633 

975 

680 

1,048 

2,0S0 

1,320 

817 

885 

1,140 

912 

1,422 

1,211 


Slaves. 


14 


4 
19 
5 
2 
5 
1 
1 


7 

10 

2 

1 

9 

51 

7 

10 

19 

7 

21 

28 

12 


srarW  YORK. 


Albanycounty. 175,980,18,684  18,960  34,443 


Albany  city 

First  ward 

Second  ward 

Third  ward 

Ba]Isto\vn 

Cambridge 

fats  kill 

Coxsackie 

Duanesburgh 

Easton 

Freehold 

Halfmoon _ . . 

Boosick. 

Pittstown 

Rensselaerville 

Rensselaerwick 

Saratoga 

Schaghticoke 

SchenecTad  v 

Schenectady,  south  of  the  Mohawk.. 

Schoharie 

Stepfaeniown. 

Stillwater 

Watervliet 

Island  in  the  river  not  included  in 
any  town 

Clinton  coon tv 


Champlain 

Crown  Point 203 

Plattsbtirgh 4Sg 

Wellsburgh 379 

Columbia  county ...27.496 


.494 
1.612 

S7S 

:  0O4 

7.S16 
5.009 
1.9S0 
3.401 
1.469 
2.547 
1.821 
3.MI9 
3.031 
2,458 
2.776 
8.305 
3.071 
1.650 
756 
3.475  ' 
2.074 
7.209 
3.078 
7,422 


1,615 


3.722 


1.442 

26 

571 

672 

o 

214 

383 

18 

100 

387 

3 

257 

3.317 

23 

69 

2,408 

43 

835 

8 

305 

1.474 

8 

302 

684 

1 

5 

1.203 

57 

861 

1 

5 

1.666 

7 

123 

1.454 

IS 

27 

1.158 

33 

1.311 

13 

3.632 

562 

1.405 

8 

53 

711 

143 

328 

78 

1.483 

34 

381 

938 

9 

152  , 

3.420 

1 

26  1 

1.441 

10 

61  ' 

3,265 

17 

707  1 

Canaan 6.670 

Claverack 3,237 

Clermont '     $62 

Germant4}wn 512 

HiUsdale 4.454. 

Hudson J. 585 

Kinderhook 4.667 

Livingston 4^489 

Dutchess  county 4.5.276    10.972  11.069  20.940 


Amenia 3.078  I,  768  i     7S0 

Beekman 3.600  850        951 

CUnton I  4.(i07  I  1.173     1.113 

Fishkill 5.W1  I  1.366  |  1.290 

Frederickstown 5.9.12  1,438  I  1  540 

Northeast 3.401  839:     863 

Pawling I  4,336  1,031  !  1,074 


1.449 

29 

1.682 

11 

2.115 

30 

2.643 

41 

2.850 

41 

1.597 

22 

2,098 

91 

1.864  I 


52  1 
106 
176 
601 

63 

80 

42  . 


Dutchess  county — Continued. 

Philipstown 

Poughkeepsie 

Rhine  beck 

Southeast 

Washington 


Kings  county. 


Brooklyn 

Bushwick 

Flatbush 

Flatlands 

Gravesend 

New  Utrecht. 


Montgomery  county. 


Canajoharie 

Caughnawaga.. 

Chemung 

Chenango 

German  Flatts. 

Harpersfield 

Herkimer 

Mohawk  

Otsego 

Palatine 

Whites 


New  York  city  and  county. . 


New  York  city 

Dock  ward 

East  ward 

Montgomery  ward . 

North  ward 

Out  ward 

South  ward 

West  ward 

Harlem  division 


Ontario  county . 


1,656 
540 
941 
423 

426 
563 

28,852 


2,079 
2,529 
3,662 
921 
5,190 

4,549 


6.155 
4.261 
2,396 
45 
1,307 
1,726 
1,525 
4,440 
1.702 
3.404 
1,891 

33.111  i 


32.305 
1,895 
3.766 
6.825 
5,557 
5,651 
1.767 
6,844 
806 

1,074 


Canandaigua 464 

Erwin... 168 

Genesee 343 

Jerusalem 99 

Orange  county 18,477 


Goshen 2,447 

Haverstraw I  4,824 

Minisink 2.216 

New  Cornwall 4.228 

Orange 1,163 

Warwick ,  3, 599 


517 
617 
875 
231 
1,267 

903 


362 
123 
160 


7,866 


1.647 

1,128 

649 

13 

354 

524 

406 

1,088 

563 

805 

689 

8,482 


8,310 
455 
966 
1,764 
1,407 
1,484 

451  I 

1,783  I 

172  I 

524 


593 
573 
756 
241 
,295 

703 


260 
69 

153 
71 
69 
81 

,205 


1.538 

1,068 

648 

12 

301 

424 

388 

1,141 

427 

815 

443 

5,900 


942 

2 

1.092 

40 

1.544 

66 

4.33 

3 

2,495 

53 

1.415 

46 

565 
172 
238 
143 
129 
168 

13,152 


2,868 

1.928 

1,091 

20 

630 

772 

722 

2,092 

698 

1,582 

749 

15.237 


5.790 

307 

593 

1.248 

i      955 

I  1.092 

I       324 

I  1.271 

I      110 

192 


291 

60 

.56 

36 

140 

74 

37 

22 

4,596  I  4.334 


14.943 

854 

1.611 

3.159 

2.632 

2,629 

822 

3,236 

294 

342 


10 


1,078 

45 

82 

281 

232 

178 

55 

185 

41 


111 
69 

122 
40 


8.3S5  I      201< 


616 
1,190 

552 
1,081 

288 


518 
1.173 

546 
1.030 

173 

892 


1.042 
2.207 
1.050 
1.908 
476 
1.702 


2a 

207 

421 

13 

78 

1.482 


435 

171 
378 
137 
135 
206 


96 

133 

7 


20 

6 

8 

111 

8 
192 

7 


1,119         2,37 


2,184 
234 
514 
373 
311 
26S 
115 

see 

189 
10 


961 


212 
23S 
51 

167 
19S 
95 


'Not  letamed  by  towns. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


195 


Table  104.-P0PULATI0N  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 

Continued. 


NEW  YOKK-Contlnuad. 


\ 


COUNTT  AND  TOWN. 


Queens  county. 


Flushing 

Jamaica 

Newtown 

North  Hempstead. 

Ovstrr  Hay 

South  Uempstead. 


Richmond  county. 


Castle  ton.. 
Northtleld. 
Southtleld. 
Westfield.. 


Suffolk  county . 


■WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Total. 


Males. 


16.013 


1.008 
1,674 
2.109 
2.097 
4.097 
3,828 

3,827 


804 
1.021 

865 
1,137 

16,546 


Brookhaven 3.227 

Easthampton 1 .  497 

Huntington 3.306 

Islip 607 

Shelter  Island ,      201 

Smithtown I  1,024 

Sout  hampton 1  3. 402 

Southold I  3,222 

i 
Ulster  county 29.370 


Hiirlev I      847 

KinRston 3. 923 

Manakaling 1 .  703 

Marl'letown 2. 190 

if  ulilletown 1 ,  019 

Moiltpomerv 3.504 

New  MarlHorough 1  2.246 

New  I'altz 2,304 

New  Windsor I  1.819 

Newliurgh i  2.  .347 

Rochester 1 ,  628 


18    1         I  r'e- 

years  [Under  molea. 
years. 


and 
over. 


3,555 


325 
397 
421 
S£0 
949 
913 


2.863     6.468 


All 
other 
free 
per- 


819 


Slaves. 


COtJNTT  AXu  rtivnt. 


2.308 


229 
294 
353 


587 
697 
748 


442  I  1,026 
7.56  ;  1.707 
789  I  1,703 


747        753     1,445 


127 
65 
54 
172 
304 


178 
223 
151 
195 


172 
220 
139 
216 


314  I 
402  I 
306 
423 


3,787     3,294     7,229     1.131 


727 
354 
791 
132 
39 
195 
781 
768 

7.050 


017 

1.375  1 

275 

272 

673 

99 

763 

1.518 

75 

126 

246 

68 

.•» 

77 

23 

179 

371 

113 

653 

1,.M2  i 

280 

646 

1,427  1 

198 

6,783 

12,462  1 

161 

166 
902 
436 
492 
293 
898 
539 
512 
463 
610 
374 


129 
742 
491 
409 
259 
834 
607 
519 
417 
585 
321 


.306 

780 
840 
4IM) 
l.-WS 
1,027 
959 

ma 

1,083 
638 


TolaL 


.340 
221 
533 
507 
381 
320 

7", 


114 

135 
234 
272 

1.105 


2.13 
99 
219 
.•)5 
24 
106 
140 
183 


1 

245 

9 

721 

5 

51 

15 

374 

1 

6 

18 

236 

15 

58 

12 

302 

17 

117 

12 

57 

14 

281 

Ulster  county— TonllniiM. 

Shewangunk 

Wallklll 

Woodstock 


'  2.123 
2..S71 
1,028 


Washington  coiuty 14.077 


i.XO 
2,242 

463 
1.703 
1.120 
1,080 
2,198 
2,111 

810 


Westchester  county 23,971 


Kingsi>ury... 
Qneensljury. 

Salem 

Westneld.... 
Whitehall.... 


Bedford .   2.470 

Cortlandl .    1,032 

Easlchester 741 

Oreenliurgh 1.367 

Harrison 1.007 

Mamaroneck ...  452 

Morrisania 133 

Mt.  I'leasant 1.926 

New  Uochelle 690 

North  Castle ;  2. 470 

North  Salem •  1,060 

Pelham I      199 

Toundridge 1,072 

Rve 9- 

Sa'lem l.-l 

Scarsdale 2^: 

Stephen 1.297 

Westchester 1.20.1 

White  Plains '     505 

Yonkers i  1,125 

York 1,009 


popruinou 
LV  17S0, 


and        " 


Fe- 


AU 

other 

free    '  Blarm. 

,   P«- 

I  sons. 


483 
604 

278 


3.616     3,7W|6,(e3| 


625 
583 
108 
406 
299 
201 
582 
543 
209 


291 
275 
573 
COO 
214 


529 
.54.) 
1,021 
V« 
385 


5,9.14     5.318   10.952 


618 
484 
174 
.324 
242 
lOS 

43 
501 
170 
607  I 
208 

45  I 


M.i 
279  ' 

i:« 

265 


98  I 

17 
422 
130 


212  I 
100 
220 
381 


4M  1 
171  I 
41 
911 
277 


1 

"i 
"i 

.3.V< 


38 
18 
2 

8 
26 
4.3 

1'. 
1 


14 

14 

11 

OIJ 

t 

421 

49 

218 

8 

4.W 

13  , 

771 

28 

349 

103 

IS 

46 

14 


08 
75 
121 
54 

57 
30 
84 
87 
29 
28 
38 


133 
19 
28 
38 

242 
49 

170 
40 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Bergen  county '  12.601||  2,865 


Bergin 

Franklin 

llackin-sack... 

Harrington 

N.  Ilarbadoes. 
Saddle  River.. 


12,601 


Burlington  coimty '18.095 


Burlington 

Chester 

Chesterfielil . . . , 

EvQQsham 

Little  Ecshar.. 

Mansfielii 

New  Hanover.. 
NorthainptOD.. 

Notintiliarn 

SprincfieM 

Willingboro'... 


18,095 


Cape-May  county 2,571 


Lower  Precinct 1 ' 

Middle  Precinct [|  2,571 

Upper  Precinct I ; 

Cumberland  county 8. 248 


Deorfleld 

Downs 

Fairfield 

Greenwich 

Hoivwell 

Maurice  River. 
Stowenuk 


Essex  cotmty . 


Acquacknack.. 
Eli7.al)ethtown. 
Newark 


8,248 


17.785   i  4, 


2,865 


4,625 


4,625 


631 


631 
2,147 


2,147 


17,785  ,:  4,339 


2,299  '  4,944         192  .      2,301 


2,299 


4.164 


4,944 


8,481 


4,164 


609 


8,481 


1.178 


1,176 

3,877 


1,966 


3,972 


3,877 


8,143 


192        2.301 


598 


598 


14 

138 


227 


141 


120 


138 


160 


3,972!  8,143  I      160 


Gloucester  county . 


120 


1.171 


Depttord 

Eggharbor 

Galloway 

Glou  town 

Glou.  townsb. 

Greenwich 

Newtown 

Watcrford 

Woolwich 


Hunterdon  county. 


Alexandria. . 

Amwell 

Bethleham . . 

nopcwell 

Kinrwood . . . 
Maidenhead  . 

I.ebanon 

Readlngton.. 
Tewksbury.. 
Trenton 


Middlesex  county. 


13,361 


V.ISS 


13,363 


3,287 


3,287 


4.966 


3,311 


3,311 


6.232        342 


6,232 


4,379     9.316 


1.503  I 
5.201  ; 
1,335  ' 
2,320 
2, 446 
1,032 

4,370 

I.MS 


377 

1,249 

331 

579 
003 
237  I 

1,002 

496  I 


IS.956   ,  3.995  ; 


583   I 


1,171 


Amboy 

North  Hrunswick ■:■  '"■' 

PtSi-atjiwav 

South  .\inl>ov 

South  Ilrunawlck .    ■.■ 

Windsor 2.83* 

Woodbrldge 8,420 

Monmoutb  county 16,  ■ 

Dover 

Ix)wpr  Freehold 

Mlddletown 

Shrewslmry i.    - 

SlafTord i     N>i 

Upper-Freehold 3.442 


149 

038 
-.37 
'12 


108 
456 
514 
597 


246 

,010 

982 

1,190 


191 


401 

685 

1,173 

2.480 

16 

329 

043 

1 

448 

1,041 

19 

674 

1, 101 

4 

189 

432 

14 

919 

2,033 

58 

346 

841 

79 

3.375 

7.128 

140 

31  I 
3  I 
10  I 


191 


1.301 


31 
233 
104 

leo 


183 
1.318 


48 
206 
218 
183 


439 

301 

789 

10 

318 

I  719 

II  871 

5<-.5 

1.318 

46 

190 

774 

1,587 

33 

25« 

•".78 

7,448 

353 

1.S9S 

Jll 

4--J 

6 
13 
63 
1«S 

14 
07 
491 
212 

21V 

■^i 

441 

3 

703 

1 

780 

1,532 

108 

2S0 

196 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 

Continued. 


NEW  JEK8BY— Continued. 


Total. 

WHITE   POPUL.\TION 
IN   1790. 

All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 

Slaves. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Total. 

■WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 

All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Slaves. 

16 
years 
and 
over. 

Under 

16 
years. 

16 
years 
and 
over. 

Under 

16 
years. 

16,216 

4,092 

3,938 

7,502 

4S 

636 

Somerset  county— Continued. 

2,578 
2,068 
2,201 
1,875 

19,500 

586 
481 
463 
413 

4,963 

462 
298 
465 
345 

4,939 

1,119 
795 
868 
744 

9,094 

34 
26 
19 
66 

65 

377 

16,216 
10,437 

4,092 
2,679 

3,938 
2,396 

7,502 
4,816 

48 
374 

636 
172 

Eastern  Precinct 

468 

Mendham 

Morristown 

Pequanack 

Eoxbury 

Hillsliorough 

386 

Western  Precinct 

317 

Sussex  county 

439 

2,035 

6,490 

2,393 

1,9.37 

1,482 

543 

1,905 

519 

490 

1,700 

507 

1,641 

610 
488 
377 
150 
471 
131 
129 
459 

SIO 

1,681 

637 
490 
368 
124 
468 
122 
102 
437 

944 

3,023 

1,110 
935 
700 
241 
892 
239 
233 
777 

10 

16 

10 
11 
2 
3 
9 
1 
2 
1 

04 

Hardwicke 

Independance \ 

Newton 

10,437 
12,296 

2,079 
2,819 

2.396 
2,390 

4,816 
5,130 

374 
147 

172 
1,810 

129 

26 

Knowlton 

13 

Mansfield 

Montague 

O.xford 

Sandvston 

Wallpack 

35 

25 

65 

26 

30 

26 

Somerset  county 

Bedminster           

1,197 
2,377 

275 
601 

260 
560 

489 
1,115 

4 
8 

169 
93 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


Allegheny  county 10, 203 


Depreciation  tract. 

Elizabeth 

Pitt. 


Pittsburgh  town 

Plum 

Versailles 

That  part  of  Allegheny  county  talien 
from  Washington  county 


Bedford  county  i 
Berks  county... 


Albany 

Alsace 

Amity 

Bern 

Bethel 

Breckiioek 

Brunswick  and  Manhelm 

Caernarvon 

Colebrookdalc 

Cumru 

Douglass 

Earl 

East  District 

Exeter 

G  reen  wich 

Heidelberg 

Hereford 

Longswamp 

Maiden  Creek 

Manheim  (see  Brunswick  and  Man- 
heim). 

Maxatany 

Oley 

Pinegrove 

Reading  borough 

Richmond 

Robeson 

Rockland 

Ruscomb 

Tulpehocken 

Union 

Windsor 


Bucks  county. 
Chester  county. 


Birmingham.* 

Brandy  wine 

Charlestown 

Coventry 

East  Bradford 

East  Cain 

East  Fallowfield.. 
East  Marlborough . 
East  Nan tmill 


206 
1,498 
1,468 
376 
402 
414 

5,839 

13, 132 

30, 189 


773 
836 
809 

2,268 
950 
324 

1,504 
509 
553 

1,460 
480 
527 
634 
893 
724 

2,095 
969 
739 
735 


1,022 
973 
900 

2,225 
654 

1,088 
744 
472 

2,315 
704 

1,200 

25,216 
27, 829 


221 

740 

1,260 

1,168 

836 

702 

517 

811 

1,1S4 


50 
368 
380 
100 
104 


1,428 

2,887 
7,711 


191 
207 
229 
528 
234 
78 
368 
137 
149 
371 
123 
136 
150 
236 
187 
528 
240 
185 
205 


274 
267 
214 
583 
190 
289 
199 
119 
603 
182 
309 

6,529 

7,486 


58 
214 
319 
308 
221 
191 
141 
220 
281 


2,  745  4, 763 


59 
398 
365 

80 
105 
114 

1,624 

3,840 


180 
226 
215 
651 
234 
85 
399 
123 
135 
363 
120 
130 
166 
215 
164 
511 
236 
194 
168 


241 
217 
251 
512 
160 
270 
184 
121 
553 
109 
340 

5,894 

6,590 


53 
178 
312 
271 
226 
158 
136 
183 
298 


97 
711 
681 
195 
192 
203 

2,684 

6,325 

14, 666 


402 
400 
413 

1,069 
481 
161 
736 
240 
205 
706 
230 
252 
313 
432 
373 

1,026 
489 
359 
353 


469 
435 

1,118 
291 
514 
358 
228 

1,123 
334 


11,951 
13,065 


109 
343 
682 
545 
378 
329 
239 
388 
546 


34 
201 


581 
544 


159 


3 

11 

1 

18 

2 

1 

1 

S 

4 

4 

10 

6 

1 

2 

1 

5 

3 

7 

24 

6 

3 

1 

1 

9 

9 

16 

4 

3 

9 

9 

4 

8 

1 

3 

4 

21 

15 

16 

3 

7 

261 

144 


Chester  county — Continued. 

East  Nottingham 

East  Town 

East  Whiteland 

Fallowfield 

Goshen 

Honeybrook 

Kennet 

London  Britain 

Londonderry 

Londongrove 

New  Garden 

New  London 

Newlin 

Oxford 

Pennsbiiry 

Pikeland 

Sadsbury 

Thornburv 

Tredi£frin'. 

U  wchland 

Vincent 

West  Bradford 

West  Cain 

West  Marlborough 

West  Nantmill 

\\'est  Nottingham 

West  Town 

West  \\'hiteland 

Willistown 


Cumberland  county. 

Hopewell 

Newton 

Tyborn 

Westpensboro 

Eastern  portion  of  county. 


Dauphin  county. 


Harrisburgh  town 

Lebanon  town 

Remainder  of  county. 


Delaware  eoimty . 


Ashton 

Bethel 

Birmingham 

Chester 

Concord 

Darby 

Edgmont 

Haverford 

Lower  Chichester. . 
Lower  Providence. 

Mangle 

Middletown 

Newtown 

Radnor 

Ridley 


820 
423 
491 
792 

1,272 
794 
058 
247 
588 
786 
742 
746 
534 

1,004 
595 
817 
607 
123 
988 
976 

1,230 
723 
840 
678 
903 
432 
366 
457 


18,208 


7,599 

10,609 
18,1,W 


880 

960 

16,315 


444 
224 
428 
673 
674 
641 
437 
465 
501 
216 
471 
582 
451 
681 
502 


221 
113 
136 
229 
359 
193 
180 

70 
103 
203 
191 
211 
120 
277 
145 
185 
168 

40 
277 
258 
339 
182 
229 
208 
294 
102 

95 
118 
221 


1,991 

2,825 
4,651 


259 

245 

4,147 

2,530 

114 
50 
98 
200 
168 
168 
104 
130 
135 
68 
120 
167 
126 
191 
137 


195 
111 
114 
159 
272 
205 
164 

50 
132 
203 
186 
164 
147 
226 
150 
221 
143 

27 
217 
221 
274 
195 
214 
144 
177 
110 

74 
106 
174 


2,647 
4,434 


184 

240 

4,010 


107 
67 
109 
128 
160 
137 
106 
102 
94 
50 
105 
127 
101 
164 
106 


390 
197 
219 
384 
604 
380 
298 
107 
282 
370 
349 
333 
260 
465 
286 
392 
281 
51 
466 
465 
609 
337 
394 
309 
414 
197 
179 
213 
375 

8,449 


3,550 

4,899 
8,801 


411 

471 

7,919 


210 
99 
202 
323 
305 
313 
213 
218 
257 
97 
235 
265 
218 
320 
229 


93 
113 


'  Not  returned  by  townships. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  197 

TA....K  lOl.-POPULATIONASREPORTEDATTUEFIRSTCENSLS.BYCOUXTIESANDMIXOK.IVIl.I.IVISinNS    ,790- 

Continueil. 


PENNSYLVANIA-Conllnued. 


CODNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Delaware  county — Continued. 

Springfield 

Tnorniiury 

Tinicum 

Upper  Chiciiester 

Upper  Darby 

Upper  Providence 


Fayette  county . 


WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Total. 


Males. 


IH 
years 
and 
over. 


335 
401 
138 
265 
571 
349 


99 
4G 
6C 
104 
90 


13,318      3,415 


Bullskin 

Kr!:nl<lia 

Georges 

Gennan 

Luzenio 

Menalltm 

Springhill... 

Tyrone 

Union 

Washintrton. 
Wharton 


Franklin  county. 


Fannet 

Hamilton 

Letterkcnney 

Monlgoinery 

Petera 

Remainder  o(  county . 


IIuDtingdon  county ' 
Lancaster  county. . . 


7,212 

8,450 

7,558 

3C,0S1 


Bart 

Brecknock-. 
Caernarvon . 

Cocalico 

Colerain 

Cones  togo... 

Donegal 

Drurnore 

Earl. 


Elizabeth 

Elizabetli  town 

lieidelhcrg 

Ilenipfield 

LampeltT 

Lancaster 

Lancaster  borough. 

Leacock 

Little  Hritain 

Maiiheiin 

Manheim  town 

Manor 

Martiek 

May  town 

Mountjoy 

Ranho 

Saashury 

Sallshurj- 

Straslnirg 

Warwick 


Luzerne  county  i 
Mlfllln  county... 


That  portion   south   of  the   river 

Juniata 

Remainder  of  county 


2.187 
5,375 


Montgomery  county 22,918 


754 

854 
,.371 

299 

;u3 

bC8 
,321 

730 
,538 
,241 

429 


15,602 


192 
443 
350 
319 
2S5 
439 
325 
210 
424 
319 
109 

4,021 


1,862 

2,159 
1,871 
9,714 


7,562 


Ablnpton 

Cheltenham 

Manor  of  Moreland 

Springfield 

Remainder  of  county . 


Northampton  county. 

Allen 

Bethlehem 

Chestnut  Hill 

Cosiktoii  Distiict 

Delawam 

Easton  town 

Forks 

Hamilton 


76292—09- 


881 

020 

1,283 

446 

19,688 

24,238 


214 
142 
168 
767 
196 
280 
155 
310 
670 
147 
52 
21 
4':o 
447 
93 
1,049 
395 
357 
215 
108 
414 
374 
314 
230 
469 
203 
307 
510 
595 

1,237 

1,954 


380 
I  1,368 

6.001 


I    Fo- 
under males. 

16 
years. 


72 
92 
27 
63 
113 
79 

3,420 


142 
198 
58 
132 
282 
178 

6,155 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


186 
488 
339 
355 
281 
442 
330 
183 
360 
311 
125 

3,874 


1,838 

2,036 
2,089 
8,067 


218 
101 
183 
714 
»5 
284 
HI 
189 
717 
120 

42 

19 
378 
3X 

la 
790 
290 
271 
192 

73 
3S0 
280 
256 
172 
316 
151 
291 
376 
619 

1,328 

1,935 


350 
881 
658 
622 
515 
737 
620 
316 
717 
532 
193 


3,230 

3,932 
3,531 
17,411 


421 

326 
348 
1,539 
321 
514 
247 

4r« 

1,500 
273 
102 
29 
776 
730 
139 

1.S30 
0.S3 
589 
372 
184 
798 
614 
521 
430 
784 
340 
612 
781 

1,130 

2,303 
3.552 


357     1.030 
1,398     2,522 

5,382   10,982 


265 

177 

103 

1.18 

3:5 

273 

121 

95 

5,107 

4,699 

6,007 

6,404 

424 
272 

222 

9,476 


279 


134 

145 

24 

542 


Slaves. 


440 


10 

45 

60 

8 

317 

132 


282 


32S 


148 

178 

4:t 

347 


15 

5 

7 

36 

29 

3 

3 

7 

10 

10 

20 

34 

137 

20 

5 

1 

4 

1 

1 
S7 

42  I 
1 


59 


113 


20 


COtTNTY  ANP  TOWS. 


Northampton  county — Cont'd. 

neldelberg 

Lehigh ; 

I/Owor  Moimt  Bethel 

Lower  Saiicon 

Lower  Smlthfleld 

LowhIII 

L)-nn 

Macunge 

More 

Nazareth 

Penn 

Plalnfleld 

Salisbury 

Towamensln  k 

Up|>er  Mlllord 

I'ppor  .Mount  Bethel 

Upj.'or  S;iiipon 

Vjiwr  Smilhnejd 

\\  alli-n  I'apack 

Wf'Nenberch 

Whllrhall 

Williams 


Northumberland  county! 17,147     4,191     4,729     8,051 


WIirrE   POPULATIIJK 
IN  1790. 


Total., 


628 

806 

997 
1,436 

419 
1,016 
l,2ta 

732 

889 

007 

886 
1.010 

393 
I.H9 
l.OiO 

S.51 

3.')2 

170    ! 

02<; 

l,2.'3    I 

728  li 


16 
yearn 
and 
over. 


244 

140 
230 
2i;8 
359 
97 
225 
3;i5 
W 
2.U 
151 
193 

aw 
102 

273 
2.'H 
200 
101 
44 
1.13 
266 
187 


ll 


F»- 

Under  malM. 

10     i 
yean. 


2.S4 
IM 
211 
222 
3('>4 
115 
308 
XW 
170 
231 
167 
245 
248 
97 
279 
301 
255 
94 
43 
\K 
394 
208 


404 
299 

453 

489 
B47 
208 
483 

598 
382 
403 
287 
448 

Ha 

19S 
S»7 
478 
398 
155 
82 
297 
fits 
325 


Philadelphia  county 154, 388  [  14, 497   10. 896  28, 523 


All 
other 
free 
P«- 

SODS. 


89 
2,099 


Slavai. 


1 

1 

18 

59 

7 

1 

1 

I 

3 

2 

1 

S 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

244 
191 
148 
752 
149 
318 
93 
377 
2,  .M7 
258 


205 
1.4WI 
7,739 


Blockley 883 

Bristol 723 

Byberry I      586 

Gprmantown  town 2, 760 

Ki  ngsossi  ng 542 

Lowir  Dublin 1,267 

M;mor  of  Moreland 376 

Moyamen.siiig  and  Passyunk 1,393 

Northern  Liberties  town 9,907 

Oxford 979  ' 

rass>nink.    (See  Moyameoslng  and  { 

Passyunk.) 

Uoxlio'rough 778 

Soulhwark ;  5,frf"3 

Philadclnhiacity ]28,.122 

Nortnoni  district  (l>etwoen  Vine 
and  Uace  streets  from  the  Del- 
aware to  the  Schuylkill) '3,938      1,048 

Middle  district  (from  the  north 
side  of  Chestnut  street  to  liji- 
south  side  of  Kacestriet  from 
the  Delaware  to  the  Schuyl- 
kill)  13,874  ;   3,855 

Southern     district     (from    the  I  < 

south  side  of  Chestnut  strtet  | 
to  the  north  side  of  South 
street  from  the  Delaware  to 
the  Schuylkill) 10,910-    3,038 

Washington  county  > 23,802  ,  5,333 

Westmoreland  county 16,019     4,013 


179 
179 
141 
507 
107 
283 
79 
299 
2,a)« 
21s 


434 
311 
278 

1,394 
225 
610 
181 
6K2 

4,884 
483 


220  350 
.141  2.  MM 
1,270    13.883 


733 


2,823 


2,045 


8,713 


1,914  6,12{ 
7,279  11,005 
4,350     7.48D 


Armstrong 

Derry 

Donegal 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

French  Creek , 

Flemptleld , 

Mount  Pleasant 

North  Huntingdon.. 

Itostraver 

Salem 

South  Huntingdon.. 

Unity 

Washington 

Wheatlleld 


York  county. 


4.Tli 

382 

352 

9(10 

258 

110 

709 

1      130 

•222 

.127 

!     99 

88 

421 

no 

104 

70S 

173 

170 

741 

175 

217 

595 

143 

179 

717  I 

537 

337    . 

139 

201 

349 

343 

272 


1 

6 : 
n 
4 

1 


Cbonccford... 

Codonis 

Dover 

Fawn 

Ilellam 

llot)e\veII 

Manchester. . 
Monaghan . . . 

Newheny 

Paradise 

Reading 

Shrewsbury . 


4.^2 
823 
727  I 
6.19 

778 ; 

93  ! 
200 

a'>9 


386 


3H> 

399 
191 
147 
207 
50 
534 


19> 
98 


137,335      9,171 


403 
434 

1.S3 
170 
210 
13 
621 
304 
42S 
290 
197 
467 
352 
184 
103 


647 
778 
353 
311 
300 
24 
1.032 
474 
763 
495 
387 
772 
S79 
323 
183 


9,409    17,342 


l.ivoi 


1, 

1 
1    • 

1, 

»7s 
1,258 


4'.: 


21'J 
300  I 


247  . 
337  I 


433 
579 


22 
19 
13 
21 
54 
57 
15 
27 
219 
28 


2 

204 

1,420 


85 


812 


733 
12 


35 
17 
15 
IS 
38 
18 
7» 
61 
13 
30 

27! 


'  Not  returned  by  townships. 


87 
373 


4 

3 
8 
S 
7 
19 
8 
8 
81 
17 


1 

24 
210 


27 


112 
283 
128 


8 
9 
17 
48 
4 
14 
« 
1 


as 


37 
13 


« 

7 
U 
13 
U 


4 

25 
U 


-:i 


198 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 

Continued. 

PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. 


COUNTT  AND  TOWN. 


WHITE   POPULATION 
IN   1790. 


Total. 


York  county— Continued. 

Warrington 1 ,  469 

Windsor 1 .  ■'■'7 

York- I  1.3S1 

York  borough l  2,076 

Huntington,    Manallen,    Manheim,  | 
and  Tyrone I  4,669 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


342 
336 
288 
462 


Under 

10 
years. 


374 
395 
385 
451 


Fe- 
males. 


702 

705 

064 

1,008 

2,206 


All 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


43 

8 

34 

125 


Slaves. 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


York  county — Continued. 
Berwick,  Cuniljeriand,  Franklin, 
Germany,  Hamiltonban,  Heidel- 
berg, Moimt  Pleasant,  Mountjoy, 
and  Straban 


Total. 


9,800 


WHITE  POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Males. 


years 
and 


2,551 


Under 

10 
years. 


2,376 


Fe- 
males. 


All 
Other 

free    I  Slaves. 

per- 
sons. 


DELAWARE. 


Kent 

New-Castle.. 


18,920 
19,688 


3,705 
3,973 


3,467 

4,747 


6,878 
7,767 


2,570 
639 


2,300 
2,562 


Sussex . 


20,488 


4,105 


3,929 


7,739 


MARYLAND. 


Allegany  county 

Ann-.\rundel  county 

Baltimore  county 

Baltimore  town  and  precincts. 

Calvert  coimty 

Charles  county 

Frederick  county 

Harford  county 

Montgomery  county 

Prince  Georges  county 

St.  Marys  coimty 


212,089 

38,573  35,748  '69,187 

4,136 

64,445 

4,809 

1,068 

1,283 

2,188 

12 

258 

22,598 

3,142 

2,850 

5,072 

804 

10,130 

25,434 

5,184 

4.068 

9,101 

604 

5,877 

13,503 

3,806 

2,550 

5,503 

323 

1,255 

8,652 

1,091 

1,109 

2,011 

136 

4,305 

20,613 

2,565 

2,399 

5,100 

404 

10,085 

30,791 

7,010 

7,016 

12,911 

213 

3,641 

14,976 

2,872 

2,812 

5,100 

775 

3,417 

18,003 

3,284 

2,746 

5,049 

294 

6,030 

21,344 

2,053 

2,. 503 

4,848 

164 

11,176 

15,544 

2,100 

1,943 

4,173 

343 

6,985 

Western  shore— Continued. 
Washington  county 


Eastern  shore.. 

Caroline  county 

Cecil  county, . ." 

Dorchester'county. . . 

Kent  county 

Queen  Anns  county.. 

Somersett  county 

Talbot  county..'- 

Worcester  county 


.15,822  ! 
.' 107.639 


9,506 

13,625 

15,875 

12,836 

15,463 

15,610 

13,084 

11.640 

3,738 
17,342 


1,812 
2,847 
2,541 
1,876 
2,158 
2,185 
1,938 
1,985 


3,863     6,871 
15,59132,208 


1,727 
2,377 
2,430 
1,547 
1,974 
1,908 
1,712 
1,916 


3,489 
4,831 
5,039 
3,325 
4,039 
4.179 
3,581 
3,725 


64 
3,907 


421 
163 
528 
655 
618 
268 
1,076 
178 


VIRGINIA. 


Accomack 

Albemarle 

Amelia,  including  Nottoway,  a  new 

county 

Amherst 

Augusta,  the  part  east  of  the  North 

mountain \ , 

Part  west  of  do j 

Bedford 

Berkley 

Botetourt,  as  it  stood  previous  to  the 

formation  of  ^\'ytne  from  it  & 

Montg'ry 

Brunswick 

Buckingham 

Campbell 

Caroline 

Charles-City 

Charlotte 

Chesterfield 

Culpeper 

Cumberland .  .• 

Dinwiddle 

Elizabeth-City 

Essex 

Fairfax 

Fauquier 

Fluvanna 

Franklin 

Frederick  division \  . 

Ditto P 

Gloucester 

Goochland 

Greenbrier,    including   Kanawa,   a 

new  county 

Greensville 

Halifax 

Hampshire 

Hanover 

Hardy 

Harrison 

Henrico 

Henrv 

Isle  of  Wight 


13,959 

2,297 

2,177 

4,602 

721 

4,262 

12,585 

1,703 

1,790 

3,342 

171 

5,579 

18,097 

1,709 

1,697 

3,278 

106 

11,307 

13,703 

2,056 

2,235 

3,995 

121 

5,296 

10,886 

12,048 
t    551 

1,665 
572 

3,438 
986 

40 
19 

1,222 
345 

10.531 

l.TSS 

2.266 

3.074 

52 

2,754 

19,713 

4,253 

4,547 

7,850 

131 

2,932 

10.524 

2,247 

2,562 

4,432 

24 

1.259 

12,827 

1,472 

1,529 

2,918 

132 

6,776 

9,779 

1,274 

1,537 

2,685 

115 

4, 108 

7,685 

1,236 

1,347 

2,363 

251 

2,488 

17,489 

1,799 

1,731 

3.464 

203 

10, 292 

5,588 

532 

509 

1,043 

363 

3,141 

10,078 

1,285 

1,379 

2.535 

63 

4,816 

14,214 

1,652 

1,557 

3.149 

369 

7,487 

22, 105 

3,372 

3,755 

6,682 

70 

8,226 

8,153 

885 

914 

1,778 

142 

4,434 

13,934 

1,790 

1,396 

2,853 

561 

7,334 

3,450 

390 

388 

778 

18 

1,876 

9.122 

908 

869 

1,766 

139 

5,440 

12,320 

2,138 

1,872 

3,601 

135 

4,574 

17. 892 

2,674 

2,983 

5,500 

93 

6,642 

3.921 

589 

654 

1,187 

25 

1,466 

6,842 

1.206 

1,629 

2,840 

34 

1,073 

19,681 

11.757 

1,053 

3.041 

49 

1,319 

12,078 

2,517 

4,269 

67 

2,931 

13,498 

1,597 

1,.')23 

3,105 

210 

7,063 

9,053 

1,028 

1,059 

2,053 

257 

4,656 

6,015 

1,403 

1, 574 

2,639 

20 

319 

6,362 

609 

627 

1,234 

212 

3.620 

14, 722 

2,214 

2.320 

4,397 

228 

6,565 

7,346 

1,  062 

1,956 

3.261 

13 

454 

14,754 

1,037 

1,412 

3,242 

249 

8,223 

7,336 

1,108 

2,256 

3,192 

411 

369 

2,080 

487 

579 

947 

67 

12,000 

1,823 

1,170 

2,607 

581 

5,819 

8,479 

1,523 

1,963 

3,277 

165 

1,.551 

9,028 

1,208 

1, 103 

2,415 

375 

3,807 

James  City 

King  George 

King  &  Queen 

King  William 

Lancaster 

Loudon 

Louisa 

Lunenburg 

Mecklenburg 

Middlesex 

Monongalia 

Montgomery,  as  it  stood  previous  to 
the  foniialion  of  Wythe  from  it 
and  Botetourt 

Nansemond 

New-Kent 

Norfolk 

Northampton 

Northumberland 

Ohio 

Orange 

Pendleton 

Pittsylvania 

Powhatan 

Prince  Edward 

Prince  George 

Princess  Anne 

Prince  William 

Randolph 

Richmond 

Rockbridge 

Rockingham 

Russell 

Shannandoah 

Southampton 

Spotsylvania 

Stafford 

Surry 

Sussex 

Warwick 

Washington 

Westmoreland 

York 


4,070 

395 

359 

765 

146 

7,366 

757 

781 

1,585 

86 

9,377 

995 

1,026 

2,138 

75 

8,128 

723 

732 

1,438 

84 

5,038 

535 

642 

1,182 

143 

IS,  902 

3,077 

3,992 

7,080 

183 

8, 407 

957 

1,024 

1,899 

14 

8,959 

1,110 

1,185 

2,252 

80 

14, 733 

1,8.57 

2,015 

3,083 

416 

4,140 

407 

370 

754 

51 

4,768 

1,089 

1,345 

2,168 

12 

13, 228 

2,846 

3.744 

5,804 

6 

9,010 

1,215 

1, 167 

2,331 

480 

6,239 

605 

587 

1,199 

.148 

14, 524 

2,650 

1,987 

4,291 

251 

6,889 

857 

743 

1.581 

464 

9,1(3 

1,046 

1,137 

2,323 

197 

5,212 

1,222 

1.377 

2,308 

24 

9,621 

1,317 

1,426 

2,093 

64 

2,  452 

508 

686 

1,124 

1 

11,579 

2,008 

2,447 

4,083 

62 

6.822 

623 

548 

1,115 

211 

8,100 

1,044 

1,077 

1,961 

32 

8,173 

965 

822 

1.600 

267 

7,793 

1,109 

1.151 

2.207 

64 

11,615 

1,044 

1,797 

3,303 

167 

951 

221 

270 

441 

6,985 

704 

697 

1.517 

83 

6,548 

1,517 

1,552 

2.  7.56 

41 

7,449 

1,816 

1,652 

3,209 

3,338 

734 

969 

1,440 

5 

10,510 

2,409 

2,779 

4,791 

19 

12,  804 

1,032 

1,540 

3,134 

559 

11,252 

1,301 

1,278 

2,632 

148 

9,588 

1,341 

l,3.i5 

2.  769 

87 

6,227 

732 

651 

1.379 

368 

10, 549 

1,215 

1,174 

2,382 

391 

1,690 

176 

15.S 

333 

33 

5,025 

1,287 

1, 440 

2.440 

8 

7,722 

815 

754 

1,614 

114 

5,233 

530 

461 

1,124 

358 

GENERAL  TABLES. 

Table  104.-POPULATI0N  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  riVII.  DIVTSTnXS 

Continued. 


199 

1790— 


NOHTH    CAROUMA. 


DISTKICT,  COUNTY,  AND  TOWN. 


Total. 


Eden  ton  district. 


53,769 


Bertie  c  oiinty 

Camden  county 

Chunan cotuity , excluding  Edenton 

town 

Eden  Ion  town 

Currituelc  county 

Gates  county 

Hertford  county 

l*asq(iotanlc  county 

I 'erqulinans  count y 

Tyrrell  county 


12,462 
4,022 

3,413 
1,575 
5,220 
6,386 
5,949 
5,477 
5,439 
4,826 


Fayette  district '34,393 


5,235 

7,195 
1,535 
3,870 
5,053 
5,343 
6,1G2 

Ilaiifa.x  district 64,848 


Anson  county 

Cumberland  county, excluding  Fay- 

etteville  town 

Fayetteville  town 

Moore  county 

Kichniond  county 

Rol)eson  county 

Sampson  county 


EdRecoinbe  county 10,265 

Franklin  county 7,502 

Halifax  county,  inciudlng  Halifax 

town 14,310 

Martin  county i  6,010 

■■    '  7,3!i0 

9,992 
9,379 


Nash  county. 
Norttianipton  county. 
Warren  county 


Hillsborough  district 69,971 


Caswell  county! 

Caswell  district 

Gioiiee.ster  district 

Nash  district 

Richmond  district 

St.  David's  district 

St.  James  district 

St.  Lawrence  district 

St.  Lukes  district 

Chatham  tounty 

Granville  county  i 

.\brahani's  I'lains  district. 

Beaver  Dam  district 

Dutch  district 

EpplnR  Forest  district 

Fishing  Creek  district 

Fort  Creek  district 

Goshen  district 

Henderson  district 

Island  Creek  district 

Knap  of  I^eeds  district 

Oxford  district 

Kaeiaml  district 

Tabb's  Creek  district 

Tar  Uiver  district 

Orange  county' 

Caswell  district 

Chatham  district 

Hlllsboro  district 

Hiilsboro  town 

Orange  district 

St.  .\saph's  district 

St.  Mark's  district 

St.  Marv's  district 

St.  Thomas'  district 

Randolph  county 

Wake  county 

Morgan  district 


10,096 


9,161 
10,982 


12,216 


7,318 
10,198 


33,317 


Burke  raimt  y '  8, 106 

First  cotnpany 833 

Second  company j      525 


Third  company.  __ 
Fourth  compaiiy... 

Fifth  company 

Sixth  company 

Seventh  company. 
Eighth  company.. 


607 
441 
596 
677 
631 
685 


WHITE  POPULATION 

IN  1790. 


Males. 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


8,405 


1,719 
725 

457 
181 
1,018 
790 
813 
951 
884 
867 

7,111 


Under 

16 
years 


8,053 


1,802 
754 

438 
113 

1,024 
772 
824 

1,035 
921 
970 


Fe- 
males. 


10,510 


All 
other 

free 
per- 
sons. 


1,048 


3,442   378 
1,476    30 


865 
306 
1,960 
1,514 
1,632 
1,804 
1,714 
1,798 


7,324  13,677 


1,035 

1,183 

1,458 

1,366 

394 

195 

850 

965 

1,096 

1,205 

1,1. W 

l.l.tS 

1,146 

1,272 

9,215 

10,130 

2,147 

2,656 
398 
1,672 
2,114 
2,263 
2,427 

18,610 


1,663 
1,076 

1,873 
1,067 
(  1,134 
1,.'«5 
1,067 

10,937 


1,801 


1,761 
1,581 


2,433 


1,590 
1,771 


6.953 


1,878 
1,381 

1,826 
1,010 
1,434 
1,283 
1,318 


12,903  21,980 


3,487 
2,307 

3,471 
2,008 
2,021 
2,502 
2,214 


2,110     3,377 


2,168     3,664 
1,873     3,050 


2,70V     4,913 


1,952 
2,091 


3,292 
3,684 

14,961 


7 
34 

115 
93 

232 
87 
37 
36 


49 
34 
12 
56 
277 
140 

1,364 


70 
37 

443 

96 
193 
458 

67 

702 
72 


10 
315 


24 

180 


1,705 
169 
90 
120 
99 
r.>4 
141 
124 
150 


!,108 
216 
148 
15« 
129 
146 
lli9 
152 
183 


3,684 
356 
263 
248 
203 
275 
306 
268 
324 


Slaves. 


19,153 


5,121 
1,038 

1,646 
941 
1,103 
2,217 
2,448 
1,600 
1,883 
1,166 

5,673 


1,066 
514 
371 
683 
633 

1,177 

25,529 


3,167 
2,701 

6,697 
1,829 
2.008 
4,414 
4,713 

13,449 


2,736 


1,658 
4,163 


74 


182 


2,060 


460  { 
2,472 

2,617 


DISTRICT,  COUNTV,  AND  T<JWN. 


Morgan  district— Continued. 
Burke  county— Continued. 

Ninth  cohipany 

Tenth  company '..,.[ 

Eleventh  comj»any ,,[ 

Twelfth  coini>any 

Thirleentli  company ], 

Lincoln  i-ounty 

First  company 

S'-cond  company 

Third  company 

Fourth  company 

Fiftli  com()any [[ 

Sl.xth  company , 

Seventh  company 

Eighth  company , 

Ninth  company 

Tentii  company , 

Eleventh  company 

Twelfth  company 

Rutherford  .■uiliity 

First  company 

Second  company 

Thirti  company 

Fourth  company 

Fifth  com  puny 

Sixth  company 

Seventh  company 

Eighth  etimpany 

Ninth  company 

Teritti  com  puny 

Eleventh  company 

Twelfth  company 

Thirteenth  company 

Fourteenth  company 

Wilkes  county 

First  company 

Second  company 

Third  company 

Fourtli  company 

Fifth  company 

Sixtli  company 

Seventh  company 

Eighth  company 

Ninth  r-ompany 

Tenth  company 

Elevent  h  company 

Twelfth  company'. 

Thirteenth  company 

Fourteenth  company 

Fifteenth  company 

Sixteenth  company 


WHITE  POPllaTION 
LN    I7IW. 


Total. 


677 
4SB 
SSB 

481 
035 

1,240 
492 
509 
603 
733 
«02 

1,099 
736 
663 

1,427 
718 

1,010 
765  I 

r,»8 

673 
581 
390 
361 
603 
686 
514 
527 
684 
698 
965 
692 
368 
386 
i,1.17 
536 
609 
606 
641 
466 
601 
392 
319 
631 
488 
600 
443 
723 
377 
369 
558 


MalM. 


IS 
years 
and 
over. 


Newlwm  district 55. 083 


Beaufort  cotmty 5.405 

Carteret  coimty 3, 734 

Craven  county,  Including  Newbem 

town 10.474 

Dobbscounly 6,994 

II vde county 4.204 

Johnston  county 6.691 

Jones  county 4,796 

ritt  county 8.270 

Wayne  county 6. 1 15 


Salisbury  district. 


147 
»9 

133 

94 

215 

2,057 

no 

114 
118 
160 
130 
250 
170 
148 
318 
145 
202 
186 
1,576 
105 
110 
70 
70 
121 
127 
HI 
103 
119 
114 
186 
139 
•3 
108 
1,615 
111 
101 
100 
106 
88 
121 
76 
76 
118 
109 
109 
88 
152 
75 
78 
107 

9,595 


Under 

16 
yean 


910 
718 

1.710 
l,l('>4 

792 
1.040 

736 
1.461 
l,0t>4 


I 


66.927  ,14,003 


Guilford  county 

Iredell  c-ounty - 

.Mecklenburg  (Xjunty 

Mont  L'omery  county 

Kockdnghath  coiml'v 

Rowan  (x>unty.  Including  Sallsbiuy 

town 

Stokes  county 

Surry  county 


Wilmington  district |a6,0»7  H  3.053 


7.3K  I 
5.  *W  ! 
ll.SliO 
5,039 
6,211  j 

15.972 

n.ia 

7, 192 


1.615 
1. 118 
2,3IH 
»42 
1,188 

3.  .199 
1.846 
1,531 


Bladen  coimty 

Itnmsuick  county 

Duplin  -ounly 

New     Hanover   county.  Including 

Wilmington  town 

Onslow  county 


6.837 
5,427 


834 
807 


187 
12» 
119 
156 
222 
2,293 
124 
127 
140 
180 
167 
281 
174 
184 
308 
180 
227 
206 
2,119 
110 
147 
110 
99 
103 
192 
138 
154 
107 
105 
287 
209 
»3 
85 
2,2.W 
132 

im 

134 
157 
145 
169 
100 
105 
ISO 
132 
149 
122 
205 
96 
114 
179 

9,876 


Fe- 
male*, 


317 
213 
200 
217 
428 

4,041 
216 
229 
221 
349 
280 
494 
281 
303 
010 
333 
361 
306 

3,502 
218 
244 
150 
108 
291 
323 
230 
248 
287 
250 
431 
305 
163 
186 

3,734 
237 
268 
233 
266 
222 
291 
162 
128 
297 
224 
246 
199 
332 
188 
173 
269 

19.329 


All  : 
Other  I 

(ri'o     Slaves. 

per-  I 
sons. 


924 
709 

1,538 
1.283 

714 
1,177 

794 
1..V18 
1,219 

1.1,932 


1,821 
1,505 

3.226 
2,479 
1,518 
2.081 
1.541 
2.912 
2,246 

28.490 


1.807 
1.218 
2.563 
1,220 
1,411 


3.235 
2,223 
4,758 

2,a» 

2.48B 


3,R2S  6.902 
J.r.'J  .'I.IW 
1,71.3     .3,189 


4,062 

834 

398 
1,187 

702 
»41 


7.;w 


1.086 

778 

2,092 

1,490 
1,788 


26 
21 
41 
15 
70 
855 
« 

at 

18 
38 
16 
94 

no 

18 

191 

51 

230 

7 

609 

140 

80 

00 

24 

28 

44 

35 

20 

11 

00 

61 

39 

» 

8 

653 

65 

76 

36 

13 

II 

20 

M 

10 

60 

23 

90 

34 

.34 

18 

4 

3 


841  I     16,042 


128  I 
93 

337  I 
40 
37  I 
65 
70 
25 
40 

249 


27 
3 
07 
11 
10 

102 
13 
17 


1,622 
709 

3.r.63 
2.012 
1.143 
1  328 
l.i'>&5 
3.364 
1,540 

8.253 


610 
808 

1,008 
837 

1,113 

1.741 

77H 

on 


210  '    10.007 


l.rM) 
1..S1I 
l.:w> 

3.737 
1.747 


>  Names  taken  from  county  tax  Ibts. 


200 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  104. -POPULATION  AS  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790- 

Continued. 


SOUTH    CAROIillSrA. 


DISTRICT,  COUNTY,  ASD  PARISH.         TOtal. 


Beaufort  district ' 18, 753 

Camden  district 38,265 


Chester  county 

Claremont  county. 
Clarendon  county. 
Fairfield  county. .. 
Lancaster  county . . 
Richland  county.. 
York  county 


Charleston  district. 


6,866 
4,648 
2,392 
7. 623 
6,302 
3,930 
6,604 

.66,985 


Berkley  countv,  St.  Johns  parish |  5, 922 

Colleton  county,  St.  Johns  parish '  "'" 

Dorchester  county.  St.  Georges  par- 
ish  

Christ  Church  parish 

St.  .\ndre\vs  parish 

St.  Bartholomes  parish 

St.  James  Goose  Creek  parish 

St.  James  Santee  parish 

St.  Pauls  parish 

St.  Phillips  and  St.  Michaels  parish.. 
St.  Stephens  parish 


6,312 

4,299 
2,954 
2,947 

12,606 
2,787 
3,797 
3. 433 

16, 369 
2,733 


■WHITE    POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


Males. 


16 
years 
and 


Under 

16 
years. 


1,266 
6,941 


1,446 
517 
444 

1.336 

1,263 
.596 

1,360 


1,055 
8,694 


1,(;04 
841 
610 

1,874 

1,637 
710 

1,012 


5,060     3,177 


209 
209 

337 
156 
125 
625 
158 
140 

65 
2,810 

81 


152 
104 

311 
138 

71 
491 

79 
110 

48 
1,661 

45 


Fe- 
males. 


2,043 
13,607 


2,831 
1,080 
830 
2,929 
2.074 
1.173 
2.690 

7,165 


331 

272 

604 
272 
174 

1,017 
202 
187 
103 

3,718 
100 


AM 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


153 
168 


950 


SO 
22 

25 
11 
31 

135 
15 
15 
15 

586 
1 


14,236 
8,865 


938 
2,110 

602 
1,485 
1,370 
1,437 

923 

60, 633 


6,170 
4,705 

3,022 
2,377 
2,546 
10, 338 
2,333 
3,345 
3,202 
7,684 
2,606 


DISTRICT,  COUNTT.  AND  P.\RISH. 


Charleston  district- 
St.  Thomas  parish 


Cheraw  district  i 

Georgetown  district . 


All  Saints  parish 

Prince  Fredericks  parish . 
Prince  Georges  parish 


Total. 


3,836 
10,706 
22,122 


.;  2,  225 
.1  8,136 
.11,762 


Ninety-six  district 73, 729 


Abbeville  county 

Edgefield  county 

Greenville  county 

Laurens  county 

.\ewtierry  county 

Pendleton  county 

Spartanburgh  county . 
Union  county ' . . 


Orangeburgh  district. 


North  part . 
South  part . 


9,197 
13,289 
6,603 
9,337 
9,342 
9,668 
8,800 
7,693 

18,513 

11,281 
7,232 


■WHITE    POPULATION 
IN  1790. 


16 
years 
and 
over. 


145 
1,779 
2,356 


104 

907 

1,345 


Under 

16 
years. 


Fe- 
males. 


67 
1,993 
2,467 


102 

915 

1,450 


14,973  17,165  30,324 


186 
3,646 
4,055 


223 
1,.';96 
2,236 


1,904 
2,333 
1,400 
1,969 
1,992 
2,007 
1,868 
1,500 


1,948 
2,671 
1,627 
2,270 
2.232 
2,535 
2,173 
1,809 


3,201     3,171     6,040 


3,653 
4,701 
2,861 
3,971 
3,962 
4,189 
3,866 
3,121 


1,780  I  1,693  1  3,258 
1,421  i  1,478     2,782 


AH 
other 
free 
per- 
sons. 


34 
59 
113 


1 
32 

80 

198 


21 
149 


Slaves. 


3,405 
3,229 
13,131 


1,795 
4,685 
6,651 

11,0C9 


1,665 

3,619 

606 

1,120 

1,144 

8:i4 

8C.6 

1,215 


170        5,931 


4,629 
1,402 


GEORGIA. 


Lower  district 

19,266 

305 

10, 769 

2,424 

413 

5,355 

25,336 

2,060 

1,160 

2,637 

168 

13, 261 

Middle  district— Continued. 

11,317 
4,652 

37,946 

1,894 
947 

6,404 

1,925 
1,024 

8,094 

3,343 
1,885 

14,459 

39 
2 

188 

4  116 

81 

846 

627 

70 

426 

4,649 

44 
480 
336 

36 
264 

4,790 

96 

1,130 

711 

87 
613 

8,643 

14 
112 

"I 

52 

70 

8,201 

760 

215 

4,025 

7,202 

Washington 

694 

Chatham               

Upper  district 

Franklin 

Greene 

Effingham 

8,801 

Liberty    .                

1,041 
5,405 
31,500 

226 
1,027 
6,162 

243 
1,111 
6,740 

417 
1,882 
12, 160 

s' 

180 

156 

1,377 

Middle  district 

WUks 

7,268 

Burke 

9,467 

1,808 

1,841 

3,415 

11 

2,392 

KENTUCKY. 


Beards  Town,  in  Nelson  county 

Borubon 

216 

7,837 

150 

17,676 

4,565 

834 
6,548 

52 
1,646 

49 
3,241 
1,008 

276 
1,375 

49 
2,036 

28 

3,878 

997 

203 
1,441 

86 
3,249 

61 
6,738 
1,680 

290 
2,630 

1 

""36" 

4 

2 
8 

29 
908 

22 

3,689 

876 

63 
1,094 

Louisville,  in  Jefferson  county 

Madison 

200 
5,772 
2,267 

6,941 

11,099 

462 

9,210 

49' 

1,231 

431 

1,411 

2,456 

163 

1,767 

44          79 

1,421     2,383 

676         952 

1,515     2.691 

2,746      4,644 

96          183 

1,929     3,267 

1 

7 
34 

■■■■27' 

27 

737 

208 

Fayette  coimty. 

Mercer 

Jefferson 

1,317 

1,219 

Lexington,  in  Fayette  county 

Lincoln 

Washington,  in  Mason  countv 

Woodford 

21 
9  02Q 

1  Not  returned  by  counties. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


201 


Ta«i,k   lOo.-WniTE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OK  EACH  COUNTY  REPORTED  IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  TH\T  OP 
THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900.  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OK  COLORED  PER  1.000  WHITES. 


MAINE. 


POPtTLATIOS  l.N 

1790. 

rorvuLTtoM  in  igoo. 

II  1 

COU.VTT. 

Total. 

White. 

Colurt-'l. 

ToUI. 

White. 

II, 

Colond. 

■  .-i 

Total. 

Free,     j    Slave. 

Total. 

Negro. 

Indian. 

llan^ll    17W- 

luuu. ' 

The  State 

96,643 

96,107 

536 

5.16  1 

694,406 

602.228 

2,240 

1,319 

7'.ls 

25.530 
9.542 

29.733 
2,760 

29,078 

25,3.51 
9,504 

29,592 
2,740 

28.920 

179 
38 

141 
20 

158 

:       179 

1             38 
141 
20 
158 

175.000 

102,135 

200,826 

79,640 

76,165 

175,304 
161,503 
260,152 
79,120 
76,081 

536" 
632 
474 
514 
84 

Hancock* 

.1 

Lincoln ' 

387 
94 
67 

Washington  • 

411 
2 

9               't 
15 

York* 

The  state. 


Cheshire' 

Cirafton ' 

Ililkborouph'. 
Rockinpham". 
Strafford".... 


NKW   IIA.MPHHIRK. 


141,899 


141,112  I 


787  il 


157 


411,588 


410,791 


662 


28,753 
13,468  ' 
32,883 
43,184 
23,611 


28,665 
13,419 
32,707 
42,795 
23,526 


49 
176 


232 
64 


IS 
21 


97 
21 


48,.'»4 
74.771 

i2;i,(xw 

85,0)4 
74,381 


48,255 
74,673 
128,881 
84,835 
74,147 


79 
98 
187 
199 
234 


58 
81 
141 
179 
203 


22  1 


113 


10 

11 

3 

14 

46  ; 

6 

i*  ! 

3 

28; 

VEKMONT. 


The  state. 


Addison" 

Benninpton  ". 
Chittenden"  ., 

Orange  '* 

Rutland" 

Windham".. 
Windsor" 


85,341 


6.420 
12.206 

7.287 
10,526 
15,590 
17,572 
15,740 


85.072 


6..ls;t 

12,173 
7,264 
10.4S5 
15,5.58 
17,514 
15,695 


37 
33 
23 
41 
32 
58 
45 


2i>9 


343.641  I 


19,650 
21,705 

107,00<t 
'JO.S24 
45.  l.'ll 
26,6tiO 
33,674 


342,7n 


19,648 
21,536 
106,724 
90.774 
44,H9S 
26,593 
32,598 


870 


2 
169 
284 
50 
222 
67 
76 


826 


2 
165 
275 
38 
211 
64 
71 


(»» 


(") 


MASSACHtrSXTTTS. 


The  state 

378,556 

373,187 

5.369 

5,309 

2,751,852 

2,n6.096 

35.756 

32,192 

587 

2.977 

14 

12 

Barnstable  " 

Bcrk^hirew .  .. 

17,342 
30,263 
31,696 
3,255 
57,879 

59,656 
42,769 
4,  .555 
29,512 
44,S05 
56,764 

16,970 
29,940 
30,966 
3,230 
57,007 

.59,205 
42,177 
4.521 
29,013 
43,803 
56,355 

372 
323 
730 
25 
872  1 

451' 

592 

34 

499 

1.01.2 
409 

372    

323 

27.S26 
i'5,7T4 

197.735 
4,561 

356,569 

275,028 
628,097 
3,006 
108,114 
708.324 
346,818 

2r.,971 
94.400 

194.556 
4,256 

354,298 

273,043 
618,867 
2.958 
106,983 
605,047 
344.717 

8.55 
1,374 
3,179 

305 
2,271 

1,986 
9,230 
48 
1,131 
13.277 
2,101 

615 
l..-i05 
2,9.58 

150 
1,945 

1,807 
8,. 546 
46 
1,040 
11,9.59 
1,821 

231 
3 
86 

154 
3 

1:. 
3. 

lU 

15 
34 

9 
66 
135 

1 
323 

^1 

1,303 

346 

22 
11 
24 
8 
15 

S 
14 

8 
17 
24 

7 

23 
14 

Bristol  " 

730 

Dukes'" 

25 
872 

451 

592 
34 
499 

1.(X.2 
409 

Middlesex  ^ 

]4 

Plvnioiith  *> 

10 

Sullolk  -■' 

17 

Worcester  ** 

5 

69.112 

64.670 

4.442!! 

3.484  ' 

958  ! 

482.050 

472.718 

9.332 

6.874 

35 

423 

«e 

19 

Bristol" 

3,211 

8.851 

14,351 

24.376 

18,323 

3.013 
8.439 
13.174 
23.518 
16.. 526 

198 

412 

1,177 

&58  '1 

1,797  ,| 

100 
349 
805 
777 
1,453 

98 
63 

372 
81 

344 

13.144 

29.976 

137,462 

277.314 

24. 154 

12,975 
29.634 
135,085 
271,817 
23.207 

169 
342 

2,377 

5,497 

947 

158 

315 

2.268 

5.179 

934 

4 

7! 

7 
107  , 
291 
11 

66 
49 
89 
36 
109 

12 
II 

2 

27 
2 

17 

19 

40 

1  Area  covered  In  1900  by  parts  of  Franklin.  Somerset.  York.  Cumlierland.  AndroscoRsln.  and  Oxford  counties. 

» .\rea  covered  in  liXX)  bv  Ilancockcoiintv.  and  bv  parts  ot  Waldo.  Tenoliscot,  Piscataquis,  and  .\roostook  counties. 

» Area  covered  in  1900  by  Lincoln,  Knox',  Kennebec,  and  Sagadahoc  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Waldo,  Androscoggin,  Somerset,  TLscataquls,  FianklUi,  .\roostook.  and 
Penobscot  counties. 

<  .Vrea  covered  in  1900  bv  Washinfton  county,  and  by  parts  of  Penobscot  and  .Vroostook  counties. 

'.Vrea  covered  in  I'joo  by  parts  of  York.  Cunilwrland.  0.xlord.  and  Franklin  counties. 

•  .\rea  covcre<l  in  IWX)  bv  Che^shirecoimlv.  and  by  part  of  i'ulll van  county. 

'  .Vrea  covered  in  1S<»)  bv  Ci  ration  and  Coos  counties,  and  by  parisolCaiToll  and  Merrimack  counties. 

'Area  covered  in  U«»>  by  1  lillsboro  count  v  (except  I'elhani.  which  was  In  Kockincharncoimty  in  MM),  and  bv  parts  of  Merrimack  and  SiilllTan  counties. 

•Area  covered  in  1900  bv  Uockinshamcoimiv.  part  of  Merrimack  county,  and  the  town  of  Pclh.am  (now  In  llillslxirocounly). 

>o  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Strafford  and  Belknap  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Carroll  and  Merrimack  counties. 

"  .Vrea  covered  in  1900  by  part  of  Addison  county. 

"  Less  than  one. 

!•  .\rea  covered  in  1900  coextensive  with  that  of  1790.  .„.,., 

"  Area  covered  in  1000  by  Franklin.  Grand  Isle.  Lamoille,  and  Chittenden  counties,  and  by  i)arus  of  Orleans.  AddLson.  and  w  ashinglun  counUes. 

15  Area  covered  in  1900  bv  Kssex.  Caledonia,  and  Or.inge  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Orleans  and  \\  ashington  counties. 

"  .\rea covered  in  1900  bv  parts  of  Rutland  and  .\ddison  counties. 

"  .Vrea covered  in  1900  bv  Windsor  couniv.  and  bv  part  of  Rutland  county. 

>«  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Borkshiri'coiiiitv.  and 'l>v  part  of  Franklin  county. 

'» .Vria covered  in  1900  by  parts  of  Bristol  anri  Norfolk  counties,  and  by  part  of  Providence  coimty.  K.  1. 

^  .Vrea  covered  in  I9<H)  bv  part  of  Kssex  countv. 

n  Area  covered  in  1900  by  parts  ot  Hampshire,  Hampden.  Franklin,  and  Worcester  counties. 

"Area  covered  in  1900  bv  parts  of  .Middlesex,  ,-iuiTolk.  and  Worcester  counties. 

»  Vrea  covered  in  1900  by  parts  of  Pivraouth  an  I  Bristol  coimlies.        

»  Area  covered  in  190i)  bv  parts  of.-iullolk.  Xorfilk.  Kssex.  Plymouth.  Mid  llwex,  and  Woiwater  counties. 
•J  Area  covered  in  19ixi  by  parts  of  Worcester.  Hampden.  Hampshire,  and  Middlesex  counties. 
"  Area  covered  In  1900  bv  Newport  eonntv.  and  bv  (.art  of  Bristol  county,  Mass. 
"  .Vrea  covered  In  1900  by  [lart  of  Providence  county. 


202 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  105.-WHITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  EACH  COUNTY  REPORTED  IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF 
THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OF  COLORED  PER  1,000  WHITES— Continued. 

CONNECTICUT. 


POPULATION  IN 

1790. 

POPULATION  IN  1900. 

Num- 
ber of 
colored 
persons 
per 
1,000 
whites, 
1790. 

Num- 
ber of 
negroes 
per 
1,000 

COUNTY, 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Negro. 

Indian. 

Mongo- 
lian. 

whites, 
1900. 

The  state 

237,655 

232,236 

5,419 

2,771 

2,648 

908,420 

892,424 

15,996 

15,226 

153 

617 

23 

17 

Fairfield  ' 

36,290 
38, 149 
38,635 
18,828 

30,703 
32,918 
13,251 
28,881 

35,173 
37,498 
38, 119 
18,492 

29,882 
31,605 
13,111 
28,356 

1,117 
651 
516 
336 

821 

1,313 

140 

525 

318 
395 
313 
144 

434 

732 

94 

341 

799 
256 
203 
192 

387 

581 

48 

184 

184, 203 

■     195,147 

66,238 

40,876 

267,492 
81,183 
22,203 
51,078 

180,839 
191,776 
65,182 
40,405 

262, 221 
79,421 
22, 130 
50,  450 

3,364 

3,371 

1,056 

471 

5,271 

1,762 

73 

628 

3,227 

3,190 

998 

450 

5,056 

1,641 

66 

598 

9 
5 
33 

1 

2 
83 

1 
19 

128 
176 
26 
20 

213 

38 

6 

11 

32 
17 
14 
IS 

27 
42 
11 
19 

18 

17 

Litchfield '                   

15 

11 

19 

21 

Tolland  ^                 

3 

12 

NEW    YORK. 


The  state 

Albany' 

Clinton  " 

Columbia" 

Dutchess  " 

Kings"! 

Montgomery  » 

New  York  city  and  county  " 

Ontario  ^ 

Orange  '^ 

Queens  " 

Richmond  " 

Suffolk  11 

Ulster  i» 

Washington '" 

Westchester  2<- 


340,241 


75,980 

1,615 

27, 496 

45,276 

4,549 

28,852 
33,111 
1,074 
18, 477 
16,013 

3,827 
16, 646 
29,370 
14,077 
23,978 


314,366 


72,087 

1,583 

25,811 

42,981 

3,021 

28,223 
29,619 
1,058 
17,315 
12,886 

2,945 
14,310 
26,295 
14,028 
22,204 


25, 875 


3,893 
32 
1,685 
2,295 
1,528 

629 

3,492 

16 

1,162 

3,127 


2,236 

3,075 

49 

1,774 


4,682         21,193 


7,268,894 


171 
16 
52 

431 
46 

41 

1,119 

6 

201 

819 

127 

1,131 

161 

3 

358 


3,722  I 

16 
1,633 
1,864 
1,482  1 

588 

2,373 

10 

961 
2,308 

755 

1,105 

2,914 

46 

1,416 


428, 417 

210, 073 

43,211 

95, 457 

1,166,582 

1,127,730 

1,850,093 

1,234,365 

142,157 

208, 447 

67,021 
77, 582 

157, 428 
75, 567 

384,  764 


7,150,881 


424, 404 

208, 408 

41,779 

93, 093 

1,146,909 

1,119,761 

1,808,968 

1,225,283 

137,256 

203,328 

65,863 
74,298 

155, 638 
75, 228 

376,665 


112,013 


4,013 
1,665 
1,432 
2,364 
19, 673 

7,969 
41, 125 
9,082 
4,901 
5,119 

1,158 
3,284 
1,790 
339 
8,099 


99,232 


5,257       7,524 


3,889 

335 

1,417 

2,335 

18,367 

7,236 
36,246 
6,796 
4,837 
4,921 

1,072 
3,035 
1,768 
290 
7,688  I 


16 
,272 


1 
6 

616 

21 

3,115 


168 

1 

37 

3 


68 

15 

28 

1,300 

117 
4,858 
171 
64 
197 

86 
81 
21 
12 
408 


82 


54 
20 
65 
63 

506 

22 

118 

15 

67 

243 

299 
156 
117 
3 
80 


2 
34 
25 
16 


20 
5 
35 

24 

16 
41 
11 
4 
20 


NEW  JERSEY. 


The  state 

Bergen  " 

Burlington  =3.. 
Cape-May  "... 
Cumt)erland  u . 
Essex  " 

Gloucester  "  . , 
Hunterdon  ^ .. 
Middlesex  » . . . 
Monmouth  " , . 

Morris  " 

,  Salem  " 

Somerset  » 

Sussex'' 


184, 139 


12,601 
18,095 
2,571 
8,248 
17,785 

13,363 
20, 153 
15,956 
16,918 

16,216 
10, 437 
12, 296 
19,500 


169,954 


10,108 
17,270 
2,416 
7,990 
16,454 

12.830 
IS.  661 
14,498 
14,969 

15,532 
9,891 
10,339 
18,996 


14,185 


2,493 
825 
165 
258 

1,331 

533 

1,492 
1,458 
1,949 

684 

646 

1,957 

504 


2,762 


192 
598 
14 
138 
160 

342 
191 
140 
353 

48 
374 

147 
65 


11,423 


2,301 
227 
141 
120 

1, 171 

191 
1,301 
1,318 
1,596 

636 

172 

1,810 

439 


1,883,669   1,812,317    71,352 


506,412 

104,373 

13,201 

61,193 

572,686 

185,950 
77, 412 
90,882 
92,168 

65, 156 
25,530 
37,802 
61,915 


497,571 

100,686 

12,328 

48,785 

564, 107 

168,239 
74,415 
88,050 
85,636 

63,603 
22, 493 
36,225 
61,379 


7,841 
3,787 
873 
2,408 
18,578 

17,711 
2,997 
2,832 
6,522 

1,653 

3,037 

2,577 

636 


9,844 


7,379 
3,723 
869 
2,403 
18,022 

17,561 
2,934 
2,782 
6,457 

1,618 

3,029 

2,540 

627 


63       1,445 


462 
42 
4 
5 

650 

143 
46 
49 
62 

35 

8 

30 


247 
48 
64 
32 
81 

42 
80 
101 
130 

44 
55 


39 


15 
37 
70 
49 
33 

104 
39 
32 
75 

25 

135 

72 

9 


1  Area  covered  in  1900  coextensive  with  that  of  1790. 

2  Population  of  Wolcott  town  added  to,  and  that  of  Hartland  town  and  Marlboro  town  subtracted  from,  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
8  Population  of  Soiithl>ury  town.  Hartland  town,  nnci  Middlel>ury  town  added  to  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 

<  Population  of  Durham  town  subtr.ioIe(i  from  19(10  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 

»  Population  of  Middlebury  town,  Southbury  town,  and  Wolcott  town  subtracted  from,  and  that  of  Durham  town  added  to,  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
>  I'opulation  of  Columbia  town  and  part  of  Marlboro  town  added  to,  and  that  of  Lebanon  town  and  Voluntown  town  subtracted  from,  1900  figures  to  make  areas 
comparable. 

'  Population  of  Columbia  town  and  Mansfield  town  subtracted  from,  and  part  of  Marlboro  town  added  to,  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
"  Population  of  Mansflrld  town,  Lebanon  town,  and  Voluntown  town  added  to  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparanle. 
'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Albany,  Rensselaer,  Saratoga,  and  Schenectady  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Greene  and  Schoharie  counties, 
w  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Clinton,  Franklin,  Essex,  and  St.  Lawrence  counties. 

11  Area  covered  in  ]  900  coextensive  with  that  of  1 790. 

12  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Dutchess  and  Putnam  counties. 

13  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chemung,  Montgomery,  Fulton,  Herkimer,  Hamilton,  Otsego,  Jefferson,  Tioga,  Broome,  Chenango,  Oneida,  Lewis,  Madison,  Cortland, 
Oswego,  Onondaga,  Cayusa,  Seneca,  and  Tompkins  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Delaware,  Schoharie,  Schuyler,  and  Wayne  counties. 

nAreacovered  in  1900  by  Manhattan  borough. 

»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Cliautautiiia,  Cattaraugus,  Allegany,  Erie,  Niagara,  Wyoming,  Genesee,  Orleans,  Monroe,  Livingston.  Ontario,  Yates,  and  Steuben  counties, 
and  by  parts  of  Wa.vne  and  Schuyler  counties. 

ui  Area  covered  in  19(H)  by  Orange  and  Kockland  counties. 

u  Area  covered  in  IHOO  by  Queens  and  Nassau  counties. 

1*  Area  covered  in  19(10  by  Ulster  and  Sullivan  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Greene  and  Delaware  counties. 

1' Area  covered  in  1900  by  Washington  and  Warren  counties. 

20  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Westchester  county,  and  by  part  of  New  Y'ork  county. 

"  .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Bergen  and  Hudson  counties,  and  by  part  of  Passaic  county. 
^  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Burlington  county,  and  bv  parts  of  Mercer  and  Ocean  counties. 
'-'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Essex  and  Union  counties',  and  by  part  of  Passaic  county. 

21  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Gloucester,  Atlantic,  and  Camden  counties. 

^  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Hunterdon  county,  and  by  part  of  Mercer  county. 

«  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Middlesex  countv.  and  bv'parts  of  Mercer  and  Monmouth  counties. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  parts  of  Mercer.  Monmoutli.  and  Ocean  counties.  ,r 

2"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Somerset  county,  and  bv  part  of  Mercer  county.  ' 

»  Area  covered  in  190O  by  Warren  and  Sussex  counties. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  203 

Table   10.5.-\V0ITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  EACH  COUNTY  REPORTED  IN  1790  COMP\RED  WITH  TH  \T  OF 
TUE  S.VME  AREA  IN  1900,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMUER  OK  COLORED  PER  1,0(J0  WUITES-^onlinuc-,!.' 


PENNSTLVAXIA. 


The  state 

AllPKhcny' 

Rodford' 

lifrks" 

Uiu-ks* 

flK'slir* 

Cumberland* 

Dauphin* 

1  lelaware ' 

Fayette* 

Franklin* 

IluntinKdon' 

I.anraster'* 

Luzerne* 

MiUlinio 

Monttjomery* 

Nortlianinton  '> — 
Northumherland  ". 

Philadelphia' 

\Va,shington" 

We.itmoreland"... 
York'- 


10,203 
13, 132 
30,189 
25,216 
27,829 

18,208 
18,155 
9,469 
13,318 

15,662 
7,558 

36,081 
4,892 

7,562 
22,918 
24,238 
17, 147 

54.388 
23,892 
16,019  , 
37,535  ! 


POPULATION  IN   1790. 


Total.        While. 


433,611        423,373 


10,032 
13,052 
29,928 
24,374 
27,141 

17,779 
17,886 
9,133 
12,990 

15,057 
7,491 

35,192 
4.868 

7,461 
22,305 
24,086 
16,971 

51,916 
23,617 
15,852 
36,182 


Colored. 


Total. 


Free. 


Slave. 


6,531 


3,707 


171 
80 
261 
842 


429 
289 
336 
328 

C05 
67 

889 
24 

101 
5.53 
152 
176 

2,472 
275 
167 

1,353 


12 

34  I 
201  I 
.181  ' 
S4« 

206 

59 
287 

46 

279 

24 
542 

13 

42 
440 
132 


2,099 
12 


850 


159 
46 

m 
ail 

144 

223 

210 

49 

282 

326 
43 

347 
11 


113 
20 
87 

373 
263 
128 
503 


Total. 


3iii,i>t.i 
71.180 
95,095 

76,607 
168,270 

94,762 
110,412 

54,902 
135,803 
159,241 
562,463 

82,108 
138,995 
314,685 
697,909 

1,293,607 
121,107 
243,032 
150,909 


roraunoN  im  isoo. 


White. 


t'lK,  788 
86,391 

73,600 
161,579 

84,816 
106,442 

52,944 
134,628 
156,761 
560,417 

81,387 
134,436 
313, 535 
694,056 

1,229,673 
116,393 
240,845 
148,880 


Total. 


Ul>4 
2,402 
9,304 

2,917 
6,001 
9,947 
4,970 

1,958 
1,175 
2,480 
2,046 

721 
4,559 
1,150 
3,8S0 

64,034 
4,714 
2,187 
2,029 


Colorod. 


Negro. 


Indian. 


V4U 
2,200 
9,242 

1,900 
6,008 
9,894 
4,952 

1,954 
1,168 
2,461 
2,004 

716 
4,503 
1,116 
3,733 

62,613 
4,600 
2,149 
2,013 


185 
39 

1,015 
6 
8 


Mongo- 


1,9«7 


339 

12 
24 
17 
23 

2 
17 
46 

u; 

?l 

18  ' 
42 

3 
37 
30 
86 

1,177 
34 


24 


at 

7 

3 

32 

107 

at 

41 

117 
47 

87 
9 
II 

« 

• 

a 

t 
t 

SI 
40 
B 
14 


DELAWARE.' 


Thestate i  59,096 

Kent !  18, 920 

New-Castle I  19, 688 

Susiox '  20. 488 


46.310  !       12,786 


14.050 
16.487  I 
15.773 


4.870  ' 
3,201  I 
4.715 


3,899 


2,570 
639 
690 


8,887 


2,300 
2,562 
4.025 


184,735 


32,762 
109.097 
42,276 


163,977 


26,017 
93,4£6 
36.504 


30,768 


7,748 
16,241 
6,772 


30,607 


7,738 
16,197 
6,762 


m 


7 

347 

309 

36 

194 

173 

10 

2» 

UD 

199 


MARYI.ANT>.» 


The  stale 

319,728 

208,649 

111,079 

8,043 

lOS.O.'IO 

1,466,762 

1,143,956 

322,806 

321,766 

26 

1,015 

632 

281 

4,809 
22,598 
25,4.34 
13,503 

8,652 

9,506 
13,625 
20,613 
15,875 
30,791 

14,976 
12,836 
18,003 
21,344 
15,463 

15,544 
15,610 
13,084 
15.822 
11.640 

4.539 
11.664 
18,953 
11,925 

4,211 

7,028 
10.055 
10, 124 
10,010 
26,937 

10,784 
6,748 
11,679 
10,004 
8,171 

8,216 
8,272 
7,231 
14,472 
7,626 

270 
10,934 
6,481 
1,578 
4,441 

2.478 
3.570 
10.489 
5,865 
3,864 

4,192 
6.088 
6.324 
11,340 
7,292 

7,328 
7,338 
5,853 
1.350 
4,014 

12 
804 
604 
323 
136 

421 
163 
4(M 
528 
213 

775 
655 
294 
164 
618 

343 

268 

1,076 

64 

178 

268 

10,130 

6,877 

1,255 

4,305 

2,057 
3.407 
10,086 
5,337 
3,641 

3,417 
5,4.33 
6,0.30 
11,176 
6,674 

6,985 
7,070 
4,777 
1,286 
3,836 

71,395 
56,3.35 
144,933 
469,116 
10,223 

16,248 
i          24,662 

17.662 
1  27,962 
I  71,443 
1 

28,269 
18,786 
45,000 
i        294,067 
18,364 

17, 182 
38,997 
20,342 
46,133 
!          30,643 

69,594 

36.645 

125,446 

396.324 

5,060 

12,009 
20,850 
8,014 
18,476 
64,193 

22.411 
11,343 
30,387 
199,448 
11,991 

8,926 
28,126 
12,875 
42,642 
21,276 

1.801 
19,790 
19,487 
72,792 

6.143 

4.239 
3.812 
9.648 
9,486 
7,260 

6,868 
7.  44.3 
14.613 
94,619 
6,373 

8,266 
12,871 
7,467 
2,491 
9,367 

1,795 
19,772 
19,447 
72,337 

5,143 

4,237 
3,806 
9.648 
9,484 
7,247 

5,854 
7.442 
14.584 
94,157 
6,372 

8,256 
12,867 
7,466 
2,488 
9,366 

6 
466 

69 

937 

343 

132 

1.066 

353 
366 

1,036 
681 
141 

389 

'        902 

641 

1,134 

« 
893 
887 
809 

93 
S3t 

at 

Ann- Arundel  ^ 

641 

Baltimore  '» 

156 

Baltimore  town  and  precincts  " . . 

183 

Calvert  * 

1.013 
363 

Cecil* 

3 

181 

Charles  * 

i.aiM 

28 
441 

618 

113 

Harford  * 

ati 

666 

Montgomery  « 

1 
21 

480 
473 

(SI 

St   MarTi's  * 

93t 

Somerselt » 

Talbot « 

2 

« 

no 

n 

Worcester  ii 

440 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Allegheny.  Butler,  CrawIor<i.  Erie,  Mercer,  and  Lawrence  countie<!,  and  by  parts  of  Arnislroni!.  Heaver.  Venango.  Warren,  and  Fomt 
counties. 

•  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Bedford.  Somerset,  and  Fnlton  counties,  ami  by  parts  of  Cambria  and  Ulalr  counties. 

•  Area  covered  in  I'.IOO  by  Berks  county,  and  by  part  of  Schuylkill  county. 
'  .\rea  lovered  in  IWIO  coextensive  witn  thiit  of  IT'JI). 

»  .-^rea  covered  in  V«I0  by  Perrv  and  Cumberland  counties. 

•  Arcacoveredin  l',«)Obv  I'auphincounty.  and  by  part  of  Lebnnoncounly.  ,  „,  , 

'  .\rea covered  in  H««)  by  lluulincdon  county,  and  by  parts  of  Center.  Cambria,  Clearneld.  and  lllalr  counties. 

'. \rca  covered  i  n  190O  by  Lanea-siercountv.  and  by  part  of  Lel)anon  county.  ,„     „     , 

»  .Vrca  covered  In  UHK)  by  Luzerne,  Susquehanna.  Wvomlnp.  and  Lackawanna  counties,  and  by  j)art  of  Bradfonl  county. 

"Areacoveredin  i;«IOhy  Milltinand  Juniatacounties.and  l>y  partofCenle»eounty. 

"  \rea  covered  in  I'mO  by  Northampton.  Wa^Tie.  Lehigh.  I'ike.  Monroe,  and  (  artK)n  counties,  and  by  part  of  Srhuylklll  county. 

iJAreaeove     '•    -        ■'' :.........„_...,    «„i.- —    i.,,,...,  t 

Cameron  count 

'^  .\reacove. ..,,,.  .....y, ...    ........ ...,..^.. . ^.-. .   .  . 

'•  Are.1  covere'l  in  l'.«iO  by  Westmoreland  county,  and  by  parts  of  Armstrong  and  Indiana  counties. 

'i  Area  covered  in  VMW  by  York  and  Adams  counties. 

'•  lnciu<Us  popiiiaiicm  of  the  District  of  Columbia  In  1900. 

"  .\rea  covered  in  1<*(W  by  .\lleg.iiiv  and  tlarrett  countii«. 

"  Areacovered  In  liiixibv  Anne  Arundeland  Ilowardcounlles.  .  „  ...  ,. 

i«  Area  covered  in  I'JOO  bV  B:Utimore  county,  and  by  parts  of  tarroll  county  and  Baltimore  city. 

»  Area  covere<i  in  I'.illObv  part  of  liiUtimore  city.  „      ,.     .  , 

»i  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Caroline  roiinty.and  by  part  of  Dorchester  county. 

M  Ari'a  covered  In  lllfKlbv  part  of  Dorchester  county. 

»  Areacovereil  in  MiKl  bv  Fred.-rick  countv.  and  by  part  of  Carroll  county. 

X  Area coveriHl  In  IWKIb'v  Montpomery  county,  and  iWorKetouii.  D.  I.  „,,..„....,.„„„ 

»  Area  eov.red  in  vm  bv  Irinee  CeOTgrs  countv.  and  the  Distrii  t  of  (  olumWa.  exclusive  of  <.,«rgelown. 

»  Area  covered  In  litno  bv  Somerset  county,  and  by  part  of  Wicomico  county. 

»  jVrca  covered  In  1900  by  Worcester  county,  and  by  pari  of  W  Icomleo  county. 


overed  in  l«iO  by  Northanipton,  Wa^-ne.  Lehigh.  INke.  Monroe,  and  (arlK)nTOunties.  and  by  nart  of  SchiyMklllTO^ 

overed  in  I'mo  by  VorthumI.eriand,  Lveominp.  JellerMin.  McKean.  I'uiier.  Tlora.  Columbia.  X  nion.  I  larlon.  I  Union.  Klk.  hulll\T»n,  Honlour.  Snyder,  and 

iniies  and  by  parts  of  Armstrong.  Ceiiter.  Venango.  Warren,  Indiana,  Clearneld.  Bradford,  and  Forest  counties. 

overed  in  nuio  by  Wishinglon  and  Greene  counties,  and  by  pari  of  Iteavrr  county. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


204 

Table  105  -WHITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  EACH  COUNTY  REPORTED  IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF 
THe"sAME  AREA  IN  1900,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OF  COLORED  PER  1,000  WHITES-Contmued. 

VIRGINIA.' 


The  state 


Accomack 

Albemarle 

AmeliaCincludingNottowayCo.) 

Amherst » 

Augusta ' 


Be.lford 

Berkley  < 

Botetourt'... 
Brunswick.. . 
Buckingham « 


CamplieU'. .. 

Caroline 

Charles-City. 
Charlotte*... 
Chesterfield.. 


Culpeper' 

Cumberland 

Dinwitidie 

Blizabeth-City., 
Essex 


Fairfax  i" . .  - 
Fauquier. .. 
Fluvanna... 

Franklin 

Frederick  " . 


Gloucester  n 

Goochland 

Greenbrier  (including  Kanawa)i3. 

Greensville 

Halifax 


Hampshire 
Hanover. .- 
Hardy  IS... 
Harrison  is, 
Henrico — 


11 


Henry  i^ 

Isle  of  Wight... 

James  City 

King  &  Queen. 
King  George . . . 


King  William. 

Lancaster 

Loudon  18 

Louisa 

Lunenburg 


Mecklenburg.. 

Middlesex 

Monongalia  i^. 
Montgomery  so 
Nansemoud... 


New  Kent 

Norfolk 

Northampton 

Northumberland. 
Ohlo»i 


Total. 


747, 610 


13, 959 
12,585 
18,097 
13,703 
10,886 

10,531 
19,713 
10, 524 
12,827 
9,779 

7,085 
17, 489 

5,688 
10, 078 
14, 214 

22, 105 
8,163 

13,934 
3,450 
9,122 

12, 320 
17,892 
3,921 
6,842 
19,681 

13, 498 
9,053 
6,015 
fi,  362 

14, 722 

7,346 
14, 754 
7,336 
2,0S0 
12,000 

8,479 
9,028 
4,070 
9,377 
7,366 

8,128 
5,638 
18,962 
8,467 
8,959 

14,733 
4,140 
4.768 

13,228 
9,010 

6,239 
14,524 
6,8.89 
9,163 
6,212 


POPULATION  IN  1790. 


White. 


442,117 

8,976 
6,835 
6,684 
8.2S6 
9,260 

7.725 
16.650 
9,241 
5,919 
5,496 

4,946 
6,994 
2,084 
6,199 
6,358 

13,809 
3,577 
6,039 
1,5.56 
3,543 

7,611 
11,157 
2,430 
5,735 
15, 315 

6,225 
4,140 
5,676 
2.530 
8,931 

6, 879 
6, 291 
6,556 
2,013 
5,600 

6, 763 
4,786 
1,519 
4,159 
3,123 

2,893 
2,2.59 
14,749 
3,880 
4,547 

7,555 
1,,531 
4,602 
12.394 
4,713 

2,391 
8,928 
3,181 
4,  ,iOfi 
4,907 


Colored. 


Total.  Free.         Slave 


305, 493 

4,983 
5.750 
11,413 
5.417 
1,626 

2,806 
3,063 
1.283 
6.908 
4,283 

2,739 
10, 495 
3,504 
4,879 
7,856 

8,296 
4,576 
7,895 
1,894 
5,579 

4,709 
6,735 
1,491 
1,107 
4,366 

7,273 
4,913 
339 
3,832 
5,791 

467 
8,463 

780 

67 

6,400 

1,710 
4,242 
2,551 
5,218 
4,243 

5,235 
3.379 
4,213 
4,587 
4,412 

7,178 

2,609 

166 

834 

4,297 

3,848 
5,  ,596 
3,708 
4,6,57 
305 


12,866 

721 
171 
106 
121 
59 


131 
24 
132 
115 

251 

203 

363 

63 


70 
142 
561 

18 
139 

135 
93 
25 
34 

116 

210 
257 
20 
212 
226 

13 
240 
411 


581 

165 
375 
146 
76 
86 

84 

143 

ia3 

14 

SO 

416 
51 
12 
6 

480 

148 
251 
464 
197 
24 


292,627 

4,262 
5,579 
11,307 
5, 296 
1,567 

2,754 
2,932 
1,259 
6,776 
4,168 


10, 292 
3,141 
4,816 
7,487 

8,226 
4,434 
7.334 
1,876 
5,440 

4,574 
6,642 
1,466 
1,073 
4,250 

7,063 
4,656 
319 
3,620 
5,565 

454 
8,223 

369 

67 

6,819 

1,551 
3,867 
2,405 
6,143 
4,167 

5,161 
3,236 
4,030 
4,573 
4,332 

6,762 

2,658 

154 

828 

3,817 

3,700 
5,345 
3,244 
4,460 
281 


POPULATION  IN   1900. 


Total. 


2, 812, 984 


32, 570 
34,  922 
SI,  403 

33. 939 
60,  662 

.30,356 
40, 065 

76. 940 
18,217 
20, 634 

44,832 
16,709 
5,040 
15,879 
28,519 

33, 182 
8,996 
37, 184 
19,460 
9,701 

31,089 
23, 374 
9, 0.50 
25,963 
31,248 

21,071 

9,519 

406, 338 

9,758 

37,197 

27, 322 
17,618 
15,724 
149,270 
115,112 

34,667 
13, 102 
5,732 
9.265 
6,918 

8.380 

8.949 

30.398 

16.517 

11,706 

26.551 
8,220 
80,015 
174.225 
23,078 

4,866 
111,831 
13,770 

9,846 
133,162 


White. 


2, 108, 088 


20, 743 

21,969 

8,018 

21,210 

41,919 

20,617 
34,218 
58,791 
7,376 
10, 699 

26,871 
7, 667 
1,344 
7,116 

17,481 

20, 885 
2,791 
16,931 
10, 757 
3,576 

20,  465 
15,074 
5.039 
20.005 
26, 342 

12,068 

3,961 

387, 036 

3,402 

17, 922 

26,116 
9.696 
16,015 
146,447 
70, 044 

24,660 
6,833 
2,712 
4,006 
3,596 

3,266 
4,058 
23, 139 
7,896 
5,133 

10.353 
3.684 
78,800 
162, 327 
10,116 

1,660 

57,212 

6,141 

6,680 

130,672 


Total. 


Negro. 


704,221 


11,825 
12,950 
13,385 
12, 729 
8,738 

9,739 
5,847 
18, 139 
10,842 
10, 035 

18,961 
9,042 
3,696 
8,763 

11,037 

12,296 
6,205 

20,261 
8,582 
6,126 

10, 614 
8,298 
4,011 
5,947 
4,903 

9.003 
5.558 

19, 295 
6,356 

19, 275 

1,206 
7,898 
709 
2,805 
45,046 

10,007 
6,268 
3,020 
5,259 
3,322 


5.114 

4,962 

4,891 

4,891 

7.259 

7,257 

8.621 

8.621 

6,572 

6,572 

16,198 

16.198 

4,536 

4.536 

1.215 

1,206 

21,898 

21,894 

12,963 

12,962 

3,206 

3,204 

57,619 

57,465 

7,629 

7,627 

4, 166 

4,166 

2,490 

2,470 

Indian. 


Mongo- 
lian. 


2 
3 

5 

io 

1 

1 

2 

108 

13 

10 

9 

1 

3 

1 

6 

1 
24 

7 

1 

17 
21 

1 

152 

2 

9 

4 

1 

1 
52 

""m 

2 

20 

Num- 
ber of 
colored 
persons 
per 
1,0(10 


Num- 
ber of 
negroes 
per 
1.000 


whites,  i^^hm-s, 
1790.        ^^"• 


555 
841 
1,708 
654 
176 

363 

184 

139 

1,167 

779 

554 

1,501 

1,  l'81 

938 

1,236 

601 
1,279 
1,307 
1,217 
1,575 

619 
604 
614 
193 
285 

1, 168 

1,187 

60 

1,516 

648 

68 

1,346 

119 

33 
1,143 

254 

886 

1,679 

1,266 

1,369 

1,810 
1,496 

286 
1,182 

970 

950 
1,704 
36 
67 
912 

1,609 

627 

1,166 

1,034 

62 


334 
570 


472 
171 
309 
1,470 
947 

733 
1,179 
2, 750 
1,231 

631 

589 
2,223 
1,196 

798 
1,713 

519 
650 
796 
297 
186 

746 

1,403 

50 

1,868 

1,075 

46 

815 

47 

19 

643 

406 

917 

1,114 

1,313 

924 

1,619 
1,205 
314 
1,092 
1,280 

1,565 

1,231 

16 

144 

1,281 

1,930 
1,004 
1,242 


19 


'  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Virginia  and  West  Virgmia.    Independent  cities  are  included  In  county  totals  for  1790  and  1900. 

'^  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Amherst  and  Nelson  counties. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  .\ugusta  county,  and  by  jiarts  of  Bath,  Pocahontas,  and  Highland  coimties. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Berkeley  and  JolTorson  counties,  and  by  part  of  Morgan  county. 

'  Area  covered  m  1900  by  Botetourt,  .Mleghany,  and  Roanoke  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Craig,  Monroe,  and  Bath  counties. 

6  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Buckmgham  county,  and  by  part  of  Appomattox  county. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Campljell  county,  and  by  part  of  Appomattox  county. 

8  Area  covered  in  19(X)  by  Charlotte  county,  and  by  part  of  Appomattox  county. 

»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Culpeper,  Madison,  and  Rappahannock  counties. 
i»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Alexandria  county,  and  by  part  of  Fairfax  county. 
"  .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Frederick  and  Clarke  counties,  and  by  part  of  Warren  county. 
'2  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Gloucester  and  Mathews  counties. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Greenbrier,  Boone,  Cabell,  (lav,  Fayette,  Jackson,  Kanawha,  Lincoln,  Logan,  Mason,  Mingo,  Nicholas,  Putnam,  Raleigh,  Roane.Wayne, 
and  Wyoming  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Braxton,  Calhoun,  Gilmer,  McDowell.  Monroe,  Pocahontas,  Summers,  Webster,  Wirt,  and  Wood  counties. 
"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Hampshire  and  Mineral  counties,  and  by  part  of  Morgan  county. 
15  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Hardy  and  Grant  counties. 

1"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Harrison,  Doddridge,  Lew  is,  and  Ritchie  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Barbour,  Braxton,  Calhoun,  Gilmer,  Marion,  Taylor,  Upshur,  Webster, 
Wirt,  Wood,  and  Pleasants  counties. 

1'  .\rea  covered  In  1900  by  Henry  and  Patrick  counties. 
"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Loudoun  county,  and  by  part  of  Fairfax  countv. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Monongalia  county,  and  by  parts  of  Preston,  Marion,  and  Taylor  counties. 

■'"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Montgomery,  Bland,  Carroll,  Floyd,  Giles,  Grayson,  Mercer,  Pulaski,  and  Wythe  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Craig,  McDowell,  Monroe, 
Smyth,  Summers,  and  Tazewell  cdunties. 

=1  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Ohio,  Brooke,  Hancock,  Marshall.  Tyler,  and  Wetzel  counties,  and  by  part  of  Pleasants  covmty. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


205 

VIRCINIA  >— Continued. 


Tho  state... 
Edenion  district. 


Bertie  i« 

Camden '» 

Chowan  i» 

Currituck"... 

Gates  i» 

Hertford  >» 

I'lisqiiotanki" . 
I'erctuiinans'"  . 
Tyrrell  i: 


Fayette  district. 


Anson" 

Cumlierland  " 

Moore  i" 

Uichmond  '*  . , 

nobesoni* 

Sampson '" . . . 


nalifa.x  district 

EdReoombei'... 

Franklin" 

Halifax  i» 

Martini" 

.Vash  i» 

Northampton  "> . 
WarrcnM 


milsborough  district . 


CasH-elP'... 
Chatham  10 .. 
Granville". 

t'ranKe  ^ 

Randolph '» . 
Wake*' 


POPULATION  I.S  1790. 


rOrtXLATION  IM  IMO. 


Colored. 


White. 


Total. 


Orance  ' 

ronlloton  ' 

Piusylvania 

}*owhatan 

Prince  Edward  * 

Prince  George. . . 
Prince  William.. 
Priucc-ss  .Vnne... 

Randolph  & 

Richmond 

UockI)ri(it;e 

Rockingham  " .. 

Russell' 

.shannandoah^. . 
.Southampton 

Spotsylvania 

Statlo'rd 

Surry 

Sussex 

Warwick 

Washington* 

Westmoreland... 
York 


5,436 
2,378 
8,538 
2,28C 
4,082 

3,387 
6,7« 
4.527 
932 
2,918 

5,825 
6.677 
3.143 
9,979 
0,312 

5,171 
5,4(>5 
2,762 
4,771 

667 
5,11."  I 
3, 1R3 
2,115  1 


4,485 
74 
3,041 
4,536 
4,018 

4,786 
4,871 
3.266 
19 
4.067 

72:) 
772 
195 
531 
0,552 

6,081 
4,123 
3.465 
5,778 

1,028 

45$ 

4,539 

3,118 


Free. 


Slave. 


64 

1 

62 

211 

32 

267 
167 
64 


83 


5 

19 

559 

148 

87 

368 


33 

8 
114 
358 


4,421 
73 
2,979 
4,325 
3,986 

4,519 
4.704 
3,202 
19 
3,984 

682 
772 
IM 
512 
5,993 

5,933 
4,036 
3,097 
5,387 

990 

430 

4.425 

2, 71.0 


Total. 


18,785 
12,045 
63,414 
6,824 
16,118 

7,752 
11,112 
11.192 
48,876 

7,088 

24,187 
38,130 
115,100 
33,351 

22,848 

14,307 
8,097 
8,469 

12,082 

24,523 
48,895 
9,243 

7,4S2 


White. 


11,833 
11,730 
35.607 
2,343 
5,912 

2,886 
8,240 
5,505 
47,292 
4,159 

19,693 
34.909 
108.2.58 
31,209 
9,165 


6,489 
3,286 
4,121 

13,948 
44,469 
4,381 
3.401 


Colored. 


ToUl. 


6,952 

315 

27,807 

4.481 
10,306 

4,806 
2.872 
5.687 
1,584 
2,929 

4.494 
3.230 
6,842 
2,142 
13,683 

5,508 
1,608 
5.183 
7,961 

10,575 
4,426 
4,8i;2 
4,081 


Negro. 


27.1W4 
4.481 
10,206 

4,858 
2.871 
6,087 
1.579 
2,929 

4,494 
3,228 
6,842 
2,142 
13,683 

5,507 
1,608 
5,183 
7,9t>l 

10,527 
4,417 
4,861 
4,081 


Indian. 

Honico- 
llui. 

1 

8 

1 

1 ^' 

i 


2 

1 

48 

I 

2 

1 

willies, 
1790. 

IWO.  ' 

.'.87 

27 

iM 

7H1 

l,9M 

1,913 

9M 

1,726 

1,413 

1,«83 

722 

348 

721 

1,003 

au 

33 

1,394 

704 

124 
116 
62 
53 

1,038 

1.176 

754 

1,2.55 

1,211 

1.534  , 

89 
1,420  I 
1,474 


NORTH    CAROLINA. 


395.005 


53.709 


12.462 
4,022  i 
4,988 
5,220  ' 
5,380 
5,949 
5.477 
5,439 
4,820 

34,393 


5.235 
8,7.'M 
3,870 
6,053 
6,343 
6,162 

04,848 


289. 181 


33.568 


6.903 
2,954 
2.360 
4.002 
3.076 
3.269 
3.790 
3.519 
3,635 

28,112 


4.365 
6, 407 
3.487 
4.415 
4. 5.33 
4,845 

37,955 


105.824 


20.201 


5.499 
1.068 
2.628 
1.218 
2,310 
2.680 
1.687 
1.920 
1,191 

6.281 


S70 

2.203 

383 

6:<8 

810 
1,317  I 

26.893 


;.041 


,893.810        1.263.603  I     O. 


5.687  I 


1.048 


19.153  I 


110.615 


>.455  I 


378 
30 
41 

115 
93 

232 
87 
37 
35 


41 

83 

12 

55 

277 

140 

1.364 


10.265 
7.502 

14.310 
6,010 
7.390 
9.992 
9,379 

m,  971 


10,090 
9,101 

10.982 

12,210 
7.318 

10. 198 


7.02S 
4.704 
7.170 
4.085 
5,189 
5.120 
4,599 


3.2.77 
2.7:i8 
7.  HO 
1.925 
2.201 
4.S72 
4,7S0 


70 

37 
443 

96 
193 
458 

07 


45,820         14.151 


7.593 
0.504  I 
10.055 

0.S34 
7,540  I 


2,808 
1,568 
4.478 
2. 101 
484 
2,652 


72 
10 
315 
101 
24 
ISO 


5.121 
l,ai8 
2.  .587 
1.10) 
2.217 
2.448 
1.000 
1.883 
1,150 

5,073 


829 
2.180 
371 
583 
533 
1,177 

25,529 


3. 167 
2.701 
6.l»7 
1.829 
2,008 
4.414 
4,713 

13.449 


20.538 
.5.474 
10.2.58 
8.413 
10.413 
14.294 
13.0t« 
10.091  I 
17,474 

190,881 


35.897 
44,067 
23,622 
28.408 
40,371 
24,616 

184,029 


as. 474 
25.111. 
30.793 
15.383 
32. 419 
21.1.W 
21,594 

242,575 


8.717 
3.283 
4.406 
6.409 
5,009 
5.895 
0.630 
.5.  OSS 
10,418 

112,522 


20.002 
26.810 
15.773 
13.801 
19.577 
16,469 

83,827 


10.904 
12.078 
1I,0(« 
8.050 
18.887 
9.0.11 
7,211 

148,918 


2,730 
1,558 
4. 103 

2.060 

460 

2  472 


31,713 
23.912 
37.504 
64.584  , 
28,232 
5<;.li30  . 


16,491 
15,573 
17, 170 
43,593 
24, 500 
31,525 


11,821 

11.821 

2.191 

2.191 

6.8.52 

5.8.50 

2.004 

2.004 

4.804 

4.804 

8.  .199 

8.391 

7.ai0 

7.027 

5.003 

5.003 

7.056 

7,050 

84,359  !   80.347 


15.805 
17,257 

7,849 
14.007 
20.794  , 

8,047 


1.5.805 
17.256 

7.849 
14.473 
16,917 

8.047 


101.102  '     101,095 


4.012 


.104 
751  I 
820  , 
445  l 
.  I    540 
328 

I   223 


134 

3,877 


21.570 
12.4.38 
19,733 
7,327  , 
13.532 
12,119 
14.383 


12.438    . 

19,7.13 :. 

7.327  I. 
13,529  1. 
12.118 
14.383    . 


190 
350 
110 
145 
179 
272 

709 


93,657    '      93.652 


16,222 
8.339 

20,328 

20.991 
3.672 

25,105 


16.222  I. 

8  339  I 
20.328  . 
20.9'i7  '. 

3.672  :. 
25.104  !. 


461 
.575 
990 
471 
424 
9i52 
1.039 

309 


1    . 


386 


.151 


'  .Vrea  covered  In  lOOn  liy  \"irginla  and  West  Virginia.    Independent  cities  are  Included  In  county  totaU  for  17(10  and  1900. 

'  .\rea  coveretl  in  I'.hm)  l.y  Orange  and  Gre.-iie  counties. 

'  Area  covered  In  I'.mmi  by  Pendleton  county.  an*I  by  part  of  Highland  county. 

*  .\rea  coveretl  in  l'.»)0  bV  Prince  Ivlward  rotiniv.  an.l  by  part  of  .Vpponialtox  county. 

>  .\rea  covered  In  19110  by  K;m<loli>h  and  Tucker  counties,  an<l  by  i)arts  of  Harbour,  Pocahontas.  Prt-slon.  t'pshur,  and  Welisler  counllns. 

•  Area  covered  in  Iftu*)  bv  RoekinL'hain  e-oiinlv.  and  bv  part  of  Page  county. 

'Area  covered  in  HMK)  by  Russell,  liiiehanan."  Dickenson.  Lee,  and  Wise  counties,  and  by  parts  of  McDowell,  Scott,  and  Taiewell  counlles. 

».\rea  covered  In  I'.iixi  by  sliinan.lo;ih  county,  and  by  parts  of  Page  and  Warren  counlles. 

»  Area  covered  In  P«X)  by  Wiishingtun  county,  ami  by  parts  of  Scolt  and  Smyth  counties. 

io.\n.acoven'd  in  PiOO  eoexU'Usivc  wilh  that  of  K'.KJ. 

"  .\rea  eoverid  In  l'.«iO  bv  Currituck  counlv.  and  bv  part  of  Dare  county. 

»  Ana  lovered  in  l»X)  bv  Tvrrell  and  Washington  counties,  and  by  part  of  Dan>  county. 

» .\rea  coveri'd  in  l'.«ii)  bv  .V'nson  countv.  and  by  part  of  I'nion  county. 

i<  .\na  covered  in  I'.iiiO  bv  Harnett  couiitv,  and  by  part  of  Cumberland  county. 

"  .\n'a  eoviTed  In  l'.'i*)  bv  Richmond  and  Scotland  countl.-s. 

K  .\rea  covered  in  I'.iiH)  bv  Sam[ison  countv,  wilh  the  exception  of  a  small  sretlon 

"  .\rea  covi'pd  In  I'JiK)  bv  lulg.  comb.'  county,  and  by  part  of  Wilson  county. 

w  .\rea  coveri'd  in  l'.ti«)  bv  part  of  p'ranklin  coimty. 

'»  Ana  covepd  in  PKV)  bv  Nash  countv.  and  by  part  of  Wilson  coimty. 

=0  Vrea  covend  in  I'.kki  bv  Warren  counlv.  and  by  part  of  Nance  county. 

==  Area  covend  In  l'.«K1  bv  Caswell  and  Person  counties. 

•^Areacoven-d  in  I!«KI  bv  Cranville  countv,  and  by  parts  of  \  aner  and  Franklin  counties. 

-  \rca  cov.nd  In  IIKX)  by  Orange  and  .Vlainanee  counties,  and  by  part  of  Durham  county. 

s<  Area  covered  In  I'JOO  by  Wake  countv,  and  by  part  of  Durham  county. 


228 
92 
63 
6« 
l,4«3 

636 

248 

1,577 

l,«I2 

7St 

90 

1,110 

1,200 


494 


Mi  1 

DM 

700 

362 

1.114 

i.3se 

667 
1,328 

313 
856 

1.423 
1,080 


714 


787 
644 

498 

1,049 

864 

489 

1.306 


1,276 
981 

1.784 
910 
716 

1.312 

1,995 

cat 


923 

535 
1,184 
4KI 
1» 
796 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


206 

Table  105  -WHITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  EACH  COUNTY  REPORTED  IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF 
lABLE  xuo^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OF  COLORED  PER  1.000  WHITES-Continued. 

NORTH    CAROLINA— Continued. 


POPULATION  IN 

1790. 

POPULATION  IN   1900. 



Num- 
ber of 
colored 
persons 
per 
1,000 
whites, 
1790. 

Num- 

COTJNTT- 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

negroes 
per 
1.000 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Negro. 

Indian. 

1 
Mongo- 
lian. 

whites, 
1900. 

Morgan  district 

33,317 

30,687 

2,630 

13 

2,617 

423,676 

373,248 

50,428 

49,027 

1,401 

88 

131 

Burke  i 

8,106 
9,246 
7,808 
8,157 

55,683 

7.497 
8.391 
7,197 
7,602 

38,800 

609 
855 
611 
555 

16,883 

9 

600 
855 
609 
553 

16.042 

150,376 
71,031 

138,676 
ta,  593 

218,855 

134,633 
56,081 

124,212 
58,322 

127,391 

15, 743 
14,950 
14,464 
5,271 

91,464 

15,057 

14,950 

13,  758 

5,262 

91,454 

686 

81 
112 
85 
73 

435 

112 
267 

Lincoln  • 

2 
2 

841 

706 
9 

10 

111 

Wilkes*                   

71S 

Newbera  district 

5,405 
3,734 
10, 474 
6,994 
4,204 
5,691 
4.796 
8,270 
6,115 

66,927 

3,655 
2,932 
6,474 
4,936 
3,024 
4,298 
3,071 
5,881 
4,529 

58,425 

1,750 
802 
4,000 
2,058 
1,180 
1,393 
1,725 
2,389 
1,586 

8,502 

128 
93 

337 
46 
37 
65 
70 
25 
40 

249 

1,622 
709 
3,063 
2,012 
1,143 
1,328 
1,655 
2.364 
1,546 

8.253 

27,372 
11,344 
31,704 
30, 677 
10,265 
35,003 
8,226 
30, 889 
33,375 

388, 126 

16,002 
9,297 
14,472 
16, 852 
6,132 
25,678 
4,466 
15,397 
19,095 

286,  716 

11,370 
2,047 
17,232 
13,825 
4,133 
9,325 
3,760 
15.492 
14,280 

101.410 

11,368 
2,047 
17,228 
13,824 
4,133 
9,325 
3,760 
15, 492 
14,277 

101,392 

2 

479 
274 
618 
417 
390 
324 
662 
406 
350 

146 

710 

4 
1 

1,190 

820 

674 

363 

842 

1,006 

3 
12 

748 

Salisbury  district 

6 

354 

(;  nil  ford  11                 

7,300 
5,430 

11,360 
5,039 
6,211 

15,972 
8,423 
7,192 

26,097 

6,657 
4,569 
9,685 
4,191 
5,088 
14,129 
7,633 
6,483 

15,814 

643 

871 

1,675 

848 

1,123 

1,843 

790 

709 

10,283 

27 
3 

67 
11 
10 
102 
12 
17 

216 

616 

868 

1,608 

837 

1,113 

1,741 

778 

692 

10,067 

39,074 
34,310 
90,853 
29,417 
33,163 
67, 497 
54,214 
39,598 

128, 153 

27, 969 
26,508 
67,009 
23,936 
21,544 
53,380 
40,866 
35,604 

74,526 

11,105 

7,802 

33,844 

5,481 

11,619 

14,117 

13,348 

4,094 

53,627 

11,103 

7,802 

33,842 

5,481 

11,617 

14,110 

13.346 

4,091 

53,355 

1 

1 

97 
191 
173 
202 
221 
130 
103 
109 

650 

397 

294 

2 

594 

229 

2 
3 
2 
2 

13 

539 

4 

264 

Stokes  '^ 

327 

1 
259 

115 

Wilmington  district     

716 

Bladen  '^         

5,100 
3,070 
5,663 
6,837 
5,427 

3,356 
1,556 
4,274 
3.032 
3,596 

1,744 
1,514 
1,389 
3,805 
1,831 

58 
3 
3 
68 
84 

1,686 
1,511 
1,386 
3,737 
1,747 

34,230 
18,  548 
22,405 
41,030 
11,940 

21,891 
10,512 
13,877 
19.916 
8,330 

12,339 
8,036 
8,528 

21,114 
3,610 

12,194 
7,922 
8,528 

21.101 
3.610 

145 
114 

520 
973 
325 
1,255 
509 

557 

726 

Dunlin  U 

615 

is 

1,081 

433 

SOUTH     CAROLINA. 


The  State 

249,073 

140, 178 

108,895 

1,801 

107,094 

1,340,316 

557,807 

782,509 

782,321 

121 

67 

777 

1,402 

Beaufort  district  ^ 

18,753 
38,265 
66,985 
10,706 
22,122 
73,729 
18,513 

4,364 
29,242 
16,402 
7,418 
8,878 
62,462 
12,412 

14,389 
9,023 

51,583 
3,288 

13,244 

11,267 
6,101 

153 
158 
950 
59 
113 
198 
170 

14,236 
8,865 

50,633 
3,229 

13, 131 

11,069 
5,931 

59,233 
358, 8M 
166,955 

94,016 
129,214 
349,644 
182,471 

11,585 
96.707 
50,266 
41,990 
58,833 
233,589 
64,&37 

47,648 
262,177 
116,689 
62,026 
70,381 
116,955 
117,634 

47,639 
262,092 
116,639 
52,023 
70,347 
115,952 
117,629 

9 
13 

36  1 

2  ' 

3  ■ 
3 

1| 

3,297 
309 

3,349 
443 

1.492 
180 
492 

4,112 

Camden  district  ^              

72 
14 

2.710 

2,320 

Cheraw  district  ^f' 

1,239 

Georgetown  district  ^ 

31 

1,196 

Ninety-six  district  *^            .  . 

496 

Orangeburgh  district  ® 

4 

1,814 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Burke,  Madison,  Yancey,  and  Mitchell  counties,  and  by  parts  of  McDowell,  Haywood,  Swain,  Buncombe,  Caldwell,  Watauga,  and  Alexander 
counties. 

3  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Lincoln,  Gaston,  and  Catawba  counties,  and  by  part  of  Cleveland  county. 

a  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Cherokee,  Graham,  Macon,  Jackson,  Transylvania,  Henderson,  Polk,  Rutherford,  and  Clay  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Swain,  Cleveland,  Bun- 
combe, Haywood,  and  McDowell  counties. 

*  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Ashe  and  Wilkes  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Alleghany,  Watauga,  Alexander,  and  Caldwell  counties. 

6  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Beaufort  county,  and  by  part  of  Pamiico  county. 

6  Area  covered  in  1900  by  part  of  Carteret  county. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Craven  county,  and  by  parts  of  Pamlico  and  Carteret  counties. 

8  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Lenoir  and  Greene  counties. 

B  .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Hyde  county,  and  by  part  of  Dare  county. 

10  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Johnston  county,  and  by  part  of  Wilson  county. 

11  Area  covered  in  lOiX)  coextensive  with  that  of  1790. 

12  Area  covered  in  19i.tO  by  Wayne  county,  and  by  part  of  Wilson  county. 

13  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Iredell  county,  and  by  part  of  Alexander  county. 

n  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Mecklenburg  and  Cabarrus  counties,  and  by  part  of  Union  county. 
15  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Montgomery  and  Stanly  counties. 

18  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Davie,  Rowan,  and  Davidson  counties,  and  by  part  of  Forsyth  county. 
IT  Areacovored  in  1900  by  Stokes  county,  and  by  part  of  Forsyth  county. 

19  Areacovend  in  1900  by  Yadkin  and  Surry  counties,  and  by  part  of  Alleghany  county. 

19  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Bladen  countv,  and  by  parts  of  Cumberland  and  Columbus  counties. 

20  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Brunswick  county,  and  oy  part  of  Columbus  county. 

21  Area  covered  in  1900  by  New  Hanover  and  Pender  counties,  and  by  part  of  Sampson  county. 

22  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Beaufort  and  Hampton  counties. 

S3  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chester,  Clarendon.  Fairfield.  Kershaw,  Lancaster,  Richland,  Sumter,  and  York  counties,  and  by  part  of  Florence  county. 
2^  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Tharleston,  Colleton,  and  Dorchester  counties,  and  bv  part  of  Berkeley  county. 
^'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chesterfield.  Darlington,  and  Marlboro  counties,  and'by  part  of  Florence  countv. 

2fi  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Georgetown,  Horry,  Marion,  and  Williamsburg  counties,  and  bv  parts  of  Florence  and  Berkelev  counties. 

5"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Abbeville,  Anderson,  Cherokee,  Edgefield.  Greenville,  Greenwood,  Laurens.  Newberrv,  Oconee,  Pickens,  Saluda,  Spartanburg,  and  Union 
counties,  and  by  pari  of  Aiken  countv. 

23  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Bamberg,  Barnwell,  Lexington,  and  Orangeburg  counties,  and  bv  part  of  Aiken  county. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


207 


Table  105.-WniTE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  EACH  COUNTY  REPORTED  IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITU  THVT  OF 
THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMBER  OF  COLORED  PER  1,000  WHITES-Continued. 

CEORGIA. 


The  state 

Burke" 

(.";iiii<len» 

rimttmm> 

Kllinnham* 

Fr,inklin» 

(;lyii« 

Greene' 

Liberty » 

Hiclirnond'. . . . 
Washington  lo, . 
Wilks" 


POPULATION  I.N   1790. 


Total. 


82,548 


9,467 

305 

10,769 

2,421 

1,011 

413 

5,405 
5,35o 

11,317 
4,552 

31,500 


White. 


Colored. 


Total. 


52,880         29,(i«2 


7,064 

221 

2,456 

1.674 

885 

193 

4.020 
1.303 
7,162 
3.8.56 
24,052 


2,403 
84 

8,313 
750 
\S6 
220 

1..-J85 
4,052 
4.155 
696 
7.448 


Free. 


11 

14 

112 


2 
180 


29,264 


2,392 
70 

8,201 
750 
156 
215 

1,377 

4,025 

4,116 

694 

7,208 


Total. 


Slave. 


040,538 


48,744 
12, 126 
74,299 
19,546 
119.324 
19,443 

36,409 
25.839 
.W.347 
132,9(i8 
96.433 


POPULATION   IN   1900. 


Colored. 


Num- 
ber of 

eol-.n-ii 


Num- 
I'^rof 


While. 


297.007 


12.792 
5.933 

31,414 
9,(01 

7<<,304 
9,118 

10,346 
9,972 
27,981 
69,470 
33.986 


ToUl.    ,;   Negro. 


343.531        343.421 


Indian. 


U.M6 
42.930 
10,325 

26,123 

15,867 
27,3ii<> 
63,498 
62,447 


4.'  '.; 
lu...;- 

26,123  I 
15,867 
27,325  I 
63,498  I 
62,446  'i 


Monito-    wl'U", 


51 


,1790. 

1900. 

601 

I.IU 

340 

2,811 

380 

1,044 

3,3SS 

1,304 

448 

i,aw 

m 

ua 

1,140 

1,131 

345 

2,.';2'i 

3,110 

i,.'«i 

UD 

•77 

1» 

914 

310 

I,8l7 

KENTUCKY. 


The  state    . .         

73,677 

61.133 

12,544 

114 

12,430 

'    2.147,174 

1,8I'>2,309 

284,Sfi5 

284.706 

102 

57 

205 

153 

7,837 
18, 410 
4,765 
6,548 
5,772 

2,729 
7,091 
11,315 
9.210 

6.929 
14.626 
3,857 
5,446 
5,035 

2,500 
5,745 
10,032 
6,963 

908 
3,784 

908 
1,102 

737 

229 
1,346 
1,283  ' 
2,247 

908 
3,752 

903 
1,094 

737 

229 
1,339 
1,248 
2,220 

181,378 
61,601 
297.723 
756.996 
82,798 

292,521 

33.750 

286.224 

174, 183 

159,832 

41,930 

243,250 

642.753 

73,882 

283,613 
26,591 
237,517 
152,941 

21,546 

19,671 

54,473 

114,243 

8,916 

8,906 

7,159 

28,707 

21,242 

21.542 

19.669 

54.470 

'     114.212 

8,916 

8,811 

7.159 

28. 70S 

21.222 

4 
2 
2 
15 

131 
2SB 
235 
202 

140 

»2 
234 
128 
323 

135 

FaviHtf  i» 

32 
5 
8 

Jellerson  i*     

1 
!• 

224 

Lincoln  » 

178 

Madison  '• 

121 

Mason"    

85 

12 

31 

Mercer  i» 

7 
35 
27 

2S9 

Nelson  w      

..  . 
2 
20 

121 

Woodford  » 

139 

'  .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Burke  county,  and  by  parts  of  Jefferson  and  Screven  counties. 
».\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Camden  and  Charlton  counties,  and  by  part  of  Wayne  county. 

*  .\rea  cover('<l  in  l'.t(H)  by  Chatham  county,  and  bv  part  of  Bryan  county. 

*  .\rea  covered  in  lytMl  bv  !-;tlin^:ham  county,  and  bv  pan  of  Screven  coiinty. 

»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Franklin,  Banks,  Jackson,  Hart,  and  KIbcrt  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Oconee.  Clarke,  and  Madison  counties. 

•Area  covered  in  1900  by  tilvnn  counlv,  and  bv  part  of  Wavne  county. 

'.\rea  covered  in  1900  bv  parts  o(  Creene,  Hancock.  Oconee,'  Oglelhorpe.  Taliaferro,  and  Baldwin  counties. 

»  Area  covered  In  I'.HKJ  by  Liberty  and  Mcintosh  counties,  and  by  part  of  Tattnall  county. 

*  Area  covered  in  l'.»00  by  Rlchniond  county,  and  by  part  of  Jefferson  county. 

"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Washington,  Bulloch,  ICraanuel,  and  Johnson  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Baldwin,  Bryan,  Hancock,  Jefferson,  Laurens,  Montgomery,  and 
Tattnall  counties.  .  —  .    , 

"  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Wilkes,  Columbia,  Glascock.  Lincoln,  McDuffie,  and  Warren  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Clarke,  Cireene,  Madison,  Ofilethorpe,  and  Tallafent) 

"  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Bourbon,  Montgomery,  Bath,  Letcher.  Powell.  Wolfe.  Menifee,  and  Knott  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Clark,  Harrison,  Pendleton,  Floyd, 

Nicholas,  Estill.  Harlan,  Perry,  Pike.  Morgan.  Breathitt.  Mapoffin,  l.oe.  and  Le.illc  counties. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Kavetie  and  Jessamine  countlns.  and  by  part  of  Clark  county.  „        _,       j 

"  \rea  covered  in  19(X)  by  Shdbv.  Henri-,  Oldham,  Trimble,  and  Jefferson  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Franklin,  Bullitt.  Spencer,  Carroll,  and  Anderson  eo„nii.... 

u  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Liiiculn.  I.oron.  Pulaski.  Christian.  Warren.  Cumberland,  MuhlenlH-rc  Barren,  Knox.  Wayne.  CiL«<-y.  LIvlnpiton.  Hopkliu.  i  '  n. 

Mien.  Whitley,  .'Simpson.  Todd.  Monroe,  TricK,  Hickman,  Calloway,  Graves,  McCnuken.  Laurel,  Kussell.  Clinton.  Crlttend.'n,  Marshall.  It;illard,  Fulton,  i  '■■; 

Webster,  and  Carlisle  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Green.  Garrard,  Henderson,  Adair,  (lay,  Pvockcastie,  Butler,  Hart,  Edmoii.son,  Boyle,  Taylor,  McU-an,  an.; ...-i.vs. 

w  Areacovercd  in  1900  by  Madison,  Owsley,  and  Jackson  counUes,  and  by  parts  of  Garrard,  Clay,  tslUI,  Uockcaslle,  Perry,  Breathitt,  Lee,  LcsUe,  Harlan,  and  Bell 

"  .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Mason,  Bracken,  Fleming  Greenup,  Lewis,  Lawrence,  Carter,  Johnson,  Rowan,  Boyd,  Elliott,  Martin,  Robertson,  and  Campbell  counties, 
and  by  parts  of  Floyd,  Nicholas,  I'ike.  Morgan,  Magothn.  IVndlctun,  and  Harrison  counties. 

i«Areacovered"ln  1900  by  Mercercounty. and  by  partsol  Franklin,  Anderson,  Garrard, and  Boylecounties.  _-.  „f ,-,.««, 

1'  \rea  covered  in  19(KI  by  NcNon,  Washington,  llardin.  t)hio,  Br«'klnridBe,  Grayson.  Daviess.  Meade,  Hancock,  Marion,  and  Laruo  counUes,  and  by  part»  of  tirwsn, 
Bu'llt't,  Butler,  Hart,. s,„.nc.r,  Kdiimnson,  Anderson.  McLean,  Taylor,  Adair,  and  Henderson  counties.  ,  „  _,    „    i.-„„i,ii„   ,.„„ii  .„h  P.nrfl.i.>n  ~...niL« 

»o  Area  cov^ed  in  I'JOO  by  Uoodford,  Scott,  Boone,  Grant,  OaUatin,  Owen,  and  Kenton  counlles,  and  by  parts  of  Harrison,  1  rankUn,  t  anoU,  and  Pendleton  coiintla. 


208 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  106  -WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  STATE  AND  TERRITORY  REPORTED  IN 
"  1790   COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE. 


WHITE 

POPtJU-TIOX 

IN  1790. 

■WHITE   POPULATION  IN  190O. 

All  ages. 

16  years 
and  over. 

Under 
16  years. 

All  ages. 

16  years  and  over. 

Under  16  years. 

STATE  OR  TEKRITOBT. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over 
white 
popula- 
tion in 
1790. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over 
white 
popula- 
tion in 
1790. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease 
over 
white 
popula- 
tion in 
1790. 

BOTH  SEXES. 

Continental  United  States 

3,172,444 

1,619,184 

1,553,260 

'66,893,403 

2,008.6 

43,046,595 

2,558.5 

23,846,810 

1,435.3 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

3,172,444 

1,619,184 

1,553,260 

29,564,821 

831.9 

19,474,777 

1,102.8 

10,090,044 

549.  6- 

New  England 

992,384 

526,094 

466,290 

5,527,026 

456.9 

3.916,531 

644. 5 

1,610,495 

245.4 

Maine 

96,107 
141,112 

85,072 
373, 187 

64,670 
232,236 

954,003 

47,354 
72,548 
41,440 

203,318 
34,683 

126,751 

482,608 

48,753 
68,564 
43,632 

169,869 
29.987 

105, 485 

471,395 

692.226 
410,791 
342,771 
2,716,096 
472,718 
892,424 

15,264,839 

620.3 
191.1 
302.9 
627.8 
631.0 
284,3 

1.500.1 

491,434 
297,804 
241,914 
1,929,747 
328, 555 
027,077 

10,292,527 

937.8 
310.5 
483.  8 
849.1 
847.3 
394.7 

2,032.7 

200,792 
112,987 
100,857 
786,349 
144,163 
265,347 

4,972,312 

311.9 

64.8 

131.2 

362.9 

380.8 

151.5 

Middle  states  .                         

964.8 

314,366 

169,954 

423,373 

46,310 

1,226,057 

159,276 
87,203 

212,699 
23,430 

610,482 

155,090 
82,751 

210,674 
22,880 

615,575 

7,156,881 

1,812,317 

6,141,664 

153,977 

8.772,956 

2,176.6 
966.4 

1,350.7 
232.5 

615.5 

4,944,668 

1,220,587 

4,023.718 

103,554 

5,265,719 

3,004.5 

1.299.7 

1.791.7 

342.0 

762.6 

2,212,213 

591,730 

2,117,946 

50,423 

3,507,237 

1,326.4 

616. 1 

905.3 

120.4 

469.7 

Xfary^infi  flnrl  Di^trift.  of  rnlnmhin 

208,649 
442,117 
289,181 
140, 178 
52,886 
61,133 
31,913 

114,806 
222,459 
139,239 
67,016 
24,814 
27,790 
14,358 

93,843 
219,658 
149,942 
73,162 
28,072 
33,343 
17,555 

1,143.956 
2.108.088 
1,263,603 
557, 807 
297,007 
1,862,309 
1,540,186 

37,328,584 

448.3 
376.8 
337.0 
297.9 
461.6 
2,946.3 
4,726.2 

762,703 
1,263,882 
723.060 
324,751 
173,399 
1,110,743 
907,181 

23,571,818 

564.3 
468.1 
419.3 
384.6 
598.8 
3,896.9 
6,218.3 

381,253 
844,206 
540,543 
233,056 
123,608 
751,566 
633,005 

13,736,766 

306.3 

^'i^?"i^ia  and  West  Vircinia 

284.3 

260.5 

218.5 

Georgia     

340.3 

Kentucky 

2,154.0 

Tennp^spp 

3,505.8 

MALES. 

1,615,701 

815,098 

800,663 

34,285,307 

2,021.9 

22,223,462 

2,626.5 

12,061,843 

1.406.5 

1,615,761 

815, 098 

800. 663 

J4, 831, 668 

817.9 

9.738.805 

1.094.8 

5,092,863 

536.1 

New  KnglariH 

494,254 

255,048 

239,206 

2,730,121 

452.4 

1,922,793 

653.9 

807, 326 

237  5 

49,074 
70,929 
44,710 

182,712 
31,801 

115,028 

490, 153 

24.  .341 
36, 074 
22. 405 
95.433 
16.  o.->i; 
60,739 

251,408 

24,733 
34, 855 
22,305 
87.279 
15.745 
54,289 

2.38.745 

349.786 
204, 931 
174.641 
1,323,178 
231.232 
446,353 

7,665,449 

012.8 
188.9 
290.6 
624.2 
627.1 
288.0 

1,463.9 

248.310 
148.474 
123,  596 
931,082 
157,931 
313, 402 

5, 165, 431 

9201 
311.6 
451.6 
875.6 
883.6 
416.0 

1,954.6 

101,476 
56,437 
51,045 

392,096 
73.301 

132,951 

2,300.018 

New  Hampshire 

61  0 

365  6 

Connecticut 

144.9 

Middle  states 

162,073 
86.667 

217,487 
23,926 

631,354 

83,815 
45,251 
110,539 
11,783 

308,642 

78,2.58 
41,416 
106,928 
12,143 

322,712 

3,558,116 

906,543 

3,122.304 

78,486 

4.436,098 

2,095.4 
946.0 

1,335.6 
228.0 

602.6 

2, 448, 151 

610,039 

2,054,286 

52,935 

2,650,579 

2,820.9 

1,248.2 

1,758.1 

349.2 

7.38.8 

1,109,965 

296,484 

1,068,018 

25,551 

1.785.519 

615  9 

Pennsvlvania 

898.8 
110.4 

433.3 

Southern  states 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia. . 

107,254 
227, 071 
147,825 
73,298 
27, 147 
32,211 
16,548 

53, 913 
110,936 
70, 172 
35,576 
13, 103 
15, 154 
7,786 

51,3.39 
110.135 
77,6.53 
37,722 
14,044 
17,057 
8,762 

666,316 
1,070.009 
632, 155 
281, 147 
149,721 
948,048 
782,702 

19, 4.33, 639 

428.0 
373.9 
327.6 
283.6 
451.6 
2,843.2 
4,629.9 

374, 578 
645,869 
356,589 
161,778 
87,122 
565, 703 
458,938 

12, 484, 657 

569.9 
482.2 
408.2 
354.7 
5(i4.  9 
3, 633. 0 
5,794.4 

191,738 
430, 140 
275, 566 
119,369 
62,599 
382,343 
323,764 

6,968,982 

Virj-inia  and  West  Virginia 

270.4 
254.9 
216.4 
345.7 
2,141.6 
3,595.1 

South  Carolina 

KontuckT 

■"■| 

'  Includes  84,209  persons  in  the  military  and  naval  seriMce  stationed  abroad. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


209 


Table  lOG.-WEITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  STATE  AND  TERRITORY  REPORTED  IN 
1790,  COMPARED  WITU  TUAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE-Continued. 


- 

WHITE  POPULAUON 

M  1790. 

wmTE  rorOLATioN  oc  1900. 

AU  ages. 

10  years 
and  over. 

Under 
16  years. 

All  ages. 

10  years  and  over. 

Percent 
or  In- 
crease 

poptlln- 
tlon  In 
1790. 

Under  10 

yean. 

STATE    OR   TERRITORY. 

Number. 

Percent 
of  In-     I 
crease 
over 
white 
popula* 
tlon  In 
1790. 

Number. 

Per  cent 
or  In- 
crease 
over 
wlilte 
[Hiptila- 
(lun  In 
I7S0. 

FEMALES. 

Continental  United  States 

I,. 556, 683 

804,086 

1 
752.  '■'- 

O..    ,-n«    009 

1,994.7  jl  20,823,133 

,,,..- 

l,«lS.t 

1.550,0X3 

804.080 

75L' 

1,  , 
635.0 

S04.O 

1,993,730 

498,130 

271,040 

227,084 

Z.  790, 905 

401.5  : 

803. 1)» 

253.7 

Maine 

47,033 
70, 1S3 
40,302 

190,475 
32,800 

117,208 

463,850 

23,013 
30,474 
19,035 
107,885 
18,027 
66,012 

231,200 

24,020 
33,709 
21,327 
82,590 
14,242 
51,190 

232.050 

342,  440 
.      205, 8<» 
168,  130 
1,392,918 
241,480 
446,071 

7,599,390 

028.1 
193.3 
310.  6 
031.3 
634.7 
280.6 

1,538.3 

243, 124 
149,  .330 
118.318 
998,005 
170,024 
313,675 

5,127,096 

9.50.  ,j 
309.4 
.521.0 
825.7 
816.0 
375.2 

2.117.6 

99,310 
50,530 
49, 812 

394,263 
70,802 

132,390 

2,472,294 

313.5 

Vermont 

133.6 

Rhode  Island 

397  6 

158.6 

Middle  states 

902.7 

152.293 
83,287 

20'),  880 
22,384 

594,703 

75,461 
41,9.52 
102, 140 
11,647 

301,840 

70.832 

41. .135 

103,746 

10,737 

292,803 

3,598.765 

9a-.,  774 

3,019,300 

75,491 

4,33«,85S 

2,263.1 
987.5 

2,490,517 

3,208.4 

1,3,5,5.3 

1,828.2 

334.0 

766.4 

1,102,248 

295,240 

1,049,92H 

24,872 

1.721,718 

1,. 134.0 

New  Jersey 

014.3 

l,3<i0.5   1     1,9<»,4.12 
237. 3              .50. 019 

912.0 

Delaware 

131.6 

Southern  states 

629.2 

2,615,140 

487.9 

Maryland  and  Distriet  of  Columbia 

101,395 
215,046 
141,356 
60,880 
25,7.'W 
28,922 
15,365 

58,891 
111,523 
09,067 
31,440 
11,711 
12,636 
1           6,572 

42..i04 
103.523 
72,289 
a5,440 
14,028 
16,280 
8,793 

.577.040 
1,032.079 
031,448 
270,  C<» 
147,280 
914.201 
757,484 

17,874,945 

4<i9.7 
379.9 
340.7 
313.7 
472.2 
3,001.1 
4,829.9 

388.12.5 
018,013 
300,471 
102. 973 
80,277 
545,038 
448,243 

]  11,087,161 

.M9. 1 
4.54.2 
4.».0 
4ia4 
(VTO.  7 
4.213.4 
6,72aS 

189,515 
414.000 
204,977 
113,087 
01,009 
300,223 
309.241 

0,787,784 

34.5. 9 

3oao 

North  Carolina \ 

200.6 

23a8 

334.9 

Kentucky 

2. 167. 1 

3,41&B 

1 

210 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  107.-WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  OF  THE  COUNTIES  REPORTED 

MAINE. 


The  state 

Cumberland'.. 

Hancock' 

Lincoln  3 

Washington  <.. 
York' 


BOTH  SEXES. 


1790 


96,107 


25,351 
9,504 

29,592 
2,740 

28,920 


1900 


692,226 


Percent  of 
increase. 


620. 27 


175,364 
101,503 
200, 152 
79,126 
76,081 


591.  74  I 
1,599.32 

576.  37  I 
2,787.81 

163. 07  I 


All  ages. 


1790 


49,074 


1900 


349,786 


12,832 
4,964 

15,347 
1,402 

14,469 


84,282 
83,l.'i7 
103,705 
40,684 
37,978 


Per  cent  of 
increase. 


612. 77 


556.81 
1,574.80 

575.  73 
2,682.76 

162.  48 


16  years  and  over. 


1790 


24,341 


6,208 
2,435 
7,668 
754 
7,276 


1900 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 


The  state 

Cheshire' 

Grafton' 

Hillsborough!". 
Rockingham'" . 
Straflord  " 


141,112 

28. 605 
13,419 
32, 707 
42,795 
23,520 


410,791  I 

48,255 
74,«73 
128,881 
84,835 
74, 147 


191. 11 

68.34 
456.  47 
294. 05 

98.24 
215. 17 


70, 929 

14.575 
7,079 
16, 537 
20,808 
11,930 


204, 931 

24, 241 
39,115 
62,542 
42.290 
36, 743 


188.92  ! 

66.32 
452. 55 
278. 19 
103.  24 
207. 99 


36,074 


7,008 
3,708 
8,145 
11.141 
6,012 


VEKMONT. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


248,310 


00,524 
58,334 
76,043 
20,187 
27,222 


Percent  of 
increase. 


148,474 


17,618 
28,354 
43, 968 
31,. 503 
27, 031 


920. 13 


874.  94 
2,295.  65 

891.  69 
3,373.  08 

274.13 


311.58 


151.  40 
652.  49 
439.82 
182.  77 
349.  62 


1 

The  state 

85,072 

342,771 

302.92 

44,  710 

174,641 

290.01 

22,405 

123,596 

451.64  1 

6,383 
12,173 

7,264 
10,485 
15. 558 
17,514 
15, 695 

19,648 
21,536 
106,724 
90,774 
44.898 
26, 593 
32,598 

207.82 

76.92 

1,369.22 

765.  75 

188.58 
51.84 

107.70 

3,424 
6,308 
4.012 
5,038 
8,088 
9,088 
8,152 

10, 028 
10,901 
54, 082 
47,043 
22,718 
13,411 
16, 458 

192.87 

72.81 

1,248.01 

734.  39 

180.  89 
47.57 

101.89 

1,768 
3.103 
2,251 
2,873 
3,990 
4.416 
4,004 

6,933 
.7,008 
37,300 
33,729 
16,004 

9,866 
12,096 

292.  14 
147. 12 
1,557.04 
1,074.00 
301. 10 
123.41 
202.10 

^ 

Chittenden'*                

5 

Orange  '^                                

6 

ff 

1 

The  state 

373,187 

2,716,096 

627.81 

182,712 

1,323,178 

624. 19 

95,433 

931,082 

875.64 

? 

16,970 
29,940 
30,960 
3,2.30 
57,007 
59,205 

42,177 
4,521 
29,013 
43,803 
66,355 

26,971 
94,400 
194,556 
4,256 
354,298 
273,043 

618,867 
2,958 
106,983 
695,047 
344,717 

58.93 
215. 30 
528.29 

31.76 
521.  50 
361. 18 

1,367.31 
'34.57 

268.74 

1,486.76 

511.69 

8,293 
15,146 
14,895 

1,534 
26,825 
30,118 

20,691 
2,218 
14,029 
20,699 
28,264 

12,795 
46,308 
94,557 
2,023 
172,069 
132,099 

297,910 

1,287 

53,505 

336,741 

173,164 

54.29 
206.14 
534.  82 

31.88 
541.  45 
340.60 

1,339.80 
'41.97 
281.  82 

1,526.85 
512.  67 

4,200 
7,356 
7,956 
823 
14,258 
15,109 

11,071 
1,201 
7,493 
11,300 
14,000 

9,395 
31,910 
04,925 

1,543 
122,311 
91,357 

209,108 

1,020 

39,192 

239,055 

120,006 

123.  09 
333.  80 
716.05 
87.43 
757.  84 
504.  65 

1,788.79 
'  15.  07 
423.05 

2,008.  .i3 
726.  48 

1 

Berkshire" 

4 

Bristol'^      .         .             

>; 

6 

Essex=» 

7 

Hampshire  *' 

9, 

0 

in 

Plvmouth^ 

11 

Suffolk  " 

1? 

RHODE  ISLAND. 


The  state 

Bristol" 

Kent" 

Newport 

Providence  2'.., 
Washington  " . , 


64,670 


472,718 


630. 97 


3,013 
8,439 
13,174 
23,518 
16,526 


12,975 
29,634 
135,085 
271,817 
23,207 


330.63 

251. 16 

925.  39 

1,055.78 

40.43 


31,801 


1,455 
4,286 
0,112 
11,641 
8,307 


231,232 


627. 98 


6,422 
14,706 
65,712 
132,905 
11,487 


341.37 

243.12 

975. 13 

1,041.70 

38.28 


16,056 


778 
2,158 
3,256 
6,155 
3,709 


157,931 


4,519 
9,869 
42,774 
92,382 
8,3S7 


883.63 


480.85 

357.  32 

1,213.70 

1,400.93 

126. 13 


^  .\rea  covered  in 
2  Area  covered  in 
8  .-Vrea  covered  in 
Penobscot  counties. 

*  .\rea  covered  in 
'  Area  covered  in 

*  Area  covered  in 
'  Decrease. 

8  Area  covered  in 

*  Area  covered  in 
'"  .\rea  covered  in 
"  Area  covered  in 
*2  Area  covered  in 
"  Area  covered  in 


1900  by  parts  of  Franklin,  Somerset,  York,  Cumberland,  .Androscoggin,  and  Oxford  counties. 

1900  by  Hancock  county,  and  by  parts  of  Waldo,  Penobscot,  Piscataquis,  and  Aroostook  counties. 

1900  by  Lincoln,  Knox,  Keimebec,  and  Sagadahoc  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Waldo,  Androscoggin,  Somerset,  Piscataquis,  Franklin,  Aroostook,  and 

1900  by  Washington  county,  and  bv  parts  of  Penobscot  and  Aroostook  counties. 
1900  by  parts  of  York,  Cumberland,  Oxford,  and  Franklin  counties. 
1900  by  Cheshire  coimty,  and  by  part  of  Sullivan  county. 

1900  by  Grafton  and  Coos  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Carroll  and  Merrimack  counties. 

1900  by  Hillsboro  county  (except  Pelham,  which  was  in  Rockingham  county  in  1790).  and  by  parts  of  Merrimack  and  Sullivan  counties. 

1900  by  Rockingham  county,  and  by  part  of  .Merrimack  county,  and  the  town  of  Pelham  (now  in  HiUsboro  county). 

1900  by  Strafford  and  Belknap  counties,  and  by  paits  of  Carroll  and  Merrimack  coimties. 

1900  by  part  of  .\ddison  county. 

1900  coextensive  with  that  of  1790. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


211 


IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF  TOE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREA.SE. 

MAINE. 


KALES— continued. 


Under  16  years. 


1790 


24,733 


6,624 

2, 52'J 

7, 679 

708 

7,193 


Per  cent  of 
Increase. 


101,476 


310.29 


23,758 
24,803 
27,  &i-2 
14.  497 
10, 75U 


258.67 

880.74 

2liO.  23 

1,947.00 

49.53 


All  ages. 


1790 


47,033 


1900         I    Pj-fcntof 
locreasu. 


12,519 
4,540 

14.245 
1,278 

14,451 


342,440  I 

91,082 
78,306 
96,447 
38,442 
38,103 


628.08 

627.65 
1,626.12 

577.  IK. 

2,907.'.« 

Itki.  l.T 


IC  yean  and  over. 


1790 


23,013 


0,124 
2.143 


1900 


243, 124 

66.S87 
.S4.l!>rt 

To,  lAl 


Per  cent  of 
Increase. 


956.43 

987.31 

2, 428  98 

'.I.Vl  .-.'.I 

•l.lrj;,   17 

212.  Isl 


Under  10  jean. 


1790 


34,020 

G,a»5 

2,397 

7,  .117 

Gtl8 

7,013 


1900 


99,310 

24. 495 
24, 170 
25,703 
14,510 
10,372 


Per  cent  of 
IncnaM. . 


NEW    BAMPSHIRE. 


VERMONT. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


313. 47 

wa.iki 

90K  34 

242  T.t 

1,979.  K, 

47.  Ml 


"  Areacoverfd  in 

1^  .\rea covered  in 
1"  -Vroacovcri'd  in 
"  .\roacovprfd  in 

18  Area  covered  In 

19  .\rea covered  in 
»  .\rpa  covered  in 
*i  .\rea covered  in 
».\reaeo\ered  in 
*•  -Vrea  covered  in 
**  .Vrea covered  In 
*  Area  covered  In 
'*  ,\rea  co\'ered  in 
»  Area  covered  in 


190Oby 
1900  hy 
1900  liy 
190O1.T 
1900  by 
19(10  hv 
19(10  hv 
1900  In- 
1900  liv 
1900  liV 
1900  I'V 
1900  bV 
19>I0  liy 
1900  by 


Franklin,  Grand  Isle,  Lamoille,  and  Chittenden  coiinlles,  and  by  parts  of  Orleans,  Addison,  and  Washington  counties. 

Essex,  Caledonia,  and  Orantic  counties,  and  by  parl5  of  Orleans  and  Wajshington  counties. 

parts  of  Rnliatid  and  .Vddi.son  conntie.s. 

\\'indsorconnIy.  and  by  partof  Rutland  county. 

Berkshire conntv.  and  by  partof  P'ranklln  county. 

parts  of  Bristol  and  Norfolk  counties,  and  by  part  of  Providence  county,  R.  I. 

part  of  Essex  county. 

parts  of  Hampshire,  Hampden.  Franklin,  and  Worcester  counties. 

parts  of  MI'Idlesex.  .Siilloik.and  Worcejilcr counties. 

parts  of  Plymouth  a:id  lirlslolcoimlies. 

parts  of  SiiiToik.  Norfolk.  Essex,  riymniith.  NfliMlesex.  and  Worre.'itor  counties. 

parts  of  Worcester,  Flampden.  Hampshire,  and  .Middlesex  counties. 

Newport  county,  and  by  part  of  Bristol  county.  Mass. 

part  of  f  rovldence  county. 


34,855 

56,  457 

61.98 

70,183 

20,5,880 

193.32  '           36,474 

149,330 

309.41 

33.709  1             56,530 

•7.70  I     1 

7,667 
3,311 

8,  392 
9,607 
5,918 

6,623 
10,761 
18,574 
10,  787 

9,712 

'12.48 

225.  01 

121.33 

11.59 

64.11 

14,090 

6,340 

16, 170 

21,987 

'           11.596 

24,014 

35.558 
66,339 
42,545 
37,404 

70.43  ' 
460. 85 
310.26 

93.50 
222.56 

7,323 
3.295 
8.404 
11,427 
6,026 

17,570 
21,092 
47,492 
31.618 
27,558 

139.93 

661. 52 
40.'..  11 

176.  ;o 

357.32 

6,767 
3.045 

7, -lie 

10,560 
5,570 

6,444 
10,4»i« 
18,847 
10,927 

8,846 

'4.77        3 

243.71         3 

142.08        4 

3.48       fi 

70.77       S 

22,305 

51,045 

■      ■ 

128.85 

40,362 

168,130  I             316.56 

;          19,035 

118,318                521.58 

21,327 

49,812 

133.  M 

1 

1,656 
3,205 
1,761 
2,765 
4,098 
4,672 
4,148 

3,095 
3,233 
16.782 
13,314 
6,  714 
3.545 
4,362 

86.90 

0.87 

852.98 

381.52 

63.84 

'  24. 12 

5.16 

2.959 
5,865 
3,252 
4.847 
7,470 
8.426 
7,543 

9,620 
10,635 
52,642 
43,731 
22,180 
13,182 
16,140 

225.11 
81.33 
1,518.76 
802.23 
196.92 
56.44 
113.97 

1,364 
2,820 
1,458 
2,241 
3, 463 
4. 128 
3,561 

6,764 
7,478 
36,104 
30.879 
1.5.  4.50 
9,771 
11,872 

395.89 
165.18 
2,376.27 
1,277.91 
346.14 
136.70 
233.38 

1.595 
3,045 
1.794 
2.80li 
4,007 
4,298 
3,982 

2,856 
3.157 
16,538 
12.852 
6,730 
3,411 
4,268 

79.06 

3.68 

821.85 

303.17 

67.95 

'20.64 

7.18 

3 

87,279 

392,096 

349. 24 

190,475 

1,392,918 

1 
031.29  , 

107,885 

998,065 

825.68 

82,590 

394,253 

377.  ai 

1 

4,093 

3,400 

I  16.93 

8,677 

14, 176 

63.37 

4,915 

10,855 

130.85 

3,762 

3,321 

'11.72 

, 

7,790 

14,458 

85.60 

14,794 

48,032 

224.67 

8,  .379 

33, ita 

29.179 

6.415 

14,809 

131.  78 

6,939 

29,632 

327.04 

16.071 

99,999 

522.23 

9, 102 

67.341 

ta».77 

0,960 

32,658 

368.69 

711 

480 

'  32.  49 

1,696 

2,233 

31.66 

%l 

1,?28 

79.81 

735 

505 

'31.29 

12,567 

49,  7.58 

295.94 

30,182 

182,229 

603.77 

17.095 

13-',  279 

673.79 

13,087 

49,950 

281.08 

15,009 

41,342 

175.45 

29,087 

140,344 

382.50 

16,475 

99,179 

502.00 

12,012 

41,165 

236.40 

9,620 

88,802 

823.10 

21,486 

320,957 

1,393.80 

12, 170 

232,917 

1,813.86 

9,310 

88,040 

845.04 

1,017 

267 

'73.75 

2,30:l 

1,671 

'  27.  44 

1,304 

1,338 

2.01 

999 

333 

>6«l67 

6,536 

14,373 

119.91 

14,984 

.53,418 

256.50 

8,487 

39,2X3 

362.86 

6,497 

14,135 

117.56 

in 

9,333 

97,086 

940.24 

23,104 

358,306 

1,450.84 

13,086 

260,435 

1,890.18 

10,018 

97,871 

876l95 

II 

13,664 

52,498 

284.21 

28,091 

171,553 

510.70 

15,911 

120, 147 

65.5.12 

12,180 

61,406 

322.05 

13 

15,745                 73,301 

365.55 

32,869 

241,486'             634.69 

1,8,627 

170,624 

816.00 

14,343                70,802                397.56 

1 

677 
2,128 
2,856 
5,486 
4,598 

1,903 

4,837 

22,938 

40,  .123 

3,100 

181.09               1,558 
127.30               4,153 
703.15               7,062 
638.(56  1           11,877 

'32.58  1             8,219 

6,553 
14,928 
69,373 
138,912 
11,720 

320.60  '■ 

250.45 

882.34 

1,069.59 

42.60 

883 
2,353 
4,002 
0, 731 
4,658 

4,686 
10,0.10 
49,  .184 
97,712 

8,582 

430.08 

326.03 

1,139.23 

1,351.67 

84.24 

en 

1,800 
3,060 
5,146 
3,561 

1,867                176.99 
4,878                171.15 
19.779                 546.37 
41.200                 7W.63 
3,138  <              '11.88 

212 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  107.-^V^ITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  ACxE,  OF  EACH  OF  THE  COUNTIES  REPORTED 

CONNECTICUT. 


— 

COITNTY. 

BOTH  SE.\ES. 

MALES. 

All  ages. 

16 

years  and  over 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Percent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Percent  of 
increase. 

1 

The  state 

232,236 

892,424 

284. 27 

115,028 

446,353 

288. 04 

60,739 

313,402 

415. 98 

35,173 
37,498 
38,119 
18,492 

29,883 
31,605 
13,111 
28,356 

180,839 

191,776 

65,182 

40,405 

262,221 
79,421 
22,130 
50,450 

414.14 

411. 43 

71.00 

118.50 

777.52 
151.29 
68.79 
77.92 

17,543 
18,652 
19,372 
8,870 

14,684 
15,337 
6,587 
13,983 

89,245 
97,444 
33,048 
19,743 

131,923 
38,893 
10,978 
25,079 

408.  72 
422.  43 
70.60 
122.58 

798.41 
153.  59 
66.66 
79.35 

9,149 

9,808 

10,135 

4,730 

7,843 
8,189 
3,449 
7,436 

62,724 
69,606 
23,376 
14,318 

90,852 

27,443 

7,682 

17,401 

585.58 
609.69 
130.65 
202.  71 

1,058.38 
235.  12 
122.  73 
134.  01 

•^ 

J 

T,i(/»hflPl<13                                     

g 

7 

9 

NEW  YORK. 


1 

The  State 

314,366 

7,156,881 

2,176.61 

102,073 

3,558,116 

2,095.38 

83,815 

2,448,151 

2,820.90 

o 

72,087 
1,583 
25,811 
42,981 
3,021 

28,223 
29,619 
1,058 
17,315 
12,886 

2,945 
14,310 
26,295 
14,028 
22,204 

424,404 

208,408 

41,779 

93,093 

1,146,9m9 

1,119,761 

1,808,968 

1,225,283 

137,256 

203,328 

65,863 
74,298 

155,638 
75,228 

376,665 

488.  74 

13,01)5.38 

61.87 

116.  59 
37,864.55 

3,867.55 

6,007.46 

115,711.25 

692.  70 

1,477.90 

2,136.43 
419.  20 
491.  89 
436. 27 

1,596.38 

37,644 

901 

13,293 

22,041 

1,606 

15,071 
14,382 
716 
8,930 
6,418 

1,500 
7,081 

13,833 
7,405 

11,252 

207,707 
106,030 
20,671 
46,253 
564,321 

557,272 
897,291 
610,565 
68,533 
103,086 

33,841 
37,042 
78,854 
37,435 
189,215 

451.77 

11,668.04 

55.50 

109.  85 
35,038.29 

3,597.64 

6,138.99 

85,174.44 

667.  45 

1,506.20 

2,156.07 
423.12 
470.  04 
405. 54 

1,581.61 

18,684 

545 

6,554 

10,972 
903 

7,866 
8,482 
524 
4,596 
3,555 

747 
3,787 
7,050 
3,616 
5,934 

147,386 
71,525 
15,032 
33,972 

374,351 

404,176 

610,892 

410,947 

47,731 

67,316 

22,679 
26,288 
54,122 
26,551 
129, 183 

688.  M 

13,023..'<5 

129.  36 

209.62 

41,350.37 

5,038.27 

7,102.22 

79,470.04 

938. 53 

1,793.56 

2,936.01 
594.  10 
667.  69 
634.  26 

2,077.00 

•^ 

t^ 

7 

^ 

q 

10 

lo 

n 

14 

Ulster '8                          

It 

Ui 

NEW    JEKSEY. 


1 

The  state 

169,954 

1,812,317 

966.35 

86,667 

906,543 

946.00 

45,251 

610,059 

1,248.  17 

■> 

10,108 
17,270 
2,416 
7,990 
16,454 

12,830 
18,661 
14,498 
14,969 

15,532 
9,891 
10,339 
18,996 

497,571 
100,586 
12,328 
48,785 
554,107 

168,239 
74,415 
88,0.50 
85,036 

63,503 
22,493 
35,225 
61,359 

4,822.54 
482. 43 
410.  26 
510.57 

3,267.61 

1,211.29 
298.  77 
507.  32 
472.  09 

308.  &5 
127.  40 
240.70 
223. 11 

5,164 
8,789 
1,240 
4,113 
8,311 

6,598 
9,345 
7,370 
7,521 

8,030 
5,075 
5,209 
9,902 

250,904 
50,883 
6,303 
24,491 

271,784 

83,970 
36,991 
46,. 502 
42,542 

31,879 
11,493 
17,619 
31,176 

4,75a  71 
47a  94 
40a  79 
495.45 

3,170.17 

1,172.65 
295.84 
530.  96 
465.64 

296.99 
126. 46 
238. 24 
214.84 

2,885 
4,625 
631 
2,147 
4,339 

3,287 
4,966 
3,995 
3,843 

4,092 
2,679 
2,819 
4,963 

164,390 

35,029 

4,425 

16,417 

181,183 

57,486 
25,775 
31,936 
29,292 

22,068 

7,962 

12,401 

21,695 

5,637.87 
657.  38 
601.27 
664.65 

4,075.68 

1,64a  89 
419.  03 
699.  40 
662.  22 

439.  30 
197. 20 
339.  91 
337.  13 

1 

4 

6 

7 

S 

Hunterdon  ^           ...         

q 

Middlesex  ss 

10 

11 

v 

.Salem  i   

n 

Somerset  ^^ 

14 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  state. 


Allegheny  3", 
Bedford  »i . . . 

Berks'" 

Bucks' 

Chester' 


Cumberland  ^ . 

Dauphin^' 

Delaware' 

Fayette' 


423,373 

6, 141,  664 

1,3.50.65 

217,487 

3, 122, 304 

1,335.63 

110,559 

2,054,286 

1,75a  09 

10,  032 

1,186,717 

11,729.32 

5,269 

612,496 

U.. 524.  52 

2,524 

407,947 

16,062.72 

13.052 

195. 203 

1,395.58 

6,727 

102,  954 

1,430.40 

2,887 

63, 849 

2,111.60 

29,928 

315,  081 

952.  80 

15,262 

101,387 

957.  44 

7,711 

103,277 

1,239.35 

24,374 

6a  788 

182.22 

12, 423 

34.  404 

176.94 

6,529 

23,  ISO 

254.  57 

27, 141 

86,391 

2ia30 

14,076 

43.398 

20a31 

7,486 

29,068 

296.  31 

17,779 

73, 690 

314.48 

9.330 

30,  038 

286.  26 

4,816 

23.356 

3M.  97 

17,886 

161,579 

803.  38 

9,085 

81.088 

792.  55 

4,651 

53, 845 

1.0.57.71 

9. 1.33 

84,815 

828.  67 

4,639 

42,279 

811.38 

2,530 

28.508 

1,026.80 

12, 990 

105,  442 

711.72 

6,835 

58,000 

748.  57 

3,415 

37, 861 

l,00a67 

'  .\rea  covered  in  1900  coextensive  with  that  of  1790. 

s  Population  of  Wolcott  town  added  to.  and  that  of  Ilartland  town  and  Marlboro  town  subtracted  from.  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
'  Population  of  Southtmry  town,  llartlaud  town  and  Mlddleburv  town  added  to  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
'  PopuUition  of  Durham  town  subtracted  fron\  1900  fiKures  to  make  areas  comparable. 

5  Population  of  Middlebun,-  town,  Southbury  town,  and  Wolcott  town  subtracted  from,  and  that  of  Durham  town  added  to,  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
»  Population  of  Columbia  town  and  part  of  Marlboro  town  added  to,  and  that  of  Lebanon  town  and  \"oluntown  town  subtracted  from,  1900  figures  to  make  areas 
comparable. 

'  Population  of  Columbia  town  and  Jtansfleld  town  subtracted  from,  and  part  of  Marlboro  town  added  to.  1910  figures  to  make  at«as  comparable. 

'  Population  of  Mansfield  town,  Lebanon  town,  and  \'oluiitown  town  added  to  1900  figures  to  make  areas  comparable. 
Area  covered  in  1900  by  Albany,  Rensselaer.  .Saratoga,  and  Schenectady  counties,  and  bv  parts  of  Greene  and  Schoharie  counties. 

'»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Clinton,  Franklin,  Essex,  and  St.  Lawrence  counties. 

"  Decrease. 

'=  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Dutchess  and  Putnam  counties. 

13  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chemung,  Montgomery,  Fulton,  Herkimer,  namilton,  Otsego,  Jelterson,  Tioga,  Broome,  Chenango,  Oneida,  Lewis,  Madison.  Cortland, 
Oswego,  Onondaga,  Cavuga,  Seneca,  and  Tompkins  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Delaware,  Schoharie,  Schmder,  and  AVavne  counties. 

»  Area  covered  inlOOO  by  Manhattan  borough. 

li  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chautauqua.  Cattaraugus,  Allegany,  Erie,  Niagara,  Wvoming,  Genesee,  Orleans,  Monroe,  Livingston,  Ontario,  Yates,  and  Steuben  counties, 
and  by  parts  of  \\  ayne  and  .Schuyler  counties. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Orange  and  Rockland  counties. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


213 


XN  1790,   COMPARED  WITri  THAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE-Continued. 

CONNECTICUT. 


HALES— continued. 

ruuus. 

■" 

Under  16  years. 

All  ages. 

16  yean  and  over. 

DnderlSyeui. 

,790        '          ,900             P-c|^o' 

1 
1790                 1900 

Percpntof 

Incretuo. 

nw           1900         ''r„'^°' 

1790                1900            Percent  of 
locreaie. 

11,289  !            132,9.51 

144.89 

117,208  '            446,071 

280.58 

66,0U  '           3,3,675!             375.  U  '          51,1M  |            132,3» 

158.61 

1 

.S,39! 
8,844 
9,237 
1,140 

6,841 
7,148 
3,138 
6,547 

28,521 
27,838 
9,872 
5,425 

41,071 

ii,4.';d 

3,296 
7,078 

215.95 

214.77 

4.71 

31.01 

500.37 

60.18 

5.04 

17.28 

17,630 
18,846 
18,747 
9,622 

15,198 
16,268 
6,524 
14,373 

91,594 
94,332 
32,134 
20,662 

130,298 
40,528 
11,152 
25,371 

419.  .')3 

400.  .M 

71.41 

114.  74 

757.34 
149. 13 
70.94 
76.52 

9,929 
10,614 
10,558 

5,419 

8,5.59 
9,162 
3,674 
8,0»5 

64,907 
66, .117 
22,501 
15,079 

80,999 

28,924 

7,885 

17,850 

453.71 
526.69 
113. 15 
17&28 

951.39 
215.70 
114.80 
120.51 

7,701 
8,232 
8,180 
4,203 

8,630 
7,106 
2,8.M> 
6,278 

26,687 

27,815 

9,630 

S,583 

4a,»t 

11,604 
3,257 
7,521 

246.54 

237. 8B 

17.60 

32.83 

507.10 
63.30 
14.28 
19.80 

NKW  TORK. 


78,258 

1,109,965 

1,318.34 

152,293 

3,598,765 

2,263.05 

75,461 

2,496,517 

3,2aa35 

76,832 

1,102,248 

1,334.62 

1 

18,960 

60,321 

218.  15 

34,443 

216,697 

529.  15 

17,066 

136,473 

816.82 

17, 3n 

60,224 

246.59 

7 

3m 

34,5a5 

9,592.  42 

682 

102,378 

14,911.44 

338 

68,588 

20,192.31 

344 

33,790 

9,722.67 

3 

6,739 

5,639 

11  16.32 

12,518 

21,108 

6,8.62 

6,202 

15,542 

1.50.56 

8,318 

5,586 

>•  11.86 

4 

11,069 

12,2S1 

10.95 

20,940 

46,840 

123.69 

10,376 

34,432 

231.84 

10, 6« 

12,408 

17.48 

5 

703 

189,970 

26,922.  76 

1,415 

582,588 

41,072.30 

701 

392,286 

55,860  91 

714 

190,302 

28,552.94 

8 

7,205 

153,096 

2,024.86 

13,152 

562,489 

4,176.83 

6,.517 

412,217 

8,225.28 

6,635 

1.50,272 

2,164.84 

7 

5,900 

2«6,:ja9 

4.754.22 

15,237 

911,677 

5,883.31 

7,550 

629,967 

8,24a  93 

7,687 

281,710 

3,5«4.  78 

A 

192 

193,618 

100,742.71 

342 

614,718 

179,642. 11 

169 

424,972 

251,382.72 

173 

189,748 

100,579.  77 

9 

4,334 

20,S02 

379.97 

8,385 

68,723 

719.59 

4,1.5.5 

48,242 

1,081.08 

4,230 

20,481 

384.18 

10 

2,863 

33,770 

1,119.39 

6,468 

100,242 

1,449.81 

3,205 

65,229 

1,935.23 

3,263 

35,013 

973.09 

11 

753 

11,162 

1,382.34 

1,445 

32,022 

2,110.06 

716 

21,.5.V. 

2,910.  61 

729 

10,466 

1,33.5.87 

12 

3,291 

10,7.54 

226.  47 

7,229 

37,256 

415.37 

3,582 

28,776 

647.52 

3,647 

10,480 

187.38 

13 

6,783 

24,732 

264.62 

12,462 

76,78'1 

516. 15 

6,175 

52,772 

754.61 

6,287 

24,012 

281.93 

14 

3,789 

10,8.S4 

187.25 

6,623 

37,793 

470.63 

3,282 

26,9.58 

721.39 

3,341 

10,835 

224.30 

IS 

5,318 

60,032 

1,02&85 

10,952 

187,450 

1,811.56 

5,427 

120,507 

2,U0.S1 

S,S2S 

«6,»«3 

,,,11.64 

18 

NEW  JERSEY. 


41,416 

] 

296,484 

615.87 

83,287 

905,774 

9S7.S3 

I          41,952 

610,528 

1,355.30 

41,335 

295,246 

6,4.28 

I 

1           2,299 

4,164 

609 

1,906 

3,972 

86,514 

15,854 

1,884 

8,074 

90,601 

3,663.11 
280.74 
209.36 
310.  68  1 

2,180.99 

4,944 
8,481 
1,170 
3,877 
8,143 

246,607 

49,703 

6,019 

24,294 

282,323 

4,888.21 
486.05 
411.81 
£26.61 

3,367.06 

2.490 

4,272 

592 

1.953 

;            4, 102 

100.064 

34,;>:ii) 

4,204 

16,535 

191,115 

6,328.27 
708.43 
610. 14 
746.65 

4,559.07 

2,454 
4,209 
584 
1,924 
4,041 

86,803 
15,167 
1,815 
7,759 
91,206 

3,429,05 
260.35 
210.  79 
303.27 

2,157.07 

2 
3 

4 
S 
6 

3,311 
4,379 
3,.-i75 
3,678 

26,484 
11,216 
14,566 
13,250 

699.88 
156. 13 
331.58 
260.25 

6,232 
9,316 
7,128 
7,448 

84,269 
37,424 
41,548 
43,094 

1,2,52.  19 
301.72 
4.S2.  88 
478.60 

1            3,1,19 
4,«I2 
3,590 

;           3,752 

57,757 
26,101 
27,212 
30,023 

1,739.98 
457.57 
657.99 
700.19 

3,093 
4,624 
3,538 
3,698 

26,512 
11,263 
14,336 
13,071 

757.16 
143.58 
305.20 
253.85 

7 
8 
• 
,0 

3,938 
2,396 
2,390 
4,939 

9,811 
3,531 
5,218 
9,481 

149. 14 
47.37 

118.33 
91.96 

7,502 
4,816 
5,130 
9,094 

31,624 
11,000 
17,606 
30,203 

321.54 
128.40 
243.19 
232.12 

1           3,779 

1            2,426 

1            2,,5S4 

4,581 

22,032 

7,655 

12,319 

20,915 

483.01 
215.54 
376.  74 
356.56 

3,723 
2,390 
2,546 
4,513 

9,582 
3,345 

5,287 
9,288 

157.64 
39.96 
107.66 
105.81 

,1 
12 
13 
14 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


106,928 

1,068,018 

898.82 

205,886 

3,019,360 

1,366.52 

102,140 

1,969,432 

1,828.17 

103,746 

1,049,928 

912.  02  1 

1 

2,745 
3,S40 
7,551 
5,894 
6,590 

204,549 
39, 105 
58,110 
11,254 
13.730 

7,351.69 
918.36 
669.57 
90.94 
108.35 

4,763 
6,325 
14,666 
11,951 
13,065 

574,221 
92,249 

153,694 
34,384 
42,993 

11,955.87 

1,358.48 

947.96 

1S7.71 

229.07 

2,363 
3,138 
7,275 
6,929 
6,482 

373,362 
54,470 
96,918 
23,414 
29,801 

,5,700.34 

,,635.82 

,,232.02 

294.91 

359.75 

2,400 
3,187 
7,391 
6,022 
6,583 

200,859 
37,779 
86,776 
10,070 
,3,192 

8,280.  13 
1,085.41 

608.  2S 
82.17 

,00.39  , 

2 
3 

4 
5 
6 

4,514 
4,434 
2,109 
3,420 

12,682 
27,243 
13,771 
20, 139 

180.95 
514.  41 
552.96 
488.86 

8,449 
8,801 
4,494 
6,155 

37,652 
80,491 
42,536 
47,442 

345.64 
814.57 
846.51 
670.  79  ; 

4,192 
4,366 
2,229 
3,053 

2.5,257 
53,407 
29,172 
27,934 

502.50 
1,123.25 
1,208.75 

814.97 

4,257 
4,435 
2,265 
3,102 

,2,395 
27,064 
13,364 
19,508 

,91.  ,7 
610.60 
49a  03 
528.88 

7 
8 
9 
19 

"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Queens  and  Nassau  counties. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Ulster  and  Sullivan  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Greene  and  Delaware  counties. 

i»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  WastiinRton  and  Warren  counties. 

•»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Westchester  countv,  and  by  part  of  New  York  county, 

SI  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Bergen  and  Hudson  counties,  and  t>y  part  of  I'assalc  county. 

«.\rea  covered  in  1900  bv  Hurlincton  county,  and  by  parts  of  .Mercer  and  Ocean  counties. 

» .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Essex  and  Union  counties,  and  by  part  of  Passaic  county. 

» .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  fJloucester,  .\tlnntie.  and  Camden  ooimlie.^. 

»  Area  covered  In  1900  by  Hunterdon  county,  and  by  part  of  Mercer  countv. 

"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Middlc^ux  county,  and  by  parts  of  Merc<T  and  Monmouth  counties. 

»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  parts  of  .Mercer,  Monmouth,  and  Oc<>an  counties. 

« .\rea  covered  In  1900  by  Somerset  countv.  and  by  part  of  Meror  county. 


:if^LTe;;:,tiL^irb7AiSnri''uticrcrS^^ 

■1  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Bedford,  .•^onu^rset,  and  Fulton  counties,  and  by  parts  of  tamljria  and  Blair  oounUes. 


"AreaooveredinlOOOby  Berks  countv,  and  by  part  of  Schuylkill  county. 

«i.\reacovered  in  1900  by  Perry  and  Cumberland  counties. 

1  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Dauphin  county,  and  by  part  of  Lebanon  county. 


76292—09- 


-15 


214 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  107.-WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  OF  THE  COUNTIES  REPORTED 

PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. 


= 

COUNTY. 

BOTH  SEXES. 

HALES. 

All  ages. 

16  years  and  over. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

15,057 
7,491 

35, 192 
4,868 

7,461 
22,365 
24,086 
16,971 

51,916 
23,617 
15,852 
36. 182 

52,944 
134, 628 
156,761 
560,417 

81,387 
134, 436 
313, 535 
694,069 

1,229,673 
116,393 
240,  845 
148,  880 

251.62 

1,697.20 

345.  44 

11,412.26 

990.  83 

501. 10 

1,201.73 

3, 989. 68 

2,268.58 
392. 84 

1,419.34 
311.48 

7,895 
3,9M 
17,781 
2,565 

3,909 
11,383 
12,411 

8,920 

25,  393 
12,612 
8.372 
18,640 

25,910 

68,210 

76, 695 

288,086 

40, 883 

66,  446 

160,878 

358,044 

604,268 
59, 924 

126.  485 
73,831 

228. 18 

1, 622.  47 

331.33 

11,154.81 

945.87 

483.73 

1,196.25 

3, 913. 95 

2,279.66 
375.13 

1,410.81 
296.09 

4,021 
1,871 
9,714 
1,237 

1,954 
6,001 
6,007 
4,191 

14,  497 

5,333 

4,013 

i            9,171 

16, 137 
42,889 
50, 004 
184,875 

25,621 

44,956 

106, 400 

229,013 

417,013 
39, 172 
80,146 
46, 599 

301.32 

2,192.30 

414.  76 

14,845.43 

1,211.21 

649.14 

1,671.27 

5,364.40 

2,776.55 
634. 52 

1,897.16 
408. 11 

T> 

Mifflin  ^     , 

17 

IS 

10 

Philadelphia'       

'>0 

O] 

oo 

York '"                  

1              The  state 

46,310 

153,977 

232.  49 

23,926 

78,486 

228.04 

11,783 

52,935 

349. 24 

14,050 
16,487 
15,773 

25,017 
93, 456 
35,504 

78.05 
466.  84 
125.09 

7,172 
8,720 
8,034 

12,689 
47,578 
18,219 

76.92 
445.62 
126.77 

3,705 
3,973 
4,105 

8,522 
32,803 
11,610 

130. 01 
725.64 
182. 82 

3     New-Castle 

4     Sussex                        

MAKYLAND.12 


Tlie  state 

Allegany '' 

Ann-.\rundel  '^ 

Baltimore  ^ 

Baltimore  town  and  precincts  i* 
Calvert' 

Caroline  w 

Cecil  1 

Charlesi 

Dorchester  la. 

Frederick  » 

Harford  ' 

Kent  1 

Montgomery  " 

Prince  Georges  '= 

Queen  Anns ' 

St.  Marysi 

Somersett  = 

Talbot  I 

Washington  i 

Worcester  ^* 


208,649 


4,539 
11,664 
18,953 
11,925 

4,211 

7,028 
10,055 
10, 124 
10,010 
26,937 

10, 784 
6,748 
11,679 
10,004 
8,171 

8,216 
8,272 
7,231 
14,472 
7,626 


12  1,143,956 


69,594 

36,545 

125, 446 

396, 324 

5,080 

12, 009 
20, 850 
8,014 
18,  476 
64, 193 

22,411 
11,343 
30, 387 
199, 448 
11,991 

8,926 
26, 126 
12, 875 
42,642 
21,276 


448.27 


1,433.25 
213.31 
561.88 

3,223.47 
20.64 

70.87 

107. 36 

"'20.  84 

84  58 
138.  31 

107. 82 
68.09 

160. 18 

1,893.68 

46.75 

8.64 

215. 84 

77.91 

194. 65 

178. 99 


2,351 
5,992 
9,852 
6,422 
2,200 

3,539 
5,224 
4,964 
4,971 
14,026 

5.684 
3,423 
6,030 
6,156 
4,132 

4.043 
4,093 
3,6.50 
7,601 
3,901 


"566,316 


35,215 
19, 182 
62, 760 
191,934 
2,745 

6,102 

10,612 

4,186 

9,  .503 

31,902 

11,269 
5,938 
16, 198 
97,555 
6,154 

4,652 
13, 151 

6,564 
20,945 
10, 749 


428.01 


1,397.87 

220. 13 

537. 03 
2,888.70 

24.77 

72.42 

103. 14 
"  15. 67 

91.17 
127.45 

98.26 
73.47 

152. 04 
1,792.07 

48.94 

15.06 
221. 30 

79.84 
175. 56 
175. 54 


55, 915 


1,068 
3,142 
5,184 
3,866 
1,091 

1,812 
2,847 
2,565 
2,541 
7,010 

2,872 
1,876 
3,284 
2,653 
2,158 

2,100 
2,185 
1,938 
3,738 
1,985 


"374,578  I 


20,911 

1,857.96 

12,522 

298. 54 

40,921 

689.37 

127.938 

3,209.31 

1,660 

52.15 

3,837 

111.75 

6,966 

144. 68 

2,530 

i'1.36 

5,906 

132.  43 

20,359 

190.  43 

7,386 

157. 17 

3,934 

109.70 

10, 177 

209.90 

70,349 

2,551.68 

3,873 

79.47 

2,719 

29.48 

8,265 

278.26 

4,300 

121.88 

13,264 

254.84 

6,761 

240.60 

VIRGINIA.2S 


The  state. 


Accomack 

Albemarle 

-Vmelia  (including  Nottoway  Co). 

Amherst  ^ 

Augusta  ^ 


442, 117 


8,976 
6,835 
6,684 
8,286 
9,260 


2,108,088 


20,743 
21,969 
8,018 
21,210 
41,919 


376. 81 


131. 09 
221.42 
19.96 
155. 97 
352.  69 


Bedford 7,725  20,617  166. 

Berkley* 16,650  34,218  105.45 

Botetourt » 9,241  58,791  536.20 

Bmnswick 5,919                7,371;  24.60 

BuckinghamM 5,496  10,599  1  92.85 

1  Area  covered  in  1900  ooe.\  tensive  with  that  of  1790. 

2  .Irea  covered  in  1900  Ijy  Huntingdon  county,  and  by  parts  of  Center,  Cambria,  Clearfield,  and  Blair  counties. 
>  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Lancaster  county,  and  by  part  of  Lebanon  county 


227,071 


4,474 
3,493 
3,406 
4,291 
4,836 


4,051 
8,800 
4,809 
3,001 
2,811 


10, 617 
11,005 
4,u52 
10, 694 
20, 845 


10, 294 

17,065 

29,946 

3,711 

5,310 


373.  85 


137. 30 
215. 06 
18  97 
149.22 
331.04 

154.11 
93.92 

522.  71 
23.66 
88.90 


110,936 


2,297 
1,703 
1,709 
2,056 
2,599 

1,785 
4,253 

2,247 
1,472 
1,274 


645,869 


6,522 
6,711 
2,442 
6,197 
13,069 

6,021 
10, 703 
18,382 
2,239 
3,100 


482. 20 


183.94 
294. 07 
42.89 
201.41 
402.85 

237.31 
151.66 

718. 07 

52.10 

143.33 


,  .  -   -      I  county. 

„  „  ..    -    - .- ,      -     -    ;-. '„" „,.„...,.„.,„,  McKean,  Potter,  Tioga,  Columbia,  Union,  Clarion,  Clinton,  Elk,  Sullivan,  Montour,  .Snvder,  and 

Cameron  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Armstrong,  Center,  Venango,  Warren,  Indiana,  ClearQeld,  Bradford,  and  Forest  counties. 

»  Areacoveredinl900by  Washington  and  Greene  counties,  and  by  part  of  Beaver  county. 

«  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Westmoreland  county,  and  by  parts  of  Armstrong  and  Indiana  counties. 

'".irea  covered  in  1900  by  York  and  .\dams counties. 

"  County  boundaries  same  in  1790  as  in  1900. 

w  Includes  population  of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1900. 

la  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Allegany  and  Garrett  counties. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Anne  .\rundel  and  Howard  counties. 

tt  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Baltimore  county,  and  by  parts  of  Carroll  countv  and  Baltimore  city. 


I 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INOREASE-Continued. 

PENNSYLVANIA— ContlDucU. 


215 


KALES— con  tlBued. 


Under  16  years. 


1790 


3,874 
2,089 
8,067 
1,328 

1,955 
5,382 
6,404 
4,729 

10,896 
7,279 
4,359 
9,469 


9,773 
25,321 
26,691 
103,811 

15,262 
21,490 
54,478 
129,031 

187,255 
20,752 
46,339 
27,232 


Per  cent  of 
Increase. 


152. 27 
1,112.11 

230. 87 
7,717.09 

680.66 

299.29 

750.69 

2,628.50 

1,618.  57 
185.09 
963.06 
187.59 


All  I 


1790 


1900 


7,162 
3,531 
17,411 
2,303 

3,552 
10,982 
11,675 

8,051 

26,523  1 
11,005 
7,480 
17,542  I 


27,034 

6«,418 

80,066 

271,731 

40,504 

67,990 

152,657 

336,015 

625,405 
56,469 

114,360 
75,049 


Per  cent  of 
Increase. 


277.46 

1,781.00 

359.86 

11,099.00 

1,040.  .32 

519.  10 

1,207.55 

4,073.58 

2,257.97 
413. 12 

1,428.88 
327.82 


16  years  and  over. 


1790 


3,SS3 
1,762 
8,638 
1,143 

1,762 
5,448 
5,792 
3,994 

13,157 
5,460 
3,711 
8,703 


1900 


17,587 
41,544 

53,324 
168, 476 

25,718 

46,639 

99,260 

209,706 

439,132 
36,254 
69,629 
48,428 


Percent  of 
Increase. 


394.99 
2,271.23 

517.32 
14,639.81 

1,.1W.59 

75<1.0S 

1,613.74 

5,150.53 

3,237.38 
563.99 

1,776.29 
456.45 


Under  10  yean. 


ino 


3,600 
1,779 

8,773 
1,160 

1,790 
5.534 
5.HX3 
4,057 

13,3«a 
5,545 
3,760 


1900 


9,447 

24,874 
26,742 
IU:i,255 

14,786 
21,351 
53,397 
120,309 

180,273 
20,215 
44,731 
26,021 


Per  cent  of 
lncr«*M. 


726.03 

285.81 

807.  AS 

3,013.30 


1,203.74  19 
264.56     20 

1,086.81  21 
201.  U  .  22 


DBI.AWARE.U 


12,143                25,551 

110. 41  1          22,384 

75,491  1             237.26 

11,647 

50,619 

334.61           10,737 

24,872 

Ul.M      1 

3,467 
4,747 
3,929 

4,167 
14,775 
6,609 

20. 19 
211.24 

68.21 

6,878 
7,767 
7,739 

12,328 
45,878 
17,285 

79.24 
490.68 
123.35 

1           3,579 

1            4,041 

4,027 

8,391 
31,287 
10,941 

134.45 

674.24 
171.69 

3,299 
3,726 
3,712 

3,937 
14,591 
6,344 

19.34       2 
291.60      3 
70.91       4 

MABYDAND." 


51,339 

B 191,738 

273. 47 

101,395 

"577,640 

469.69 

68,891 

»  388, 126 

669.06 

42,604 

>>  189,616 

346.86 

1 
2 

1,283 

14,304 

1,014.89 

2,188 

34,379 

1,471.25, 

1,271 

20,434 

1,607.71 

917 

13,946 

1,430.72 

2,850 

6,660 

133.68 

5,672 

17,363 

206.12  1 

3,294 

10,981 

233.36 

2,378 

6,382 

168.38      3 

4,668 

21,839 

367.  84 

9,101 

62,686 

588.78  1 

5,286 

41,170 

678.  85 

3,815 

21,516 

463.98      4 

2,556 

63,996 

2,403.76 

5,503 

204,390 

3,614. 16  1 

3,196 

139,892 

4,277. 10 

2,307 

64,49K 

2,605.76 

6 

1,109 

1,085 

"2.16 

2,011 

2,335 

16. 11  1 

1,168 

1,422 

21.75 

843 

913 

8.30 

6 

1,727 

2,265 

31.15 

3,489 

5,907 

69.30^ 

2,026 

3,798 

87.46 

1,463 

2,109 

44.16 

7 

2,377 

3,646 

53.39 

4,831 

10,238 

111.92 

2,806 

6,825 

14.3.23 

2,025 

3,413 

68.64 

H 

2,399 

1,056 

"30.97 

5,160 

3,828 

"25.81 

2,997 

2,244 

"25.13 

2,163 

1,584 

"26.77 

9 

2,430 

3,597 

48.02 

5,0.-i9 

8,973 

78.07 

2,927 

5,507 

88.14 

2,112 

3,466 

64.11 

in 

7,016 

11,543 

64.52 

12,911 

32,291 

ISO.  10  1 

7,499 

21,114 

181.56 

5,412 

11,177 

106.52 

11 

2,812 

3,883 

38.09 

5,100 

11,142 

118.47 

2,962 

7,264 

145.  24 

2,138 

3,878 

81.38 

12 

1,547 

2,004 

29.54 

3,325 

5,405 

62.56 

1,931 

3,455 

78.92 

1..394 

1,950 

39.89 

13 

2,746 

5,021 

82.85 

5,649 

15,189 

168.88! 

3,281 

10,294 

213.75 

2,.TIVS 

4,895 

106.71 

14 

2,503 

27,206 

986.94 

4,848 

101,893 

2,001.75] 

2,816 

74,629 

2,550.  18 

2,032 

27,2f.4 

1,241.73 

1'. 

1,974 

2,281 

15.  55 

4,039 

5,837 

44.52  1 

2,346 

3,045 

55.37 

1,693 

2,192 

29.47 

10 

1,943 

1,933 

"0.51 

4,173 

4,274 

2.42 

2,424 

2,400 

"0.99 

1,749 

1,874 

7.16 

17 

1,908 
1,712 

4,886 

156. 08 

4,179 

12,975 

210.  48 

2,427 

8,035 

231.07 

1,752 

4,940 

181.90 

18 

2,264 

32.24 

3,581 

6,311 

70.24 

2,080 

4,122 

98.17 

1,501 

2,189 

4S.84 

19 

3,863 
1,916 

7,681 

98. 84 

6,871 

21,(i97 

215.78 

3,991 

14,277 

257.73 

2,880 

7,420 

157.64 

20 

3,988 

108.14 

3,725 

10,527 

182.60 

2,163 

6,017 

205.92 

1,562 

3,910 

150.32 

21 

VIRGINIA." 


110,135 

430,140 

270.36 

215,016 

1,032,079 

379.93 

111,523 

618,013 

454.16 

103,523 

: : a 

414,066 

299.97 

1 

o  177 

4,095 
4,291 
1,610 

88.10 

4,. 502 

10,126 

124.92 

2,335 

6,146  ; 

163.21 

2,167 

3,980 

83.00 

2 

1,790 
1  697 

139.89 
"  5. 13 

3,342 
3,278 

10,964 
3,966 

228.07 
20.96 

1,733 
1,700 

6,813 
2,401 

293.  13 
41.24 

1,600 

1,.57S 

4,151 

1,.56S 

157.99 
■  ■0  82 

3 
4 

2,235 
2,237 

101.21 

3,995 

10,516 

163.23 

2,072 

6,093  : 

194.06 

1,923 

4,423 

130  01 

5 

7,776 

247.61 

4,424 

21,074 

376.38 

2,294 

13,523 

489.49 

2,130 

7,551 

254.51 

6 

2,286 
4,547 
2,562 
1,529 
1,537 

4,273 
6,362 
ll,.5frl 
1,472 
2,210 

88.57 

39.92 

3il.  37 

3,674 
7,850 
4,432 
2,918 

10,323 

17,153 

28,845 

3,664 

180.97 
118.51 
550  83 
25.57 

1,905 
4,071 
2,298 
1,513 

6,224 
11,139 
17,492 

2,117 

226.72 

173.62 

661.18 

39.92 

1,769 
3.779 
2,134 
I,4rt'. 

4,099 
6.014 
11, .153 
1,547 

131.71 
S9il4 

432.01 
10  11 

7 
8 
9 

431-9  1 

2,685 

5,289 

96.98 

1,392 

3,153 

120.51 

1,293 

2,136 

65.20 

11 

i«  A  rp.a  covered 
1^  Decrease, 
w  Area  covere<l 
u  Area  covered 
■I  Area  covereri 
>»  Area  coverwl 
»  Area  covered 
«  Area  covered 
*•  Area  covere<i 
»  Area  covered 
«  Area  covered 
»  Area  covered 
»  Area  covered 
*  Area  covered 
M  Area  covered 


in  1900  by  part  of  Baltimore  city. 

in  11*00  hv  Caroline  county.  ftn«i  by  part  of  Dorchester  county. 

in  1900  b'v  part  of  Don-he.^tcr  county. 

in  IWOO  bV  Fre<lerick  countv.  and  by  part  of  Carroll  countv. 

in  1900  bv  Monlgoinerv  county,  and  by  C.eorcptown.  D.C.  

In  1900  by  Prlnte  OeorRCS  county.  an>l  bv  the  Oi.strict  of  Columbia,  exclusive  of  Georpetown. 
in  1900  by  Somerset  countv.  and  bv  p-irl  of  \Vl(H)mlco  coimty. 

In  1««  h^y  \V|yS-r;;^S'\^/^t  v;j;;nir"lnL';ia"i^^^^^^^       mduded  in  county  toUd.  .or  1,«,  and  ,900. 

i'n^5i^a".!7^u^''.'aUI!;iv^''lTh~p"J^^      n«.h.  Pochontas.  and  ni.hlanJ  «,un,.e,. 

in  I'lon  hv  hiTkolev  anil  Ji-lTerson "counties,  and  l>y  part  of  Morpin  county. 

in  IMO  by  BotPtouVt   AlloBhanv.  and  Roanoke  counties,  and  l.y  parts  of  traig.  Monroe,  and  UalU  counUea. 

la  1900  by  Bucldngham  county,  and  by  part  of  .\pponmttoi  county. 


216 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


•  Table  107.-WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  OF  THE  COUNTIES  REPORTED 

VIRGINIA'— Continued. 


Campbell  > 

Caroline 

Charles-City 

Charlotte! 

Chesterfield 

Culpeper  * 

Cumberland 

Dinwiddle 

Elizabeth-City 

Essex 

Fairfax  « 

Fauquier 

Fluvanna 

Franklin 

Frederick  ^ 

Gloucester' 

Goochland 

Greenbrier  (includes  Kanawa) » 

Greensville 

Halifax 

Hampshire  '*• 

Hanover 

Hardy '1 

Harrison  '^ 

Henrico 

Henry  « 

Isle  of  Wight 

James  City 

King  &  Queen 

King  George 

King  William 

Lancaster 

Loudon  '* 

Louisa _ 

Lunenburg 

Mecklenburg 

Middlesex 

Monongalia  '^ 

Montgomery  '« 

Nansemond 

New- Kent 

Norfolk 

Northampton 

Northumberland 

Ohio  " 

Orange  i^ 

Pendleton  '^ 

Pittsylvania 

Powhatan 

Prince  Edward >» 

Prince  George 

Prince  William 

Princess  Anne 

Randolph!" 

Richmond 

Rockbridge 

Rockingham  " 

liusseli" 

Shaunandoah  21 

Southampton 

Spotsylvania 

Stafford 

Surry 

Sussex 

Warwick , 

Washington  ^ 

Westmoreland 

York 


BOTH  SEXES. 


1790 


4,946 
6,994 
2,084 
5,199 
6,358 

13,809 
3,577 
6,039 
1,556 
3,543 

7,611 
11, 157 
2,430 
5,735 
15, 315 

6,225 
4,140 
5,676 
2,530 
8,931 

6,879 
6,291 
6,556 
2,013 
5,600 

6,763 
4,786 
1,519 
4,159 
3,123 

2,893 
2,259 
14, 749 
3,880 
4,547 

7,555 
1,531 
4,602 
12, 394 
4,713 

2,391 
8,928 
3,181 
4,506 
4,907 

6,436 
2,378 
8,538 
2,286 
4,082 

3,387 
6,744 
4,527 
932 
2,918 

5,825 
6,677 
3,143 
9,979 
6,312 

5,171 
5,466 
2,762 
4,771 

667 
5,167 
3,183 
2,U6 


25,871 
7,667 
1,344 
7,116 

17, 481 

20,885 
2,791 
16,931 
10,757 
3,576 

20, 465 
15,074 
5,039 
20,005 
26,342 

12,008 

3,961 

387,036 

3,402 

17,922 

26,116 
9,696 
15,015 
146, 447 
70,044 

24,660 
6,833 
2,712 
4,006 
3,596 

3,266 
4,058 
23,139 
7,896 
5,133 

10,353 
3,684 
78,800 
152,327 
10, 115 

1,660 
57, 212 
6,141 
5,680 
130, 672 

11,833 

11,730 

36,607 

2,343 

5,912 

2,886" 
8,240 
6,506 
47,292 
4,159 

19, 693 
34,909 
108,268 
31,209 
9,165 

8,799 
6,489 
3,286 
4,121 

13,948 
44, 469 
4,381 
3,401 


Percent  of 
increase. 


423.07 

9.62 

>  35. 51 

36.87 

174. 94 

51.10 

3  21. 97 

180.36 

591. 32 

0.93 

168.89 

35.05 

107.  37 

248.82 

72.00 


»4  32 

6, 718. 82 

34.47 

100.  67 

279.  65 
64.12 

129.03 
7, 175. 06 
1, 160.  79 


264.  63 
42.77 
78.54 
23.68 
15.14 

12.96 
79.64 
66.82 
103.  51 
12.89 

37.04 

140.63 

1,612.30 

1, 129.  04 

114.62 

'  30.  57 

540.81 

93.05 

26.05 

2, 562. 97 

117.68 

393.  27 

317. 04 

2.49 

44.83 

»  14.  79 

22.18 

21.60 

4,974.25 

42.53 

238.08 

422.83 

3, 344.  42 

212.  77 

45. 20 

70.16 

18.74 

18.97 

3  13. 62 

1,991.15 
760.63 
37.64 
60.80 


All  ages. 


2,583 
3,530 
1,041 
2,664 
3,209 

7,127 
1,799 
3,186 
778 
1,777 

4,010 
5,657 
1,243 
2,895 
8,005 

3,120 
2,087 
3,037 
1,296 
4,634 

3,618 
3,049 
3,364 
1,066 
2,993 

3,486 
2,371 
754 
2,021 
1,538 

1,455 
1,077 
7,669 
1,981 
2,295 

3,872 
777 
2,434 
6,590 
2,382 

1,192 
4,637 
1,600 
2,183 
2,599 

2,743 
1,254 
4,456 
1,171 
2,121 

1,787 
3,441 
2,320 
491 
1,401 

3,069 
3,468 
1,703 
5,188 
3,178 

2,639 
2,696 
1,383 
2,389 

334 
2,727 
1,569 

991 


12, 765 
3,814 
714 
3,658 
8,668 

10,244 
1,336 
8,365 
7,091 
1,777 

10, 628 
7,418 
2,492 
9,868 

12,915 

6,127 
2,034 
200, 794 
1,759 
9,107 

13,346 

6,023 

7,615 

75,383 

34,562 

12,463 
3,446 
1,424 
1,941 
1,839 

1,672 
2,094 
11,266 
3,916 
2,614 

6,126 

1,887 

40,8t22 

77,286 

6,017 

877 

29,228 

3,191 

2,994 

67,093 

5,790 

5,934 

17,777 

1,247 


1,483 
4,189 
2,944 
25,  596 
2,080 

10,042 
17,094 
65,981 
15, 349 
4,650 

4,236 
3,270 
1,718 
2,098 

8,097 

22,367 

2,301 

1,770 


Per  cent  of 
increase. 


394. 19 

8.05 

S31.41 

37.31 

170. 11 

43.74 
a  25.  74 
162.  55 
811.44 


162.54 
31.01 
100.  48 
240.86 
61.34 

96.38 
3  2.59 
6,611.59 
36.72 
100.86 

268.88 
64.74 

126.  37 
6, 971.  68 
1,064.76 

257.  51 
45.34 
88.86 
3  3.96 
19.57 

14.91 
94.43 
46.77 
97.63 
13.90 

32.39 
142.85 

1,  577. 16 
1,072.78 

110.  62 

3  26.  43 
530.32 
99.44 
37.15 

2,  481.  49 

111.08 
373. 20 
299.03 
6.49 
35.27 

3  17.01 

21.74 

26.90 

6,113.03 

48.47 

227.21 

392. 91 

3,187.20 

195.  85 

46.32 

60.52 

21.29 

24.22 

3 12. 18 

2, 324. 25 

720.20 

46.65 

78.61 


16  years  and  over. 


1790 


1900 


1,236 
1,799 
532 
1,285 
1,652 

3,372 
885 

1,790 
390 
908 

2,138 
2,674 
589 
1,266 
3,836 

1,597 
1,028 
1,463 
669 
2,214 

1,662 
1,637 
1,108 
487 
1,823 

1,623 

1,208 
395 
995 
757 

723 
535 

3,677 
957 

1,110 

1,857 
407 
1,089 
2,846 
1,215 

605 
2,650 

857 
1,046 
1,222 

1,317 
568 

2,008 
623 

1,044 

966 

1,644 

1,169 

221 

704 

1,517 
1,816 
734 
2,409 
1,632 

1,361 

1,341 

732 

1,215 

176 

1,287 

815 

530 


Percenter 
increase. 


7,768 
2,280 
473 
2,124 
5,363 

6,217 
847 
5,433 
5,814 
1,070 

7,112 
4,488 
1,551 
5,157 
8,062 

3,715 
1,283 
113,327 
1,064 
5,247 

8,088 

3,086 

4,457 

46, 872 

23,031 

6,728 
2,121 
1,015 
1,183 
1,074 

1,013 
1,271 
7,274 
2,415 
1,568 

3,057 

1,145 

25,769 

42,807 

3,065 

528 

19,847 

2,008 

1,880 

42,721 

3,385 

3,357 

10,337 

769 

1,783 

942 
2,609 
1,900 
16,961 
1,239 

5,961 
10,129 
30,431 
9,235 
2,797 

2,679 
1,980 
1,107 
1,288 

6,004 
12,722 
1,414 
1,037 


1  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Virginia  and  West  Virginia.    Independent  cities  are  included  in  county  totals  for  1790  and  1900. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Campbell  county,  and  by  part  of  .Appomattox  countv. 

3  Decrease. 

<  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Charlotte  county,  and  by  part  of  .\ppomattox  county. 

s  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Culpeper,  Madison,  and  Rappahannock  counties. 

6  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Alexandria  county,  and  by  part  of  Fairfax  county. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Frederick  and  Clarke  counties,  and  by  part  of  Warren  county. 

8  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Gloucester  and  Mathews  counties. 

9  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Greenbrier,  Boone,  Cabell,  Clay,  Fayette,  Jackson,  Kanawha,  Lincoln,  Logan,  Mason,  Mingo,  Nicholas,  Putnam,  Raleigh,  Roane,  Wayne, 
and  Wyoimng  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Braxton.  Calhoun,  Gilmer,  McDowell,  Monroe,  Pocahontas,  Summers,  Webster,  Wirt,  and  Wood  counties. 

i»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Hampshire  and  Mineral  counties,  and  by  part  of  Morgan  county, 
u  Area  covered  in  1900  by  I  lardy  and  Grant  counties. 

12  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Harrison,  Doddridge,  I>ewis,  and  Ritchie  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Barbour,  Braxton,  Calhoun,  Gilmer,  Marion,  Taylor,  Upshur,  Webster, 
Wirt,  Wood,  aud  Pleasants  coimties. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


217 


IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE-Continued. 

VIRO  INI  A"— Continued. 


MALES— continued. 

rEHALES. 

^~ 

Under  16  years. 

All  ages. 

16  years  and  over. 

Under  16  yeara. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Increase. 

17(0 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Incraue. 

1,347 

4,997 

270. 97 

2,363 

13,106 

4.54.63 

1,225 

^    '- 1 

•-,    ,| 

1,138 

4,822 

32173 

13 

1,731 

1,534 

'  11.38 

3,464 

3,853 

11.23  ' 

1,796 

., 

1,668 

1,447 

•  13.25 

13 

509 

241 

'  52.  65 

1,1X3 

630 

•39.60 

541 

,  .-J    'HI 

603 

208 

•  58.57 

14 

1,379 

1,534 

11.24 

2,535 

3,458 

36.41 

1,315 

j,iiii 

Ga9i 

1,230 

1,342 

10  00 

15 

1,557 

3,305 

112.27 

3,149 

8,813 

179.87 

1,633 

5,592 

242.44 

I,S1« 

3,221 

112.47 

IS 

3,7.M 

4,027 

7.24 

6,682 

10,641 

59.25 

3,465 

6,704 

93.48 

3,217 

3,937 

22  38 

17 

9H 
1,39« 

489 

2,9:r2 

'  4fi.  50 
110.03 

1,778 
2,853 

1,455 

8,566 

•18.17  1 
200.24 

922 
1,480 

922 

5,-i77 

856 
1,373 

533 

2.8H9 

•37.73 
110  42 

19 

2S3..58 

388 

1,277 

229.  12 

778 

3,666 

371.21 

404 

2,372 

488.  .59 

374 

1,2»4 

245.07 

ao 

869 

707 

•18.64 

1,766 

1,799 

1.87 

916 

1,131 

23.47 

giO 

6«8 

•21.41 

31 

1,872 

3,418 

82.48 

3,601 

9,937 

175.95 

1,888 

6,. 598 

»,!  40 

1.733 

3,339 

92  «« 

23 

2,983 

2,930 

•  1.94 

5,500 

7,656 

39.20  : 

2,852 

4,843 

69.  Kl 

2,648 

2,813 

A.  23 

21 

654 

941 

43.88 

1,187 

2,547 

114.57 

616 

l,l>46 

167. 21 

571 

eoi 

47.79 

24 

1,629 

4,7U 

189.20 

2,W0 

10,137 

256.94 

1,473 

5,702 

287.10 

1,367 

4,435 

224.43 

2S 

4,170 

4,8.53 

16.38 

7,310 

13,427 

83.68 

3,791 

8,704 

129.60 

3,519 

4,723 

34.21 

28 

1,523 

2,412 

58.37 

3,105 

5,941 

91.34 

1,610 

3.636 

12.5  84 

1,495 

2,305 

54.18 

27 

1,059 

751 

'29.08 

2,053 

1,927 

•6.14 

1,065 

1.209 

13.  .52 

988 

718 

•27.33 

28 

1,574 

87,467 

5,456.99 

2,639 

186,242 

6,957.29  : 

1,369 

102,S11 

7,409.93 

1,270 

83,431 

«,4«9.37 

20 

627 

69.5 

10.84 

1,234 

1,643 

3a  14  : 

640 

9.53 

4^91 

5»4 

«90 

16.16 

10 

2,320 

3,860 

66.38 

4,397 

8,815 

100.48  ; 

2,280 

5,1.57 

126.18 

2,117 

3,658 

7X79 

31 

1,956 

5,2.58 

168.81 

3,261 

12,770 

291.60 

1,691 

7,789 

360.62 

1,.570 

4,981 

217.26 

33 

1,412 

1,938 

37.25 

3,242 

4,673 

44.14 

1,681 

2,977 

77.  in 

l,.«il 

1,696 

&65 

33 

2,256 

3,1.58 

39.98 

3,192 

7,400 

131.83 

1,655 

4.32S 

lr.1.51 

1,537 

3,072 

99.87 

34 

579 

29,511 

4,996.89 

947 

71,064 

7,404. 12 

491 

42,931 

8,643.  .58 

456 

28,133 

6,069.52 

3S 

1,170 

11, .«1 

885.56 

2,607 

35,482 

1,261.03 

1,352 

24,143 

1,B.S'>.  72 

1,255 

11,339 

803.51 

3t 

1,963 

5,73.5 

192. 15 

3,277 

12,197 

272.20 

1.699 

r.,K.|i. 

:("J.  !M 

1,.'.78 

5,151 

239.10 

37 

1,163 

1,325 

13.93 

2,415 

3,387 

40.25 

l,2-.2 

2.i>l.i 

la.  is 

1,UV3 

1,344 

15.56 

38 

359 

409 

13.93 

765 

1,288 

6a37 

397 

'.til 

l.«i.y7 

368 

2S 

1.90 

39 

1,0'26 

758 

•  26.12 

2,138 

2,065 

•  3.41 

1,109 

1,238 

11.63 

1,029 

827 

•  19.63 

40 

781 

765 

•  2.05 

1,585 

1,757 

10.85 

822 

1,U37 

26.16 

763 

720 

•5.64 

" 

732 

5';9 

»9.97 

1,438 

1,594 

10.85 

746 

1.009 

y,.  25 

692 

585 

•15.46 

42 

542 

823 

51.  84 

1,182 

1,964 

66.16 

613 

1.114 

81.73 

S69 

890 

49.38 

43 

3,992 

3,982 

•  0.25 

7,080 

11,883 

67.84 

3,672 

7.  SIS 

113.45 

3,408 

4,045 

1&«9 

44 

1,021 

1,500 

46.48 

1,899 

3,981 

109.64 

9S.5 

2. .561 

160.00 

914 

1,420 

55.36 

45 

1,18.5 

1,016 

•11.73 

2,252 

2,519 

11.86 

1,168 

1,527 

30.74 

1,081 

992 

•a49 

40 

2,015 

2,069 

2.68 

3,683 

5,227 

41.92 

1.910 

3,156 

65.  24 

1,773 

2,071 

16.81 

47 

370 

742 

100.54 

7.54 

1,797 

138.33 

391 

1,0» 

168.  .54 

wy 

747 

105.79 

48 

1,315 

15,a53 

1,019.  18 

2,168 

37,978 

1,651.75 

1,124 

23,. 557 

1,995.82 

1.044 

14.421 

1,281.32 

49 

3,744 

34,479 

820.91 

5,8(M 

75,(>«1 

1,192.92 

3,010 

42,098 

1,298.60 

2.794 

32,943 

1,079.06 

50 

1,167 

1,952 

67.26 

2,331 

5,098 

118.70 

1,209 

3,228 

167.00 

1,122 

1,870 

M.67 

51 

587 

349 

"  40.  .54 

1,199 

783 

•  34.70 

622 

492 

•  20.90 

577 

291 

•49.  .57 

53 

1,987 

9,381 

372. 12 

4,291 

27.984 

M2.13 

2,22.5 

18.. '42 

733.35 

2,066 

9,442 

357.01 

S 

743 

1,183 

59.22 

1,581 

2,950 

86.59 

820 

l.-W) 

120.  12 

761 

1,145 

50.46 

54 

1,137 

1,114 

•  2.02 

2,323 

2,686 

15.63 

1,205 

1,617 

34.  19 

1,118 

1,069 

■  4. 38 

.55 

1,377 

24,372 

1,069.93 

2,308 

63,579 

2,654.72 

1,197 

39,961 

3,238.43 

1,111 

23,618 

3,025.83 

.50 

1,426 
6Sf> 

2,405 
2  577 

68.65 
275  M 

2,693 
1,124 

6,043 
5,796 

124. 85 
41.5.66 

1,397 
5S3 

3.731 
3.396 

167.  07 
4«2..'iO 

1,296 
.541 

2,312 
2,400 

78.40 
343.62 

57 
.58 

2,447 

54S 

1,077 

7,440 

478 

1,086 

204.05 

•  12.  77 

0.84 

4,083 
1,115 
1,961 

17,830 
1,096 
3,043 

336.69 
•1.70 
55. 18 

2,117 

578 

1,017 

10.613 

711 

1,919 

401. 32 
23.01 
88L69 

1,966 
537 
944 

7,217 

385 

1,124 

267.09 

•28.31 

19.07 

59 
60 

61 

822 

1,797 

1,151 

270 

697 

541 
1,.5S0 
1,014 
9,635 

841 

•  34. 18 

•  12.  OS 
•9.30 

3,468.  .52 
20.66 

1,600 
3,303 
2,207 
441 
1,517 

1,403 
4,051 
2,561 
21,696 
2,079 

•  12.  31 

22.65 

16.  M 

4,819.73 

37.05 

830 

1,713 

1,145 

229 

787 

874 

2.603 

1.574 

12,471 

1,176 

.5  30 
51.96 
37.47 
5,34.5  8.5 
49.43 

770 

1,.590 

1,062 

212 

730 

.529 
1,448 

9S7 
9.225 

903 

•31.30 

•a93 

•7.06 

4,251.42 

23.70 

03 
63 
64 
65 
6« 

1,5.52 
1,652 
969 
2,779 
1,546 

4,081 
6,965 
25,. 550 
6,114 
1,853 

162.  95 

321.  61 

2,536.  73 

120.01 

19.  &5 

2,7.56 
3,209 
1,440 
4,791 
3,134 

9,651 
17.815 
52.277 
15,860 

4,S1S 

250.  IS 

4.55.  16 

3,5.-t0.  35 

231.04 

44.06 

1,429 
1,664 
747 
2,485 
1,«2S 

5,895 
11,098 
27,616 
9.869 
2.732 

312.53 

.566.  as 

3,596.92 

297.14 

68.12 

1.327 
1..54'. 
693 
2,306 
1,509 

3.7.56 
6.717 
24. «1 
5.991 
1,783 

18104 

334.76 

3,4.58.  59 

1.59.80 

18.16 

67 
68 
60 
70 
71 

1.278 

I,  IV, 

651 

1,174 

1..557 

1,290 

611 

810 

21.83 

•  4.80 

•6.  14 

•  31.01 

2,. 5.12 
2.769 
1.379 
2,382 

4, .563 
3,219 
1,.V« 
2,023 

80.21 

16.25 

13.71 

•  15.07 

1.313 

1,436 

715 

1,235 

2,984 

1,968 

9»5 

1,216 

127.27 
37.05 
39.16 
•  1.54 

1.219 

1.333 

664 

1,147 

1,.579 

1,2.51 

S73 

807 

39.53 
•  6.15 
•  1170 
•29.64 

73 
73 
74 
75 

1.58 

l,-»40 

7.54 

461 

2,093 

9,645 

8S7 

733 

1,224.68 

.569.  79 

17.64 

.59.00 

333 
2,440 
1.614 
1,124 

.5,851 

22.102 

2.080 

1,631 

1,657.06 
805.82 
2a  87 
45.11 

173 

1,26.5 

837 

583 

3,756 

12,790 

1,.WI 

939 

2,071.10 

911.07 

.55  44 

CI.  06 

160 

1,175 

777 

&41 

2.095 

9,312 

779 

.92 

1,209.38 

602  51 

028 

27.91 

78 
77 
78 
79 

>»  .\rca  covored  in  IJXX)  by  ricnry  and  Patrick  counties. 

»  .\rea  covered  in  V.m  l>y  Loudoun  county,  and  h\;  rmrt  ot  Fairfax  <•<;""'>:•.,„„   „„  .  x.vlnr  ro.intlM 

«  ^S  'ZZi  IS  '^  U  ^^^i^^Z^iZh^^O^:^:^^:^^:^.  Sr^-L^an^Srythe  count.«.  and  by  part,  o,C™.g.  McDoweU.M-™.  Smytiw 


Summers,  and  Taiewell  eomuies^.^  ^^^^^   ^^^^^  y^^,   ^^^^^  ^^  ^.^^  ^„„U„  „d  by  part  of  Plea»nt.  county. 


'ocahontas.  Preston.  Upshur,  and  Webster  counties. 


"  Area  covered  in  1900  I .    

'«  Area  covered  in  19<I0  liy  Oranee  and  Greene  counties, 
w  Area  covered  in  1 
*•  Area  covored  in  1 

'■  Area  covered  in  l!«in  l>y  Randolph  i.....  r,  .    ,  i-.„;.„  ~„,r,t,. 

-  17^  ZZi  i'n"  l^^lS^^ltl^^'^^^^^^^r^^S^^^  P-U.  or  UcDowel..  Scott.  «.d  TaseweU  oounU-. 


1  1900  l>y  Pendleton  county,  and  by  part  of  Ilichland  «'""'5^-  „„,_ 
I  1900  bv  Prince  Edward  county,  ani  by  part  of  Apponuittoi  county, 
1  I'lon  bV  Randolph  and  Tucker  counties,  and  by  parts  ol  Barliour.  i 


218 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


Table  107.-WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  OF  THE  COUNTIES  REPORTED 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 


= 

COUNTY. 

BOTH  SEXES. 

UALES. 

All  ages. 

16  years  and  over. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1 

The  state 

289,181 

1,261,603 

336.96 

147,825 

632,155 

327. 64 

70,172 

356,589 

408.16 

? 

Eden  ton  district 

33,568 

56,455 

68.18 

17,058 

28,678 

68.12 

8,405 

16,865 

100.65 

3 

6,963 
2,954 
2,360 
4,002 
3,076 
3,269 
3,790 
3,519 
3,635 

28,  H2 

8,717 
3,283 
4,406 
6,409 
5,609 
6,895 
6,630 
5,088 
10,418 

112,522 

25.19 
11.14 
86.69 
60.14 
82.35 
80  33 
74.93 
44.59 
186.60 

300.26 

3,621 
1,479 
1,189 
2,042 
1,662 
1,637 
1,986 
1,805 
1,837 

14,436 

4,440 
1,690 
2,221 
3,302 
2,826 
2,964 
3,396 
2,657 
5,283 

55,863 

26.10 
14.27 
86.80 
61.70 
80.86 
81.06 
71.00 
41.66 
187.59 

287.  00 

1,719 
725 
638 

1,018 
790 
813 
951 
884 
867 

7,111 

2,610 
959 
1,302 
1,940 
1,773 
1,750 
2,000 
1,466 
3,065 

31,816 

51.83 

32.28 
104.  08 

90.57 
124.  43 
115.  25 
110.30 

65.84 
253. 52 

347.42 

5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

12 

Fayette  district 

4,365 
6,467 
3,487 
4,415 
4,533 
4,845 

37,955 

20,092 
26,810 
16,773 
13,801 
19,577 
16,469 

83,827 

360.30 
314.  67 
362. 34 
212.  59 
331.88 
239. 92 

120.86 

2,218 
3,413 
1,816 
2,301 
2,270 
2,418 

19,345 

10,122 
13,198 
7,766 
6,802 
9,806 
8,170 

42,694 

356. 36 
286.70 
327.  82 
195.61 
331.98 
237.88 

120.  70 

1,035 
1,852 
850 
1,096 
1,132 
1,146 

9,215 

5,496 
7,561 
4,604 
3,992 
5,567 
4,696 

24,965 

431.01 
308.  26 
429.88 
264.  23 
391.  78 
309.77 

170.92 

15 

18 

19 

Halifax  district 

'*0 

7,028 
4,764 
7.170 
4,085 
6,189 
6,120 
4,599 

45,820 

16,904 
12,678 
11,060 
8,056 
18,887 
9,031 
7,211 

148,918 

140.  52 
166. 12 
54.25 
97.21 
263.98 
76.39 
56.  79 . 

226.  01 

3,541 
2,457 
3,699 
2,077 
2,568 
2,618 
2,385 

23,840 

8,576 
6,466 
5,649 
4,170 
9,653 
4,663 
3,618 

73,863 

142.19 
163.13 
52.72 
100.77 
275.90 
74.29 
51.70 

209.83 

1,663 
1,076 
1,873 
1,067 
1,134 
1,335 
1,067 

10,937 

5,087 
3,751 
3,469 
2,353 
5,542 
2,681 
2,082 

43,183 

206.89 
248.61 

85.21 
120.  52 
388.71 
100.82 

95.13 

294.83 

Franklin  w 

**? 

Martin  ^                        

'1 

Nash  "  

'>fi 

Warren  12     

07 

niUsborouctt  district                          

Caswell  13                 

?s 

7,288 
7,593 
6,504 
10,055 
6,834 
7,546 

30,687 

16,491 
15,573 
17,176 
43,693 
24,660 
31,525 

373,248 

126.28 
106. 10 
164. 08 
333.  55 
259. 38 
317.77 

1,116.31 

3,911 
3,929 
3,454 
5,142 
3,642 
3,862 

15,726 

8,311 
7,763 
8,499 
21,463 
12,119 
15,708 

185,717 

112.50 
97.58 
146.  06 
317.41 
242.  15 
300.  73 

1,080.96 

1,801 
1,761 
1,581 
2,433 
1,590 
1,771 

0,953 

4,679 
4,432 
4,917 
12,697 
6,803 
9,655 

99,651 

159.  80 
151.68 
211.01 
421.87 
327.  86 
445  17 

1,333.21 

?9 

Chatham  ^                                

in 

•^^ 

n 

Wake '» 

14 

Morgan  district                       

Burke  1' 

Ti 

7,497 
8,391 
7,197 
7,602 

38,800 

134,633 
56,081 

124,212 
68,322 

127,391 

1,695  82 
508.35 

1,626.89 
667.19 

228.33 

3,813 
4,350 
3,695 
3,868 

19,471 

67,212 
27,427 
62,193 
28,885 

64,610 

1,662.71 
530.  51 

1,683.17 
646.  77 

231.  83 

1,706 
2,057 
1,576 
1,615 

9,595 

36,120 
14,955 
33,438 
16,138 

37,510 

2,018.48 
627.03 

2,021.70 
837.34 

290.93 

16 

Lincoln  i'.          

17 

Rutherford  li*                      

IS 

Wilkes^ 

11 

An 

3,655 
2,932 
6,474 
4,936 
3,024 
4,298 
3,071 
5,881 
4,529 

58,425 

16,002 
9,297 
14,472 
16,852 
6,132 
26,678 
4,466 
15,397 
19,095 

286,716 

337.  81 
217.09 
123.54 
241.  41 
102.  78 
497.  44 
45.42 
161.81 
321.  62 

390.  74 

1,834 
1,427 
3,248 
2,457 
1,500 
2,217 
1,630 
2,969 
2,283 

29,936 

8,138 
4,689 
7,259 
8,551 
3,176 
12,951 
2,301 
7,926 
9,620 

143,234 

343.73 
228.  59 
123.  49 
248.  03 
110.89 
484. 17 
50.39 
166.  92 
321.38 

378.  48 

910 

718 
1,710 
1,164 

792 
1,040 

736 
1,461 
1,064 

14,003 

4,816 
2,841 
4,342 
6,000 
1,828 
7,213 
1,344 
4,600 
6,526 

80,790 

429.23 
295.68 
163.92 
329.  65 
130.  81 
593.56 
82.61 
214.85 
419.36 

476.95 

4) 

Carteret  ^ 

4'' 

Craven  ^                                        

41 

Dobbs  '< 

44 

Hyde^ 

4'i 

Johnston  ■'"             .        .           

«i 

47 

Pitt' 

4S 

Wayne" 

49 

Guilford ' 

fin 

6,657 
4,559 
9,685 
4,191 
5,088 
14,129 
7,633 
6,483 

15,814 

27,969 
26,608 
67,009 
23,936 
21,644 
63,3S0 
40,866 
35,604 

74,526 

320. 14 
481.  44 
488.63 
471. 13 
323.  43 
277.  80 
4.15  39 
447. 66 

371. 27 

3,422 
2,336 
4,927 
2,162 
2,699 
7,227 
3,968 
3,294 

8,015 

13,993 
12,966 
28,678 
12,032 
10,902 
26,557 
20,506 
17,701 

37,490 

308. 91 

455.  01 
480.  03 

456.  63 
319.  47 
267.  47 
416.  78 
437.37 

367.  82 

1,615 

1,118 

2,364 

942 

1,188 
3,399 
1,846 
1,531 

3,963 

8,439 
7,260 
16,324 
6,226 
6,106 
15,104 
11,625 
9,707 

21,809 

422.64 
549.37 
690.  52 
660.83 
413.97 
344.37 
S29.74 
534.03 

451.71 

M 

Iredell^ 

fi? 

■il 

Montgomery  30 

.'i4 

SI 

m 

Stokes  ^ 

'il 

Surry  3s 

ss 

Wllmingtnn  distri'-t 

Bladen« 

59 

3,356 
1,550 
4,274 
3,032 
3,596 

21,891 
10,612 
13.877 
19,916 
8,330 

562.  29 
575  58 
224.  68 
556.86 
131.  66 

1,671 

778 
2,222 
1,636 
1,808 

10,930 
5,337 
6,982 
9,907 
4,340 

554. 10 

585.  99 
214.  22 
544.  99 
140.  04 

837 
380 
1,035 
834 
867 

6,084 
2,992 
4,036 
6,200 
2,497 

626.88 
687.37 
289.  96 
643.  41 
188.00 

fin 

fii 

Duplin ' 

fi'' 

New  Hanover** 

fii 

Onslow  1 

1  Area  covered  in 

2  Decrease. 
« Area  covered  in 
<  .\rea  covered  in 
'  Area  covered  in 
«  Area  covered  in 
'  Area  covered  In 
«  Area  covered  in 
»  Area  covered  in 

1"  Area  covered  in 
^1  Area  covered  in 

12  Area  covered  in 

13  Area  covered  in 
^*  Area  covered  in 
1^  Area  covered  in 
IS  Area  covered  in 
»'  -\rea  covered  in 

Alexander  counties. 
18  Area  covered  in 


1900  coextensive  with  that  of  1790. 

1900  by  Currituck  coimty,  and  by  part  of  Dare  county. 
1900  by  Tyrrell  and  Washington  counties,  and  by  part  of  Dare  county. 
1900  by  Anson  county,  and  by  part  of  Union  county. 
19U0  by  Harnett  county,  and  by  part  of  Cumberland  county. 
1900  by  Richmond  and  Scotland  counties. 
1900  by  Sampson  county,  with  the  exception  of  a  small  section. 
1900  by  Edgecombe  county,  and  by  part  of  Wilson  county. 
1900  by  part  of  Franklin  county. 
1900  by  K'asli  county,  and  by  part  of  Wilson  county. 
1900  by  Warren  county,  and  by  part  of  Vance  county. 
1900  by  Caswell  and  Person  counties. 

1900  by  Granville  county,  and  by  parts  of  Vance  and  Franklin  counties. 
1900  by  I  )r3nge  and  Alamance  counties,  and  by  part  of  Durham  county 
1900  by  Wake  county,  and  by  part  of  Durham  countv. 
1900  by  Burke,  Madison,  Yancey,  and    Mitchell  counties,  and  by  parts  of  McDowell,  Haywood,  Swam,  Buncombe,  Caldwell,  Watauga,  and 

1900  by  Lincoln,  Gaston,  and  Catawba  counties,  and  by  part  of  Cleveland  county. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

m  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900.  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE-Continued. 

KORTH  CAROIiINA. 


219 


HALES— continued. 

' 

miAUES. 

Under  IG  yoars. 

All  ages. 

16  yoon  and  over. 

Under  16  ymn. 

\1V<) 

1900 

Percent  of 
Increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Increase. 

17(0 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Inonaae. 

17W 

IfOO 

Perontof 
looreu*. 

77,653 

275,566 

254.87 

141,356 

631,448 

346.71 

69,007 

366,471 

430.00 

73,  J» 

364,  on 

aaa.86 

8,653 

11,813 

36.52 

16,510 

27,777 

68.24 

8,067 

10,314 

103.23 

8,441 

u,4n 

3s.n 

1,802 
754 
551 

1,024 
772 
824 

1,035 
921 
970 

1,830 
731 
919 
1,362 
1,052 
1,214 
1,396 
1,091 
2,218 

1.55 
>3.05 
66.79 
33.01 
36.27 
47.33 
34.88 
18.46 
128.66 

3,442 
1,475 
1,171 
1,960 
1,614 
1,632 
1,804 
1,714 
1,798 

4,277 
1,693 
2,186 
3,107 
2,784 
2,931 
3,234 
2.631 
5,135 

24.26 
8.00 
86.59 
68.52 
83.88 
79.60 
79.27 
47.67 
186.60 

1,682 
721 
872 
958 
740 
797 
881 
837 
879 

2,SS« 
•31 

1,313 
1,764 
1,660 
1,740 
1,964 
1.444 
2,959 

82.14 

29.13 
129.85 

84.13 
122.97 
118.32 
121.79 

72.52 
236.63 

1,700 
764 
899 

1,002 
774 
835 
823 
877 
919 

1,718 

ea> 

«72 
1,343 
1,134 
1,191 
1,280 
1,067 
2,176 

•3. 39 
•12.30 
48.88 
34.03 
46.81 
42  63 
38.68 
23.96 
136.78 

7,324 

24,047 

228.33 

13,677 

56,659 

314.26 

6,683 

33,108 

395.41 

6,9B4 

23,881 

238.73 

1,183 

4,626 

291.04 

2,147 

9,970 

364.37 

1,049 

8,871 

431.08 

1,098 

4,399 

300  64 

261.11 

3,054 

13,612 

345.71 

1,492 

8,032 

438  34 

1,662 

8,880 

257.23 

237.93 

1,672 

8,008 

378.95 

817 

4,699 

475. 16 

888 

3,309 

287  02 

1,205 

2,810 

133.20 

2,114 

6,999 

231.08 

1,033 

4,179 

304.55 

1,081 

2,820 

160  87 

4, 239 

272.60 

2,263 

9,771 

331.77 

1,106 

5,800 

424.41 

1,187 

3,»7I 

243  22 

1,272 

3,474 

173. 11 

2,427 

8,299 

241.94 

1,186 

4,827 

307.00 

1,241 

3,472 

179.77 

10,130 

17,729 

75.01 

18,610 

41,133 

121.03 

9,093 

24,876 

170.27 

9,617 

16, 887 

73.  «7 

1,878 

3,489 

85.78 

3,487 

8,328 

138.83 

1,704 

6,010 

194.01 

1,783 

3,318 

86.09 

2,714 

96.62 

2,307 

6,213 

169.31 

1,127 

3,712 

229.37 

1,180 

2,801 

111.96 

1,826 

2,180 

19.39 

3,471 

6,411 

55.89 

1,696 

3,303 

94.76 

1,778 

2,108 

18.76 

1,010 

1,817 

79.90 

2,008 

3,886 

93.53 

981 

2,308 

134.96 

1,027 

1,881 

83.94 

1,434 

4,111 

186.68 

2,621 

9,234 

2,'J2.  31 

1,281 

6,346 

317.25 

1,340 

3,888 

190.22 

1,283 

1,882 

46.69 

2,602 

4,468 

78.58 

1,222 

2,697 

120.70 

1,280 

1,771 

38.36 

1,318 

1,536 

16.54 

2,214 

3,693 

62.29 

1,082 

2,204 

103.70 

1,132 

1,38« 

22.70 

12,903 

30,680 

137.  77 

21,980 

75,055 

241.47 

10,739 

45,604 

323.73 

11,241 

29,861 

162.89 

2,110 

3,632 

72.13 

3,377 

8,180 

142.23 

1,660 

4,794 

190.55 

1,727 

3,386 

98.06 

2,168 

3,331 

53.64 

3,664 

7,810 

113. 16 

1,790 

4,683 

161.62 

1,874 

3,127 

66.86 

1,873 

3,582 

91.24 

3,050 

8,677 

184.49 

1,490 

5,164 

246.58 

1,5«0 

3,813 

128.19 

2,709 

8,766 

223.59 

4,913 

22,130 

360.44 

2,401 

13,606 

466.92 

2,812 

8,824 

239.20 

1,952 

5,316 

172  34 

3,292 

12, 441 

277.92 

1,608 

7,384 

359.20 

1,684 

8,087 

200.30 

2,091 

6,053 

189.48 

3,684 

15,817 

329.34 

1,800 

9,873 

448.50 

1,884 

8,944 

218.50 

8,773 

80,066 

881.03 

14,961 

187,531 

1,153.47 

7,310 

104,101 

1,324.09 

7,651 

83,430 

990.48 

2,108 

31,092 

1,374.95 

3,684 

67,421 

1,730.10 

1,800 

37,408 

1,978.22 

1,884 

30,013 

1,493.06 

2,293 

12,  472 

443.92 

4,041 

28,654 

609.08 

1,975 

16,242 

722.80 

2,066 

12, 412 

60a48 

2,119 

28,755 

1,257.01 

3,502 

62,019 

1,670.96 

1,711 

34,148 

1,896.62 

1,791 

27,874 

1,466  34 

2,253 

13,747 

510. 16 

3,734 

29,437 

688.36 

1,824 

16,306 

793.97 

1,910 

13,131 

887.49 

9,876 

27, 100 

174.40 

19,329 

62,781 

224.80 

9,444 

36,784 

289.50 

9,885 

25,997 

162.99 

924 

3,322 

259.  52 

1,821 

7,864 

331.85 

890 

4,663 

422.81 

931 

3,211 

244.90 

709 

1,848 

160.65 

1,505 

4,608 

206.18 

738 

2,780 

278.23 

770 

1,828 

137.40 

1,538 

2,917 

89.66 

3,226 

7,213 

123.59 

1,876 

4,292 

172.  34 

1,660 

2,021 

77  03 

1,293 

3,651 

174.63 

2,479 

8,301 

234.85 

1,211 

4,878 

302.56 

1,288 

3,42« 

170.  19 

714 

1,348 

88.80 

1,518 

2,966 

94.73 

742 

1,700 

129.11 

776 

I.2S6 

61.86 

1,177 

5,738 

387.61 

2,081 

12,727 

511.58 

1,017 

7,249 

612.  78 

1,064 

8,478 

414.88 

794 

957 

20.53 

1,541 

2,166 

40.49 

753 

1,270 

68.66 

788 

806 

13.68 

1,508 

3,325 

120.49 

2,912 

7,472 

156.59 

1,423 

4,426 

211.03 

1,489 

3,046 

104.  S7 

1,219 

4,094 

235.85 

2,24« 

9,476 

321.86 

1,097 

5,839 

404.92 

1,149 

3,936 

242.86 

15,932 

62,  444 

291.94 

28,490 

143,482 

403.62 

13,920 

84,077 

804  00 

14,570 

69,406 

307.73 

1,807 

6,554 

207.36 

3,235 

13,976 

332.02 

1,6«1 

8,711 

460.98 

1.654 

6,266 

2ia32 

1,218 

5,705 

368.39 

2,223 

13,543 

509.22 

1,086 

8,aS7 

641.90 

1,137 

6,486 

383.80 

2,563 

12,254 

378.11 

4,768 

28,  431 

497.84 

2,325 

16,678 

617.33 

2,433 

11,783 

383.07 

1,220 

5,807 

376.98 

2,029 

11,904 

486.69 

991 

6,486 

851.46 

1,038 

8,448 

424.86 

1.411 

4,796 

239.90 

2,489 

10,642 

327.66 

1,216 

6,136 

404.61 

1,273 

4,606 

383  97 

3,828 

11,453 

199.19 

6,902 

26,823 

288.63 

3,372 

18,901 

371.86 

3,830 

10,923 

209.41 

2,122 

8,881 

318.  52 

3,665 

20,360 

455.53 

1,791 

11,969 

668.29 

1,874 

8,391 

347.78 

1,763 

7,994 

353.43 

3,189 

17,803 

458.26 

1,888 

10,169 

882.70 

1,631 

7,«34 

388.08 

4,062 

16,687 

286.19 

7,799 

37,030 

374.80 

3,811 

22,007 

477.46 

3,988 

18,023 

376.  n 

S34 

4,846 

481.06 

1,685 

10,961 

650.50 

823 

e,.^! 

668.04 

862 

4,640 

438.28 

398 

2,345 
2  946 

489.20 

778 

5,175 

865.17 

380 

2,919 

668.16 

3«8 

2,286 

466.83 

1  187 

148.19 

2,052 

6,895 

236.01 

1,003 

4,084 

304  19 

1,049 

2.841 

170.83 

702 

3,707 

428.06 

1,496 

10,009 

669.05 

731 

6,385 

773  46 

765 

3,624 

378. 7S 

941 

1,843 

95.86 

1,788 

3,990 

123.15 

874 

2,328 

1C6.36 

914 

1,663 

81  84 

•  parts  of  .\lleitbany,  Watauga,  Alexander,  and  Caldwell  countle*. 
['amllco  county. 


"  .\rea  covered  in  1900  by  Cherokee,  Graham,  Macon,  Jackson,  Transylvania,  Henderson,  Polk,  Rutherford,  and  (lay  eountliw,  and  by  parts  of  Swain,  Cleveland. 
Buncombe,  HavwootJ,  and  McDowell  counties. 

» .Vrea  covered  in  VMm  by  Ashe  and  Wilkes  counties,  and  by  i 
"  .Vrea covered  in  \'M)0  by  Deautort  county,  and  by  part  of  Pa 

"  Areacovered  in  I'.KK)  by  partofCarUTeteounty.  .  „  _.      . .,„ 

o  Area  covered  in  lliOO  by  Craven  CDUnty.  and  by  parts  of  Pamlico  and  Carteret  counties. 

«  .\rea covered  In  1900  by  Lenoir  and  ti'reene  counties. 

•Area  covered  In  1900  by  II  vde  count  v.  and  by  part  of  Dare  county. 

»  Area  covered  In  19(X)  by  Johnston  counlv,  and  by  part  of  Wilson  county. 

»  Areacoveredln  1900  bv  Wayne  county,  and  by  part  of  Wli.wn  county. 

«  Area  covered  in  I'KK)  by  IredeU  county,  and  by  part  of  AlP.xander  county.  „„„„„ 

"Area  covered  in  VMM  by  Mecklenburg  and  Cabarrus  counlie.s,  and  by  part  of  Union  county. 

••Areacoveredln  liXWbv  MontgomeryandStanlycountlis.  ,,  „,  v„„„,h  ~.,.n.« 

•'  Area  covered  in  I'.KW  by  Davie,  Rowan,  and  Davidson  counties,  and  by  part  of  Fors)  th  county. 

"  Area  covered  In  l'.«K)  by  Stokes  county,  and  by  part  of  ^orsyth  «o""'>',-    .  „„^^„„,_ 

••  Areacovereii  in  l'.«in  bv  Yadkin  and  Surry  counties,  and  by  part  of  ;^''«'>any  county 

X  Area  covered  in  vm  by  Bladen  countv.  and  by  parts  of  Cumberland  and  Columbus  counties. 

«»  Area  covered  in  l!«l<)  bv  nmnswick  county,  and  by  P'lrt  "' '  "'•'"'.''"^'^""".'V. mT,«,n  .v,nnlv 

»•  Area  covered  In  1900  by  New  IJ  anover  and  Pender  counties,  and  by  part  of  bampson  county. 


220 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


Table  107.-WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX  AND  AGE,  OF  EACH  OF  THE  COUNTIES  REPORTED 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


~~ 

COUNTY. 

BOTH  SEXES. 

MALES. 

All  ages. 

16 

years  and  over 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
increase. 

1 

The  state 

140, 178 

557,807 

297.93 

73,298 

281, 147 

283.57 

35,576 

161,778 

354.74 

4,364 
29.242 
15.402 
7,418 
8,878 
62,462 
12,412 

11,585 
96,  707 
50,266 
41,990 
58.833 
233,589 
64,837 

165.47 
230.  71 
226.  36 
406.  06 
562.  68 
273.97 
422.37 

2,321 
15.635 
8,237 
3,772 
4,823 
32, 138 
6,372 

6.018 
48.564 
24.901 
21.072 
29.898 
117.871 
32. 823 

159.28 
210.61 
202.  31 
458.  64 
619.  90 
266.  77 
415.  11 

1,266 
6,941 
5,060 
1,779 
2,356 
14, 973 
3,201 

3,596 
28, 469 
15,489 
12,058 
16,537 
66, 371 
.    19,258 

184.04 
310. 16 
206.11 
577.80 
601.91 
343.27 
501.  62 

t\ 

Kj 

rheraw  district  *                                   .... 

g 

Ninety-six  district « 

GEORGIA. 


1 

The  state 

52,886 

297,007 

461.60 

27, 147 

149,721 

451.52 

13, 103 

87,122 

564.90 

o 

Burke  ^                                

7,064 

221 

2,456 

1,674 

8.S5 

193 

4,020 
1,303 
7,162 
3,856 
24,052 

12, 792 
5,933 

31,414 
9,601 

76,394 
9,118 

10,346 
9,972 
27, 981 
69,470 
33,986 

81.09 
2,584.60 
1,179.07 
473.  54 
8.532.09 
4,624.35 

157. 36 

665.31 

290. 69 

1,701.61 

41.30 

3,649 
125 

1,326 
963 
468 
106 

2,138 

690 

3,819 

1,971 

11,892 

6,586 

3, 103 
15,981 

4,904 
38,010 

4,751 

5,091 
5.170 
13,556 
35.  ,540 
17,029 

80.49 
2,382.40 
1,105.20 
409  24 
8,021.79 
4,382.08 

138.12 

649.27 

254.96 

1,703.14 

43.20 

1,808 

81 

846 

627 

225 

70 

1,027 
426 

1,894 
947 

5,152 

3,771 

1,668 
10,910 

2.777 
21,048 

2,833 

3,061 
2,888 
8,904 
19, 396 
9,866 

108. 57 
1,959.26 
1,189.60 

342.90 
9,254.67 
3,947.14 

198.05 

577.93 

370. 12 

1,948.15 

91.50 

•^ 

^i 

Effingham  11                      .          

5 

FranMin  ^ 

7 

Glyn" 

R 

Liberty  '^       

in 

Richmond  i^                    . .        

n 

1'' 

Wilks  i» 

KENTUCKY. 


1 

The  state 

61,133 

1,862,309 

2,946.32 

32,211 

948,048 

2,843.24 

15,154 

565,705 

3,633.04 

•> 

6,929 
14,626 
3,857 
5,446 
5,035 

2,500 
5,745 
10,032 
6,963 

159,832 

41,930 

243,250 

642,753 

73,882 

283,613 

26,591 

237,517 

152,941 

2,206.71 

186.68 

6,206.72 

11,702.30 

1,367.37 

11,244.52 

362. 85 

2,267.59 

2,096.48 

3,6S0 
7,598 
2,098 
2,816 
2,652 

1,365 
3,003 
5,303 
3,696 

82,368 
21,283 
120,984 
329,217 
37,820 

144,316 
13,450 

121,167 
77,443 

2, 138.  26 

180. 11 

5,666.63 

11,590.94 

1,326.09 

10,472.60 

347. 89 

2,184.88 

1,995.32 

1,645 
3,517 
1,057 
1,375 
1,231 

694 
1,460 
2,508 
1,767 

45,901 
14,337 
80,827 
192,089 
20,087 

82,877 
8,329 
71,472 
49,786 

2,690.33 
307.  65 
7,546.83 
13,870.11 
1,531.76 

13,852.36 

470. 48 

2,749.76 

2,717.54 

T 

4 

Jefferson^ 

6 

7 

Mason «      .            .         

R 

q 

in 

Woodford^' 

I  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Beaufort  and  Hampton  coimties. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Ciiester,  Clarendon,  Fairfield.  Kersliaw,  Lancaster,  Richland,  Sumter,  and  Yorlc  counties,  and  by  part  of  Florence  county. 

'  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Charleston,  Colleton,  and  Dorchester  counties,  and  by  part  of  Berkeley  county. 

*  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chesterfield,  Darlington,  and  Marlboro  counties,  and  "by  part  of  Florence  county. 

s  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Georgetown.  Horry,  Marion,  and  Williamsburg  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Florence  and  Berkeley  counties. 

•  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Abbeville,  Anderson.  Cherokee,  Edgefleid,  Greenville,  Greenwood,  Laurens,  Newberrj',  Oconee,  Pickens,  Saluda,  Spartanburg,  and  Union 
counties,  and  by  part  of  Aiken  county. 

^  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Bamberg.  Barnwell.  Lexington,  and  Orangeburg  counties,  and  by  part  of  Aiken  county. 

8  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Burke  coimty,  and  by  parts  of  Jefferson  and  Screven  counties. 

» Area  covered  in  1900  by  Camden  and  "Charlton  counties,  and  by  part  of  Wayne  county, 
w  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Chatham  countv,  and  h\  part  of  Brvan  county. 
"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Effingham  county,  and  'by  part  of  S"creven  county. 

"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Franklin.  Banks,  Jackson,  Hart,  and  Elbert  counties,  and  bv  parts  of  Oconee,  Clarke,  and  Madison  counties. 
"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Glynn  county,  and  by  part  of  Wayne  county. 

»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  pai-ts  of  Greene.  Hancock,  Oconee,  Ogletliorpe.  Taliaferro,  and  Baldwin  counties. 
»  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Libertv  and  Mclntosli  counties,  and  by  part  of  Tattnall  county, 
w  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Richmond  county,  and  l.ty  part  of  Jefferson  county. 

"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Washington,  Bulloch,  Emanuel,  and  Jolmson  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Baldwin,  Bryan,  Hancock,  Jeflerson,  Laurens,  Montgomerv,  and  Tatt- 
nall counties,  •      j      •  ,  ,  &         j , 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

IN  1790,  COMPARED  WITH  THAT  OF  THE  SAME  AREA  IN  1900.  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASR-Conti^ued. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


221 


MALES— continued. 

nuxuu. 

= 

Under  16  years. 

All  ages. 

10  years  and  over. 

Under  16  jtmn. 

1790 

lurui           Per  cent  of 
'""             Increase. 

t 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Increase. 

1790 

1900 

Per  cent  of 
Increaae. 

ino    1      1900 

Per  cent  of 
locTMao. 

37,722 

119,309  1             216.44 

60,880 

276,660 

313.07 

.31,440 

102,973 

418.36 

36,440  ;           113,887 

1.083  !              2,297 

7,210                 19,201 
3,797                   9,072 
l.Wf.'                   8,576 
2,H'J                 12,011 
10,"<A                 4«,SV7 
3,201                 12,«rj 

2X179 

1 

1,055 
8,694 
3,177 
1,993 
2,407 
17,165 
3,171 

2,422 
20,095 
9,412 
9,014 
13,361 
51,500 
13,565 

129.57 
131.14 
1%.25 
352.28 
441.59 
200.03 
327.78 

2,043 
13,607 
7,165 
3,646 
4,055 
30,324 
6,040 

5,867 
48,143 
25,365 
20,918 
28,935 
115,718 
32,014 

172. 49 
253.81 
254.01 
473.72 
613  50 
281.61 
430.08 

900 
0,397 
3,308 
1,714 
1,906 
14,250 
2,839 

3,270 

2X,  W>2 
10, -JM 
12, .(42 

lo,:f.M 

IH,,821 
1<J,(H1 

240.63 

351.49 
.^S3.  70 
020. 07 
7Mi,  45 
W.S.  7.', 
670.09 

112.10 
107. 14 

i.%as 

343.80 
486.83 
304.29 
306.28 

m 

GEORGIA. 


14,044 

62,599 

345.73 

;          25,739 

147,286 

472.23 

11,711 

86,277 

630.72 

14,028 

61,000 

334.91 

1 

1,841 
44 
480 
336 
243 
36 

2,815 
1.435 
5.071 

2,127 
16,902 
1,918 

52.91 

3,161.36 

956.46 

533.04 

6,880.25 

5,227.78 

3,415 
96 
1,130 
711 
417 
87 

6,206 

2,830 
15,433 

4,697 
38,384 

4,367 

81.79 
2,»<7.92 
1,265.75 
560.62 
9,104.80 
4,919.54 

1,554 
44 
514 
323 
190 
39 

3.600 

1.505 
10.277 

2,050 
21,091 

2,537 

129.05 
3,320.45 
1.S99.  42 

717.90 
11.310.32 
6,242.50 

1,861 
52 
616 
388 
227 
48 

2.046 
1.324 
6.156 
2,047 
16,093 
1,830 

42.18 

2,448.08 

737.01 

428.94 

7,253.74 

3,793.62 

2 
3 

4 
6 
0 
7 

1,111 

2.03O 

82.72 

1,882 

5,255 

179.22 

856 

Q  oo^ 

277.10 

1,020 

2,027 
2,223 

97. 50 

565.  .'.7 

157.35 

1,410.81 

3.47 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 

204 

2,282 

704.39 

613 

4,802 

683.36 

279 

•;•, 

824.  .17 

334 

1.925 

4,052 

lll.fiO 

3,343 

14,425 

ail.  50 

1,521 

1,    ;  ;,, 

540.11 

1,822 

1,024 
6,740 

10,144 
7,103 

1,470.56 
6.28 

1,885 
12,160 

33,930 
16,957 

1,700.00 
39.45 

858 
5,533 

1.S.414 
10,100 

2,010.15 
82.54 

1,027 
6.627 

15,510 
0,857 

KENTUCKY. 


17,057 

3S2.343 

2, 141. .56 

28.922 

914,261 

3,061.13  '• 

12,630 

645,038 

4,213.37 

16,286 

369,223 

2, 167. 12 

1 

2,0.15 
4,081 
1,041 
1,441 
1,421 

771 
1,543 
2,795 
1,929 

30, 467 
0,940 
40, 1.57 
137, 12S 
17,733 

61,4.19 

5, 121 

49, 09.5 

27,057 

1,691.99 
70.20 
3,757.54 
9,410.17 
1,147.92 

7,868.74 

231.89 

1,078.00 

1,333.75 

3,249 
7,028 
1,759 
2,  MO 
2,383 

1,135 
2,742 
4,729 
3,267 

77,464 
20,647 
122,206 
313,536 
36,062 

139,297 
13,141 

110.350 
75,498 

2,284.24 

193  78  i 
6,850.88 
11, 821.. 52 
1,413  30 

12,172.86 

379.25  1 
2,360.35 
2,21093 

1.419 
3,071 
709 
1,149 
1,041 

496 
1,198 
2,066 
1,427 

42,  .599 
13, 940 
82, 479 
182.002 
19,061 

79,924 
8,206 
68,546 
48,275 

2,902.04 

.154.12 

10,025.49 

15,740.03 

1,731.03 

16,013  71 

584.97 

3,217.81 

3,282.97 

1,830 
3.957 
990 
1,481 
1,342 

f.39 
1.544 
2,063 
1,840 

34,865 
6,701 
39,787 
131,. 534 
17,001 

.59,373 

4,S35 

47.804 

27,223 

1,806.19 
69.35 
3,918.89 
8,781.43 
1,166.84 

9,  I9I.&5 

219.  G2 

1,005.12 

1.379.61 

2 
3 
4 
S 

a 

7 
8 
9 
10 

>"  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Wilkes,  Columbia,  Glascock,  Lincoln,  McDufflc,  and  Warren  counties,  and  by  parts  ol  Clarke,  Oroene,  Uadlson.  Oclotliorpe,  and   Taliaferro 
counties. 

w  Area  covered  in  1000  by  Bonrlion,  Montgomery,  Bath,  Letcher,  rowell,  Wolfe,  Menifee,  and  Knott  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Clark,  Harrison,  Pendleton,  Floyd. 
Nicholas,  Estill,  liarlan,  rerrv,  IMke,  Morgan,  Breathitt,  Mai^oiTm,  I^ee,  and  I>eslte counties. 

»  Area  covered  in  1900  l)v  Fayette  and  Jes,sainine  counties,  and  by  yiart  of  Clark  county. 

"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Shelby.  Henry,  Oldham.  Trimble,  and  Jefferson  ooimtie.s,  and  by  parts  of  Franklin,  Bullitt.  Spencer,  Carroll,  an. I  .\n'IiT.<)n  roimilfs. 

"Area  covered  In  l'.KH)b.v  Lincoln,  Ijogan,  l*ul;iski.  Christian,  Warren.  Cumlwrland.  .MnhlenlKfrp.  Barren,  Knox,  Wa\nie.  (*asev.  Llvliu'  ' 
Allen,  Whitley.  Simpson,  Todd,  Monroe,  'lYipg,  Hickman,  Calloway.  Graves.  McCracken.  Laurel.  Uussell.  t^linton,  Crittenden.  .Xlarshall.  i 
Webster, and'Carlislecnuntics. and  hypartsofGreen,  <-larrard.  Henderson,  .\dair, Clay.  ltockc;Lsi!e,  Butler.  Hart.  Edmon.son.  Uoyle.  T:r. 

"  Area  covered  iu  1900  by  Madison,  Owsley,  and  Jackson  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Garrard,  Clay,  Kstill,  Itockcastle,  Perry,  Breathitt,  L-x-,  L«j..-i(;,  liurlau,  aiid  bell 
counties. 

»*  Area  covered  in  1900  by  Mason,  Bracken.  FIcminc  Greenup.  Lewis,  Lawrence,  Carter,  Johnson,  Rowan,  Boyd,  Elliott,  Martin,  Robertson,  and  Campbell  countlei, 
and  by  parts  of  Floyd.  Nicholas,  Pike,  Morgan,  MagolTm.  Pendleton,  and  Harrison  counties. 

"Area  covered  in  19(X)  by  Mercer  county,  and  by  parts  of  Franklin,  .\ndorson.  Garrard,  and  Boyle  counties. 

"Area  covered  in  1900  by  Nelson.  WasninRton,  Hardin,  Ohio.  Ureckinridce,  Grayson.  Davle.ss.  Meade,  Hancock,  Marlon,  and  Larue  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Qfeeo, 
Bullitt.  Butler,  llart,  Snencer.  Edmonson,  Anderson.  McLean.  Taylor,  Adair,  and  Henderson  counties. 

"  Area  covered  Iu  1900  by  Woodford,  Scott,  Boone,  Grant,  Gallatin,  Owen,  and  Kenton  counties,  and  by  parts  of  Harrison,  Franklin,  CacroU,  and  Pendleton  countiek. 


222 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 

Table  108.-WHITE  AND  COLORED  POPULATION  OF  THE  AREA  COVERED  BY  THE  ENUMERATION 


STATE  OE  TEERITORT. 

POPULATION  IN  1790. 

POPULATION  IN   1820. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Free.' 

Slave. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

1 

United  States 

3,929,625 

3,172,444 

757, 181 

69,557 

697, 624 

2  9,638,453 

7, 862, 166 

1,771,656 

233,634 

1,538,022 

2 

Area  enumerated  in  1790 

3,929,625 

1,009,206 

3,172,444 

767,181 

59,667 

697, 624 

18,293.869 

6, 733, 497 

1,556,591 

214,873 

1,341,718 

3 

New  England 

992, 384 

16,822 

13,059 

3,763 

1,660,071 

1,638,652 

20,927 

20, 782 

146 

i\ 

96, 643 
141,899 

85,341 
378,556 

69, 112 
237,055 

1,017,087 

96, 107 
141, 112 

85,072 
373, 187 

64,670 
232, 236 

954,003 

536 

787 

269 

5,369 

4,442 

5,419 

63,084 

536 

630 

269 

5,369 

3,484 

2,771 

17, 874 

298,335 
244, 161 
235,981 
523,287 
83,059 
275,248 

2,772,694 

297, 340 
243,236 
235,063 
516,419 
79,413 
267, 181 

2,662,629 

929 

786 

903 

6,740 

3,602 

7,967 

107,264 

929 

786 

903 

6,740 

3,654 

7,870 

84,899 

1 

157 

7 

K 

958 
2,648 

45,210 

48 
97 

22, 365 

q 

10 

Middle  States 

11 

340,241 
184, 139 
433,611 
59,096 

1,903,332 

314, 366 

169,964 

423, 373 

46,310 

1,226,067 

25,875 
14,185 
10,238 
12, 786 

677,275 

4,682 
2,762 
6,531 
3,899 

28,624 

21,193 
11,423 
3,707 
8,887 

648,651 

1,372,812 

277,575 

1,049,458 

72,749 

3,861,204 

1,332,744 

267,409 

1,017,094 

55,282 

2,432,316 

39,367 
20,017 
30, 413 
17,467 

1,428,400 

29,279 
12,460 
30,202 
12, 958 

109,192 

10,088 

7,557 

211 

4,509 

1,319,208 

12 

1.1 

14 

15 

Southern  states 

16 
17 

Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia. . . 
Virginia  and  West  Virginia           

319,728 
747,610 
395,005 
249,073 
82,548 
73, 677 
35,691 



208, 649 
442,117 
289, 181 
140, 178 
52,886 
61, 133 
31,913 

111,079 
305, 493 
105,824 
108, 895 
29,662 
12,544 
3,778 

8,043 

12,866 

5,041 

1,801 

398 

114 

361 

103,036 

292, 627 

100,783 

107,094 

29,264 

12,430 

3,417 

M40,389 
61,065,366 
638,829 
502, 741 
226,739 
564,317 
422,823 

6  1,344,584 

282, 837 
603,085 
419,200 
237, 440 
115,183 
434, 644 
339, 927 

1,128,669 

157,552 
462, 031 
219,629 
265, 301 
111,552 
129,491 
82,844 

215,065 

43,778 
36,883 
14,  712 
6,826 
1,497 
2,759 
2,737 

18,761 

113,774 
425, 148 
204,917 
258,475 
110,055 
126, 732 
80, 107 

196, 304 

18 

19 

South  Carolina        .              

?n 

21 

22 

23 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration  since  1790 

24 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration,  1790  to  1820. 

6  1,344,584 

1, 128, 669 

215,065 

18,701 

196,304 

Ohio                                        

?.') 

581,434 
147, 178 

55,211 

7,452 

1,444 

127,901 

75,448 
153,407 

14,273 

66,586 
114,250 

676,572 

146,768 

63,788 

7,295 

1.296 

85,451 

42,176 

73,383 

12,579 

,55,988 

74.. 383 

4,723 

1,420 

1,374 

26 

148 

42,460 

33,272 

79,540 

1,676 

10,569 

39.867 

4,723 

1,230 

457 

26 

148 

571 

468 

10, 476 

59 

347 

266 

26 

190 
917 

27 

28 

29 

30 

41,879 
32, 814 
69,064 
1,617 
10,222 
39, 601 

31 

32 

,33 

Arkansas      ..        .        

.34 

.3.5 

Georgia  (western  part) 

36 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration,  1820  to  1850. 

,37 

38 

Iowa 

39 

Florida 

41) 

Texas 

41 

New  Mexico 

42 

43 

Utah 

44 

Washington 

45 

Oregon 

m 

47 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration,  1850  to  1880. 

/              North  Dakota..  . 

} 

49 

Nebraska 

50 

Kansas 

61 

Montana 

52 

Idaho 

1 

63 

Wyoming 

I 

54 

Colorado 



55 

Nevada 



66 

Alaska 

67 

Added  to  area  of  enumeration  since  1880. . 

Indian  Territory 

5S 

59 

Oklahoma 

60 

Hawaii 



1 

61 

Persons  stationed  abroad 



1 

'  Reported  as  "  all  otherfree  persons." 

'  Includes  4,631  persons  reported  as  "  all  other  persons  except  Indians  not  taxed." 
=  Includes  only  Indians  taxed;  no  Federal  enumeration  in  1880  of  Indians  not  taxed. 
*  Includes  3,781  persons  reported  as  "all  other  persons  except  Indians  not  taxed." 


GENERAL  TABLES. 

OF  1790,  AND  OF  THE  ADDED  AREA  IN  1820,  1850,  1880,  AND  1900,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIER 


223 


POPULATION  IN  1850. 

ropuL&noK  n  urn. 

i-.-Tti.Aii',.-^    I.n    I'JUO. 

— 

Total. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

White. 

Colond. 

Total. 

Wblla. 

Colontd. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Negro. 

Indian 
and  Mon- 
golian. 

Total. 

Netn. 

Indian 
and  Mon- 
golian. 

23,191,876 

19,553,068 

3,638,808 

434,495 

3,204,313 

50,189,209 

43,403,400 

u,  785,809 

0,580,793 

•205,016 

76,303,387 

e6,«»0,788 

9.312.VI9 

8.840,780 

471.810 

1 

H.569,.;>I4 

12,365,444 

2,204,14!) 

361,570 

1,842,. 570 

23,925, 6:i9 

20,082,783 

3,242,856 

3,236,661 

0,192 

33,553,6111    29,564,821                            .'•5e,8M 

31.045 

2 

2,728,116 

2,705,095 

23,021 

23,021 

4,010,529 

3,908,789 

41,740 

39,925 

1,815 

5,592,017 

5,527,0^6  ,      b4,Ml  |       W.OVB 

6,803 

S 

583,169 
317,976 
314,120 
994,514 
147,545 
370,792 

5,990,267 

3,097,394 
4S9,5'i5 
2,311,7S0  ' 
91,532 

5,851,201 

581,813 
317,456 
313,402 
985,450 
143,875 
363,099 

5,843,163 

1,356 
520 
718 
9,064 
3,670 
7,693 

147,104 

1,356 
520 
718 
9,064 
3,670 
7,693 

144,578 

648,936 
346,991 
332,286 
1,783,085 
276,531 
622,700 

10,643,486 

646,8.52 
346,229 
331,218 
1,763,782 
269,939 
610,769 

10,425,215 

2,084 
762 

1,068 
19,303 

6,592 
11,931 

218,271 

1,451 

68.5 
1,057 

18,097 
6,488 

11,547 

216,934 

633 
77 
11 
60C 
104 
384 

2,337 

8«4,46« 

41l,.5H>l 
343,641 
2,805,346 
428,456 
908,420 

15,639,413 

031 
136 
44 

3.608 
414 

770 

17.056 

410,791 
342,771 
2,769,764 
419,050 
892  424 

797                662 

K70                826 

35,582  ,        31,074 

0.506   1        9.092 

tK  dOA               IE   40A 

4 

2,526 

15,264,839     374,574        aS«,61g 

10 

3,048, SI'S 

465,509 

2,258,160 

71,169 

3,817,186 

49,069 
24,046 
.53,626 
20,.-J63 

2,034,015 

49,069 

23,810 
53,626 
18,073 

193,971 

S,0S2,871 

1.131,116 

4,282,891 

146,608 

9,271,624 

5,016,022 

1.092.017 

4.197,016 

120,160 

6,288,779 

66,849 
39,099 
85,875 
28,448 

2,982,845 

66,104 

38,8.53 
85,535 
26,442 

2,980,805 

1,745 

246 

340 

6 

2,040 

7,268,894 

1,883,609 

6,302,115 

184,r35 

12,322,200 

7,156,881  1    112,013         W,2a2 

1,812,317  1       71,352          60,844 

6.141,664  ;     100,451         156,845 

153,977         30,758   ,      30,60? 

8,772,S5«  3,549,244   {3,541,147 

12,78! 

1.508 

3.606 

61 

8.007 

236 
'    "2,'296 
1,840,044 

12 
13 
14 

U 

634,721 
1,421,661 
869,039 
668,507 
272,151 
982, 405  1 
1,002,717 

8,622,292 

455,884 
894,800 
553,028 
274,563 
120,662 
761,413 
756,836 

7,187,624 

178,837 
526,861 
316,011 
393,944 

1.-.  1,489 
2J0,992 
245,881 

1,434,668 

84,782 

54,  ac! 

27,463 
8,960 
2,000 

10,011 
6,422 

72,925 

94.055 
472.  .528 
288,548 
384, 9S4 
149,489 
210,981 
239,459 

1,361,743 

1,112,567 

2,131,022 

l,»l«,750 

995,577 

441,1^9 

l,MH,rmi 

1,542,359 
26,263.570 

842,699 

1,473,395 

867,242 

391,105 

198,328 

1,. 377,179 

1,138,831 

22,720,617 

269.868 
657, m7 
532,508 
604,472 
24:1,331 
271,511 
403,528 

3,542,9.53 

2«),S20 
657,. 502 
.531,277 
604,332 
243,21-, 
271,451 
403,151 

3,344,129 

42 
125 
1,231 
140 
65 
60 
377 

198,824 

1,466,762 
2,8I2,9^4 
1,893,810 
1,340,316 
640,  .538 
2,147,174 
2,020,616 

42,749,7.57 

1,143,956 
2,10S,0»8 
l,2ia,603 
5.57,807 
297,0rJ7 
l,8ii2,.109 
1,540,186 

37,425,967 

322.- 

704 

630, . 

782,5C'J 

343,. 531 

284,865 

480,430 

5.323,790 

7>_:,x:i 

341. 421 
2K4,7O0 
480,243 

4,883,925 

IbS 
110 
1.50 
187 

430,805 

16 
17 
18 
10 
30 
21 
23 

23 

7,945,146 

6,610,891  |1, 334,255 

70,009 

1,264,246 

18,612,142 

3,198,062 
1.97,S,301 
3,077,871 
1,6.36,937 
1.315,497 
1,262,, 505 
1,131.597 
939,946 
802,523 
2.108.380 
1.100,521 

5,685,176 

15,841,519 

2,770,623 

2,755,230 

15,393 

26,741,195 

22,8'^,727    3,88.5,468    |3.863,06.5 

22,403 

24 

1,980,329 
988,416 
851,470 
397,654 
305,391 
771,623 
006,526 
517,762 
209,897 
682,044 
634,034 

677,146 

1,955,050 
977,154 
846,034 
395,071 
304,756 
426,614 
295,718 
2.55,491 
162,189 
592,004 
400,910 

576,733 

25,279 

11,262 

5,436 

2,583 

635 

345,109 

310,808 

2r.2,271 

47,708 

90,040 

233,124 

100,413 

25.279 

11,262 

5,436 

2,583 

635 

2,265 

930 

17,462 

608 

2,618 

931 

2,916 

3.117,9'20 

1,9:18,798 

3,W1,151 

1,614,5«« 

1,309.618 

662, 185 

479.398 

4.54,954 

.591, .531 

2,022,826 

618,678 

5,015,085 

80,142 
39,503 
46,720 
22,377 
5,879 
600,320 
&52, 199 
484,992 
210,994 
145,554 
481.943 

670,091 

79,900 

39,228 

46,308 

15,100 

2,702 

600,103 

650,291 

;     483,6,5.5 

2la,(K6 

,     14.5,350 

481,867 

539,386 

242 

275 

3,52 

7,277 

3,177 

217 

1,90S 

1,337 

328 

204 

76 

130,705 

4, 157,. 545 
2,516,412 
4,821,5.'-,0 
2.420,9^2 
2,0l-,9,042 
1,V>,WI7 
1,551,270 
1,381,625 
1,311,564 
3,106,6«5 
1,575,793 

10,572,181 

4,0(0,204 

2.4.-J4..502 

4.7.14,873 

1  2,398,.563 

2,057,911 

1,001,1.52 

641,200 

729,612 

944,580 

2,944,843 

884,287 

9,518,893 

97,341 
57,960 
86,677 
22,419 
11,131 
827,545 
910.070 
652,013 
366,084 
161,822 
601,506 

1,053,288 

96,001 

67,505 

85,078 

15,816 

2,542 

827,307 

007,630 

650,804 

366,856 

161,234 

601, 3«S 

887,808 

440 

455 

1,599 

6.603 

8.580 

238 

2,440 

1,209 

12» 

588 

114 

166,390 

2S 
36 

V 

78 

79 

342,844 

309,878 

244,809 

47,100 

87,422 

232,193 

97,497 

30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

38 

6,077 

192,214 

87,445 

212,592 

61,381 

166 

'11,380 

1,201 

12,093 

92,597 

6,038 

191,881 

47,203 

154,034 

61,359 

166 

11,330 

1,049 

12,038 

91,635 

39 

333 

40,242 

58,558 

22 

39 
333 
932 
397 

22 

780,773 

1,624,615 

2li9,493 

1,. 591, 749 

119,565 

40,440 

143,963 

75,116 

'       174,768 

864,694 

1,966,252 

776,884 
1,614.600 

142,605 
1,197,237 

108,721 
15,160 

142,423 
67,199 

163.075 

767,181 

:  1,864,013 

3,889 

10,015 

126,888 

394,512 

10,844 

5,280 

1,540 

7,917 

11,693 

97,513 

102,239 

1,564 

9,516 
126,600 
393,384 

1,015 
155 
232 
325 
487 

6,018 

49,513 

2,325 

499 

198 

1,128 

9,829 

5,12.5 

1,.308 

7,592 

11,206 

91,495 

62,726 

1,751,394 

2,231,8.53 
528,542 

3,048,710 
195,310 
122,931 
276,749 
518,103 
413,536 

1,485,053 

4,400,770 

1,737,036  1      14,358 
2,218,667  1      13,186 

4,050 

12,603 

230,730 

620,722 

1,610 

1,848 

672 

2,514 

1,106 

11,046 

70,651 

0,390 
403 
470 

1,319 
13,493 
28,I8U 

3,612 
19,285 
17,840 
71,281 

100,075 

37 

3i 

39,310 
58,161 

297,333 
2,426,669 
180,207 
92,903 
272,465 
496,304 
394,582 
1,402,727 

1  4,230,044 

231,209 
622,041 
15,103 
30,028 
4,284 
21, nM 
18,054 
82,326 

170,726 

39 
48 
41 
42 

50 
152 

5.5 
962 

24 

152 

;              55 

962 

26 

43 
44 

45 

46 

47 

1 

135,177 

452,402 

996,096 

39,159 

32,610 

20,789 

'  194,327 

'62,266 

33,426 

133,147 

449,764 

I      9.52, 155 

j        35,385 

29,013 

2,030 

2,638 
43,941 
3,774 
3,597 

401 

2,385 
43,107 
346 
53 
298 
2,435 
488 

1,629 

253 

834 
3,428 
3,544 
1,054 

766 
8,222 
32,9«« 

720,716 

1,066,300 
1,470,495 
243,329 
161,772 
92,531 
539,700 
42,335 

63,  sm 

1,035,611 

'     602,426 

'  1,056,526 

1,416,319 

226,283 

154,495 

89,051 

629,046 

35,405 

30,493 

g21,303 

28,290 

0,774 
54,176 
17,046 

7,277 

3,480 
10,654 

6,030 
33,000 

214,308 

751 

6,360 

52,003 

1,523 

203 

940 

8,570 

,             134 

168 

62,311 

27,530 

3,505 
2,173 

15,. 523 
6,9)>4 
2,540 
2,084 
6,70A 

32,031 

151,007 

4» 

t 

49 

:::::::::::i:::::::::: 

' 

19,437           1,352 
191,126  1         3,201 

53,. 556 
430 

8,710 
32,996 

S7 

aas.oao 

3W,33I 
1M,001 

91. nt 

302,680 
387,524 
««,8»0 
84,300 

80,380 

30,807 

87,111 

7,010 

36,853 

18,831 

233 

1       6.394 

63,527 

11,076 

86,878 

616 

a 

at 

80 
61 



! 

'  Aletanclrla  county,  which  In  1820  formed  part  o(  the  District  of  roliimbla.  Is  hero  Included  with  Virginia  for  comparative  purposes. 
'  KCrfo?mfh7r?"„';^Tn;«0°ma;  i^cmd^  '^"X^^S^t^i  SXSU.  of  Colon«lo  and  Nevada,  but  a,  th.  .«ntor,  wa.  not  r^.ported  br  n„n„r  ..v., 
divisions,  the  (acts  can  not  be  ascertained. 


224 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Table  109.-FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  BY  NUMBER  OF  MEMBERS,  BY  COUNTIES:   1790. 


Total 
number 

of 
families. 

NUMBER  OF  MEMBEES. 

COFNTT. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

H  or  over. 

United  States 

410,636 

15,353 

31,979 

48,116 

56,616 

57,171 

54,052 

46,172 

36,932 

26,687 

17,356 

20,203 

Haine 

17,009 

1,109 

1,115 

1,978 

2,201 

2,223 

2,175 

1,886 

1,531 

1,129 

784 

878 

4,218 
1,794 
5,324 
663 
5,110 

24,065 

144 

194 
541 
112 
118 

814 

264 
116 
329 
27 
379 

1,502 

449 
234 
584 
67 
644 

2,669 

636 
204 
671 
62 
729 

3,282 

566 
253 
614 
62 
739 

3,392 

552 
196 
649 
79 
699 

3,109 

477 
186 
569 
41 
613 

2,855 

443 
143 
449 
31 
465 

2,301 

304 
119 
370 
37 
299 

1,732 

224 

68 
262 

21 
219 

1,131 

271 

296 

206 

New  Hampshire 

1,278 

4,796 
2,463 
5,330 
7,398 
4,078 

14,992 

48 
270 

84 
249 
163 

505 

275 
163 
321 
508 
235 

1,060 

662 
265 
542 
850 
460 

1,734 

670 
330 
671 
1,021 
590 

2,146 

677 
319 
711 
1,088 
597 

2,139 

646 
274 
734 
922 
533 

2,040 

605 

275 
676 
842 
457 

1,781 

480 
199 
567 
669 
386 

1,400 

363 
145 
396 
528 
300 

895 

233 
101 
298 
335 
164 

638 

237 

122 

330 

386 

203 

Vermont 

654 

1,157 
1,997 
1,380 
1,889 
2,794 
3,042 
2,733 

65,779 

6 
32 

104 
57 
77 

176 
54 

1,393 

96 
137 

95 
147 
233 
172 
180 

5,754 

166 
209 
176 
225 
332 
303 
323 

7,990 

169 
247 
199 
281 
413 
423 
414 

8,999 

178 
279 
204 
273 
409 
414 
382 

9,224 

170 
266 
185 
248 
392 
382 
397 

8,709 

137 
246 
131 
223 
327 
387 
330 

7,490 

105 
191 
136 
170 
226 
320 
252 

5,971 

57 
146 

63 
108 
168 
180 
173 

4,380 

46 
120 
43 
68 
114 
138 
109 

2,791 

28 

124 

44 

89 

103 

147 

119 

3,078 

2,889 
4,899 
6,541 
658 
10,883 
9,617 

7,580 
872 
5,173 
8,038 
9,729 

11,296 

23 

27 

78 

9 

362 

104 

112 
27 
100 
248 
303 

231 

243 

327 

447 

42 

1,248 
661 

757 
HI 
474 
808 
736 

865 

387 
499 
720 
77 
1,527 
912 

991 

152 

624 

1,089 

1,012 

1,387 

402 

650 

773 

78 

1,599 

1,182 

1,062 

116 

739 

1,182 

1,216 

1,523 

407 

674 

797 

66 

1,583 

1,278 

1,108 

121 

760 

1,142 

1,289 

1,472 

340 

679 

804 

75 

1,342 

1,385 

1,014 

90 

685 

1,080 

1,215 

1,661 

351 

620 

640 

63 

1,081 

1,267 

832 

81 

573 

835 

1,147 

1,221 

287 
506 
493 
54 
794 
1,114 

626 

67 

457 

570 

1,003 

1,028 

201 
381 
318 
52 
674 
795 

474 
44 
337 
432 
772 

810 

119 
261 
210 
19 
360 
506 

284 
30 
214 
287 
501 

510 

129 

275 

Bristol           

261 

24 

413 

513 

Middlesex      

320 

33 

plvmouth      

210 

Suffolk                                              

365 

Worcester 

535 

698 

567 
1,387 
2,448 
4,016 
2,878 

40,876 

18 
11 
69 
63 
70 

1,082 

64 

71 

251 

294 

185 

3,268 

80 
164 
313 
488 
342 

4,670 

67 
185 
364 
540 
367 

5,706 

74 
189 
307 
532 
370 

5,790 

79 
176 
335 
544 
417 

5,663 

62 
164 
226 
441 
328 

4,711 

44 
128 
201 
363 
292 

3,748 

47 
106 
151 
314 
192 

2,654 

13 
80 
92 
192 
133 

1,688 

19 

113 

Newport     

139 

245 

182 

1,896 

Fairfield       

6,412 
6,582 
6,563 
3,282 

6,012 
6,686 
2,139 
4,200 

54,878 

116 
102 
199 
72 

444 

116 

18 

15 

1,123 

643 
537 
431 
297 

640 
525 
127 
168 

3,909 

783 
763 
664 
394 

807 
712 
221 
326 

6,560 

998 
920 

847 
490 

855 
841 
278 
477 

7,945 

992 
944 
957 
435 

849 
812 
291 
510 

8,197 

910 
948 
974 
447 

738 
762 
314 
570 

7,466 

733 

756 
796 
366 

643 

575 
283 
559 

6,330 

563 
649 
667 
287 

440 
457 
215 
490 

4,918 

372 
441 
467 
193 

286 
354 
155 
386 

3,565 

202 
257 
284 
148 

174 
246 
112 
265 

2,233 

210 

265 

287 

Middlesex 

153 

New  Haven 

136 

Tolland 

125 

New  York  

2  642 

12,317 

374 

4,276 

6,717 

546 

4,906 
6,037 
204 
2,890 
2,548 

566 
2,858 
4,354 
2,488 
3,797 

73,874 

199 
67 
72 
47 
9 

176 
176 
5 
25 
143 

7 

86 
47 
40 
25 

2,546 

711 

42 

268 

305 

50 

328 

813 
35 
151 
181 

61 
327 
214 
192 
251 

5,807 

1,433 
60 
456 
661 
67 

541 

1,023 
28 
319 
301 

83 
412 
427 
303 
466 

8,592 

1,793 

54 

60S 

845 

81 

704 

1,022 

34 

391 

369 

102 
446 
607 
356 
633 

9,971 

1,819 

54 

680 

955 

90 

717 
908 
20 
450 
395 

86 
432 
716 
418 
557 

10,191 

1,758 

41 

566 

875 

72 

690 
679 
21 
425 
368 

75 
412 
602 
346 
537 

9,745 

1,497 

25 

533 

819 

61 

537 
516 
17 
374 
301 

67 
288 
536 
291 
468 

8,365 

1,166 

19 

403 

714 

48 

453 

376 

17 

264 

211 

48 
208 
426 
219 
347 

6,736 

837 

9 

333 

542 

26 

319 
211 
11 
217 
123 

24 
125 
354 
146 
278 

4,857 

518 

7 

210 

400 

20 

214 

132 

9 

129 

71 

14 
67 

214 
85 

143 

3,207 

586 

257 

22 

New  Yorli  city  and  county 

182 

Ontario 

7 

14S 
85 

9 

56 

211 

93 

192 

3,857 

Suffolk 

Washington 

1,844 
2,232 
5,244 
4,180 
4,435 

3,017 
3,248 
1,724 
2,388 

2,528 

1,268 

6,980 

867 

119 
53 
79 
145 
118 

80 
112 
167 
219 

59 
44 
66 
3 

160 
135 
493 
282 
320 

210 
243 
134 
156 

198 
81 

426 
78 

202 
282 
636 
442 
467 

332 
382 
201 
290 

260 
136 
710 
110 

256 
306 
685 
539 
560 

405 
491 
239 
300 

315 
178 
852 
138 

264 
334 
760 
591 
653 

418 
489 
231 
318 

355 
167 
851 
113 

227 
272 
702 
569 
646 

392 
460 
200 
268 

332 
158 
859 
119 

196 
260 
635 
492 
632 

376 
348 
171 
262 

301 
147 
709 
107 

172 
214 
463 
402 
430 

295 
311 
123 
218 

234 
124 
537 
76 

122 
166 
361 
284 
349 

205 
178 
86 
147 

189 
108 
381 
62 

70 
116 
223 
184 
234 

132 
136 

81 
106 

121 
63 

268 
35 

66 
115 
237 
260 
336 

172 
98 
92 

105 

164 
62 
332 

Bucks 

Chester 

Cumberland 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Luzerne 

p 


GENERAL  TABLES.  225 

Table  109.-FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  BY  NUMBER  OF  MEMBERS,  BY  COUNTIES:  179a-ConUnued. 


Pennsylvania— Continued. 

Mifflin 

Montgomery 

Northampton 

Nortbuinoerland 


Philadelphia... 

Washington 

Westmoreland . 
York 


Maryland . 


Allegany  ' 

.\nn- Arundel 

Baltimore 

Baltimore  town  and  precincts. 
Calvert ' 


Caroline 

CecU 

Charles 

Dorchester. 
Frederick.. 


Harford 

Kent 

Montgomery... 
Prince  Georges. 
Queen  Anns  . . . 


St.  Marys... 
Somersett  i.. 

Talbot 

Washington. 
Worcester. . . 


North  Carolina. 


Edenton  district 

Fayette  district 

Halifax  district 

UiUsborough  district . 


Morgan  district 

Newbern  district 

Salisbury  district 

Wilmington  district. 


South  Carolina. 


Beaufort  district 

Camden  district 

Charleston  district 

Cheraw  district 

Georgetown  district... 

Ninetj-six  district 

Orangeburgh  district. 


Total 
number 

or 
bmllles. 


1,2S9 
3,803 
4,091 
2,946 

9,504 
3,944 
2,813 
6,559 

33,294 


2,122 
3,497 
1,727 


1,352 
1,906 
2,029 
654 
4,377 

2,039 
1.299 
2,077 
1,820 
1,579 

1,527 


1,425 
2,445 
1,419 

48,701 


6,829 
5,403 
7,033 
3,721 

5,120 
7,596 
9,977 
3,022 

25,872 


962 
5,074 
3,709 
1,344 
1,837 
10, 578 
2,368 


NUHDCB  or  KXMBBBS. 


41 
143 

40 
127 

429 
44 

83 
376 

1,687 


116 
105 
50 


61 
188 
216 

43 
118 

127 
69 

102 
82 

100 


55 
149 
52 

3,519 


529 
630 
212 

117 
634 
472 
163 

1,344 


107 

177 
509 

45 
135 
283 

88 


268 
344 
217 

927 
206 
246 
605 

2,696 


176 
253 
182 


108 
157 
182 
60 


167 
132 
197 
153 
122 

lis 


134 

378 
522 
324 

1,333 
405 
346 
700 

3,890 


200 
394 
251 


117 
201 
72 


561 
451 
507 
252 

373 
652 
681 

277 

2,249 


113 
338 
562 
110 
191 
739 
196 


158 
232 
236 
93 
419 

258 
160 
245 
230 
175 

206 


151 
274 
148 

5,483 


840 
612 
749 
359 


946 

1,003 

376 

3,163 


135 
527 
583 
159 
243 


166 
465 
567 
382 

1,343 
554 
380 

852 

4,619 


142 

480 
573 


1,317 
616 
367 


4,588 


305 
501 
288 


214 

239 

263 

90 

543 

279 
184 
272 
265 
211 

225 


213 

277 
250 

6,482 


9«3 
725 
831 
432 

677 
1,108 
1,285 

461 

3,741 


153 

701 
609 
207 
288 
1,427 
356 


274 
442 
259 


219 
228 
252 
109 
582 

256 
191 
264 
246 
239 

218 


232 
342 
235 


982 
680 
933 
465 

667 
1,031 
1,270 

463 

3.464 


428 
184 
278 
,423 
345 


182 
667 
537 
378 

1,162 
582 
372 
861 

4,204 


233 
464 
184 


174 
244 
244 


229 

ins 

259 
232 

221 


188 
280 
245 

6.083 


843 
628 


441 


644 

9C5 

1,275 

392 

3,307 


HI 

768 
346 
183 
217 
,357 
325 


166 
458 


904 
483 
811 
734 

3,640 


134 

378 
390 
323 

659 
I9« 
277 
590 

3,837 


228 
388 

1S3 


122 
196 
207 
66 
513 

244 
137 
222 
186 
179 

179 


173 
273 
167 

S,162 


634 

577 
748 
431 

555 

774 
1,154 


2,731 


620 
245 
142 
188 
1,198 
259 


154 
309 

109 


121 
144 
173 
45 
439 


1S6 
162 
136 


114 
253 
123 

4.328 


S03 
463 
647 


492 

eos 

992 
229 

2.146 


43 
489 
172 
107 
118 
1,022 
195 


105 
376 
355 
315 

491 
303 
194 
401 

1,953 


too 

72 


75 
104 
109 

38 
323 

113 
65 
131 
120 
86 

8t 


75 
145 


3,134 


327 
334 
438 
295 

412 
396 

776 
156 


40 
339 
102 
86 
91 
807 
124 


W 


80 
170 
196 
U3 

sao 

170 
130 
371 

1,320 


68 
1S4 
61 


to 

80 

61 

15 

246 

80 
43 
109 
66 
67 


46 
122 
26 


217 
1B3 
306 

206 

369 
225 
521 
101 


24 
211 
61 
«« 
46 
519 
83 


Uc 


61 
230 
219 
13* 

619 
lat 
98 
2» 

1,M6 


221 
214 
119 


80 
94 
87 
23 
336 

107 
71 

120 
78 
53 

49 


61 
129 
3S 

2.229 


197 
213 
347 
233 

316 
260 
548 
115 


20 
236 
92 
65 
42 
606 
79 


>  Schedules  destroyed. 


226  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 

Table  110  -FOREIGN  BORN  POPULATION  OF  CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES,  AND  OF  THE  AREA  COVERED  BY 
lABLE  no.     ru  ^^^  ENUMERATION  OF  1790,  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH:  1850  TO  1900. 


■ 

CONTINENTAL  UNITED  STATES. 

ABEA  COVEEED  BY  THE 

ENUMERATION  OF  1790. 

COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH. 

1900 

1890  < 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

1900 

1890' 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1860 

All  foreign  countries  — 

nO,356,M4 

9,249,547 

6,679,943 

5,567,229 

> 4,138,697 

3  2,244,602 

5,022,989 

4,153,155 

3,065,088 

2,765,197 

'2,264,121 

3  1,466,806 

North  America 

1,314,152 

1,083,239 

802,664 

547,770 

285,022 

166,941 

672,492 

505,999 

356,521 

261,235 

137,487 

104,092 

.    fEnelish*        

785,958 
395,297 

107,311 
25,586 

8,884,846 

678, 442 
302,496 

79,045 
23,256 

8,020,608 

\    717,157 

69,106 
16,401 

5,744,311 

493,464 

42,736 
11,570 

4,936,618 

249,970 

27,699 
7,353 

3,805,701 

147,711 

13,458 
5,772 

«  2,031,867 

I     352,510 
\    305,963 

3,040 
10,979 

4,310,037 

267,021 
229,662 

1,325 
7,991 

3,623,023 

}    348,117 

812 
7,592 

2,686,125 

254,727 

505 
6,003 

2,495,974 

132,866 

394 
4,227 

2,120,729 

100,338 

canadaii^s,  :::::. 

Mexico  and  Central  Amer- 

359 
3,395 

« 1,333,156 

Cubaand  West  Indies^  .. 
Europe 

United  Kingdom 

2,788,304 

3,122,911 

2,772,169 

2,626,241 

2,199,079 

1,340,812 

1,799,596 

1,961,182 

1,742,284 

1,707,038 

1,491,960 

1,024,214 

1,618,567 

842,078 
233,977 
93,682 

2,670,031 

1,064,309 

1,871,509 

909,092 
242,231 
100,079 

2,787,776 

933,249 

1,854,571 

664,160 
170,136 
83,302 

1,979,578 

440,262 

1,855,827 

565,046 
140,835 
74,533 

1,696,335 

241,685 

1,611,304 

433,494 
108,518 
45,763 

1,276,075 

72,582 

961,719 

278,675 
70,550 
29,868 

583,774 

18,075 

1,162,931 

458,537 
127,989 
50,139 

987,160 

180,409 

1,307,005 

472,695 
127,670 
53,812 

1,016,013 

122,165 

1,278,184 

334,760 
87,237 
42,103 

730,020 

41,601 

1,300,187 

292, 139 
74,. 345 
40,367 

664,128 

16,712 

1,171,279 

234,759 
61,515 
24,407 

540,208 

6,616 

779,547 

England     (including 
Great  Britain,  not 

179,079 

47,767 

Wales      

17,821 

German  Empire ' 

Scandinavian  comitries. . . 

270,433 
2,956 

573,040 
336,985 
154,284 

579,042 

478,041 
322,665 
132,543 

303,812 

194,337 
181,729 
64,196 

135,550 

97,332 
114,246 
30,107 

74,534 

18,625 
43,995 
9,962 

25,061 

3,559 

12,678 

1,838 

946 

135,719 
22,472 
22,218 

309,910 

89,540 
16,726 
15,899 

126,147 

30,106 
4,095 
7,400 

29,970 

11,134 

1,836 
3,742 

12,762 

3,357 
1,011 
2,248 

4,569 

1,427 

686 

943 

Austria-Hungary 

354 

276,249 
156,991 
145,802 

484,207 

480,907 
154,424 
150,232 
58,503 
20,351 
115,851 
105,049 
104,341 

37,690 

123,271 
118,106 
62,435 

182,580 

182,644 

147,440 

1W,069 
81,828 
113,174 

22,181 

38,603 
85,361 
11,526 

5  44,535 

35,722 

48,557 

88,621 
58,090 
106,971 

13,426 

30,508 
40,289 
3,737 

8  17,212 

4,644 

14,436 

75,153 
46,802 
116,402 

8,383 

«  25,061 

i»  11,677 
3,IfiO 

7,298 

53,327 
28,281 
109,870 

8,360 

8  946 

i»  3,679 
1,414 

("1 

13,358 

9,848 

54,069 

4,387 

I     175,588 
{       25,411 
I    108,911 

362,768 

309,270 

r      3!),  288 

1       39,492 

1     114,001 

I       10,855 

34,910 

22,264 

45,710 

19,968 

64,131 
14,028 
46,988 

124,602 

99,527 

59,497 

28,807 
18,240 
44,701 

7,488 

11,415 
12,075 
6,480 

•25,116 

7,953 

18,967 

25,582 
15,534 
40,066 

4,484 

7,329 
4,088 
1,345 

9  6,896 

2,315 

6,230 

19,993 
12,001 
41,763 

3,096 

4,569 
(•) 

354 

m 

Italy          

10  4,608 
1,598 

3,359 

14,389 

8,651 

39,325 

3,392 

»  1,823 

Russia    (including    Fin- 
land)                    

973 

Russian 

(") 

Not  specified 

Switzer  and 

3,938 

4,014 

France '. 

21,834 

Spain  and  Portugal 

1,818 

Portugal-.. 

30,618 
7,072 

29,804 
9,933 
8,564 

17,304 

120,862 

15,996 
6,185 

22,639 
1,839 
1.S87 

12,579 

113,383 

8,138 
»5,288 

15,535 

1,205 

77P 

3,314 

107,630 

4,542 
"3,841 

12,553 

302 

390 

1,546 

64,565 

4,116 
4,244 

9,072 
128 
328 

1,403 

36,796 

1,274 
3,113 

1,313 
106 
86 

(13) 

1,135 

17,337 
2,631 

8,617 
6,932 
4,892 
13,995 

24,700 

4,804 
2,684 

6,093 

1,183 

747 

7,631 

9,965 

2,208 
12  2,276 

2,693 
526 
251 

1,078 

3,473 

1,493 
"1,603 

1,966 
197 
147 
730 

1,258 

1,990 
1,402 

1,416 

92 

111 

435 

725 

861 

957 

712 

47 

Greece..        

40 

Europe,  not  specified 

Asia                   

(13) 

261 

China 

81,827 

25,077 

2,050 

11,908 

8,900 

106,688 
2,292 
2,143 
2,260 

9,353 

104,468 

401 

1,707 

1,054 

6,859 

63,042 

73 

586 

864 

4,028 

35,. 565 
1,231 

2,140 

758 
377 

588 

15,546 
(            683 
{            937 
I        7,534 

2,397 

7,303 

437 

1,040 

1,185 

2,425 

2,078 
145 
992 
258 

1,739 

419 

34 

354 

451 

861 

175 

57 

India 

Asia,  not  specified 

.550 
437 

204 

196 

Sandwich     Islands  (Ha- 
waii)   

1,304 
8,049 

5,006 
2,207 

10,218 
5,533 

1,147 
5,712 

4,566 
2,204 

7,641 
4,068 

584 
3,444 

3,565 
2,657 

5,388 
2,638 

435 
1,705 

3,263 
526 

»5,249 

588 

(13) 

1,543 
551 

»41,977 

202 
2,223 

2,123 
1,024 

6,767 
1,829 

397 
1,342 

1,764 
818 

3,027 
1,621 

135 

726 

1,081 
1,007 

2,796 
985 

199 
238 

798 
315 

» 3,630 

196 

All  other" 

8,900 

4,761 
2,552 

12,342 
8,229 

2,397 

2,274 
1,306 

6,919 
2,864 

m 

546 

Africa      

311 

All  other  countries,  and  un- 

» 28, 245 

•  Exclusive  of  Indian  Territory  and  Indian  reservations. 

3  Including  (15,368)  persons  stationed  abroad,  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

•  Corrected  total,  as  given  in  Ninth  Census  Report  on  Population,  Table  iv. 
<  Includes  Newfoundland. 

'  I'orto  Rico  included  from  1,S.50  to  1890. 

•  Total  for  specified  countries  only. 

'  Lu-^cniburg  Included  from  l.S7(i'to  1900,  because  probably  reported  as  a  Cterman  state  in  1S50  and  1860. 

«  Reported  as  Austria;  but  Hungary  did  not  have  a  separate  government  until  1867,  and  Bohemia  not  until  later. 

»  Including  Malta,  which  was  reported  separately  in  1870  and  1880. 

"  Including  Sardinia,  which  was  reported  separately  in  1850  and  1860. 

u  .Mot  reported  separately;  either  divided  between  Russia,  Germany,  and  Austria,  or  included  in  "all  other  countries." 

"  Including  Gibraltar,  which  was  reported  separately  in  1870  and  1880. 

13  Included  in  "all  other  countries." 

u  I'hilippine  Islands,  Guam,  and  Samoa  included  from  1860  to  1890. 

>'  Balance  required  to  produce  corrected  totals  given  in  Nmth  Census  Report  on  Population,  Table  iv. 


GENERAL  T.VBLES. 


227 


Table  lll.-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS;  1790. 


Aaron,  Ahron,  Aran,  Aron,  Arons 

Abbe,  Abba,  Abbay,  Abbee,  Abbev,  Abby,  Aby 

Abbot,  Abl)ert,  Abbet,  Abbett,  Abbit,  Abbitt,  Abbott,  Abet,  Ablt,  Abitta,  Allot,  Abii'lV 

Abell,  Abbell,Abeal,Abeel,Aliel,  Abels,  Alile 

A'wmatby,  Abanatha,  Abbinalha,  Abenatha,  Abennathy,  Abematha,  Abernathey,  Abernelbie 

Abinathy,  Ebenathy ' 

Abrams,  Abraham,  Abrahams.  Abraim,  Abranue 

Acker,  Acre,  Acres,  Aiker,  .\ker,  Akers,  Akus ',','.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

Ackerman,  Ackman,  .\oreman,  .\kemon,  ,\kerman,  Akkermao "!!!!!!!!!!! 

Ackerson,  Acason,  Ackuson,  Akerson ',[',','.. 

Ackley,.\cerly,Acheley,  Acherly,  Achley,  Ackcrly,  Ackly,  .\cley,  Akeley,  Akely......"!!!.!!.! 

Adair,  Adear 

Adams,  Adam,  Adamcs,  Addam,  Addams,  Adenis,  Adorn 

Addison,  .\dderson,  Addlsson,  AdersoD,  Adison,  Atterson,  Attison 

AKnew,  Agner,  Alchnor,  .\igner 

Alnsworth,  .^inesworth.  Anesworth,  Answorlh,  .\ynesworth,  Aynswortb 

Akin,  Aiken,  Alkens,  Aikln,  Aikins,  Aking,  Akins 

Albaugh,  Ailabaueh.  Alabagh,  Albo,  Albough,  Alebough,  Allebough,  Alllbou^,  Alsbsugh, 

Alsbaiih,  .\ulabaiigh 

Albe,  Albee.  .Vltey,  .\lble.  Albree,  Alby.  AUbee 

Albert.  Allierd,  Albiirt,  Alleburt,  Allebut 

Albert-ion,  Altwrson , 

Albright.  Albrijht.  Alhrite,  Allbright,  Allbrite,  AUrigbt,  Alprighl 

Albro.  Alboro.  Alhorrow,  Alsbro 

Alcock,  .\lcockp.  .\licock,  Allcock,  AUscock 

Alden,  Aldln.  Allden 

Alderman.  .Vldeman 

Aldrtch.  Alderidge,  Aldrideh,  Aldridg,  Aldridge,  Aldrige,  Aldrish,  Aledridge,  Alridge,  Altridge, 

Auldridge 

Alexander,  Alexandor.  .\lexandr>',  Alixander,  Alixandrew,  Alleckrander,  Allexander,  Eleck- 

andrew.  Elexander,  Elixander 

AKord .  A 11  ford 

Alger.  .Mgier.  Algire.  .\lgniar,  Alguire,  Algur,  Aulgur 

Allard.  Alhurd.  Allod.  Allord 

Allen,  Alan.  Alean,  Alen,  Aient,  Alin,  .\llan,  Alland,  AUein,  Allien,  Allin,  Alllne,  Alliu,  Alloc, 

AUyn,  Allyne 

Alley,  Ally. 


Ailing,  .\alin 

Allis.  .\lice.  .Mies.  Allice 

Allison.  Aieson.  .^ILsen,  Alison.  Allason.  Alleson,  .\lleston.  Allisen,  Allisson,  Alliston 

Allman,  Aldman,  Allmand,  AUmond,  Alman,  Almon,  Almond 

Almev,  A  Imy 

Aired.  Aldrod.  AUrcd 

Alsobrook,  Allbrooks,  Allsobrook,  Alsbrook 

Alsop,  A l.siip 

Alston,  Allston,  AUstone 

Alvord ,  .\ I vanl.  Alvcrd 

Aman,  Aniandt,  Amend.  Ament,  Ammon,  .Ymmond,  Ammonds,  Ammons,  Amond,  AmoDS,  Ar- 

man,  Arniant.  Arment.  Arraon,  Arraond,  .\nnount 

Amason,  Amazeen,  Amcrson,  Ameson,  Araoson 

Ambler,  Ambly 

Ambrose.  Ambros,  Ambrous,  Ambiow,  Ambrus,  Ambnise 

Ames,  Aamcs,  Aims • - 

Amroidown,  Amadown,  Amedown,  Amesdown,  Amidown,  Ammedoun,  Ammedown,  Amml- 

don,  Ammidoun 

Amos,  Amas,  Amies,  Amis,  Amoss,  Amiis,  Amyst 

Amsbiirj-,  .\  Imsbury ,  Amcsbury ,  Amsberry,  Armbcrry ,  Armsberry,  Annsbury 

Amsden,  A rmden 

Anders.  Andes,  Andis 

Anderson,  A ndersen,  Andersons,  Andresen,  Andrson 

Andrews,  Andre,  Andrces,  Andrew,  Andrw,  Andrws 

Andrus.  Andras,  Andres,  Andress,  Andries,  Andris,  .\ndros,  Androse,  Androsa,  Andruss 

Angel,  .Vngell.  .\ngill.  .\ngle 

Annis.  .Vnnas.  Annes.  .\nnies,  Anors 

Anthonv,  .\nthoney.  .<ntoney,  Antony •• 

Appleby.  Abbleby,  Apleby,  Appelbe,  Appelby,  Applabe,  Applebee,  Appyby 

Appleton. 


Archibald.  Archabaid.  Archabeld,  Arehbald,  Arehbiil,  .\rchboid,  Archeb'',  Arcbebald  . 

Armer.  .\rmor,  .-Vrmour ■ 

Annistead.  Almsted.  Armestead,  Armisted,  Armstad.  Armstead 

Amiitage.  .^rmetig,  Annetrage,  Asmitge,  Armittage,  Annontage,  Aimontiage 

Arras,  .\rraes 

Armstrong. 


Arnold.  Amal,  Amald.  Amauld,  .-Vmel.  Amell,  Amild.  Amol.  Arnolds,  Amull 

AmoHt.  Amat.  Amatt.  Amaught.  Amet,  Amctt,  .\mot,  Amott 

Arrington.  .\rington.  Arranton •  ■ 

Arthur,  Arther,  Arthers,  Arthurs,  Aurthcrs,  Anther,  Author 

Ash.  .\sh(i 

Ashby.  ,\shlx>o 

Ashcralt ,  Ashcrolt 

Ashlev,  .\shly 

Ash  ton 

Askew,  Askuc,  Askyou,  Asc^ue 

Askins,  -\skon.  Askens,  Askm,  Askrin -,;•-•  —  ••■.:,-  • ;  * '  ■.* '«-ii 

Aspinwall.  Arspinwell,  Aspanell,  Aspenvall,  Aspenwall,  AspenweU,  AspenwiU,  AspinweU 

Astin,  Asten.  .\stins.  Aston,  Astons - ■■  • •  •  •  - i',»WJ^,;' Vt/.'hiniAn' 

Atchison.  Acheson,  Achison,  Aitchason,  Altcheson,  Atchason,  Atcherson,  Atcheaon.  Atchlnson, 

Aychlnson 

Atherton,  A therten,  Autherton ■  -  • ,•  •  • ; 

Atkerson.  .\dkerson.  Adk.-tton.  Atcason,  Atkertson.  Atkeson,  AtkUon 

Atkins.  .Vdkin.  .\dkins.  Aitken,  Aitkens,  Aitkin,  Atkens.  Atkin.  Altkia. 

Atkinson,  Adidnson,  Aitkinson,  Atkenson 

Attwater,  Atwater 


5.3 
6.2 
S.7 
S.3 

8.1 
5.4 
5.9 
5.8 
5.3 
6.S 
9.7 
5.8 
S.I 
«.0 
6.7 
5.3 

5.8 
54 
5.6 
5.3 
4.5 
6.0 
5  0 
8.0 
5.8 

57 

58 
6.3 
6.1 
6.6 

5.7 

4.8  1 

5.3 

&0 

5.5 

5.2 

6.6 

6.5 

5.9 

5.7 

5.0 

6.1 

6.0 
4.8 
5  2 
4.8 
5.6 

5.9 
6.5 
5.3 
57 
5.6 
5.5 
6.6 
5.3 
5.9 
6.8 
6.5 
5.4 
&3 
6.5 
5.8 
5.3 
6.5 
6.2 
6.8 
6.4 
5.9 
4.7 
5.5 
5.1 
5.5 
6.4 
7.1 
6.1 
5.3 
5.3 
5.5 
6.3 
5.8 

S.0 

ai 

S.  II 
5.0 
6.4 


19 
59 
380 
99 

38 
75 
65 
42 
24 
87 
19 
1,246 
28 
24 
35 
132 

22 
42 
40 
61 
68 
28 
34 
81 
23 

231 

408 
SO 
S9 
16 

,563 
48 
47 
33 
17,5 
40 
29 
17 
18 
18 
33 
41 

46 

27 
28 
28 
156 

29 

45 

19 

21 

20 

726 

593 

147 

106 

31 

129 

36 

36 

106 

29 

24 

37 

18 

30 

311 

483 

25 

41 

52 

65 

33 

17 

115 

S3 

44 

37 

18 

36 

36 
51 

26 
22.') 
142 

74 


82 

308 

1,799 

426 

195 
331 
319 
201 
103 
426 
106 
5,712 
116 
119 
163 
668 

ice 

186 
185 
221 
201 
139 
136 
405 
110 

,092 


266 
300 
90 

7,331 
184 
200 
165 
787 
168 
161 
94 
89 
85 
133 
206 

229 
103 
117 
107 
722 

141 

248 

82 


91 

,262 

,711 

631 

516 

150 

576 

157 

189 

481 

139 

102 

166 

93 

175 

.387 

,381 

92 

186 

214 

294 

177 

103 

SS4 

227 

190 

167 

95 

174 


HKUM  or  riimnEa. 


180 
359 

118  '... 

,036  ,  7 

W9  8 

322  .... 


24 


10 


21 


22 


57 


83 


17 


...10 
1 
16 


4  I  25 
34  104 

..  M) 
50  .  5 

1  '.... 
32  .... 


166 


10 


30 


3 

6 
1 

2  3  ;  S 

61  167  I  68 

64  69  i  25 

6 ;  8 

6  2 

1  1 

23  20 

12  3 


10 


10 
7 

4  3 

10  12 

21  >  13 

1  I..., 


16  13 


33  |1I8 
9  14 
9 


26 


10 


IS 


II 
4   1 

8  6 
49  33 
23  I  39 

,...1  1 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


228 

„,Tn,TT  M  »MT.Q  T^FPRFSENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
T.B..XU.-NOMENCLATURE^DE^.UNG^W^^^^^^ 


Atwell,  Attwell,  Atwall,  AtwiU ■■.■■.'.'".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'-' 

Atwood,  Adwood,  Attwood . •  ■  •  •  ■ 

i;ifd"Al>nun'lw:  A?r^r/.rii.^e"iTlt,;AityAlt.;-A^^^  Awl,  Awld,  AwU. 

i^ritt  \™"'t.lve^tt,  AveretfAverett,  Averit,  Averite,  Avert.  A vret 


ir/rr  tlrTM^f^xie:  -AireV,  Aiis,-  Ayer/Ayere,- A^i  Ayres;  Ayi^VEyers,  Eyre,  Eyres,  Eyrs. 
Aylswo'rth,  Aihvorth,  Aylesworth 


labbettM^  bS;  BabWtt;  Babet.  Babit^  ^^ 

Bahcock.  Baheok.  Babecock 

bS-^T BaS'?' B'lccuV.Bacbus: Backeus, Backhause,- Backhouse,- Backhus,  Backis, Backuss, 

Bnrkus.  Beckas,  Beck-us,  Boccus  

Bacon,  Bacom.  Bacorn,  Bakon,  Bakoon y.W.'.WV.'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'. 

Badcock -. 

Badger,  Bad"or,  Badjo..... 

Baee.  Bas.  Bar?e,  Baess.  Bags 

Baeeet,  Bascrtt,  Bapgot,  Baggott 

Bagley,  BacBeslT.  Bagly.  Bagsley,  Begley ;;;; 


^t:  l^^^'^a^l'^:  ISS.^ne,^S^,Bains;Ban^-Bines;Bayan,  Bayhan.  Bayne, 


BS?a,Tayard,BayerdVBiardVByard,  Byart,  Byord :::::::::::;:::::::.: 

Baker ..\..\..\\[.l....... 

Balcom,'Balcam,"iBalcoinb;  Bkicome;  BklkW,  BolcVmVBolcom 

llldwS   Mdl^'Sn^laldon;  Baidwinei  Baidwing;Balwin;^ 

wine,  Bawldcn,  Bawldin,  Boldwin 

Ball.Bal.  Baul • 


Bancroft.  Bancraft. 

Bangs.  Bang,  Bange.  Banges 

Banister.  Bannester.  Bannister 

Binker  Bancker.  Baneker,  Bankard.  Bankart ........ 

Bank"'Bancke,  Banckes,  Bancks,  Bank,  Bankes,  Benckes,  Benkes. 
Bartier.  Barbar,  Barbour 

Barden.Tardeen'.  Bard'in.' Bardine,  Barding,  Bardon 

Bard  well,  Boardwell.  Bodwell.  Bordwell 

Barfield,  Barefleld.  Bearfield.  Bierfield 

Barham,  Barrom,  Berham,  Borham 


BarkW;  BarckreyV Barclay,'  Barcley I  Barciy,  BaVkeYay.'Barklay,  Berckley,  Berkeley,  Berkley, 

Berki V,  Burkley ; ■  v; ■  •; " '  j  ',' " "V,"  Z ' j'li 

Barksdale.  Backsdale,  BarkdoU,  Barkesdale,  BarksdiU 

Blmwd'^Barnerd  '  BafnerrtsV  Barnhard,'  Banihart;  Barnheart;  Barnird;  Bearnhart,  Bernard, 

Berner'd.  Bernhard,  Bornhart,  Bernherd,  Bhenard,  Bonord,  Burnard 

Barnes,  Barn,  Barne,  Barns - - .  - . -  • .  ■ •  ■ 

Barnett  Barnet,  Barnit,  Barnits.  Barnitt,  Barnot,  Barnutt,  Bornet 

Barney.'  Baney,  Barny,  Boney.  Bonney,  Bonny.  Bony 

Bamhill,  Barnald,  Barnell.  Bamhil.  Bamihill 

Barnnm,  Barnam.  Barnham.  Bamon 

Barr,  Bahs.  Bar.  Barre.  Barrs.  Bars 

Barrack   Barhick,  Barick.  Barrick,  Barwick,  Berwick 

Barrel!.  Barhyel,  Barral.  Barrel,  Barrels,  BarroUs,  Byrel     . ..................................  ..•• 

Barrett.  Barett,  Barott,  Barrat.  Barret,  Barretts,  Barrit,  Barritt,  Barrot,  Barrett,  Berret,  Bemt 

Barron,' Baron.  Barons.  Barren,  Barrens 

Barrows,  Barrer.  Barrow 

Barry.  Barrey,  Bary.  Bearey 

Bartholomew,  Bartelmey,  Barthoiemew,  Barthoiemy,  Bartholmew,  Barthoiume;v,  Bathlemey , 
Battlemc 

Bartle.  Bartall,  Bartel,  Bartell 

Bartlett,  Bartlet,  Bartletts,  Bartlit,  Bartlot 

Bartley,  Bartly - 

Barton,  Barten,  Bartin,  Bartine,  Borton 

Bartow,  Barto,  Bertow.  Burtow 

Bartram,  Bartrom,  Bartron,  Bartrum 

Bascom,  Bascomb,  Bascrnn 

Basford,  Bashford 

Bass,  Basse ■ 

Bassett,  Basett,  Basset,  Bassitt  ,Bassot,Besset 

Batchelder  Bachelder,  Bacheldor,  Bachelelder,  Bacheler,  Bacheller,  Bachellor,  Bachelor,  Bach- 
lor  Baecfiellor,  Batchador,  Batchedor,  Batcheldon,  Batcheldor,  Batcheller,  Batchellor,  Batch- 
elo'r,  Batchler,'Batchoder 

Bateman,  Batemen,  Batesman,  Batman,  Battman 

Bates,  Baits,  Bate,  Bavtes,  Beates,  Beats 

Batten,  Batan,  Baton,  Battan,  Battin,  Batton 

Battle,  Battels,  Battles 

Batts,  Bats,  Batt,  Batle,  Batz 

Bangh,  Beangh,  Bough,  Bow,  Bowe,  Bowes,  Bows 

Baum,  Bawhain,  Bawni 

Baxter,  Backsster,  Backster,  Barkster,  Baxto,  Baxtor,  Beckster,  Beckstor,  Bexter 

Bay,  Bayes,  Bays,  Bey 


5.0 
5.4 
4.5 
5.3 
5.8 
6.4 
5.2 
6.8 
5.5 
6.5 

5.6 
5.3 
6.0 
6-5 

6.2 
5.6 
6.2 
5.7 
6.3 
5.6 
5.5 
5.4 
6.9 
5.S 

5.3 

5.6 
5.9 
6.3 
5.5 
6.3 

5.9 
5  8 
5.5 
4.7 
6.0 
6.7 
5.5 
6.8 
6.0 
5.3 
5.9 
6.2 
6.2 
7.0 
6.4 
6.7 
5.6 

6.0 
4.6 
6.0 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


6.8 

5.7 
5.3 
£.7 
6.0 
6.0 
6.7 
6.4 
6.0 
5.6 
5.4 
5.9 
5,4 
5-5 


37 
201 

30 

54 
370 

63 

22 
2C0 
260 

27 

53 

49 

196 

19 

63 
235 

63 

74 

37 

20 

76 

21 
881 

63 

72 
70 
1,157 
46 
41 
27 

446 

303 

168 

36 

80 

69 

45 

30 

27 

142 

336 

38 

38 

43 

38 

16 

418 

76 
29 
113 

251 

700 

207 

153 

24 

83 

111 

45 

21 

269 

69 

138 

48 

21 


5.9 

5.4 
5.7 
6.5 
5.8 
5.5 
6.4 
6.8 
7.3 
5.3 
5.8 


5,6 
5.9 
5,4 
6,7 
5,8 
5.9 
5.8 
6.8 
5,4 
6,1 


95 
25 

422 
24 

190 
21 
19 
20 
15 

149 

196 


149 

877 

104 

230 
1,792 

287 

92 

1,248 

1,117 

149 

245 
210 
976 
104 

328 

1,093 

326 

349 

195 

91 

344 

93 

4,225 

256 

310 
324 
6,641 
242 
186 
143 

2,177 

1,407 

764 

131 

402 

339 

201 

174 

136 

608 

1.6.38 

198 

161 

260 

207 

91 

1,921 


382 
104 
561 

1.195 

3,258 

888 

726 

95 

419 

624 

199 

104 

1,236 

303 

674 

212 

94 

464 
111 
1,981 
107 
908 

94 
102 
115 

95 
6,36 
940 


3  , 
27     12 


11      26 
19 


65     49 
1 


76 


28     38 
1 


236 
72 

384 
41 
49 
28 
59 
25 

151 
18 


1,075 
3.50 

1.703 
192 
233 
138 
285 
144 
668 
92 


28  58 
20  65 
40 
2 
6 
40 
30 
14 
2 
3 
37 
3 
16 
34 


25 


33     14 


9 
7 

68   168 
5 


10     22 


32 


16 


16 


99 


34 


55 


11 


16 


14 


33 


9     10 

1  15 

2  30 


6  I    1 

....     2 
16     26 

1  1    1 


2 

6 
20 
14 

-4 
13 
17 
20  I  10 
4  1    4 


4 
2 
3 
1 

2 
38 


4 
38 


4 

15 
12 
2 

e 


12 

5 
10 
3 

3 

21 

29 
1 
S 


4 

4 
1 
9 
10 
3 
2 


1 
4 

1 

19 


4 
1 

17 
3 


GENKIIAL  TABLES. 


229 


Table  m.-NOMENCLATIRE.  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  UEPKESEXTED  IJY  AT  LEAST  lOO  WHITE  PERSONS  HY  STATES 

AND  TntRITOUIES,  AT  TIIK  !l"-l'  •  'vc  .     ,- .:.  .    . 


1 
o 

5 

-a 

< 

TWTAU 

mtAOS  or  rAMiuu 

3 

i 

NAME. 

J 

1 

o 

1 

a 

1 

1 

183 
832 
126 
115 

1,296 

281 

104 
1,163 

878 
868  1 
531 
202 

381 
86 

723 

4(» 

307 

196 

522 

543  , 

103 

148 

538 

721 

276 

.?73 
172 

98 
.370 
363 
369 
512 
309 
2.489 

87 

272 
281 
191 
153 
342 
188 
864 
188 
461 
318 

3.329 

849 

l.W 

fiOO 

638 

4fi7 

170 

1,747 

82 

91 

129 

241 

88 

.148 

191 

90 

87 

184 

367 

175 

inc. 

1    209 
1     155 

410 

174 

1,342 

1    313 

S7S 

1 

t 
§ 

ts 

1 
§ 

l: 

1 

1 

a 

s 

11 

1 

1 

12 

i, 

1 

f: 

i 

it 

z 

7 
30 

1 

t 

a 

£ 

5 
9 

1 

23 
18 
38 
11 
53 
129 
33 

1 

a 

4 

1 
4 

'»' 
3 
9 
33 

19 
28 

1 
A 

C 

1 

> 

10 

8 
11 

3 
22 

9 

10 
8 
8 

a 

\ 

i 

Baylis,  Bailcs  Balless,  Bailies,  Bailis,  Baleas,  Balis.  Baylcs,  Bayloss.  Baylies,  Bayllss 

i7 
8.7 

5  2 
£  4 
S.S 
8.8 
8  2 
8.8 
8.7 
8.8 
8.7 
6.1 

8.1 
8.8 

6.0 

8.8 

8.3 
6.6 
8.4 
S.9 
6.2 

6  7 
5  0 
5.3 
5.4 

6.2 
5.8 
8.7 
6.2 
8.0 
5.8 
8.7 
5« 
5.6 
5.0 

5.3 
6.6 
5.9 
5.5 
5.9 
5.1 
8.4 
5,7 
5.8 
6.0 

5.7 
6.1 
5.9 
5.5 
5.7 
5.7 

n.3 

5  7 

39 
176 
30 

■a 

58 
2.5 
241 

INK 

113 
40 

9:1 
19 

145 

85 

72 
3.S 
118 
110 
20 
26 
117 
1G6 
63 

111 

38 
21 
71 
01 

77 

ins 

63 
540 
22 

64 
50 
39 
.34 
74 
46 

197 
40 

102 
64 

7.3 

ir,7 

32 

1.32 

1311 

100 

32 

372 

20 

19 

27 

62 

14 

126 

3t. 

25 

15 

39 

89 

34 

10 

1     '« 
31 
3i; 

!  ^ 

306 
66 

1    127 

8 
8 

1 

1 

Beach,  Becho,  Beech "^              ' 

15 

Beachain ,  Bcachum  Beachump,  Bccham,  Beechem,  Boechum 

I 

BraktT,  Heeker 

- 

Beall,  B(';il,  Berlin   Bealcs,  Boals,  Brol,  Bcele  Beels,  Biehle,  Bicll 

21 

a 

6 

1 

8 
4 

2 
3 
7 
8 
U 

7 

3|      * 

Beam,  Beams.  Hi'cm,  Bc«.'ms,  Itfham,  Belun 

Beamer,  B«'*'inar,  lit-emer,  Ht-hnur,  Itcinnier,  Bejiner 

**** 

2 

Bean,  Bcanc,  Beanes,  Beans,  Bi-en,  Bet-ne,  Bchn,  Beno,  Bien 

41 

.... 

77 

1 

8 

2 
3 
2 
6 

7 
3 
33 

*  "*■ 

14        4 

Bear,  Bachr,  Baer,  Bahre,  Baier,  Bair,  Bairs,  Bare,  Bayer,  Bayers,  Beahr,  Beair,  Beare,  Bean.. 

Beard,  Beards 

Beardsle<%  Bardsley,  Beadsley,  Brardley,  Beardly,  Beardsley,  Bearflsly,  Beanley,  Bi^rdslra.. 

.... 

14 

11 

»4 

7 

3         4 
26       2S 

.     1 

Bearse,  Beart-e,  Bierce,  Birse,  Burse 

3 

2 

28 

.... 

3 
8 

1 

Beasley,  Beasly,  Beassly,  Beazeiey,  Beazley,  Beaily,  Btesoly,  Becsley,  Bwisly,  Beerley,  Besley, 
Bezley,  Biselv,  Bisiey 

S 

24 

1 
37  !    IS 
14        1 

19      11 

16        3 

9        I 

Beason,  Bcasorii ,  Be^-som 

.... 

... 

4 
2 

.... 

.... 

Bcaty,  Baety,  Baettey,  Baitey,  Baity,  Batey,  Battey,  Batty,  Baty,  Beatey,  Beatio,  Bcatte, 
Beattey,  Bcatty 

I 

2 

... 

12 

22 
28 

8 

«2 

20 

9 
32 

37 
27 
2 
6 
1 
2 
2 

10 
1 

12 
5 
8 
4 

11 

8 

32 

3 

1 
2 
1 

10 
1 
2 

16 

3 
13 
S 

Beaver,  Beaverd,  Beavers,  Beavert,  Beavor,  Beavours,  Becver,  Bevar,  Bever,  Bevcrs,  Bevier, 
Biever 

Bcavin,  Bcavan,  Beavans,  Beaven,  Beavens,  Bravins,  Becvans,  Bovan,  Bevuns,  Beven,  Beveos, 
Bovin,  Bevins,  Bevvins,  Bivans,  Biven.  Bivins 

.... 

I 

4 

6 

ErchUl.  BachU-1,  Bechtell,  Bechtle,  Bechtold,  Becktill,  Becktle,  Bishtcl 

" 

1      ' 

1 
4 

15 
3 
1 

i' 

3 
S 

7 

1 

3 

63 

2 

« 

Becker,  Bacher,  Backer,  Becher,  Beckers,  Beker 

1 

Beckett,  Becket,  Beckit 

.... 

1 

2 
6 

4 
1 

7        0 

11 
2 

1 

14 

2 
15 

1 
2 

72 
94 
57 

3 

II 

34 

2 

49 
34 
1 
8 
6 
5 
9 
16 
64 

23 
8 

4 

Beebe,  Beba,  Bcbbe,  Bcbbee,  Bebe,  Bebee,  Beeba,  Beebeo,  Becby,  Beyby 

1    .   .. 

Beedio,  Badellc,  Boadle,  lioadles,  Bealle,  Bedale,  Beddie,  Bedel,  Bedell,  Bedio,  Becdel,  Beedles, 
Be*'!*'!,  Beetlo,  Bctle,  Bettle 

6 

S 
1 

2 

t 



12 

, 

Beekman   Bnckman 

2 

X 

Beeler,  Bealer,  Bealor,  Bchlcr,  Belter,  Belch,  Beler,  Belor,  Bieler,  Birller,  Bielor 

' 

*' 

1 
9 
69 
12 

17 
6 

2 
•j- 

2 
6 

Beeman,  Beaman,  Beamen,  Beamon,  Beamons,  BebniaD,  Beman,  Benion 

7 

1 

7 
1 

"\3 
8 
9 
2 

17 
4 

33 
22 
19 
28 
1 

.... 
1 

1 

14    .... 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

1 
10 

9 
19 

IS 

1        4 

Beldin>:   Beldcn    Beldin    Beldon   Building  

Bell 

96 
2 

3 
4 
6 
1 

1 

1 

30 

76 
8 

18 

148  :    M 

1  1      4 

Bollincor,  Balanger,  Balinger,  Ballanger,  Ballenger,  Ballingeer,  BalUnger,  BecUfoger,  Belcnjer, 

8       14 

8 

fi 

1 

18 

3 

7 

1    .... 

1         1 

11 
48 
2 
6 

1 

21 
2 

"i' 

2 

60 
6 
40 

7 

143 
32 
I 
39 
9 
39 
10 
32 

1 
1 

8 

13 

i      i 

37 
8 

I 

.... 

2      1 

10 
2 
8 

113 
30 
27 

1 

2  .... 

17 
4 

79 
40 
25 

7 
12 

4 

4 

7 
38 

77 
3 

"\3 

1 

37 

12 

33 

1 

1 

1 
8 

1 
1 

BeuniT  Bena  lli^nard  Benear  Bener  Benna  Bennar,  Bennerd,  Benners,  Benno,  Brnnor,  Benor. 

7 

22 

9 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

Benmt!  Banm-t,  Bannett,  Beuat,  Benet,  Benett,  Benit,  Bennalt,  Bennett,  Bennlt,  Bennitt, 

38 
8 
2 

"3 

36 

7 

"Y 
10 

41 

2 

.03 
7 

1 
33'  48 

22  ;    3 

2    .... 
8  1  18 

2    ii' 

64      32 

20       14 

1  '.... 

I 

18 

8 
48 

1 

IS  ;        1 

37 

s 

6 

36 

8 

9 

1 

Berrlnper,  Barineer.  Barrlger,  Barrincer,  Bearlnper,  Beringar,  Beringef.  Berrlger,  BirrlngGr 

1 

46 

39 

2 

48 

4 

9 

40 

44 

1    « 

39 

5.  1 

5.8 
5.8 
4.9 
7.3 
5.3 
6.3 
4.6 
fi.8 
5.7 
5.1 
6.1 

r.  f. 

1    5.3 
ClO 

2 

\ 

13 
3 
9 

6 

14 

Best 

' 

7 

13 

30 

S 

Hester,  Besto,  Bestor,  Bestow 

1 

1 

"i 
8 

I 

3\ 

4  1.... 

'32' 
6 
3 

'24' 
2 

1 

1 

14 

1 

18 

11 

1 
8 
IS 

; » 

1 

I..'. 

"V 

4 
3 

"i 

1 

2 

3 
2 

2 

e 

4 

.... 

1 

1 

20 

3 

1 
16 
14 

« 

1 

1 
6 

s 

49 

1 

1 
2 

I 

6 

.... 

BIcknall.' Bechnal,  Beclinail,  Bcckiial.  Becknall.  Bockncll.  Blcknal,  Bickiwl,  Blcknell      

Bidlnman,  Bedelinan,  Beidelman,  Beldeman,  Beitenman,  Beydornian,  Bidelman,  Bidcmiui, 

.... 

**** 

"'"" 

.... 

I 

2 

.... 

43 

I 
4 

Bidw.ll,  Bidwel.  Birdwell • 

Blirlv,  Bov.rlv,  Blorley.  Blrolv,  Byerley.  Byprly,  Byorly,  Byrely 

Biselow,  BiealW,  Bicgalow,  Blggelow,  Biggilow,  Biglow 

Blcgs,  liig,  Biree,  Bigs 

Bigham,  Bigain,  Biggam,  Bigr>ra,  Biggcm,  Bi chains 

io' 

2 
2 

6 

3 
1 

9 

28 

68 
1 



26 
2 

9 
8 

1 

IS 

11 

1 

"'"1  .  . 

3 

2 
1 

17" 

S 

3 

i-> 

1 

2 

Bigsliy,  Blglx>a,  Bigbie,  Bigsbee,  BIgsbey,  Bigsbie 

7 
3 

....!.... 

7 
3 

8 

9 
3 

52 

I 

Bill  Bills                                                                             

5 
4 

14 

••j-l    1 

.... 

Billings,  Billing,  Billins 

In 

1 

Billups,  Biliips,  Billop,  Blllops 

Bingham ,  Bi ngam 

Bird,  Hiird,  Byrd 

•j- 

17 

1 

12 

1 

'  rr.  '    1  '  in 

,   s  ,   t  ,1: 

'  K. 
20 

r, 

IJ! 

I 

28 

Birdsall.  Blrdscll •.•■-,;••.: 

Bisliro,  BcslK*,  BIsbc,  Blsbcy,  Bisbie,  Bisbuy,  BUby,  Bysbe 

Bishop.  livshop • 

8 
11 

"7" 

5 
19 
6 

.'4    ■» 

5.5 
5.4 
5.7 
S.5 

'26' 

I 
2 

9 
3 

14  1  IS  |.... 

■5111 

Black  ...:...'.........' '....■.....■.■-■.■ 

8 

m..^ 

' 

1   IS          9 

Blackburn,  Blackl)om,  Blackbom,  Blackbarne 

Blackiaan.  Blackmon.  Blakeman 

.... 

S 

29  '    2     48'    9'    4  '....'....'  18      IS 

76292—09- 


-16 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


230  ^   ^^^ ^ 

r.  wTo^TT  ^  A  MFS  RFPRESBNTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
T.„..  lll.-NOMENCLATUR^E.DEAUNG^WITH^^  ...O^Jontinued^ 


Blackmore,  Blackamoor,  Blackamorc, 


Blackmar,  Blackmare,  Blackmer,  Blactanor,  Blacmore, 


BI?i'klrn?Bia''cSnerBVacksWeVBlac-kstons;m^^^^ 
Tjio,.i™,oii  Rlacwell.  Blacivill 


Blackwell!  Blacwell,  Blacivill 

Blades,  Blade ■-■ 

Blam.Blainej^Blane.Blean.^.^.^.^.^..^.^.^.^^^^^ 


^;  Blaisdeli;  Biaizdeli;  Bia^dai;  Bla^aie/Blakdeli;  Bi^dte,"Blij^ei,mki^i:  - . . 
T.'  Biecker,  Bieecker ' ' " 


Blair,  Blaer,  Blaher,  Blaire,  

illSiy=BLS;etl.-raf'y'BSey;Biackly;Biake.ee;Biakei^ 

Bl»£i^?  ■  Blackesley:  Biackslea;  Blaeksiee,'  iilackslvV  Btakeily 

EllnchlJd,  BtaS',  Blanchord,  Blanshard,  Blenchard 

Bland,  Blan,  Blann ■  ■  •  ■■■■■■■. 

Blankinship,  Blackenship,  Blankenship 
Blanks,  Blank.. 
Blanton,  Blantn 
Blasdel,  Blaisdel 

Blauvelt 

Bledsoe.  Bledso 

Bleeker.  Bleeher,  Biecker,  Bieecker, 

Blevin,  Eleven,  Blevlns,  Bllven,  Blivin 

Blin,  Blinn,  Blyn 

Bliss,  Blis v.;  ■ "  ■ ; 

Blodget,  Bladeet,  Blodgett,  Bloget 

Blood,  Blaad 

Bloom,  Bloome,  Blum 

Bloomer,  Blumer 

Blossom,  Blosom,  Blosson 

Blount,  Blunt - A,     "  V 

Blowers,  Blewer,  Bloore,  Blorer,  Bloyer 

BIT,  Blev,  Blies,  Bligh,  Blye 

Blvthe.  Blith,  Blithe,  Blyth i' ' "  J  ";• 

Boardman.  Boardsman,  Boordman,  Bordeman,  Bordman 

Boarnian,  Booman,  Boorman,  Boreman,  Borman 

Bolihit,  Bohart,  Bobbet,  Bobbett,  Bobbitt ; ; ; 

Boch ford,  Botchford V.V..\V..V..-. ■■-■■■■■■ 

Bodine 

Bogardus,  Bogardas 

Boeert,  Bogard,  Bogart,  Boggard 

Boggs,  Bogg,  Bogges,  Boggess,  Bogs,  Bogse v; "  w„ ■„„Vr; 

lalrs^^r^ofe!'S^iii^!'S;i:;^s^ 

iSS±?Bo^S^'S.^?SISl^.»S^;iSBow,an;B„w^^ 

len,  Bowlin,  Bowline,  Bowling 

Bolt,  Bolls,  Boltz.  Boult 

Bolton,  BoKen.  Boltin 

Bond,  Bonde.  Bonds ''[ 

Bonner,  Bona,  'fionar,'  Boner,  Bonnars,'  Bonneau,  Bonnor,  Bowner 

Bonsall,  Bonsai,  Bonsel.  Bonsil,  Bonsill,  Bonsle. . 

Booker,  Bewker,  Boocher,  Bucher,  Buchers,  Bucker,  Buker 

Boon,  Boone,  Boons 

Boose,  Boos.  Booz,  Booze,  Bose 

Booth,  Boothe,  Booths "' 

Bordenffeoar°den,'Bordin,'  Bordine,  BoVding,"  Bordon,  Bourd'in 

Borum,  Boorham,  Boram,  Boran,  Boren,  Borin,  Borram 

Bosley,  Bossley,  Bozley • 

Boston!  Bosston,  Bostone ......... ; 

Bostwick.  Bawstick,  Bosteck,  Bostic,  Bostick,  Boswiek.    ....^.. 

Boswell,  Bossweil,  Bosweell,  Boswel,  Boswells,  BoswiU,  Bozwell,  Buzwell,  BuzwiU 

Bosworth,  Bozworth 


Botstord. 


Bottom,  Bottoms,  Bot t urn 

Botts.  Bote,  Bots,  Bott 

Boughton,  fiowten,  Bowton 

BouOTan"  Bausma^^oasni^n,  Boaztiiin;  Bodziii;  BoVsemaii,'  Boseman,  Bosiman,  Bosmaii: 
Bosserman.  Bozman 

Bouton.  Booten,  Boutain,  Bouten,  Boutton,  Butin 

Bovee,  Boovey,  Boovv,  Bouve,  Bouvy,  Bovey,  Bovie 

Bowden,  Bouden,  Bowdin,  Bowdoin,  Bowdon,  Bowdown 

Bowen  Boan,  Boen.  Bohan,  Boin,  Bowan,  Bowin,  Bowins 

Bowers,  Bauer,  Baughtr,  Ba\iher,  Bouer,  Boughar,  Bougher,  Bowa, Bowar, Bowars, Bower 

Bowie, 'Bo\iie.  Boy,  Buie,  Buoy,  Buye 

Bowker,  Banker,  Bawker.  Bouker i^  -  -  - : W\. 

Bowman,  Bau;;hman,  Bauhman,  Bauman,  Bawman,  Beauman,  Boaman,  Boeghman.Bogtiman, 
Bohman,  Boman,  Boughman,  Bouman 

Bowne,  Bown .  Bo\TOS 

Bowtell,  Boutell,  Boutels,  Boutle,  Bowdle 


5.5 
6.2 
6.8 
6.1 
7.4 
5.8 
5.5 

5.0 

5.4 

6.1 

5.2 

6.1 

4.2 

6.0 

5.4 

5.1 

5.3 

5.6 

5.8 

5.6 

5.9 

5.6 

6.6 

5.1 

5.4 

5.1 
5.7 
5.8 
5.7 
5  0 
5.7 
4.6 
5.0 
6.3 
6.9 
5.9 
5.3 
5.5 
6.4 
5.7 
6.4 

5.5 

4.9 

5.8 

5.9 

5.7 

5.5 

4.6 

5.2 

6.3 

5.5 

5.5 

5  9 

5.6 

6.1 

8.7 

5  2 

5.8 

4  9 

5.2 

6.9 

5.9 

4.6 

7.5 

5.4 

5.9 


45 

29 

48 

24 

24 
160 
273 

96 
26 
206 
36 
35 
27 
21 
84 
57 
30 
18 
18 
34 
185 
106 
105 
30 
25 
26 
99 
18 
21 
24 
107 
41 
25 
18 
17 
37 
71 
60 
33 
119 
16 


201 
150 
278 
122 
154 
765 
1,227 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


Box „ 

Boyce,  Boice,  Boies,  Bois,  Boyes,  Boys,  Boyse 

Boyd,  Bold,  Boyde,  Boyds 

Boyden,  Boiden,  Bovdin,  Boyton 

Boyer.  Bawver,  Bawvers.  Bowyer,  Beyers,  Buoyar... 

Bovkin,  Boyakin,  Bo'vekin,  Boyking 

Boyle.  Boil,  Boile,  Boiles,  Boils,  Boyl,  Boyles,  Boyls. 
Boynton,  Boyanton,  Boyenton,  Boyinton,  Boyonton. 
Bovt,  Bovte. 


Brackenridge,  Brackenridg,  Brackenrig,  Brakenidge,  Brakenridge,  Brakerldge,  Brakinredge, 

Breckenredge,  Breckinridge.  Brickinridge 

Bracket,  Brachet,  Brackett,  Braket 


5.6 
5.5 
6.4 
5.3 
5.7 
6.6 
6.0 
5.5 

5.9 
6.2 
6.5 
5.0 
5.8 
5.8 
5.4 
5.6 
5.9 
5.1 
6.4 
5.2 

5.9 
6.4 


25 

70 

223 

26 

68 

22 

113 

124 

22 

207 

17 

54 

28 

13 

26 

41 

106 

73 

79 

18 

28 

25 

46 

62 

32 
30 
19 
73 
278 
281 
49 
33 

284 
21 
30 
22 

156 

309 
52 

132 
26 
68 
95 
31 

27 
124 


385 
116 
,041 
160 
178 

86 
104 
373 
232 
129 

82 

87 
155 
915 
491 
480 

122 

110 

102 

466 
87 
99 
97 

505 

146 

100 
96 

100 

181 

308 

270 

179 

564 
86 

398 

98 

333 

1,099 

122 

309 

80 

479 

655 

98 

929 

84 

251 

144 

100 

110 

197 

417 

309 

390 

89 

101 

163 

201 

305 

148 
136 
103 
312 
1,316 
1,302 
246 
148 


32 


30 


37 


35.  1 

74   1 


15 


13 


16 


1,402 

109 

164 

89 

746 

1,498 
228 
602 
122 
276 
510 
129 

132 
548 


13 


19 


29 


15 


4   8 
4  1  25 


1 
4 

2  14 
6 
6 
12 
18  16 


12 


10  27 
1   4 


23 


15 


95 


34 


12 


52  16 


20 


6 
4 
5 
1 

12 
2 
6 

13 
S 

13 
1 
S 

10 

io 


1 
11 


IS 

4 

39 


Table  111. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  231 

-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  .STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Continued. 


Bradbury,  Bradberry,  Bradbery,  Bradsberrey,  Broadberry 

Brad  ford '.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.','.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'." 

Bradish 

Bradlpy,  Bradlee,  Bradly,  Braidly,  Breadly '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". 

Bradshaw,  Bradrhaw.  Bradsha,  Bradsher,  Bredshaw. , . 

Bradt,  liratt,  Br.dt mmil[\[l[[[ill['.[[[[][\' [ 

Bradv.  Brada,  Braddy,  Bradey,  Braidy,  Braydcy,  Braydy,  Breiady,  Bredyl!!... 

BraR'ion,  Bragdcn !.!!!!! 

BracK.  BraK 

Brainard.  Braincrd.  Branard,  Brannard,  Braynard,  Brenard 

Brake,  Broak,  Brot-k '.'..'..'.'.'.'. 

BraU-y,  Brailey,  Braily,  Bralv .'.'.'.'!!.".".*.'I!i !.'!!!.'!!][!! 

Bratnin,  Bracmin,  Braman,  liramcn,  Braumio,  Brayman,  Brcaman,  Brecmon,  Brenuii,  Bremen 

Branch 

Brand,  Brandt,  Brant 

Brandon,  Brandan,  Branden,  Brandin,  Brandun 

Branham,  Brambam,  Branan,  Branhan,  Branin,  Brannan,  Brannen,  Brannln,  Brannlon,  Bran- 

non,  Brannum,  Branon,  Branum 

Branson,  Branison,  Branizor,  Bransom,  Brcnson '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Brantley,  Brantly,  Brcntly 

Bran  ton 

Brashears,  Brashear,  Brasher,  Brasheres,  Brashets,  Brasshcr 

Erasure,  Eraser,  B rosier,  Brassure,  Brazer,  Brazier,  Brazor , 

Braswell,  Brasswell,  Braswi-l,  Bmswill,  Brazwell ]]' 

Bratton,  Braten,  Braton,  B ratten 

Brau,  Brausb,  Broiigh,  Brow 

Brawn,  Bran,  Braiin,  Bnniin,  Brawon,  Bron,  Brond 

Brawner,  Braner,  Branner,  Branor,  Brauner 

Bray 

Bray  ton 

Brazel,  Brasel,  Brasill,  BrasscU,  Brassil,  Brassill,  Brazcal,  Brazeel,  Brazell,  Brazil 

Breed ,  Bread 

Breeding,  Breding 

Brenneman,  Branaman,  Braniman,  Brannaman,  Brannamer,  Brenman,  Bronnemon,  Brincnnan, 

Bruneman .  Brnnoman 

Brenner,  Bregneer.  Breighner,  Breignu,  Breiner,  Breneer,  Brenegh,  Brcner,  Brennor 

Brent,  Breant,  Brend,  Brents,  Brint , 

Brcssae,  Bra.ssac 

Brevard,  Brevoort 

Brewer,  Brewah,  Brewer,  Brua,  Bruer,  Bruyer 

Brewster,  Brewstur,  Bronstcr,  Brusstar,  Bruster 

Brice,  Brise.  Brises,  Brvee 

Bricker,  Briekerl,  Brieket,  Brickett,  Brickhart,  Brigab,  Brigcr 

Bridges,  Bridge,  Briges 

Bridgman,  Bridgeman 

Brier,  Bry ar,  Bryer,  Bryers 

Briggs,  Bregs,  Br igg,  Brigs 

Brigham 

Bright,  Breight,  Brite 

Brightman 

Brine k.  Brink,  Brinks 

BrinekerhofI,  Brenkenkoof,  Brinckershofl,  Bringolf,  Brinkenhool,  Brinkerhoff 

Brinkley,  Brinklee,  BrinkJy 

Brinson,  Brinsen 

Briscoe,  Bisco,  Biscoe,  Biscow,  Brisco 

Brison,  Brieen,  Brisen,  Brj'son 

Bristol ,  Bristdle,  B ristoU 

Bristow,  Brislcr,  Bristo,  Bristoe,  Bristor 

Britt,  Brit,  Britts,  Britz 

Britton,  Britain,  Brition,  Briton,  Brittain,  Brittan,  Britten,  Brittn 

Broad.  Brod,  Brode 

Brock.  Broch,  Brookes,  Bro<ks,  Brokes,  Broks 

Brockman,  Brechman,  Brtckman,  Broakman,  Brookman 

Brockway,  Brockaway,  Brockwey ■ 

Brookins.  Brookin,  Brooking,  Brookings 

Brooks.  Broock,  Brook,  Brooke,  Brookes ■ 

Broom.  Broara,  Broham.  Broms,  Broome,  Brume • 

Brothers,  Brot her,  Bruthers •  • 

Broughton,  Brauthton,  Brawton,  Braten,  Brotin,  Brotton,  Brougton,  Brouton,  Broyhton 

Bro wer,  Brauer,  B rougher 

Brown.  Bronn,  Brooiis,  Broun,  Broune,  Browne,  Browns 

Brownell.  Bronell,  Brownall,  Brownel,  Brownill ■ 

Browning,  Brownin ■ 

Brownilev,  Brounlev.  Brownlee.  Brownlie ■ 

Brownso'n,  Bronsan.  Bronson.  Hronslon.  Brounson,  Brounson.  lirunson 

Bru  baker,  Brewbaker,  Broobeaker,  Browbaker,  Brubacher,  Bnibacker,  Bruboker 

Bnice,  Bnise - 

Brumlev.  Bramblv,  Bramly,  Brombly,  Bromley,  Bromly,  Broomly,  Brumiy 

Bnimlage,  Brundfge 

Bruner,  Bronaugh,  Brooner,  Brunner 

Brush 

Bryan,  Brian.  Brien,  Brlene,  Brlon,  Brlons,  Bryen,  Bryn,  Brj'on 

Bryant.  Briand.  Brlant,  Brient.  Brvand.  Bryent ,;••  V V,' '  u 

Buchanan,  Baehanan.  Bochanon.  Bucannon.  Buecannon,  Bucchannon,  Buchanen.  nuchannan, 

Bucliannen.  Bneliannon.  Bnelianon.  Buckanan,  Buekannan,  Buekanon,  Buckhanan,  Buck- 

hanen,  Buckhannan,  Buckhannon,  Buckhanon 

Buckingham."  Becking'hani,'  ■Birkingham,  Biickeiiham,'  Buckhlngham,  Buckinham,  BukJngham. 

Buckley .  Bin  liley,  Buckly,  Bukley 

Bilcklin,  Buikland 

Buckm an.  B irkraan 

Buckner,  Beckner,  Buckners,  Bucknor ■ 

Budd.  Bud 

Buell.  Bewel,  Bewell,  Buel 


&S 
S.3 

5l5 
i.3 
6.3 
«.2 
S.O 
S.4 
6.6 
6.0 
5.7 
S.7 
6.2 
i.6 
S.8 

6.3 
4.S 
S.2 
5.8 
5.6 
6.3 
5.4 
6.0 
6.2 
6.  A 
5.5 
6.0 
6.5 
5.7 
6.0 
6.3 

6.1 
5.2 
S.6 
6.4 
5.3 
6.7 
6.0 
5.5 
5.7 
5.7 
6.4 
5.4 
5.7 
6.0 
5.1 
5.1 
5.7 
5.7 
4.3 
5.1 
5.6 
5.9 
5.5 
4.9 
5.4 
5.4 
6.6 
5.7 
6.1 
5.8 
5.0 
5.5 
6.8 
5.1 
5.4 
6.4 
5.7 
6.3 
6.0 
6.2 
5.6 
6.1 
5.2 
5.1 
5.4 
5.3 
6.2 


67 
191 
20 
440 
79 
W 
88 
37 
65 
94 
20 
20 
34 
68 
09 


27 
27 
38 
18 
23 

217 

142 
43 
33 

152 
17 
19 

439 

U.'i 

lOO 
35 
37 
32 
58 
24 
49 
43 
67 
33 
62 

113 
16 
96 
20 
60 
20 

586 
27 
42 
42 
63 
3,358 
69 
80 
34 

1.10 
42 

138 
38 
4S 


343 
861 
86 
1,981 
343 
264 
370 
149 
287 
628 
99 
94 
161 
361 
300 
181 

2S1 

99 
167 

87 
178 
122 

97 
214 
120 
117 
118 
356 
169 
137 
240 

95 

139 

112 

174 

98 

98 

1,027 

710 

195 

155 

712 

91 

83 

2,0fi8 

579 

408 

142 

174 

ISO 

192 

98 

223 

212 

301 

130 

272 

494 

90 

447 

101 

286 

104 

2.039 

156 

173 

183 

340 

15,S27 

3<-« 

402 

176  , 

687  I 

213 

580 

154 


8KAD8  or  rAMIUES. 


121 

i"6 
14 
6 


I 


112  ;292 


5.2 
5.3 

L-... 

...v, 

5.8 

126 

599 

5.3 

IM 

839  i 

5.3 

59 

256 

6.9 

101 

493  1 

1.8 

39 

226 

6.2 

61 

316 

6.1 

23 

96 

A.8I 

34 

162 

6.1 

98 

503  . 

27 


29 


29 


.1  11 


1 

8  I  7 


22 


^ 

t 

ir 

» 

9 

i 

& 

1 

5 

7 

14 

18 

27 

9 

12 

10 


27 


.  21 
1 
10 


6 
3 
3 
7 
429 


1 

i:i 

6 

17 

3 

8 

2 

16 

7 

o 
36 

11 

1 

4 

.... 

1 

8 

in 

31 

18 

7 

1 

10 

2 

S 

2 

II  I  21  4 

1  I  1  '... 

SO   19  101 

40  66 


20 

3 

1 

16 

S 

B 

3 

.... 

a 

I 

.... 

1 

I 
1< 


40 
8 


I 
3 
S 

10 

a 

7 
1 

"i 
I 


13 
1 


2« 
4 
3 
7 
I 
313 


3 
1 

17 
33 


U 


232 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


Table  111  -NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


a 

g 

M 
ID 

1 
< 

TOTAL. 

HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 

NAME. 

1 

o 

2 

M 

s 
a 

o 

< 

o 

a 

g 

3 

i 

a 

a 
0 

i 
> 

•g 
a 

1 

-a 
0 

3 

1 

5 

2 

"5 

> 

a 
p 

& 

T3 

a 

03 

a 

3 

'bit 

> 

1 
0 

ja 

z 

2 

6.5 
6.3 
6.7 
5.6 

41 
30 
61 
39 

120 
97 
26 

129 

27 
43 
51 
43 
100 
26 

69 

49 
77 
128 

60 
72 
28 
120 
24 
27 

225 
19 

39 
160 
64 

58 
59 
62 
23 

109 
23 

260 

276 
22 
163 
105 
33 

233 

172 
26 

213 
51 

234 
80 
21 
35 
22 

550 
16 

120 
88 
62 
59 
33 
29 

106 
17 
24 
31 

53 
21 
46 

104 
60 

161 
30 

265 
30 
29 
70 
99 
62 
34 
22 
20 
29 
85 

137 

226 
158 
348 
181 
590 
453 
134 
598 

103 
190 
201 
194 
480 
123 

309 
200 
364 
577 

254 
355 
133 
558 
101 
116 

1,095 
90 

216 
647 
283 

292 
302 
330 
94 
596 
101 
1,208 

1,186 
83 
761 
486 
162 

1,182 
864 
144 
907 
272 

1,041 

389 

94 

176 

114 

2,503 
86 
539 
462 
273 
254 
176 
129 

546 
92 
99 

119 

208 
116 
206 
526 
276 
674 
134 
1,200 
125 
135 
323 
443 
236 
176 
90 
80 
110 
384 
651 

15 
6 

10 
3 
6 

57 
5 

34 

"s" 
"3' 

"s 

1 

1 

22 

32 

36 

6 

2 

1 

2 

14 

1 

6 

0 

5 

1 

9 
2 
2 

1 
10 

'io' 
3 
2 

7 

16 
2 

30 
1 
2 

12 

5.1 
5.7 
6.2 
5.6 

4.8 
5.4 
4.9 
5.5 
5.8 
5.7 

5.5 
5.1 
5.7 
6.5 

5.2 
5.9 
5.8 
5.6 
5.2 
5.3 

5.9 
5.7 

7.1 
5.0 
5.4 

6.0 
6.1 
6.3 
5.1 
6.5 
5.4 
5.7 

5.3 
4.8 
5.7 
5.5 
5.9 

6.1 
6.0 
6.5 
5.3 
6.3 
5.4 
5.9 
5.5 
6.0 
6.2 
5.6 
6.4 
5.5 
6.2 
5.5 
5.3 
0.3 
5.4 

6.2 
6.4 
5.1 
4.8 

4.9 
6.5 
5.5 
6.1 
6.6 
5.2 
6.5 
5.6 
5.2 
5.7 
5.6 
5.5 
5.5 
6.2 
5.1 
5.0 
4.8 
5.5 
5.8 

6 

14 

1 
4 
2 
16 

8 
2 

8 
15 

4 
28 

5 
5 
22 
22 
1 
10 

1 
12 

f, 

'3' 

8 

"e 

T 

1 
6 

9 

5 
4 

5 

m 

Biimgarner,  BamRartner,  Bombgardner,  Bomgarner,  Bonggarner,  Bumbgardner,  Bumgamer, 

6 

3 

24 
1 
1 

33 

1 

12 

.... 

.... 

1 
17 
5 

1 

36 

2 
9 
9 
31 
7 

4 

5 

5 

44 

2 

8 

1 

31 

2 

"io' 

4 
21 

1 
.... 

1 

2 
3 

6 

20 

1 
1 

3 
3 

.... 

1 
3 

1 

Bunnel,  Baneil,  Banil,  Betiei.Bonell,  Bonnel,  Bonnell,  Bunel,  Bunell,  Buuijl,  Bunnell,  Bunnels, 

3 

'io' 

1 
3 

24 

1 

3 

Burtiank"    Piirt^mirV,  Rnrl.anl.-s                                                                                                               .            

6 
11 

2 

29 
2 

17 

29 

16 

9 

'is' 
"ei' 

3 
6 

17 

"3' 

14 

9 

9 
2 

25 
11 
"2 

8 

3 

4 
4 
1 
9 
1 

29 

20 

5 

4 

.... 

6 

7 

29 

Burchard,  Birchard,  Birchliead,  Birchird,  Birrchard,  Burchart,  Burchet,  Burchhead,  Burchid, 

10 

1 

3' 

Burdifk  Birdich,  Burdack,  Burdee,  Burdeck,  Burdii^t                                         

1 

8 

1 

2 

13 
11 

22 
34 
19 

55 
6 

1 

40 
2 

'26' 
9 

6 

2 

2 
3 

6 
50 

10 

7 

16 
1 

21 
4 

BurRess,  Berges,  Burgas,  Burgase,  Burgass,  Burgees,  Burges,  Burghes,  Burghess,  Burgis,  Bur- 

Bureh,  Berg,  Bergh,  Burg,  Burgiie                                              .             

1 

Bur'ghardt,  Birkhart,  Buchert,  Buckhart,  Bughart,  Burchert.  Burckhart,  Burghart,  Burgort, 

2 
5 

10 
9 

1 
21 
6 

4 
17 
10 

Burk,  Berck,  Berk,  Berks,  Birk.  Birke,  Birks,  Bourk,  Burck,  Biuke,  Burkes,  Burks 

3 

13 

2 

2 
1 

5 

4 

14 
7 

ll 

Burket,  Berkit,  Birquit,  Burckett,  Burget.  Burglt,  Burgot,  Burkett,  Burkit,  Burkltt,  Burkout. . 

8 
3 

Burkholder,  Buchwalter,  Buckhalte,  Bucklialter,  Buckholter,  Buckolter,  Buckwalter,  Burch- 
holder,  Burkalter,  Burkolder 

1 

36 
1 
3 

"3 

7 
10 

2 
4 
8 
11 

'46' 
"i' 

6 

4 
4 
4 

6 
10 

1 
18 

2 
11 

45 

1 

1 

Burnap 

Burnett,  Bernet,  Bernett,  Bernitt,  Bernot,  Bumet,  Bumit,  Bumitt,  Byrnett 

8 
7 

69 

5 
1 

4 

29 

26 
"2 
13 

19 

7 
8 

38 

7 
4 

1 

32 

2 
27 

6 

"2 

8 

50 

13 
9 
1 
7 

22 

4 

"3' 
4 

5 

12 
16 

76 

16 
13 
29 
39 

3 

59 
8 

Burns,  Beam,  Bearnes,  Bern,  Berns,  Burhans,  Burn,  Burne,  Burnes,  Byrn,  Byrne,  Byrnes, 
Byms 

Burpee,  Burpe,  Burpey,  Burpy 

BmT,BuT,Burs 

11 
2 

95 
IS 
25 

29 
6 

18 
7 

1 

31 
13 
26 
11 

2 
00 

3 
15 

2 

1 
6 
2 

21 

7 

2 

1 

1 

Burrell,  Buril,  Burral,  Burrall,  Biurel,  Burril,  Burrill,  Burroll,  Burwell 

1 

9 

3 

Burrit,  Burret,  Burrett,  Burritt 

Burrows,  Borough,  Boroughs,  Borow,  Borroughs,  Bouroughs,  Buress,  Buro,  Burows,  Burras, 
Burrass,  Burres,  Burrice,  Burris,  Bxnriss,  Bxurough,  Burroughs,  Burrous,  Burrow,  Burrowes, 

5 

14 
8 

19 
86 

8 

1 

30 

4 

24 
8 

27 

18 

13 

S 

Burt,  Bert,  Berttes,  Birt,  Burts,  Burttes,  Burtz 

Burtis,  Burtiss 

Burton,  Berton,  Birton,  Burten,  Burtin 

7 

6 

15 

12 
1 

36 
5 

5 
"2' 

U 

1 

21 

65 

10 

9 

34 

16 
2 
10 

78 

5 

39 

26 
18 
10 
1 

16 
13 
13 

Busby,  Bushee,  Busbey,  Busbie,  Bushbee,  Bushby,  Buzbie,  Buzby 

Bush,  Bouche,  Boush 

1 

8 
6 

Bushnell,  Bishnel,  Bushnal,  Bushneel,  Bushnel,  BushnoU,  Bushnul 

Buskirk 

6 
1 
8 
45 

Bussey,  Buscv,  Busie,  Busse,  Bussy,  Busy 

6 

3 

1 

10 
3 
38 

3 

8 
54 

2 
2 
65 

7 

1 

39 

Butcher,  Butchers 

Butler,  Butlar,  Butlers,  Butlor,  Buttler 

31 

29 

24 
1 
6 

12 
5 
2 

86 
14 
12 
27 

6 
19 

1 

6 
1 
5 

87 

46 

Butraan,  Buleman,  Buttman 

Butt,  But,  Buts,  Butts,  Buttz,  Butz 

1 
11 

"e' 

'32' 
1 
5 

9 

14 
6 
4 
2 

11 

■3' 
1 

11 

13 
1 
6 
3 
9 
2 

5 

33 

15 

2 

Butterfleld,  Buterfld 

Button,  Boton,  Botton,  Bottons,  Butten,  Buttons.. 

12 
6 

16 
6 

"4' 
6 
4 

5 

6 
2 
2 

2 

7 

4 
3 

Buxton,  Buckstone 

Buzzard,  Bazzard,  Bozard,  Busard,  Busert,  Bussard,  Buzard. 

Buzzell,  Bussel,  Bussell,  Bussells,  Buzzel 

s 

13 

Byers,  Bayeaux,  Bayeux,  Beya,  Beyea,  Beyer,  Bevor,  Beyres,  Biars,  Bias,  Bierr,  Biers,  Bior, 
Buyer,  Buyers,  Buyhe,  Byar,  Byars,  Byas,  Byass,  Byer,  Byrar,  Byre,  Byres,  Byrs,  Byuers  . . 

1 

2 

2 
12 

10 
5 

65 

9 

Bynum,  Bainum,  Banuni,  Binom,  Binimi,  Bynam,  Bynbame 

1 
4 

1 

10 

1 
2 

5 

5 
5 

12 

14 
11 

3 

3 

Byram,  Biram,  Birem,  Byrom,  Byrum... 

5 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

7 
■■;;■ 

1 

7 
21 

Cable,  Cabel,  Cabell,  Cables 

17 
97 

.... 

Cadwallader,  Cadwalader,  Cadwaleder,  Cadwalider,  Cadwaliter 

Cad  well,  Cadwel 



Cady,  Cadey 

Cahoon,  Cahoone,  Cahown,  Cohoon,  Cohoun.Cohown 

"i' 

14 

1 
1 

1 

6 
3 

1 

23 

1 

13 

14 

6 

3 

26 

1 

2 

4 

5 

13 

15 

5 

"7' 

33 

1 
6 

29 
7 

16 
1 

27 
1 

"9' 
23 

7 
80 
7 
2 
18 
1 
4 
5 

"7' 

15 
19 

"i9' 
2 
10 
3 
5 
5 
1 

'3' 
1 

2 
3 

1 
1 

"'2' 
19 
2 
21 

7 

■  1 

1 

'ii 
33 

8 
18 
9 
2 
14 

'i 

24 

6 

Cain,  Caine,  Calnes,  Cains,  Cane,  Kaign,  Kain,  Kane 

Calahan  C^alilian, Callahan  CallohaiiCallichan, CalUhan, Cailyhan,  Kalahan, kailahan,  Keliyhan. 
Caldwell,  Caldwall,  Calhvoll,  Calwell,Coldwcll,Cohvell,Cohvill  Culdwell                              J'"""- 

20- 

6 

12 

8 
1 

36 

Calo,  Call,  Cales,  Caols,  Cayle,  Kalil,  Kail,  Kails.  Kale                                                              

Calf,  Calfe 

Calhoon,  Calhoone,  Calhoun,  Coihoon.'colquhooTi,'  Coiiihoun,'  Cullioun 

i6 

i 

"a 
34 

"4' 
42 

3 

2 

3 

1 

3 
17 

6 

"ie 

Calkins  Calkin,  Caukins,  Caulkins,  Colking,  Colkins,  Corkin,  Corkings,  Corkins .'.'.'.'.'... 

"7" 

3 
9 

13 
8 
3 

Callendcr,  Calender,  Callander,  Calender,  Coliender,Coilinder..' .'.".'.' .'!.'." 

"i' 

"'i' 

2 
2 

'ie' 
4 
9 

12 

6 
2 
1 
1 
4 
24 
5 

Callis,  Calls". ..'.V.]'.'.'.'] 

2 

8 

2 

Calvert,  Calvit,  Colvert 

Cameron,  Cameran,  Camerion,  Cammeron,  "CamoranVcaniron 

.... 
2 

7 

.... 

7 

.... 

77 

8 
16 

Camp,  Camps,  Kamp '                                        

GENERAL  TABLES:.  233 

Taim,.;  1  U.-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS   IJY  ST\TES 

AND  TERRITORIES.  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Continucd. 


Campbell,  Cambel,  Camhpll,  Camhill,  Camblo,  Cambol,  Camhpell,  Cambplo,  Campl,  Canipll 
Caiiiil,  Camniall,  Cammd  Caminell,  Cainpljol,  Cariiplx-lls,  <^Bmpl>ols,  Campblll,  Caropblc! 
Cain|)ol.  tampt'll,  CaiTiplo,  Camppoll,  Compbell,  Keiml,  Komiml,  Kcmmfll 

Candic.  Canda,  Cande,  Cajidy 

CaiUi>lci,Cai)tfleld '.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Cannli'.Caney.Canney,  Canny,  Can  toy,  Canty 

Cannon,  Cannan,  Cannon,  Canntnc,  Canon,  Kannon 

Cantrcl,  Cantral,  Cantrall,  Cantrell,  Can  trll.  Can  trill !!.....!!.!.!!.!.'.'.'.! 

Capon,  Capin,  Capon '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Capps,  Cap,  Capp, Caps,  Kapp,  Kappes '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Capron,  Capran ". 

Card  


CarKill,  CarKal,  Careel,  CafEell,  Cargil 

Carl,  Carlo,  Carll,  Carls,  Corl 

Carlisl>',Carlilo,  Carlilos,  Carlllse,  Carlyle,  CaisUle,  Corllle ....!!..."."!.'!!.'! 

Carlton,  Carlo  ton,  Carlston '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Carman,  Carmoan,  Carir.lno,  Carmon,  Carrniand,  Connan,  Cornion. !.!!]]!]  ]]""" 
Cannlohacl.  Cannloal,  Carnilclial,  Carmicheal,  Camiiohol,  Connichael,  kcrnilchacl. 

Camahan.  Carnachan,  Camahen,  Camahon,  Carnehon,  Kamahan 

Carnos,  Cairns.  Carn,  Came,  Cams,  Kahn.  Kairns,  Kames,  Kams !...!!! 

Camoy,  Camay,  Cami,  Camy,  Kearney,  Kemey,  Kemy,  Kimy " 

Cari)onter,  Carpender,  Carpenter,  Carpinder,  Carpinter.' 

Carr.  Car, Cars,  Corr,  Kar,  Karr,  Kehr,  Ker,  Kerr,  Kerrs,  Kierr,  Korr 

Carraway ,  Caraway,  Carriway ,  Carroway ,  Corroway 

Carrier,  Carier,  Carriere ' ' 

CarrinK'ton.  Carincton.  Charincton,  CharrinRton,  Corrincton. 


5.5 
7.1 
0.5 
4.S 

8.8 
5.5 
6.0 
5.5 
0.5 
S.8 
7.1 
6.0 
5.4 


Carrol.  Caril,  Carol.  Carnll.  Carrel,  Carroll,  Carriel,  Carril,  Carrill,  Carriot,  Carrold,  Carrole,  C»i^ 
roll.  Carryl,  Caryl,  Corrcl,  Correll,  Corril,  Corrill,  Karcll,  Kerril,  Kerrol 

Camilhers,  Caritliers,  Carothers,  Canitbers,  Corithers,  Correthers,Corruthers,Conitbers,Cruth- 
crs,  Ctirrathers,  Currethers 

Carson ,  Carsen 

Cars  well , 


Carter,  Carters,  Carter 

CartMTicht,  Cartrieht,  Carttlirite,  Cortright,  Cortwright,  Curtrlght,  Kortrigbt,  Kortwright . . 

Carty.  Canoe,  Cartey,Carli6 

Cani'th,  Carroth,  Camith 

Carver,  Carrver,  Carvar 

Carv,Cairry,Cairy,  Carey,  Carle 

Case 

Casey,  Caisev,  Cassee,  Cassey,  Casy,  Caycey,  Cavde 

Cash 

Cason.Caison,  Casaun,  Cassin,  Casson,  Chasin,  Chason,  Kason,  Kaasan,  Kasson 

Caiss,  Kass 

Cassadv,  Casaty,  Cashaday,  Cashady,  Cashiday,  Casity,  Cossaday,  Cassaty,  Cassdy,  Cassidsy, 

Cassidy,  Ca.-isity 

Caster,  Casteers,  Casters,  Castor,  Raster 

Ca!<ile,  Casiell,  Casle,  Cassel,  Cassell,  Cassells,  Cassels,  Castel,  Castell,  Caslells,  Castles,  CastuI, 


5.0 

5.0, 

«.2 

5.« 

S.1 

6.1 

5.1 

5.3 

6.7 

5.3 

5.6 

5.7 

Kassel. 


Caswell .  Casswell,  Castwell 

Cate.  (ales,  Kate,  Kates 

Calhey.Cathery,  Cathy 

Catlin.Catline,  Catling,  Cattlen,  Katlin. 
Calo,  Caloe. 


Caton,  Caeton,  Caiton,  Caten, Catton,  Katon,  Keigten 

Canley,  Caiilley ,  Cawley .  Cawlley ,  Corley,  Cowlej- 

Cavorly,  Cal verier.  Cavarlv 

Chadl.biirae,Chadhom,C&adboun,Chadboum,  Chad  Bourn,  Chadbum 

Chad  wick.  Chadewick 

ChalToe.Chafoe,  Chafov.ClialTo.Chafley,  Chaflv 

Challin,  Chafen,Ch3fTon,C)i;iirind,  Chaffing,  Chafin 

Chains.  Challice,Chp|lo.s.Chollis 

Chanil.erliiin,  Chain.ljerlin.  Chamberlaine,  Chaml>erlan.rh3mherlane.Chamberla>-n,  Chamber- 

lavne,  Chamherlon,  Chainborlin,  Chamljerline,  Chaml)erlinB,  Chcamhcrlain,  Chcaraljerlin 

Cham  I  lors,  Chaimbers,  Chamber 

Champion 

Champlln 

Chance.. 


Chancy,  Chanoey.  Chanchey,  Chansoy,  Chansy. 

Chan. Tier,  Chaniilor,  Clianler,  Chanlor 

Chanov,  Chainey,  Chany 

Chapiii,  Chapen,  Chapins 

Chaplin,  Chaplain,  Chapline 

Chapman. 


Char'T'ol,  Chapel,  Chapell,  Chaple,  Chaples,  Chappele,  Chappell,  Cbapplll,  Chappie. 

Charles;.  Charls 

Charlton.  Charleton,Charlten,Chartlon,Charton 

Chase.  Chare,  Chaise 

Chatnold,Chattrield ■„•••.■ 

Cheatham,  Chatham,  Chattam,  Cbattom,  Chlttam,  Chittem,  Chittim 

Chock. 


Cheesboroiigh,  Cheesbrouch,  Cheesebrough 

Chcocman,  Cheasman,  Checsman •  •  ■ ••■ - •  • ~  •  •  • 

Cheney,  Cheaney,  Chcany,  Ctaeene,  Chccncy,  Cheeny,  Chence,  Chenney,  Chenny,  Cheny,  Chey- 

nev,  Chincy,  Chinnoy 

Cherry,  Chcr'roy,  Chen- „■.:••  \i:     ■  ^\:  "  ■"  V^CUl.' '.' 

Cheshire,  chesor,  Cheshure,  Chosser,  Chesshar,  Chessheir,  Chesshire,  Chessire,  Chessur 

Ches:       -     ■ 


Chcsniit,  Cbesnet,  Chesnult,  Chestnut 

Chester 

Chcvcr,  Chaver,  Cheaver,  Cheever,  Cheevers,  Chevera. 
Chew . 


Chick,  Chock ■--„•, 

Chileoat,  ChilcoaU!,  Chilcot,  Chilcote,  Chilcott,  Chillcoat,  Chlllcnt  . . . 
Childress,  Cbeldres,  Cheldress,  ChUders,  Childres,  Childnes,  CluMris. 


5.4 

6.3 

5.9 
5.1 
4.4 
6.7 
6.3 
6.1 
5.3 
5.6 
6.4 
6.0 
5.3 
6.1 
5l4 
5.1 

£l6 
5l4 

S.7 
6.0 
5.3 
4.8 
6.0 
6.4 
6.0 
5.0 
5.7 
5.4 
5.3 
4.7 
5.8 


778  |3, 
16 

eo 

22 

148 

23 

43 

98 

36 

62 

10 

59 

72 
121 

K2 

3ii 

111 

69 

46 
544 
494 

35 

32 

50 


236 

72 
121 

20 

esi 

107 
23 
Hi 


1.026 

340 
525 
92 

3,  aw 

472 
97 
91 


190 

56 
22 
599 


.IS 

30 

n.  1 

48 

5.1 

28  , 

7.0 

» 

5.7 

23  ' 

5.< 

132  1 

5.5 

90  ' 

5.3 

26 

6.1 

29 

4.4 

29 

5.3 

30 

5.1 

S3 

6.0 

21 

6.7 

18 

5.2 

24 

4.6 

71 

iiKAbs  or  WAUiias. 


633  22 

97  .... 
377  '  I 


6RI 
IM  ' 
213  I 
439 
199  ' 
295  i 
97 
271 
318  I 
594  I 

448 ; 

IIX) 
90  ' 
276 
186 
H17 
2.W 
144 
1.12 
204 


23 


3.S 

V'O 

72 

351 

37 

205 

30 

158 

30 

IGO 

116 

.Wl 

76 

311 

74 

252 

21 

119 

59 

313 

17 

86 

27 

lin 

47 

217 

19 

103 

32 

lOl 

1   »7 

415 

1   64 

328 

39 

170 

21 

87 

324 

1,501 

201 

884 

43 

204 

82 

413 

24 

103 

23 

88 

317 

1.588 

32 

172 

172 

863 

51 

202 
*»  ino 

I    8 


K  'I 


=  , 


si 
1  1 


32 


I    . 


30 


...  9 
3  .... 
2  '.... 


14     12 
2     43 


64     76 

3  I    6 


109 


306 


at 


10 


33 


74  'I4S 

1 


lU  1  T* 

6 


14  I  10 
6       3 


137     34 

...      1 

2  

3  6 

37  I  47 


36  I  7 
61  4 
17  I 
34     37    122 

16  I    8  1    3 
•      8      3 


2     12  ' 
8     I» 
12    IM 
2  I    4 


43 

28 

82  . 

2 

,  7 

11 

108  . 

'  4 

3 

16  . 

32 

1 

17 

2 

54 

1 

1 

27 
1 

9   174 
11     63 

...     2 
'    1 


0    .... 


2  I    9 

...  10 
10-  9 
4       9 


4 

24 
10 


37  I 


>2  i 
18  I 
33  I 

29  '. 


23 

28  I 
2 
117 

l\ 
16 

7 
10 
16 

6  ' 
18  1 


II    ! 

6 
26  ■  22 


10  I 
3  ' 


III 

171 

111 

107 

1 

601 

407 

2 

20 

I 

13  j 

46 


li 


1.'     I 

1  I 


101 


iO      22 


2 
21 


1 
2 

"3 
3 
9 

13 


6        S 
10  .      1 

...I  la 


M. 


1 
4 

37 

3 


51       I 


234 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


Taui.e  111.— nomenclature,  dealing  with  names  represented  by  at  least  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Childs,  Child,  Childps,  Chiles. 
Chilton,  Chelton,  ChiUeton. .. 
Chipman. 


ChisoLm,  Cheseham,  Chesham,  Cheshlom,  Chesholm,  Chisham,  Chisholm,  Chism,  Chisom,  Chis- 
sum,  Chisum 

Chittenden,  Chitendon,  Chittendon,  Chittenten,  Chittenton,  Chittington 

Choate,  Choat,  Chote 

Christian,  Christain,  Christein,  Christen,  Christians,  Christiansc,  Crestian,  Crestianse,  Cristian, 
Cristine. 


Christie,  Christee,  Christey,  Christy,  Criste,  Cristee,  Cristie,  Cristy . 

Christopher,  Christifor,  Christophers,  Cristopher 

Church . 


Churchill,  Churchcl,  Churchell,  Churchhill 

CiUey,  Celley,  Celly,  Cilly,  Selley,  Sillea,  Silley,  Silly,  Sily 

Cisscll,  Cecil,  Cecill,  Cissel,  Cissii,  Cissill,  Coecil,  Sissel,  Sissell,  Sissol. 

Claflin,  Cleffland 

Clagett,  elegit 

Clap,  Clapp,  Klapp 

Clardy. 


Clark,  Clarck,  Clarke,  Clarkes,  Clarks,  Cleark,  Clerk,  Clerke 

Clarkson,  Clackson,  Clarkston,  Clarkton 

Clary,  Clarey,  Cleary,  Cleery 

Ciawson,  Clausen,  C'lauson,  Clossen,  Closson 

Clay,  Clays 

Claypole,  Claj-pool,  Claypoole 

Clayton,  Clatbn,  Claytons,  Cleaton,  Cleton,  Cleyton 

Cleaver,  Clever 

Cleaves,  Claves,  Cleavs,  Cleeves,  Cleves 

Cleland,  Clayland,  Clealand,  Cleelan,  Cleeland,  Clolon,  Cleyland 

Clements,  Ciemence,  Clemens,  Clement,  Clementz,  Clemings,  Clemins,  Clemmans,  Clemmence, 

CIcmmens,  Clemment,  Clemments,  Clemniings,  Clcmmins,  Clemmon,  Clemmons,  Clemen, 

,     Clemonds,  Clemons,  Clemont,  Clemonts 

Clendenin,  Clandennen,  Clandenning,  Clendenan,  Clendenen,  Clendening,  Clendennan,  Clen- 
dennin,  Clendinan,  Clendinen,  Clendinnen,  Clindenon,  Clindinin,  Clyndimiin 

Cleveland,  Clavland,  Cleaveland,  Cleavland,  Cleeveland,  Clevland 

Clifford,  Clellord,  Cleford,  Cliford 

Chft,  Cleft,  Clifl 

Clifton,  Cliflton 

■  Climer,  dimmer,  Clymer,  Klimer 

Cline,  Clein,  Clyn,  Clyne,  Klein,  Klien,  Kline,  Klyn,  Klyne ! 

Clinton,  Clentan,  Clenton,  Clindon 

Close,  Clothes,  Clowes,  Clowse,  Klose,  Klosz 

Cloud. 


Clough.Clow 

Clute '..'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Coats,  Coat,  Coates,  Cotes 

Cobl),  Cob,  Cobbs,  Cobs,  Kob,  Kobb,  Kolb 

Coble,  Cobble,  Cobill "l[\[\\'.'.'.['.]\'. 

Cobum,  Cobcrn,  Coborn,  Cobourn,  Coboume,  Coburas '."'.'.'.'. 

Cochran,  Cochrin,  Cochron,  Cockerin,  Cockeron,  Cockran,  Cockrane,  Cockrin,  Cockron,  Cocran, 
Cokron 


Cock,  Cocke,  Cocks,  Coks,  Koch,  Kock 

Cockrell,  Cocheril,  Cochrell,  Cockaril!,  Cockerill,  Cockral,  Cockril,  Cockroli. 
Coe,  Co  . 


Coffee,  Cotfe,  Coffey,  Cofly.Corfey 

Coflield,  Cofield  ..'. '.[.'.'.\\"'.['.\\]'.\\]]] 

Coffin,  Coffen,  Coffins .' . " 

Coggin,  Coggen,  Coggins 

Cogswell,  Coggeshal,  Coggeshall,  Coggshall,  Coggswell,  Coggwell,  Cogliil'l,  Cogshall,  "coEshelU 

Cogswill,  Cogwell,  CogwiU ' 

Cohen,  Cohan,  Coheen,  Cohn,  Cohon,  Cohone,  Cohorn,  Cohun,  Koens  Koghen ' 

Coil,  Coile,  Coils,  Coyal,  Coyel,  Coyl,  Coyle,  Koil,  Koils,  Koyl,  Koyle      . 

Colt,  ■"■ 


Coker,  Coaker, Cocah, Cocar, Cocker '.'.'.'.[". 

Colbraith,  Colbreath,  Colbrith,  Colebroth, Collbreath,  Culbratti, Cuilireath. 

Colburn,  Colborn,  Colbourn,  Colburne,  Colebourn,  Coleburn,  Coulburn 

Colby,  Colbe6,Colbey,Coleby 

Colcord  . 


Cole,  Coal,  Coale,  Coals,  Coles, Cowle, Cowles, Cowls 

Colegrove,  Coldgrove,  Colgrove,  Coolgrove 

Coleman,  Coalman,  Coalsraan,  Colaman,  Colemand, Coienien,  Colemon 

Coley,  Coaley,  Coalley,  Colley,  Colly,  Coly 

Coller,  Coaler,  Coallaf,  Cola,  Coler,  Collar,  Collars,  Coliers,'coliour,  Colour,  Khoier'  KoileV 

Collier,  Colier,Collear,  Colliar,Collyer,Colyer,Cullier '  

Collins,  Colene,  Colens,  Colin,  Colings,  Colins,  Collans,  Coliens,  Coil'ienVcoliin'Coliine'  ColViniV 
Collons .  J  &.      *»  "6o, 


Colman,  Collman,  Colmon,  Coltman,  Coolman "  ]  

Colson,  Coleson,  Collison,  CoUisson,  CoUson,  Coisin,  Coulson 

Colt,  Coltes,  Colts 

Colton,  Calton.  Coletin, Coletton, Colten, Coiilton '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Colvin,  Caldvin,  Calvan,  Calvin,  Colven '.'.'.I" '..'.["'.][[] 

Combs,  Comb,  Combe.  Combes,  Com bess ,'.'.'..'..'. 

Comer,  Comber,  Commer .'.".".".".".".*,' 

Comfort,  Komfort '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Comley,  Comely,  Comly ] 

Compton, Cainpton.  Kamptom,  Komton '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Comstock,  Compstock,  Comstach,  Comstack,  Comstal'kVComstoik,  Ciiinstaek  ciimsticic" " 

Conant,  Connant 

Condall,  Condal,  Condle,  Congdel,  Congdell,  Congdolli  Cuiidai,  Ciindeli 

Cone,  Cones,  Kone,  Kohn 

Coney,  Conee,  Cony 

Congdon,  Condan,  Conden, Condine, Condon, Congden! 

Conger,  Congo,  Congor 

Conkey 


8.9 
4.6 
5.5 

6.0 
4.8 
5.5 

5.4 
5.2 
6.1 
5.8 
5.6 
5.4 
5.7 
6.2 
5.5 
6.3 
5.5 
5.6 
5.4 
5.1 
5.4 
5.4 
5.5 
5.1 
5.7 
5.8 
5.4 


4.7 
5.8 
5.7 
6.3 
5.2 
5.4 
5.8 
4.9 
5.1 
6.0 
5.7 
5.1 
5.9 
5.8 
4.7 
6.2 

6.1 

S.5 
6.4 
5.9 
5.5 
5.0 
5.8 
5.3 

6.0 
4.8 
5.2 
6.2 
5.4 
4.7 
6.1 
5.5 
6.3 
5.6 
5.4 
5.9 
5.6 
5.6 
5.4 

5.4 
6.4 
5.6 
6.6 
5.3 
6.0 
5.5 
5.6 
6.2 
7.1 
5.8 
5.9 
5.5 
6.3 
5.9 
5.7 
5.6 
6.2 
6.2 


226 
29 
47 

28 
53 
52 

78 
71 
31 

231 

124 
39 
31 
29 
32 

178 
19 
2,442 
28 
48 
28 
78 
25 

101 
25 
32 
21 


277 

27 

149 

76 

21 

43 

29 

202 

35 

45 

36 

142 

35 

105 

311 

29 

96 

192 
125 

21 
117 

44 

22 
212 

21 

131 
29 
31 
30 
32 
31 
80 

153 
19 

793 
29 

307 
68 
60 

107 

625 
41 
48 
18 
77 
77 

102 
31 
20 
17 
43 

116 

122 
19 

100 
20 
71 
21 
18 


1,110 
104 
210 

141 
203 
232 

344 
296 
157 
1,116 
671 
172 
147 
150 
144 
936 
86 
11.324 
122 
198 
124 
347 
112 
418 
117 
155 
93 


1,271 

101 
710 
355 
112 
180 
128 
961 
135 
185 
181 
671 
145 
510 
1,497 
106 
502 

970 
559 

92 
674 
200 

89 
1,024 

91 

653 
110 
130 
155 
140 
116 
404 
687 
100 

3,657 
129 

1,489 
310 
276 
466 

2,778 
220 
219 
100 
339 
385 
455 
144 
103 
103 
206 
565 
551 
101 
488 

93 
327 
109 

93 


HEADS  OF  FAUIUES. 


79 


31 


25 


39 


7 
1 
8 
8 
4   . 


65 


23 


10 


Table  111. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  035 

-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  TUE  FIRST  CENSIS:  17'J0-<ontinued. 


Conklin.  Conchlln,  Concklln,  Conckllne,  ConcUn,  Coneklin,  Conklui,  ConUen,  ConUlne 
Conkllng 

Conn,  Con,  Cons ],] 

Connel,  Conals,  Connal,  Connell,  Conniel .\.. .WW] ..]..[.[ 

Conner,  Conar,  Coner,  Connar,  Conners,  Connor,  Connows '.        '. 

Connolly,  Conaldv,  Coniilly,  Coneley,  Concly,  Conley,  Conly,  Connals,  Connaliyrr'onnaiy, 
Conncley,  Coniiplley,  Connelly,  Connely,  Connerley,  Connerlly,  Connerly,Connoley,Conno'l- 
lee,  Connoly,  ConuUey,  Conolly,  Conoly 

Conrad ,  Conrade,  Conrad t,  Conrod,  Coniodt,  Koonrod i !!!.......  i !  i !!!  i  i !!!]  i  i !!!!!!!! ! 

Converse,  Con ver,  Convers '.[V.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'., 

convus,  Conves,  convis "!!.'!!!!!"!!.'!!!!!!!!]!!]!!!!!!!!! 

Conway,  Canaway,  Canoway,  Canwey,  Conaway,  Conneway,  Conoway.. !!!!!!.!!!!! !.!!!!!!!!! 

Cook,  Cootk,  Cooke,  Cookes,  Cooks [,], 

Cookey,  ('ookseey,  ("ooksy './/.'.'.'.'.'.'.',',','.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.. 

Cool,  Coole,  Coul,  Coule 

Cooley ,  Coolie,  CoolUy ,  Coolly ,  Cooly 

Coollage,  Cooladge,  Coolage,  Cooledge,  Cooleg , 

Cooml>es,  ("oorabs,  Coomes,  Cooms 

Coomer,  Coomber,  Cumber,  Cummer,  Cummlr ' 

Coon,  Coonce,  Coone,  Coones,  Coons,  Coonse,  Coonts,  Coonti,  Koon,  Koooce,  Koone,  Koons, 

Koonse,  Koontz 

Cooper,  Coopi)er 


Cope,  Cop,  Copes,  Copp,  Coppes,  Copps,  Cops 

Copeland,  Copelan,  Co|)elln.  Copland,  Coplen,  Coplln 

Corbet,  Carbit,  Corbert ,  Corbett,  Corblt,  Corblte,  Corbltt,  Corbutt 

Corbin,  Corban,  Corl>en,  Corbom 

Cordwell,  Cardwell,  Cordwall,  Cordwlll 

Corey,  Coery,  Correy,  Corrle,  Corry.  Cory 

Corless,  Carlis,  Carloss,  Corlas,  Corlies,  Corlls,  Corliss 

Cornelius,  Camelus,  Conrlir.s,  Comoilas,  Comeleise,  Cornell,  Cornelias,  Comelies,  Coraelk»,  COr- 

neiious,  Comelis,  Comelus,  Cumelus 

Cornell,  Comal,  Comale,  Corneall,  Cornel 

Coming,  Comin 

ComLsh ,  Camish ,  Comis 

Comwell ,  Comwal,  Cornwall,  Corawel,  Comwlll 

Corson,  Coarson,  Corsen,  Corsson,  Couison 

Cottingham 

Cottle,  Cotle,  Cottcl,  CottiUe 

Cotton,  Cot  tawn,  Cotten,  Cottin,  Cottins,  Cottons 

Cottroll,  Cotral,  Cotrall,  Cotrel,  CotrcU,  Cotrill,  Cottrel,  Cottril 

Couch ,  Cauch ,  Coutch 

Coulter,  Coaller,  Colter 

Council,  Councel,  Councill,  Counsel,  Counsell,  Counsil 

Cotmlryman,  Countcrynian,  Countyman,  Cuntreman,  Ctmtryman 


Courtney,  Coatney,  Coltney,  Cortany,  Cortney - 

Cousins,  Cosine,  Cosins,  Cousens,  Couslnes,  Couzlns,  Coten,  Coiens,  Cotlne,  Couens,  Coulns, 


Covcll,  Coval,  Covall,  Covalt,  Covel,  Covels,  CovU,  Covile,  Covill. 

Covenhoven,  Covenhaven 

Covert . 


Covey,  Covy 

Covington,  Cooventon,  Covenlon,  Covinton. 

Cow,  Cowe,  Cowes,  Cows,  Kow,  Eows 

Coward . 


Cowden,  Cawden,  Cowdln 

Cowdry,  Caudry,  Coudry,  Cowdre,  Cowdrey 

Cowell,  Cowel,  towels,  CowUl 

Cowcn,  Cowan,  Cowans,  Cowens,  Cowhan,  Cowin,  Cowing. 

Cox,  Coxe,  Coxs 

Coy,  Cove. 


Crabb,  Crab,  Crabbs,  Crabe 

Craddook,  Craddack,  Cradock,  Cradok 

Craft,  Crafd,  Crafft,  Crafts,  Krafit,  Kraft ■  ■ _•.•••>. 

Craig,  Craag,  Cracg,  Crag,  Crage,  Cragg,  Craggs,  Crags,  Crague,  Craige,  Cralgg,  Craigs,  Creag, 

Creg,  Cregg,  Creig,  Creigh,  Kreig 

Cram,  Cranuncs,  Krains ■• -■ ■_> 

Cramer,  Crama,  Crammer,  Crammr,  Cramor,  Cramore,  Creamer,  Creamorc,  Cromer,  Kraemer, 

Kniltncr,  Kramer,  Kreamer,  Kremer 

Crandal,  Cran.ljll,  Crandel,  Crandell,  Crandle,  Crandol 

Crane,  Crain,  Cralne 

Cranston ,  Cransi in,  Cranton 

Crary,  Cralry,  Creary 

Craven.  Cravens,  Cravin,  Cravins w •;■•.•  v. .   ".' ";-■  "J-i  — ' H.LVi;.^' 

Crawford,  Crafard,  Craferd,  Crafferd,  Craflord,  Cratord,  Craufurd,  Crawloot,  Crawlort,  cronord, 

Crofoot,  Croford,  Crowfoot,  Crow/ord,  Crw ford 

Creekniorr,  Crcekmore 

Cregar,  Craiger,  Creager,  Cregier,  Creiger v;  •  %•  •  -^l;  "  ■  i'. 

Creighton,  Cratens,  Craton,  Crayton,  Creaton,  Creiton,  Cretin,  Crlegn ton 

Crenshaw. 


Crcsscy,  Creascy.'CreasK  Crecy,  Creesey,  Crecsy,  Cresce,  Cresey,  Cressy,  Cricsseo 

Crews,  Crew,  Croos,  Cruise,  Cmlze,  Cruse,  Kmse - .  ■  •■■•■••  ,>■;••"■■  rViU^ii' 

Crisnian,  Chrlsman,  Chrismon,  Christman,  Crismond,  Crissman,  Cristtnan,  Krlsmnn,  Krlstman, 

Krit^man 

Crisp. 


Crist,  Christ.  Crice,  Crisc,  Krist ■ .  ■  —  ■ ■:  ■  ■  ■ .  ■  ■  ■•  v,- ■,;;,■ 'j-'  VvirVinViAn' 

Critienton.  Chrittcnden,  Chrittenton.  Crittenden,  Crlttendon,  Crittenten,  Criltlnden,  CrItUndon, 

Criltinton 

Crocker,  Crocar,  Croker 

Crocket.  Crockett,  Crocklt,  Croket -•-• ,v  V^i.VJ.'.ilii' 

Cromwell,  Crommel,  Crommell,  Cromvell,  Cromwel,  CnimueU,  cramweu 

Cronkhite,Cronkite!!. 

Crooks,  Crook,  Crooke a- ••: X '  V.' '  V-".^!.'.'.; ' rsU.hi 

Crosby,  Crosbav,  Crosbe,  Crosbea,  Crosbee,  Crosbey,  Crosbie,  Crossbay,  CroiDy 

Crosman,  Crossinan,  Crossmen,  Krosman ; 


i.6 
6.4 
fi.4 
S.2 


S.7 
S.5 
6.9 
S.4 
4.0 
6.6 
6.3 
6.1 
5.7 
6.0 
5.6 
6.8 

6.0 
6.6 
5.C 
6.7 
5.2 
SO 
5.7 
6.7 
6.0 

5.1 
6.5 
5.0 
4.0 
6.4 
5.7 
b.l 
6.6 
6.4 
6.0 
6.5 
5.2 
4.9 
5.9 
4.9 

6.7 
6.1 
6.0 
6.6 
6.0 
6.0 
6.2 
61 
6.1 
6.4 
60 
6.7 
6.7 
S.S 
5.4 
6.0 
6.6 

5.1 
6.0 

6.7 
5.8 
5.8 
S.S 
6.3 
61 

5.6 
4.6 
5.8 
4.5 
4.8 
5.7 
4.0 

5.0 
5.6 
63 

5.0 
5.5 
6.0 
6.1 
6.3 
6.4 
6.8 
6.8 
6.6 


|: 


i 

g 

1 

£ 

g 

s 

b 

1 

1 

210 

040 

42 

185 

29 

128 

228 

053 

107 

508 

05 

429 

S3 

268 

16 

86 

67 

221 

1,065 

4,747 

■-•0 

106 

27 

1.19 

119 

S64 

46 

225 

66 

254 

17 

06 

234 

1,172 

668 

2,635 

66 

304 

123 

674 

67 

237 

84 

408 

31 

145 

147 

684 

17 

84 

40 

200 

110 

407 

25 

101 

45 

174 

134 

691 

36 

160 

17 

86 

30 

180 

130 

675 

35 

170 

68 

303 

41 

172 

29 

114 

22 

107 

29 

113 

68 

275 

56 

285 

18 

00 

31 

142 

27 

134 

41 

206 

18 

03 

18 

01 

20 

101 

24 

105 

23 

114 

140 

658 

603 

2,3.19 

20 

125 

28 

124 

30 

176 

121 

556 

217 

888 

73 

3U0 

no 

513 

172 

828 

197 

942 

26 

117 

27 

144 

22 

112 

377 
21 
!.■> 
34 


20 


28 

luS 

44 

206 

70 

271 

72 

355 

20 

80 

50 

315 

61 

3113 

ino 

754 

44 

222 

40 

251 

16 

65 

23 

125 

68 

324 

208 

090 

54 

247 

HSAM  or  rAwuxii. 


60 


1  •■ 


o  I  8 
2 


III 


1 

6 

....  I 

....  le 


31 

1 

,...|  2 
60  172 


0  64 

3  36 

2  12 

...  4 


...I  1 
6  41 
...  2 

2  28 
...I  13 

3  I  17 
16 


20 


18 


IS 


13 
1 

7 

15  16 

17 

2  I  27 

8   7 


...  7 

0  3 
2   2 

1  I  11 

2  32 
11  I  1 
...I  6 


6  I  27 


62 


.Ml 


10 ;  » 

^1  * 

46  31 


26  28 
66   g 

1  .... 


0  17 
96  44 


66  '  34  ' 


27 


16  I  3 
66  134 

*'  i 

....I  2 

3   6 


106  I  SO  SO  102 


21 


24 


107 


2  I  3 
9  37 
13 
5 
3 
6 


301  26 
,...!  24 
13  .... 
10  2 
...  26 
...  1 
8  26 

4  U 
t   S 

10   1 


236 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


Table  1 1 1  -NOMEiNCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Cross,  Crose 

Crout^h ,  Croutch 

Crouse,  Croiis,  Kraus,  Krause,  Kjauss,  Krous,  Krouse 

Crow ,  Croe,  Crowe,  Crows 

Crowder,  Crouder 

Crowell,  Croel,  Crowall,  Crowel 

Crowl,  Craull.  Crawl,  CroU,  Crouel,  Croul,  Krawl,  Kroll,  Krowl 

Crowson,  Croasen,  Crosen,  Crossan,  Crossen,  Crossin,  Crosson,  Crousan 

Crozer,  Croseir,  Croser,  Crozier 

Crum,  Crom,  Cromb,  Crome,  Croom,  Crooms,  Crumb,  Crume,  Cmmm,  Krom,  Krome,  Krum.. 

Crump,  Crumpts 

Cryder,  Creider,  Crider 

Cudworth,  Codwortli 

Culbertson,  Calbertson,  Colberson,  Colbertson,  Colbeson,  Cubbertson,  Culberson 

Cullev,  Cullee.  Cully 

Cullins.  Culi'ii.  Culin,  Culins,  CuUan,  Cullen,  Cullin,  Cullings 

Culp.  Culpt.  Kulp 

Culpeper,  Culpepeper,  Culpepper 

Culver . 


Cunimings.  Comins,  ComlDgs,  Comins.  Commings,  Coromins,  Cumin,  Cumine,  Cuming,  Cum- 
ings.  Cumins,  Cuiimien,  Cumniin,  Cumming,  Cummins 

Cunningham,  Coningham,  Conygham,  Conyngham.  Cunengham.  Cunhingham,  Cunigam,  Cuni- 
gan,  Cuningham,  Cuninghame,  Cunnigam,  Cunninghame,  Cunninham,  Kuningham,  Kunning- 


ham.. 


Curie,  Curl,  Kearl,  Keerls,  Keirle,  Kerl,  Kirl,  Kurl 

Currier,  Courier 

Curry,  Curray ,  Currey,  Currie,  Cury 

Curt«n,  Certain,  Certin,  Curtain,  Curtin,  Curtins,  Kerton.. 

Curtis,  Ciutes.  Curtess,  Curtice,  Curtise,  Curtiss,  Curtiz 

Curwin,  Curvin,  Curwen 

Cushing,  Cushln,  Cushion,  Cushon 

Cushman,  Cusman.  Kushman 

Custard,  Custerd ,  Custord,  Kustard 

Cutler,  Cutlar.  Cuttler 

Cutt.  Cuts,  Cutis,  Kutz 

Cutter 

Cutting,  Cuting,  Cuttin 


Daggett,  Dagett,  Daggart,  Dagget,  Daggot 

Dailey,  Daily,  Daley,  Dalley,  Dally,  Daly,  Dayley,  Dayly 

Dakins,  Dakin 

Daland,  Dealand,  De  Land,  Deland 

Dale,  Dail,  Dails,  Dales 

Dalrymple,  Dalrimple,  Danmiple,  Dilrimple 

Dalton,  Dolton 

Dame,  Dames 

Dameron,  Damerin,  Dammeron,  Damron 

Damon,  Daman,  Dammon,  Daramons,  Dammun,  Damons,  Dayman 

Dana,  Danee,  Daner,  Danna,  Danner,  Danor,  Danow 

Dane,  Dain,  Daine,  Dains,  Danes,  Dayns 

Danforth,  Danford,  Danfort,  Dantforth '.[/.'.'.'.'.'. 

Daniels,  Dancle,  Danels,  Danial,  Daniel,  Daniell,  Daniells,  Danil,  Daniles,  Danils,  Dannei,  Dan- 

nels,  Danniels,  Dannold,  Danolds 

Dann,  Dan. 


Darby.  Darbay,  Darbe,  Darbey,  Derbe,  Derbey,  Derby 

Darden,  Dardan,  Dardin,  Dardon,  Dawden 

Darling.  Dorlimr 

Darlington.  Darlenton.  Darlinton 

Damall,  Darnal,  Darnel,  Darnell,  Damil,  Damull 

Darrow,  Darough,  Darragh,  Darrah,  Darrar,  Darro,  Darrough,  Dorrali,  Borrow 
Dart. 


Davenport,  Deavenport,  Debenport,  Devanport,  Dcvanporte,  Devenport,  Devensport,  Devin- 
port,  Devonport 

David ,  Davids [[[[ 

Davidson,  Davcrson.  Davlnson,  Davison,  Davisson,  Deverson,  Dividson! ! 

Davie,  Davey,  Davy '[ 

Davis,  Daves,  Davice,  Davies,  Davise,  Daviss ' ,' ," 

Dawes,  Daugh,  Daw,  Daws,  Dawse '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Dawkins,  Darkins '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Dawley,  Dawly,  D ' Orlie.  Dowly "."."!!!!]!!!! 

Dawson,  Dauson,  Dorsen,  Dors'on [[[ 

Day,  Days,  Deay,  Dey,  Deye '."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[" 

Dayton.  Daten,  Daton,  Dattnn 

Deal,  Deale,  Deals,  Dccl,  Dcele,  Dehl,  Delhi,  Dell,  Deiil.Diei! ..!...! ! 

Dean.  Deanc,  Dcanes,  Deans,  Deen,  Deens,  Diens ["[ 

Dear,  Deare,  Dears,  Deer,  Deir 

Dearborn,  Dcarhen,  Dearbin,  Dearbon,  Dearbome.  Derban,  Derborn 

Dearing,  Doaron,  Dearens,  Dearran,  Deering,  Dering.  Derrin,  Derring 

Deaver,  Dcavor,  Deavour.  Deever,  Deevers,  Dever,  Devers,  Deves,  Devirs 

Decker,  Deckir,  Dicker,  Dickers 

Dedrick,  Dcadrieh,  Dcatrich,  Dederick,  Dedrich,  Deedrick/Dee'drik,'  bei'dk'Deidrich  DeidVick 
Dcitrick,  Dorttrick,  Detrick,  Didrich,  Didrick,  Dietrich,  Dietrick..  -^eiaricn,  ueianck. 

Dees,  Deas,  Dee,  Deess,  Deis 

Deford . 


Deforest,  Dcllorrcst,  D'Fcrest,  De  Forest,  Detorist,  D'Forrest,DeFOTest,'Deforrest;buforrfet' 
De  Grove. 


Dehaven ,  Dchea von [ 

De  La  Mater,  Delamater,  De  Le  Mater ] 

Delaney,  Delahny,  De  Laney,  Delanoy,  Delany,  DeleneyibeienyVDelonayVDelbnT' Delunev 
Dulany,  Du  Launy ■"      •^•""cj, 

Delano,  Dclanna.  De  I.aNoix,  Deleno,  Drlino.  Dellano,  beliinoibiYMo,"bYleno  Dilenow'Di'liinn 

DiUanoe.  Dilleno,  Dillenor,  Dilliner,  Dillino,  DiUinor !  .i^"eu",i'uenow,uiiiano, 

Delinger,  Delinges,  Dellinger,  Dillinger 

Deloacb,  Deeloach,  De  Loach,  Deloatch 


5.9 
5.7 
5.9 
5.7 
6.2 
5.7 
S.6 
5.3 
5.9 
5.6 
6.3 
5.8 
6.0 
7.1 
5.7 
4.4 
5.8 
4.7 
5.6 


5.7 
6.2 
5.6 
5.1 
5.9 
5.8 
5.6 
6.2 
6.3 
5.4 
6.2 
6.0 
5.4 
5.4 

6.9 
5.1 
7.3 
5.1 
6.4 
5.3 
6.4 
5.0 
4.0 
5.1 
6.4 
5.1 
5.6 

5.4 
5.9 

4.8 
5.0 
5.6 
7.3 
5.5 
5.6 
5.0 

6.1 
6.6 
5.7 
4.3 
6.6 
5.6 
6.4 
5.4 
6.7 
6.6 
6.6 
6.2 
5.6 
6.3 
6.2 
5.4 
5.4 
6.2 

6.1 
6.5 
6.1 
5.4 
6.7 
6.3 
6.0 


6.2 
6.9 
5.6 


237 
50 
47 

101 
30 

123 
31 
19 
20 

100 
38 
40 
26 
60 
23 
26 
60 
28 

HI 


275 
25 

147 

167 
22 

592 
37 

125 

103 
27 

133 
37 
63 
54 

68 
115 
19 
20 
63 
23 
41 
43 
26 
76 
52 
42 
99 

385 
27 

110 
47 

143 
15 
28 
62 
56 

207 

41 

263 

26 

2,575 

45 

18 

37 

175 

373 

77 

113 

484 

23 

74 

54 

41 


1,159 
237 
230 
475 
157 
581 
138 
81 
98 
461 
201 
193 
126 
304 
109 
84 
240 
103 
510 

1,538 


1,293 
129 
680 
650 
107 

2,812 
169 
656 
541 
120 
689 
185 
280 
238 

332 
467 
120 

82 
232 

99 
182 
171 

79 
315 
281 
173 
452 

1,677 
133 
422 
190 
653 
94 
127 
286 
224 

1,049 
188 

1,241 
86 

11,725 

204 

79 

161 

823 

1,691 
356 
586 

2,229 
98 
382 
236 
181 


207 
176 
81 
136 
154 
106 
209 


481 
97 
91 


23 


12 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


26 


30 


29 


19 


36 


15 


15 


57 


57 


18 


64 


13  20  33 

4   11 


68 


28 


18 


23 


21 


27 


12 


12 


53 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


237 


Tahlk  1 1  l.-NOMENCLATURE   DEALING  WITH  NAMKS  KErUESKNTEI.  BY  AT  LEAST  100  VMIITE  PERSONS   IIY  ST  VTE8 

AND  TERKITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CIV  <l<     ■: •  n,;,  I  «>v^->  B.  d  i  » j  ai  ts 


Delonc,  Dclon.  De  Long 

Demorist,  Demarcst,  Oimrpst "  [ ' ' 

Doiiuri  tt.  Demerit.  Demerri  t.  Bcinerri  it 

Deniing,  Deman,  Demcn,  Uemman,  Dcramans.  DemmcnrUeinining/Demmlns/Dcmnw 

Deinpsey.  Dempsay.  Dempsy,  Dcmsey.'Dcmsv.'  DimMcv.  tMmsev.DVmsy  Dincy 

Demson,  Dcnerson.  Denlston.  Dcnnerson,  Denneson,  Dcnnlson.  Dennlsson.  OcnnistoiiVDenion 

Ifint'ston,  Dinnison ' 

Pennet .  Dennett.  Denni t '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Denning.  Dcneen.  Denin,  Denlne,  Denneni'Dcnnln!  binin.'DVnnon.Dlnnlng 

Dennis.  Dcnais,  Deneas,  Denis.  Dennise.  Deanlss,  Dcnnyoe,  Dincss,  Dlnnis    

Denny.  Denney,  Dcnnlc,  Deny,  Dinny 

Dent.  Den tz 

Denton !.""!".!!!!!!!!"!!".!!!!!!!"""[.' * 

De  I'uy,  Deepu,  De  Pew,  Depew,  Depue,  Dupey,  bupolsrbupu,  biipueyVbupuis,  Dupuy, 

Derr,  Duit " ''''.'.''''.*.*.*'.'.'.'.'.''."."'.'.*.".''." 

De-shon,  Deshang,  Deshann,  Deshong,  Dislion,  bishong.bisliorii...... !!...'.'.'.".. .!!!'. 

Devane.  Devan,  Devans.  Devaughan,  Devanghn,  Devonii.  Divan.  Divans !!.."!! 

Deverecix,  Davarax,  Deaverlux.  Deavorix.  Deliereaux,  Devereaux,  Deverlck.Devericksi  beveiix, 

Deviro.  Devorex.  Devorix,  De>Teaux,  Divoriix 

De  Vine.  Devine,  Divine ..!..!!....!!........ 

Devne.  Defoe,  Devaiigti,  Devaux,  Devoo,  Devooe,  Devoux.  VeVow. ......... .................. 

Devore,  Devar,  Devarr,  Devoir,  Devoor.  Devor,  Devour,  Devov,  Devoyer,  Dvoure 

Dew.  Dews,  Doux,  Dne,  Dues,  Duess,  Duse ! 

Dev.-ees,  Deweese,  Deweeze,  Dewcse,  Duwees !!!.!!!!!! 

Dewey.  Dewav.  Dewc.  Dewj',  Duae,  Dnav,  Duvee 

Db  Witt.  Dewett,  Dewhit,  Dewiglit,  Dewit,  De'Wite,  Dewitt,  Duet,  Duett,  Duewit '.' 

Dexter,  Dextar,  Dcxtor 

De  Yoo,  Deo,  De  Veo,  De  Yo,  Deyo,  De  Yos 

DIbl.le.  Dllibeil.  Diljbill,  Dibol [."""[W. 

Dicli.  I)icl;e.  Diclies.  Dielts,  Dix 

Dickens,  Declrins,  Dicken,  Dicklns,  Diking,  Dykins : , 

Dickennan , 

Dickey,  Dickie,  Diekkey,  Dicky' [[..."]"[["". 

Dickinson,   Deckarson,   Deckerson,  Deckison,  Dicingson,  Dickason,  Dickenson,  DIckemson, 

Dickerson,  Dickeson.  Dickison,  Dickoson,  Dikerson,  Diklngson , 

Diehl,  Dial,  Diail.  Dile.  Dioi.  Dval,  Dvali,  Dvel,  Dvle , 

Diet?,.  Deals,  Deetz,  Deits,  Deili,  Dits , 

Diggs,  Deggc,  Degges.  Deig,  Digges 

Dike,  Dikes,  Dvche,  Dyches,  Dyek,  Dyke,  Dykes 

Dili.  I>ille.  Dilis , 

Diilanl.  Dilliard.  Diivard , 

Dillir.  Deliow,  Dilia.'Diliar.  Dillo,  Dilor , 

DilUngliam,  Deicniiaiii.  Deliingiiam,  Diiinbam,  Dillenhara,  Dllllnhazn 

Dillon.  Dillon.  Dillen.  Dlilin.  Dilllns,  Dillion,  Dillyen , 

Dilworlh,  Del wortli,  Dilsworth 

Diinniick,   Damock,  Demlck,  Demmaclc,  Deinmich,  Denmiick,  Dcmock,  Dimack,  Dimick, 

Dimniik,  Dimniock,  Dimmuck,  Dimoclc ,  Dymrx-k,  Dymnck 

Dinionil,  Dlamen,  Dlamon,  Diamond,  Diman.  Diniand,  Diment,  DImmon,  Dlmon,  Dj-mond... 

Dingtiian,  Dingliinan 

Dinsinore.  Denseniore.  Densmor* 

Disbrow,  Desbrow,  De.sehorough 

Dilwiler.  Deatwlier.  Dedwalier,  Dettwiler,  Detwaller,  Detweiler,  Detwller,  DetwlUer,  DltvUer.. 

Diver.  I)iv;us.  Dhcrs,  Dives.  Divese 

Dixon,  Dickson,  Dixcon,  Dixson .' 

Doane,  Doan '. 

Dol  liins,  Doljbin,  Dobins,  Doblons,  Dobyns 

Dobbs,  Dob,  Dobt),  Dobs 

Dolison,  Dabson,  Dobbson,  Dobston 

Dockslader 

Dodd,  Dod,  Dodds,  Dods 

Dodge,  Daiige,  Dodg,  Doge,  Doudpe,  Douge 

Dodson,  Dot5on,  Dotsons,  Dottson 

Doe,  Dongh 

Doggel  t,  Dogget,  Doggot 

Dole,  ■  Doles 

Dolson,  Daliison,  Dailson.  Dolen.son,  Dolison.  Doiiarson.Dollasson,  Dollison,  Dolsen 

Donald.  Donalds,  Donnald.  Donnalds.  Dornald 

Donaldson.  Donaleson.  Donaison.  Donelson.  Donillson.  Donnaldson,  Donnalson,  Donnelson 

Donally.  Donaldlv.  Donaley,  Donaiy,  Doneily,  Donciy,  Dunley,  Donly,  Donnalay,  Donnally, 

Doncllv,  Donneiv,  Donolly 

Donnal,  Donals,  Donell,  Donnel,  Donnell,  Donnels ■■  —  ■. 

Donohii.  Dnnaho.  Doneliew,  Donehugh,  Donnahough,  Donnehow,  Donnehue,  Donnlnue,  Dono- 

hue.  Doiioiighne.  Dunahoe,  Dunayhew,  Dunnaho,  Dunnahoe,  Dunnahoo,  Dimnehoe,  Dunoho. . 

Don(i\  an.  1  )onavan,  Donnovan 

Dool i 1 1  le.  Dili i Hie. .    

Door.  Doar.  Doer.  Doerr.  Doore,  Dor,  Dorr,  Dors ^ 

Dorati.  Dorans,  Doren,  Dorin,  Doron,  Duran,  Duren,  Durene,  Durin,  Duron,  Durran,  Durren... 

Donn an,  Dormon,  Donnood 

Dorrani-e,  Dorrence 

Dorsey,  Darsey,  Dawsey,  Dorcey,  Dossey 

Doss,  Doz 

Doty,  Doaty,  Dody,  Dota,  Dote,  Dotee,  Dotey,  Dotty 

Doud,  Dowd,  Dowds , i,-  •  •  ■ :  v i^ Cli:  '  't<J^V^.^'  ' 

Dougherlv,  Daughadav,  Daughertv,  Daughity,  Daughtery,  Daughtrey,  Daughtry,  Dawterry, 

Dogharty,  Doglieriv".  Dohartee.  Dohartv.  Dohatey,  Dohertio,  Doherty.  Doheley,  Doboty, 

Doratha.  Doraty,  Dnretv.  Doriiordv,  Dorithy.  Dorothy.  Duugharty,  Dougbety 

Douk'hty,  Dout)l V,  Doughle,  Doiighlee,  Doutey,  Douty,  Dowiy. ..........  •■■■■•••  y,;:;,- ■  •• 

Dongiiiss,  Doughlas.  Doiighlass,  Douglas,  Dougles,  Dougless,  Douglis.  Duglas,  Dugtass,  Dugles. 

Dugless,  Duglis,  Dugliss 

Dove 

Dow,  Douw,  Dowe,  Dowes.  Dowse 

Dowdv,  Doudey,  Doudy,  Dowdey 


i 

vnkh. 

muDB  or  rxMiLUM. 

1 

1 
< 

1 

1 

3 

(9 

a 
.... 

7 
17 
3 
2 


e 

s. 

•t 
& 

is 

4 

6 
10 

"i' 

5 

1 
"i 

14 

10 

"s 

2 

1 

- 

24 

16 
1 

24 

1 
3 
42 
IV 
2 
SO 

39 

1 

a 
a 

i: 
12 

"6" 

8 

'4" 

4 

A 

1 

> 

.... 

"2 

s 

i 

"i' 
"«' 

18 

j 

5 
1 

0.3 

41 

29 
19 

1S9 
28 

157 
28 
25 

174 
98 
47 

as 

87 
37 
22 
19 

31 
22 
41 
28 
35 
17 

1.10 
79 

107 
34 
73 

127 
42 
32 
79 

351 
31 
23 
29 
45 

m 

45 

23 
39 
48 
27 

65 
63 
21 
49 
19 
18 
16 

376 
83 
56 
17 
35 
14 
79 

346 
83 
35 
31 
44 
22 
26 
76 

41 

25 

26 
19 

100 
At 
28 
49 
18 

104 
18 
80 
61 

162 
73 

296 
24 

200 
35 

219 
128 
89 

673 
113 

792 
153 
100 
705 
4«5 
201 
391 

305 
201 
82 
97 

119 

78 
192 
128 
128 

70 
640 
387 

m 

170 
3«B 
541 
146 
144 
379 

1,702 
1.50 
102 
127 
222 
2>0 
210 
104 
194 
210 
135 

316 
263 
107 
268 
104 
90 
100 
1,614 
391 
245 
103 
HO 

m 

412 
1,712 
421 
163 
133 
217 
107 
109 
396 

146 
115 

99 
83 
444 

222 
141 
212 
87 
499 
105 
367 
216 

698 
333 

1,362 
100 
944 
151 

,1 

^^~ 

6.3 

5.7 

an 

43 
1 

5 

"i 
30 
7 

1 

82 

.... 
.... 

«.o 
as 

io' 

68 

ii' 

4,2 
R,7 

7 
17 
15 

10 
26 
8 
6 

ii' 

3 
12 

2 
U 

1 

4 

19 

IS 

32 

2 

■4' 

1 
1 

4 
3 
1 
3 
6 

"i' 
12 

4 

14 
14 
.... 

1 

2 

4 
B 

4 
20 
24 

8 
11 

■■«■ 

4 
7 

1 

1 

■"9 

1 
4 

1 

B 

4 

i 

3 
3 

.1.3 

,■>  * 

1 

6 

2 
2 

a  A 

fl.4 

4,7 

S 

4 

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9 
12 
36 

1 

fi  1 

1 

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4  8 

2 

.... 

1 
1 

12 
I 

I 

a 

a 

4 

8 

« 

4  A 

«  7 

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.... 

4  7 

A.  1 

«.n 

.... 

7 

30 

39 

2 

1 

22 

32 
3 

14 

46 

8 

34 

19 
11 
15 

1 

to 

A  n 

1 

3 

IS 

m 

4 

6 

6 

47 

n  n 

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6.0 

1 
3 

3 

6 
2 

4 
2 

14 

4 
16 

ii' 

96 

.... 
.... 

1 

1 
15 

67 

*' 

6,3 

4.  A 

36 

12 

10 
3 

16 
17 

" 

A.  2 

"s 

2 
1 

1 
9 

4 

S.8 

5.8 
A  n 

35 

34 
16 
14 
1 

1 
21 

17 
6 
I 
6 
3 
7 

1 

32 
2 

ii' 

7 

i?' 

1 

14 

36 
4 

2 
3 

ii' 

24 
3 

11 

A.  4 

6 

A  4 

.... 

S  t 

^ 

7 

14 
6 

a 

1 

3 

7 

"a 

A  1 

2 

A  7 

4 

A  A 

1 
.... 

"4' 
6 

18 

A  n 

B 

1 

20 
2 

1 

A  4 

8 
20 

.... 

4 
4 

18 

8 

a 

1 

4 

u 

1 

B 
4 

8 

1 

A  0 

A.« 

.... 

7 
14 

S 

17 
12 

"» 

29 
8 

6 

8 
17 

6 

A.  2 
A  1 

t 

.... 

A  A 

7 

21 

6 

8 

1 
13 

1 

A  A 

1 

6.1 

7  3 

2 

13 
41 

1 

1 

36 

7 

6 

7 

6 

14 

7 

61 

1 

3 
83 
13 
10 

8 

46 

1 

41 

1 
98 

6 
30 

3 

B 

' 

S.3 
5.7 

10 
6 

1 

8 

6 

18 
11 

23 

A  4 

1 

11 
2 
8 

7 

7  1 

2 
3 

1 
6 

1 

5.0 

4 

7  4 

A  ? 

2 

28 

16 

119 

2 

is" 

7 
20 

14 
3 

6 

• 

ii' 

3 
16 
44 

2 
U 

U 
34 
12 

13 

3 

M 

S 

14 

5.9 
6.1 

50 

16 

1 
1 

A  7 

17 

13 

2 
2 

5.3 

14 

30 

2 

1 

5.9 

6 

2 

1 
13 

3 
U 

4 

5.9 

4 
13 
30 

30 
4 

3 

1 
1 
3 
4 

.... 

' 

5.2 

1 

3 

5 

&2 

1 

1 

1 
3 

s 

6 

1 

3 
11 

B 
4 

3 

8 

4.0 



1 

6.6 

3 

1 

19 

1 
6 

1 

4.8 
6  4 

.... 

2 
10 

1 

2 

1 

2 
4 
16 
6 
3 
6 

7 
3 

10 

■  s' 

2 

6 
6 
3 
6 

1 
1 

"i' 

"7 

66 
3 

4 
18 
9 
1 

1 

54 
69 
5.3 

58 

1 
8 
6 

"3' 

3 
I 
7 

a 
3 

1 

S.8 

7 

86 

3 
U 

4 
1 

B 
7 

40 
» 

30 
3 

as' 

a 

as 

3 

4 

» 
14 

54 
1 

a 

5.6 

1 

t 

8 

17 
8 

3 
2 

17 

6 

36 

"i 

a 

23 

1 

41 
3 

6 
36 

32 

12 

I 

S.2 

1 

14 

1 

14 
4 

27 

43 

8 
3 

4 

5.3 

5.6 

2 
10 

17 

1 

10 
t 

S.S 
6.2 

6 

8 

12 
... 

39 

1 
14 

26 

3 

67 
6S 

20 

107 

S 

..*. 

1 
S 

238  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

T^rr  .,  *  V.T7Q  RFPRFSENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
T.B..  111.-N0MENCLATUBE.  DEAUNG  WrrH^NA^^^^^^^^  ,,90-Continued. 


Downer ■• K":,:.^^' 

Downey,  Douney,  Dowency  Downy 

Downing,  Downen,  Downend.... 

Downs,  Douns,  Down,  Downe,  Downes 

g^^^'^S^i^?^^.^e;gS^;Doy%Doyi:::::::; 

Drake,  Drack,  Dreack,  Dreiek ■■ 

Draper 

Dreadon,  Drayton 

Dresser,  Dresher,  Dresser 

Drew,  Drue 

Drinkwater,  Drinkworter • 

Driver -■•- 

Drown,  Drownd,  Drowne 

Drum,  Drom,  Droora 

Drummond,  Drummon . . .^ i<  ■.■;■„ 

Drury,  Drewery,  Drewry.  Drurey,  Drurye .  


g™g;i^SrBoisjS^,D^s.D;r6Si^Duboise,Dubos.Dab^ 

Ell^ri)ewSi^au;De;^i;"D^eii;buaii;;::::::::::-:^^ 


Dufl 

Dutfey,  Duflee,  Duffle,  Duffy. 


Duffleld,  Duileld^ Dufield..^.^^^.  .^.^.^^^.  .^.^^^^-  ■^■^^^-  D-gi^/iJuggins,  Duging,  Dugins. . 


Dugan,  Doogan, 

Duke,  Duk,  Dukes a -,, -•■;-;•  i 


Dul. 


Du  Mont  'Damont;  bemond,-  bemont,  DuMond,  Dumond,  Dumong,  Dumont 

Dunaway,  Donaway,  Dunnenway,  Dunneway,  Dunway 


Dunkle.'bunc'kleVbungiU,  Dunkel,  DunkeU ■ 

Dunlap,  Dunlop 

Dunn,  Done,  Dones,  Dun,  Dune 

Dunnavant,  Dunaphant,  Dunavant  Dunnivant .....  ---■•■-•■ 

Dunning,  Doning,  Dunin,  Dunmg,  Dunnen,  Dunnm,  Dunnon 

gJIrnvSid^^D  ™wSdre!'Senw-idie;  Dinwedoe,-  binwiddle;  Dinwody;  Dinwoody;  -bunwiddee, 

Dunwid'dy.  Dunwody,  Dunwooddy 

Dupree,  Depray,  Deupree,  Dupre.... - 

Durant,  Durand,  Durants,  Duront,  Dunant 

Durfee,  Durfey .  Durflee,  Durfy 

DS&,''D"'um'Eearom,°DerhLVber^,-Do^^^ 

Durkee,  Derkee,  Durke,  Durkey 

Duryeo,  Deryea,  Deyea,  Duryea ...^ 

Dusenbury,  Dosenberry,  Dusenberry,  Dusenbery,  Duzenberry 

Dustin,  Dustan,  Duston 


Dutch er,  Ducher ._  ■  ^   ^        tx  ** 

Duttcro,  Detterer,  Dettro,  Ditterer,  Dudrow,  Dutero,  Dutterow 

Dutton,  Duton,  Duttcn,  Duttin,  Dutting - . .  -  - .  - •  -  -  •- ; .  ■  ■ ■ 

Duvall    Davalt,  Deval,  DevaU,  Devalt,  De  Vaul,  Devaul,  DevauU,  Devault,  Devawl,  Devol, 

Divail,  Divol,  Divoll,  Duval,  Du  Vail,  Duvalt,  Duvol 

Dwight. 


5.9 

5.3 

5.8 

5.2 

6.8 

4.8 

5.4 

54 

5.0 

5,8 

6.3 

7.0 

58 

5.8 

5.1 

5.8 

54 
5.7 
5.6 
5.1 
5  3 
48 
46 
6.6 
5,2 
6.0 
6.2 
48 
6.4 
5.0 
48 
6.2 
5.9 

5.4 
8.6 
5.9 
5.4 
6.2 
5.8 
6.9 


DwinneU",  bwini,  bwinalsrbwiiiei,  Dwinell,  Dwinelle,  Dwinells,  Dwinnel,  Dwinnels,  Dwin- 

nills,  Dwynal - 

Dyckman,  Dikeman,  Dikman,  Dykeman,  Dykman 

Dye.  Die,  Digh,  Duy,  Dyes 

Dyer,  Diar,  Dier,  Dire,  Duyer,  Dyar,  Dyars,  Dyre 

Dyson,  Diason,  Disins,  Dison 

Eager,  Eagar,  Eger,  Egir,  Egirs,  Igher 

Eagle,  Eage!,  Eagles,  Egle,  Igle 

Eames,  Earns 

Earl,  Earle,  Earles,  Earll,  Earls,  Erl,  Erie 

Early,  Earley - 

Earliest,  Eamess,  Eamist,  Eamst,  Ernest,  Emise,  Emist,  Ernst 

Earp,  Earpe 

Easley,  Easely,  Easly,  Esley,  Isley 

Eason,  Easson,  Esign 

East,  Easte 

Easter,  Easters,  Eastir 

Easterbrook,    Easterbrooks,   Estabroks,  Estabrook,   Estabtooks,   Esta  Brooks,   Esterbrooks, 

Estherbrooks 

Eastman,  Easthman,  Eastmon,  Estman 

Easton,  Easten,  Eastern,  Eastin,  Easting,  Esten,  Eston,  Estton 

Eastwood,  Eastcn\-ood 

Eaton,  p;aten,  Eatton,  Eton,  Eton,  Etton 

Ebcrlcy,  Eberly. • 

Ebert,  Eberts.  Ebhart 

Ebv,  Eaby,  Ebi,  Ebie 

Echols,  Eccles,  Ecels,  Echolles,  EchoUs,  Eckle,  Eckles,  Eckols,  Eichols,  Ekel,  Ekels 

Eckart,  Earchart,  Echart,  Eckard,  Eckert,  Eckhard,  Eckhart,  Ecurt,  Egbart,  Eichart,  Eickard; 

Eigcrt.  Ekart,  Ekert,  Ekirt 

Eddins,  Eddens,  Eddin,  Eddings,  Edings,  Edins,  Iddings 

Eddy,  Eadie,  Eady,  Edde,  Eddey,  Eddie,  Edee,  Edey,  Edie,  Edy 

Edelen. 


35 
43 

142 
178 

21 

58 
271 
108 

21 

49 
119 

17 

44 

33 

20 

18 

78 

99 

27 
227 
53 
25 
29 
20 
68 
73 
18 
22 
26 
24 
24 

121 

249 

189 
14 
148 
272 
17 
96 
30 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


172 
187 
676 
743 
101 
221 
1,197 
471 
85 
236 
636 
102 
213 
158 
82 
87 
341 
469 
123 
929 
226 
94 
104 
112 
241 
367 
93 
83 
134 
96 
90 
609 
1,210 

826 
106 
732 
1,199 
88 
459 
176 


Eden,  Edens 

Edes,  Eades,  Eads,  Beds — 
Edgar,  Edger,  Edgir,  Edgo., 


43 
5.3 
4.9 
6.6 
4.9 
5.6 
6.0 
4  6 
6.6 
6.7 
6.6 
4.7 
6.0 

6.8 
7.8 

6.1 
6.0 
5.7 
6.0 
5.6 

6.5 
5.3 
5.5 
5.6 
6,0 
6.3 
7.1 
5.2 
5.7 
6.0 
6.6 

5.5 
5.7 
6.9 
6.0 
5.7 
5.3 
6.6 
6.0 
7.3 

6.9 
5.8 
5.8 
5.1 
5.1 
6.6 
4.2 


122 
25 

36 
28 
41 
244 
28 

35 
27 
66 
130 
42 
44 
16 
26 
41 
30 
20 

64 
162 
72 
26 
380 
19 
18 
20 
28 

63 

25 
193 
33 
23 
44 
24 


91 

116 
189 
279 
220 
324 
149 
146 
169 
210 
194 


177 
139 
193 
1,222 
126 

194 
115 
297 
597 
209 
187 
97 
108 
194 
149 
111 

291 

764 

364 

123 

1,782 

82 

84 

99 

175 

370 
121 
920 
136 

94 
203 

76 


4     47 
6 


16 


1 
5     12 


31 


39  30  3 

...  1  7 

3  18  55 

5  33  51 


23 


10 


25 


8     28 
20     13 


26 


118 


38 


16 
1 
6 


6 

12 

1 

1 

"i 

2 
4 
41 


28 

22 

2 

1 


2 
13 


25 


1    .... 
5  I  11 


10 
1 


Table  111. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  239 

-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WTIITE  PER.SONS  BY  STATFfi 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Ccntinued  ^^^'''^^^^'  ^"^  ^^ATES 


Edge,  Ege 
Edgerly... 


Edgcrton,  Eagerston  kagcrton,  E(igarton,'Edgeiin,"F,d"giU)n,'  Egcitin.'Ege'toii 


monscn,  Edmonson,  Edmonston,  EdmonstonV, 'Edinundioii, 


Edmondson,   Edmandson,  Ed: 

Edmuiison 

Edsoii.  Eadson,  Edinson,  Edison,  Edisuin,  Eidson  " 
Edwards,  Edwads,  Edward,  Edword,  Edwords.. 

Eoghmy 

Egburt,  E^'bcrt,  Egberts,  Egbcrtse,  Egbjrd. 

Egleston  hagleston  Eaglestone,  Eagleton,  Eccleston,  Eceiraton,'  Egeislon,'  Eggipson;  Eggloston, 
Eto  ^egieioa  Tiggliston,  Eglorton,  Egleson,  Eglestin,  EgTestone;  EiVoton,  Elaleslon. 

Eider,"Ei'ders.'.'.' ;;;;;!! ;!;;;; ;;;;;;; 

Eldred 

Eldridge,  Eldredge,  Eldrig,  Eldrige,  Elridge.  

ElkiDs,  Elkin,  Elkings 

Ellcnwood,  E lenwood,  Ellengwood.  Eliingivoort,  Eliinwood 

Ellcr,  Ela,  Eler,  Ellar,  Ellers,  liar,  Iler,  Uler.  Uor.  

Ellioott,  ElU.ott,  Ellcott 

ElliiiKton,  EUeuton,  Ellinton 

Elliott   Klet,  Eliot,  Eliott.  EUet,  Ellett,  EUlatt,  EUiot.'EUit.'ElVittVEYlot!  Eilou'. EUyot 

Ellis,  hlrs,  I'.Iies,  Elis.  Kllc-s.  Kllico,  Elllse ■" 

EUison,  Ell(>rson,  Ellislon.  Kllyson ] 

Elmendorph.  Elmpndorf,  I'.lini'ndorfl !!!!!!!!!!!!.!!! 

Elmoro,  Ellimore,  Ellmoro,  Elmor,  Elmoure,  EJjmore 

Elsworth,  lOlesworth,  Ellsworth 

Eiwpii,  Eiiweii,  Eiiwiii,  Eiwpi,  Eiwii i!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!; 

Elwood,  Ellwood 

Ely,  Ealey,  Ealy,  Elcy,  Eli,  Elly "'■'.'.^'^"'.'.'.'.'.'.'.""[[[[[[[[""[l"]" 

Emerson,  Embcrson,  Emeson,  Emison,  Emmorsen,  Emmerson,  Emrson !.!!!!!. 

Emery,  Emeary,  Emmerie,  Emmery,  Emmory,  Emmry,  Emory,  Emrcy,  Emry.  Imry 

Emcs,  Enimcs 

Emmit,  Emet,  Emit,  Emmet,  Emmitt,  Emott !!.!!!!.!!!!!!!!.!!.!!.!..."!!!!!!! 

Emmons,  Eaman,  Emens,  Emmans,  Emmins,  Emmonds,  Emends,  Emona...!!!!!!!!!! 

Emrich,  Eiiierick,  Emmerich,  Emric,  Emrick 

E  ngland,  1  n^land 

English,  ingiish !!!!!!!!!.!!.!.!!.!!."!! 

Ennis,  Eanis,  Enes,  Eness,  Enis,  Ennice,  Enniss,  Ennist ']!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!! 

Enochs,  Enoch,  Enock,  Enox 

Enos,  Eanos,  Eno,  Enus !.!!!!!!!!!!*!!* 

Ensign. 


Epps,  Epos,  Eppes,  Eps 

Erb 

Erhart,  Earhart,  Earheart,  Ehart,  Ehrhart,  Erehard,  Erehart,  Etbntdi.. '.'.'.'.'.'.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Eshelman,  Eshleman 

Essex,  Essack,  Esseek,  Esscick,  Esslck 

Ester.  Esters,  Esther.  Esthers.  Estor 

Estes,  Easte-s,  Eastis,  Estas,  Estees,  Estts 

Esty,  Eastev,  Eastv,  Estee,  Estey 

Ethorldge,  fcatheridge.  Etherage,  Etheredge,  Etherege,  Etbiredge,  Ethridge,EtJldge,  Ettrldge. 

Eubank   Enhanks,  Ewbank 

Evans,  Eavans,  Eavens.  Eavins,  Evan,  Evanso,  Evens,  Evians,  Evins,  Ivens,  Ivlns 

Everhart.  Everhard.  E verheart 

Everltt,  Evaritt,  Everat,  Everatt,  Everet,  Everett,  Everetts,  Everit,  Everlte,  Everrett,  Evert, 

Everts,  Evirett,  Evret,  Evrltt 

Everly,  Eveleigh,  Eveley,  Evely,  Everley,  Eversley 

Eversole. 


Everson,  Everston,  E visten 

Eves.  Eave.  Eaves,  Eve,  Evegh 

Evetts,  Evet,  Eveth,  Evets,  Evett,  Evlt,  Evlts,  Evltts. 

Ewoll,  Ewel 

Ewers,  Euers,  Ewer 

Ewlng,  Ewen,  Ewin,  EwUige,  Ewlngs,  Ewlns 


Pagan.  Fagen.  Fagin,  Faglns,  Feagan,  Feagins,  Fegan,  Fegean,  Phagan 

Fair,  Fairs.  Fare 

Fairbanks.  Falrbank,  Farbanks,  Farebank,  Farebanks,  Ferbanks,  FIrbanks,  Purbanla. 

Fairehild.  P'airehield,  Falrchllds,  Foarechlles 

Falrcloth , 


Fairfield,  Falrfeld,  Farefleld,  Farfleld. 

Fales.  Fail,  Faile 

Fall,  Falls. 


Fanning,  Faning.  Fannan,  Fannin,  Fannon 

Farley.  Fareley,  Farlee.  Farly 

Farmer,  Farniar,  Farmor 

Farnham.  Farnara.  Farnum.  Famume.  Fernam 

Farnsworth.  Farmsworth,  Farnswort,  Fawnsworth. 
Farr,  Far. 


Farrar,  Farer.  Fariar.  Farrer.  Farrier,  Farrior,  Farror 

Farreil,  Farall.  Farell.  Farral.  Farrall,  Farrel,  Pharrell 

Farrington.  Farington.  Ferrington 

Farrow,  Fara.  Farra.  Farrah.  Farree,  Farro 

Farwell,  Fairwell.  Farewel.  F^areweil 

Fassett.  Fas.sat,  Passet,  Fassitt 

Faulkner,  Falconer,  Falkener,  Falkenur,  Falkemr,  Fallcner,  Faukner,  Faulconer,  Faulkener, 

Folkner,  Folknor,  Forkenor,  Forkner 

Faxmce,  Fauns 

Fawcett,  Faucett.Faucit,  Fauset.  Fausett,  Fausset,  Fawsett 

Faxon,  Faxen,  Faxin,  Faxson,  Faiton 

Fay,  Favs 

Fell,  Fells 

Fellows.  Fellow 

Felt,  Feltch,  Felteh,  Felts,  Felt! 


5.7 
5.S 
i* 

S.8 

S.2 
S.9 
£.6 
8.0 
4.5 

6.0 
6.1 
5.7 
6.3 
6.7 
5.9 
51 
fi.9 
10.2 
6.7 
5.6 
5  7 
5  0 
5.0 
4.9 
5.5 
5  4 
6.6 
6.2 
5.8 
5  6 
5.3 
5.4 
5.4 
5.8 
0.8 
5.2 
6.2 
6.3 
6.0 
6.9 
6.0 
5.4 
6.4 
7.0 
7.3 
6.1 
5.2 
6.0 
6.« 
5  0 
4.5 
5.4 

A.O 
4.7 
11.0 
5.1 
5.7 
6.3 
5.4 
7.1 
5.2 

4.9 
6.1 
5  8 
6.6 
6.5 
6.2 
7.0 
5.1 
5.1 
6.5 
6.5 
5.7 
5.5 
A.  4 
5  2 
5.4 
5.6 
4.9 
6.1 
7.0 

5  8 
58 
4.4 

6.5 
6.4 
7.1 
5.6 
6.8 


74 

503 

14 

25 

87 
18 
92 
29 
147 
57 
26 
42 
10 
22 
469 
641 
82 
22 
76 
93 
66 
17 
145 
207 
200 
24 
22 
79 
31 
35 
79 
31 
23 
45 
28 
22 
20 
26 
17 
15 
17 
61 
26 
90 
25 


28 
110 
104 
21 
36 
44 
28 
46 
6.S 
136 
127 
72 
67 
77 
22 
80 
48 
55 
29 

122 
19 
23 
20 
88 
37 

104 
41 


84 
134 
221 
476 

261 

362 

2,058 

08 


438 

92 
432 
154 
694 
279 
102 
204 

92 

125 

2,164 

2,635 

330 

87 
300 
409 
244 

96 
760 
991 
910 
103 

97 
346 
160 
203 
330 
160 
121 
226 
166 
110 
116 
141 
102 

96 

86 
268 
101 
417 
101 
3,126 
170 

,021 
81 

210 
81 
80 

181 

128 
86 

606 

116 
144 

674 
473 

05 
181 
264 
126 
186 
318 
616 
598 
325 
364 
324 

96 
363 
186 
282 
174 


91 
79 
100 
476 
224 
477 
195 


BSAM  or  VAimiBS. 


10 


64 

14 

11 

1 

3  16 


21 


20 


33 

33  I  49 


3 

6  78 
0   6 


12 
24 

1 
6 
10 
20 
8  '  41 
13  ,  26 
7  :  9 
24 


3  34 

S 

9  '  18 
7   3 


30 
1  13 


...I  18 
16  54 


1 
8 

4   2 
1   4 

48  73 

14 

22 

27 

'i'  39 
4  1 
3 
1 
... 

S 

1 

80 
40 

22  I... 
22 


18 


24 


3  37  ' 
...  10 


8  24 
2  22 


30  21 
9 

19 
S 

II 
3 


18 


14 


13 


6 
3 
48 


240 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


T.BLE  111  -NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


, 

o 

i 

TOTAL. 

HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 

NAME. 

o 
1 

w 

a 
a 

o 

5 

6 
■1 

6 

1 

1 

a 

J 

B 
i 

•6 
1 

1 

1 

s 

1 

16 

1 

OS 

'i 
> 

a 

a 

1 
4 
3 
6 
11 

i 

1 
1 
3 
1 
2 

2 

a 

> 

a 
u 
1 

a 
1 

0 
OQ 

Felttr / 

6.6 
5.2 
5.5 
5.9 
5.0 
5.7 
5.3 

5.6 
5.4 

6.6 

6.0 
5.9 
6.8 
6.1 
6.2 
6.1 
5.8 
5.1 
5.5 
5.7 
5.0 
5.2 
5.8 
6.0 
5.4 
6.1 
5.6 
5.9 
5.6 
6.1 
5.9 
5.5 

5.4 
5.0 
5.7 
5.5 

5.5 
5.9 
5.6 
6.1 

5.8 
5.6 
4.4 
6.1 
4.8 
6.8 
6  0 
C.4 
5.5 
5.5 
6.5 
5.2 

5.4 
5.3 

6.3 
5.8 
5.7 
6.1 
6.3 
5.8 
5.7 
6.8 
6.9 
6.2 
4.6 
5.3 
6.6 
5.4 
5.1 
5.3 
5.5 
5.5 
6.9 
6.0 
5.6 
5.6 
4.S 
5.7 
5.7 
5.1 
6.6 
6.6 
6.1 

18 
63 
26 
40 
62 
40 
20 

324 
65 

49 

170 

65 

29 

18 

339 

20 

21 

50 

23 

29 

27 

24 

131 

52 

111 

40 

129 

222 

670 

189 

191 

52 

71 
39 
23 
91 

40 
71 
24 
20 

186 

240 
43 

134 
43 

100 
91 
16 
53 
72 
22 
62 

129 
34 

28 

73 

28 

33 

174 

112 

383 

19 

16 

92 

84 

41 

45 

53 

23 

91 

830 

64 

30 

35 

447 

323 

32 

19 

46 

137 

77 

189 

22 

100 
224 
117 
197 
249 
186 
86 

1,494 
289 

272 

857 
321 
168 
91 
1,761 
101 
101 
204 
102 
135 
107 
100 
623 
262 
489 
202 
587 
1.092 
2,626 
954 
943 
232 

311 
154 
108 
409 

178 
346 
111 
81 

887 
1,094 
145 
683 
163 
480 
363 
86 
240 
325 
120 
261 

561 
148 

147 
353 
131 
168 
917 
535 

1,802 

91 

95 

479 

299 

175 

207 

230 

95 

391 

3,771 
245 
148 
140 

2, 061 

1,476 
121 
89 
211 
562 
347 
870 
111 

Felton,  Feltin 

1 

"4' 
"5' 

38 

10 
3 

3 
3 

27 

1 

3 

29 

8 

2 

18 

28 
10 

6 

3 

?, 

Ferguson/Fargiirson,  Fargusen,  Farguson,  Farguhaison,  Fergason,  Fergerson.  Ferpison,  Fer- 
gueson,  Fergusson,  Forgason.  Forgerson.  Forgeson.  Forgison,  Forgason,  Fiirgason,  Furgerson, 

7 

7 

3 
3 

6 

8 

1 
1 

16 

1 

2 

7 
23 
24 

1 

4 
1 

4 

40 
11 

1 

71 
2 

61 
4 

65 
5 

10 

11 
24 

55 
9 

1 

13 

60 
32 

27 

? 

Ferrin.'rarran,  Farrand,  Farren,  Farron,  Ferran,  Fenand,  Ferren,  Ferrend,  Ferring,  Ferrins, 

8 

1 

12 

1 

Ferris.  Faires,  Fains,  Fairiss,  Fans,  Fariss,  Farras,  Fames,  Farris,  Farrise,  Farrist,  Fearis, 

12 

1 

13 

1 

2 

1 

2 
36 

15 
29 

1 
22 

1 
3 

TiplH    Fp-i1H«5    Fpild    Fpiiri*;   Fialds  Fielder  Fields                                     

15 

18 

28 

79 
2 
3 

23 

26 

5 
10 

38 
"2 

20 

7 

"2 

"5" 

3 

45 

1 

6 

1 
3 

1 

7 

1 

15 

15 

2 

8 

7 

26 

53 

3 

23 

7 

189 

5 

6 

6 

18 
8 
14 

4 

.... 

3 

5 
10 

f 

Filf    FilpQ    Filk    Fik                                                                                                                  

3 

'se' 

17 

3 

s 

5 
29 
61 
12 
26 

1 

7 
3 
2 
2 

3 
2 

1 
14 

12 
6 
9 

17 

2 

5 

Fillpv    Filpv    Fitlv    Phili                                                                                                                     

16 
30 

2 

6 
15 
16 
38 

9 
13 
86 

2 

2 

Pinch                                                                                             

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 
4 
6 
4 
1 
5 
55 

11 

1 
7 
5 
7 

'33' 

11 
2 
13 

1 
6 
6 
40 
1 
3 
3 

5 
6 
4 

4 

4 

Fint    Finpk                                                                                                                       

2 

2 
3 

8 
16 
25 
17 
18 

3 

It 

1 

Finnpr  Finpv  Finnp  Finnie  Finnv  Phinev  Phinnev.  Phinny         ..            

16 
7 

10 
3 
7 
7 

6 

2 
3 

27 
19 
6 
4 

4 

38 
85 
106 
101 
34 
21 

4 
25 

1? 

1 

1 

Fi<;h    Firh      '                                                                     

1 

9 

1 

3 
2 

12 

4 

1 
1 

11 
12 
2 

1 

9 

1 

? 

Fitzgerald,  Fichgerrel,  Fitchgearald,  Fitchgerrel,  Fitsgarrel,  Fitsgerald,  Fitsgerel,  Fitsgorrel, 
Fitsjarald,  Fitsjerald,  Fitts  Gerald,  Fitzarrell,  FitzgaraUl,  Fitzgarrold.  Fitzgearld,  Fitzgeral, 
Fitz  Gerald,  Fitzgerrald,  Fitz  Gerrald,  Fitzgerrel,  Fitzgerrold,  Fitzjairald,  Fitzjarald,  Fitz- 
jerald                                                                                                           .-            

■; 

6 

1 

59 

Flagg  Flag,  Flogg                                                                              .                             

3 

10 

8 

1 

5 

'> 

Flanagan,  Flanaghan.  Flanagin,  Flanakin,  Flanegan,  Flanigan,  Flanigin,  Flanikin,  Flarmagan, 
Flanna'^in   Flaunegan.  Fiannegeu,  Flarmegon,  Flanningham 

10 
2 
13 

11 

^ 

2 

60 

2 

3 

1 
2 

7 
81 

3 
51 
11 
10 
15 

Fleck ,  Flaake,  Flake,  Fleak 

1 

2 
4 

21 
15 
5 
4 
4 
4 
6 

4 

"> 

Fleet                           ...... 

Fleming,  Fleeming,  Fleman,  Fleraans,  Flemen,  Flemin,  Flemmin,  Flemming,  Flemmings, 
Flemmon,  Flemon,  Flemons,  Flemyng,  Fliming,  Floraing,  Fluming                     .        

1 
23 
2 
7 
5 

'33' 

1 

14 

11 

3 

17 

"7' 
1 
2 

66 
19 
5 
1 
3 
26 
3 
4 
3 

17 
11 
4 
6 
3 
9 
6 

36 

20 

6 

6 

5 

27 

27 

5 

4 

1 

■>? 

Fletcher,  Flecher,  Flitcher. 

9 
2 
19 

6 

Flinn,  Flin,  FIvn,  Flvnn,  PUyn 

fi 

Flint,  FIvnt 

3 

Flood.  Flod,  Flud 

5 

7 
5 

11 

Flovd,  Fflovd,  Floid,  Floyde 

4 
6 
2 
33 

25 

Flv,  Phlv 

Fobes,  Forbis,  Forbus 

1 
34 

1 

21 

1 

14 

3 
2 

4 

Fogg 

1 

Fogle,  Fogal,  Fogel,  Foghel 

11 

61 

9 
2 

2 

0 

Folger,  Folgor,  Foulger 

61 

8 

6 
2 

3 

33 

1 
23 

Folk,  Faulk,  Faulks,  Fawkes,  Fawlkes,  Foalks,  Foike,  Folks,  Foulk,  Foulke,  Foulks,  Fowke, 
Fowikes 

4 

Follet,  Follett 

3 

"7" 

11 

6 

62 

5 

1 
1 

7 

18 
1 
1 

5 

1 

Follinsbe,  Fallansbe,  Fallenshee,  Folansbee,  Folemsby,  Folensbee,  Folensby,  FoUambe,  Fol- 
lansbe,  Follenshee,  FoIIinsbee 

Folsom,  Falsom,  Folsome,  Folsum 

2 
3 

Foltz.  Foils 

6 
31 
IB 
10 
32 
14 

14 

1 

14 

13 

26 

2 

3 

20 

7 

2 

16 

1 
1 
4 
4 
75 

4 

Fonda,  Fonnada 

Foot,  Foote,  Fout,  Fouts,  Foutz 

4 

1 

18 

6 
1 
13 

13 
5 

7 

1 

23 
31 
56 

"i' 

77 
14 
60 

1 

2 

32 

15 

30 

23 

1 

3 

17 

13 

8 

7 

26 

Forbes,  Forbs 

Ford,  Foard,  Foord,  Foords,  Forde,  Fordes,  Fords,  Fourd 

Fordhara,  Fordam,  Fordom,  Foredom 

1 

Fore,  Foore 

'26' 
6 

16 
4 
1 

8 
15 
29 

3 

4 

1 

2 

Forpman,  Foremon,  Forman,  Fourman 

17 
3 
1 
8 

20 
2 

1 

Forrest,  Forest,  Forist,  Forress,  Forriss,  Forust 

5 

3 

9 
2 

1 

1 

12 

9 

Forrister,  Forester,  Forister,  Forrester,  Forristor 

1 

1 

Forsythe,Foresyth,Forsaith,Forscyth,  Forseyth,  Forslght,  Forsith,  Forslthe,  Forsyth,  Forsythes. 

4 

1 

Fort,  Fourt >          J     >          ^ 

3 

Fosdick,  Fosdike 

2 
31 

45 
4 

7 

Foss,  Fose 

68 
50 

1 

68 

ie' 
2 

30 
84 

3 
16 
28 
27 
33 

8 

1 
40 
14 

Foster,  Farster,  Faustar,  Fauster,  Forster,  Fosster,  Fosters,  Fostor 

32 
2 

265 

20 

35 
2 

82 
9 

105 
8 

51 
10 
6 

37 

Fountain,  Fontaine,  Fontaines,  Fountaine,  Fouutln,  Founton 

5 

Foust,  Foost 

S 

Fowle,  Fowl,  Fowles,  Fowls 

3 
13 

6 
10 

1 
27 
16 

4 

1 
10 
10 

25 

72 
20 
4 

1 

21 

1 

1 
63 

73 

'sh' 

39 
1 

1 
7 
9 
13 
10 
1 

46' 
26 

2 

1 

1 

8 

5 
31 

1 
22 
20 

3 

"s 

15 
5 
42 

Fowler,  Fauler,  Fouler,  Fowlar,  Fowlers 

28 
20 
3 

1 

Fox 

Q 

Fov,  Fove 

2 

Frame,  Fraira,  Frain 

France,  Franch 

1 
7 

Francis,  Frances.  Francies,  Franciss,  Franses,  Frauncis. 

1 
3 

25 
4 
9 

18 

2 

"19' 

31 
1 

7 

1 

6 

8 

24 

1 

Q 

Frank,  Franob.  Franck.  Franke,  Franks 

Franklin,  Franklin^'.  Iranklvn 

0 

9 
2 

24 

Frary,  Frairey,  Frara,  Frarey 

Table  111.- 


GENERAL  TABLES.  041 


Frate,  Frate,  Fratts 


Frazicr  Frafsor,  Frakoi-;  FraisylVrVFralzcr;  Frii^c'rVFiush'erV  FVi)"hleV,FniiiOT '  Fraslor'  Ftiaun 
Brasvlor   Fraysor   Frayjipr.  Frazair,  Frazer,  Fnuir,  Frajlre,  p^/^/ ""'"•»■  ™>">'' •■  """f*- 


Frpderlck,  Fraienrick,  Fri-dcric,  Fredrick 

Free 

Frpeland,  Frcclan,  Frcland ...\\....\\....[ 

Fropinan,  Freomon,  Frenian [  

Fri'cze,  F'rca.sc,  Frees,  Frccso 

French ,  Frenleh '/' 

Frcrc,  Freear,  Freer 

Frick.  Frlcke,  Frlcks V.'.'. 

Friend,  Freind,  Frend 

Frink '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' 

FrLslile.  Frisbe,  Frisbec,  Frisbcy,  Frisb v 

Fritz,  Frit,  Frits 

Frizell.  Frisell.  FrIsscI,  FrisseU,  Fritel,  FrizzeiyFrizielY/Friizlo 

Frost,  Fraust,  Frostt 

Frothlneliam 

Fry.  Frey.  Frve,  Phrv i!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Fryer,  Frair,  Frairs,  Freacr,  Frear,  Frcycr,  Frrar/FricV/iVyar,' Fryers."  Frvor"' 

Fiilford •      '     •      J      f      J      ■ 

Fuller.  Fullar,  Fullear,  Fullicr '.'.'. 

Fullcrton 

Fulmer,  Fullmer,  Fulmore,  Fulncr... 

Fulton,  Fiillloii,  Fallen,  Fultin ."!!.'!!!."." 

Funk.  Funck ] 

Furber.  Ferber,  Ferebee,  Furbur !!!!!!.!!!!.!! 

Fu  r  h  u  s  h .".!!!!!.!.!!.!' 

Furman,  Fureman !."*.*.'.".'."".".'.' 

Furnald,  Fernald,  Fernalld,  Furnal.  Furnall... ........'.'..'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Fumass,  Furnaie.  Furness,  Fumis,  Furnish,  Funilss 

Futrill,  Futrall 


Cable,  Cahhel.  Gabble,  Gabel 

Ga'Idis,  Gaddes,  Gaddice,  Gadis,  Geddes,  Geddis,  Qedis. 

GaKB. 


Gains,  Gain,  Gaine,  Gaines,  Ganes,  Geans.. 

Gale,  Gael,  Gall,  Gale.s,  Gayle,  Gavles !!'.!!".!'!!!'"! 

Oallaher,  Galaher.  Galeher,  Galleher,  Gallehew,  Galiilier,  OalioW/Oelaher,  Oolliar,  Oollerber 

Oolliher,  Gollihor 

Gallop,  Oallep,  Gallup,  Galop ]"l"\.\\.[.. ..'......'.'.'..  ". 

Galloway,  Oalaway,  Galiway,  Gallaway,  Galleway,  Oalliway,  Oaliowary,  Qailoway,  dalway, 

Golawav 


Gal  pin,  Gulpen.  Galphin '/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 

Galusha,  tiallusha,  <iela.>!hee.  Golcshir,  Gullshau !..!.!!!!!!..!!!!..!!.".!!!! 

Gamble,  Gamliall.  Gamhel.  Gambell,  Gambol,  Gimbold .....'...'....... 

Gammon,  Gamman,  Gammons,  Gamon.  Ga\-man.  Gebraan,  Geiman,  Gimman,  Oiimans,  Ovmcin. 

Gant.  Gants,  Oantt,  Gantz.  Gaunis.  Gent.  Gontz... ' 

Gardner,  Gadner,  Gardeneer,  Gardener,  Gardenor,  Oardlnecr,  Gardiner,  Gurdiners,  Gardnier, 

Gardnir,  Gardnor,  Gardn',  Gartiuer,  Gartner,  Guardner 

Gar¥v,  Gairev,  Gairv,  Garrv,  Gary 

Garneld,  Galieild,  G'ameid.Gamil,  Garfeild,  Gearficld,  GolTield '. 

Garland,  Garlaiil,  Garlind 

Oarlock,  Garlach,  Garleck,  Garlic,  Oarlick,  Gerlach 

Gamer,  Garnar,  Gamier,  Garaur 

Garnett,  Garnet 

Garrett.  GareK,  Garit,  Garrat,  Garratt,  Garret.  Garrit,  Garrot,  Carroll,  Gerrit,  Gerritt. 

Garrison,  Garlson,  Garisson,  Garitson,  Garr«tson,  Garretl.son,  Garrlsson,  Garrit^oD,  Gerison, 

Gerrison,  Gerritson 

Garvin,  Garven 

Gasklns,  Gasken,  Gaskin,  Gaskjcg,  Gaskings,  Gaskinn,  Geskin,  Geskins 

Gaston,  Gasten,  Gastin,  Oesting,  Oostio,  Gusten,  Gustin,  Gustlon,  Guston 

Gates,  Gaites,  Gate 

G  atewood ,  Gat  wood 

Gather,  Gaither,  Gathe,  Gathir .' 

GallinK,  Gatlen,  Gatlin 

Gauli,  Gald,  Gait,  Golt ; 

Gavit,  Gavett,  Gavitt,  Govett,  Govit 

Gay 

Oaylor,  Gailer,  Galler,  Gallow,  Galor,  Oayler,  Gcaler,  Gellor,  Goylor,  Guellow 

Gavlord,  Gallard,  Gailerd,  Gaillard,  Galard,  Gallard,  aalliard,  Gallode,  Gallord,  Oaylard,  Gllard,  ; 

(iillard,  Gllliard ' 

Geary,  Gcrrv,  Gery,  Guerry 

Gebbart,  Oibbart,  Glbliet,  Gibbut,  Gibert 

Geo,  Gea,  Gehe 

Geer,  Gear,  Gears,  Geers,  Gehr,  Geir,  Geirs,  Gier.  Giers 

Gei^er,  Geigar,  Gieger,  Gigar,  Giger,  Oigher,  Guiger,  Gyger,  Gyglr,  Oygor , 

Gentry,  Gentrey 

George,  Georg,  Georges,  Jorge 

Gerhart,  Garebart,  (^.earhart,  Gearhert,  Geerlieart,  Gebrbart 

German,  Gennain,  Germaine,  Germen 

Gcrrard,  Garrard.  Georid,  Gerard,  Gerhard,  Gorod,  Gerrad,  Gerred,  Geuranl,  Glmrd,  Qlreud, 

Giroud,  Guerard 

Gerrish,  Garish,  Garrish,  Gerish ■ 

Getty,  Gatles.  Galtis,  Gettes,  Gettess,  Gcttoys,  Octtis,  Gottys 

Geyer,  G  u ver,  G j-er •  •  •  • ; 

Gibbons,  Gibans,  Giblwns,  Gibbins,  Gibbions,  Gibbon,  OibooDS,  Oibcmo,  Oiblos 

Oibl)s,  Gib,  Oibb,  Gibbes,  Oilxs,  Gibs 

Gibson,  Gibsons 

Olddlngs,  Giiidig,  Gidlngs,  Giltings,  Gittins 

Gideons,  Gediou,  Giddcons,  Gideon,  Gidion,  Gidions 

Gillin,'GitTcn,  Giifens.Glfhiis.. 

Gillord,  Giflard,  Giflords 


7.0 

4.9 
0.« 
».7 
CI 
S.O 
t.S 
fi.5 
SO 
i.S 
i.i 
S.  1 
S.S 
8.9 
S.S 
S.  7 
6.1 
6.0 
S.S 
0.2 
8.  A 
4.S 
0.2 
8.7 
6.2 
0.2 
S.S 
S.7 
5.4 
S.S 
S.l 

S.S 
4.8 
6.0 
8.7 
0.1 

5.2 
0.2 

54 
50 
09 
54 
57 
8.1 

50 
57 
54 
58 
5  0 
5  0 
S.4 
56 

59 
54 
59 
&4 
6.0 
5.7 
&3 
50 
0.0 
6.1 
&0 
8.1 

6.2 
4.7 
&2 
52 
50 
6.7 

a2 

57 
6i2 

&6 

52 

6. 'J 

s.:i 

8.S 
6.  1 
S. -t 
8.7 
8.8 
7.1. 
0.1 
6.0 
0.4 


200 
61 
18 
32 

394 
34 

4«8 
86 
20 
36 
61 
74 
34 
36 

237 
27 

231 
61 
20 

880 
43 
38 
92 
70 
20 
42 
33 
03 
21 
21 

23 
28 

124 
70 

104 

34 

74 

09 
20 
17 
70 
44 
82 


43 
3S 
70 
26 

107 
25 

163 

119 
23 
64 
03 

260 
24 
30 
32 
33 
23 

148 
32 

74 
48 
18 
44 
92 
42 
31 
240 
27 
38 


787 
301 

84 

104 

1,798 

;.'i2 

2,180 

287 

98 
176 
268 
333 
107 
101 
124 

i:<8 

l,l.'iS 
231 
103 

2,KS6 
162 

loe 

430 
3i'>5 
IM 
190 
ISO 
276 
101 
86 

104 
94 
024 
300 


143 
385 


91 
100 
307 
208 
213 


201 
163 
343 
119 
497 
109 
749 

688 

101 
202 
277 
,242 
113 
164 
128 
184 
118 
731 
131 

382 
179 
94 

IS5 
461 
197  ' 

it»  : 

1,116  ' 
140 
ITIJ 


146  I 


113 
7S3 


UEAIU  or  rAMIUEx. 


80 


;.,! 


u 


1  2,-. 

^? 

■  ,r 

'."' 

■.'^ 

ii' 
43 

.... 

0 
13 
6 

10 

II 

1 

1 

2 

1 
0 

"a 

3  . 

1  . 
1  , 

13 


17  14 
3   3 


1 

6 

80 

1 

8  . 
15 


84 


3  40   2  '  If   1   2 


27  12s 
2 


a  1  ai.... 

6  '  70  '  13 


II  17 


IS 


1 

in 

... 

■2 

1 

a 

H 

1 

4 

i 

1 

i 

3 

6 

a 

7 

io 
3 

7 
s 


13 
1 


at 
I 

4 

16 
5 


19 

3 


10 

8 
9 
IS 

a 
1 

s 


a 
2 

2 
.'4 

00 


242 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  111.— NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Gilbert.  Gilbart,  Gilberts,  Gilbirt 

Gilbreath,  Gailbraith,  Galbraeth,  Galbraith,  Galbreath,  Gilbraith,  Gilbreth,  Gillbreath,  Gill- 

breth.  Gulbreath 

Gilchrist,  Gelchrist,  Gilchrest,  Gilchriston,  Gilchrust,  Gilcrest,  Gilcrist,  GUIchriest,  Gillchrist. . 
Gildersleave,   Gilderslave,  Gilderslea,  Gildersleaves,  Gildersleeve,   Gildersleeves,  Gildersleve, 

Gildensleaf. 

Giles,  Gile,  Jiles 

Gilford.  Gill/ord,  Guilford,  Gulliford 

Gill.  Gills,  Guil,  Guild,  Guill 

GUleland,  Gellelan,  Gileland,  GiUalan,  Gillaland,  GiUelan,  Gillelin,  Gillerland,  Giiliian,  GiUi- 

land,  Gillilen,  Gillilin,  GiUilins,  Gillilon 

Gillet,  Gillat,  Gillett,  Gillit,  Gillitt,  Jcllet,  JiUet,  JilUtt. 


Gilliam.  Gilham,  Gillam,  Gillham,  Gillim,  Gillom,  Gillum,  Guiliams... 

Gillis,  Gillies.  Guillis '..'.'.'.'.'.'. 

GiUispie,  Galaspey,  Galaspie,  Galaspv,  Galespe,  Galespev,  Gaiisba,  GaUaspie,  Gailespie,  Gel- 
aspey,  Gelaspy,  Gellaspie.  Gellaspy,  Gellespee.  Gellespie,  Gilasby,  Gilaspey,  Gilaspy,  Gil- 
espie,  GiUasby,  Gillaspey,  Gillaspie,  GiUaspy,  Gillesby,  Gillespey,  Gillespie,  G'illespv,  Gillispi, 
Gillospy ,  Glaspy ,  Golaspee ' 

Gilman,  GilLman,  Gilmon 

Gilmore.  Gillmoore.  Oillmor,  Gillmore,  Gilmer,  Giliuor,  Giimour 

Gil  Patrick,  Gelpatriek,  Gillpatrick,  Gilpatrick 

Gilson,  Gillson 

Ginn,  G in,  Gyn,  Gynn "[[[[[[[]]'.[ 

Gipson  


Gist,  Geist,  Gesst,  Gest,  Gests,  Gevst,  Guest,  Guist. 

Gitchel,  Gatchall,  Gatchel,  Gatchell,  Getchell,  Gitcbell,  Gotchiej.  Gutchel 

Givens,  Oavan,  Gaven,  Gavin,  GavinR,  Gavon.  Geven,  Gevin,  Civan,  Givans,  Given,  GiVenn 
Givin,  Givms,  Given.  Givons.  Givvins,  Govan,  Guivens 

Gladding,  Gladden,  Gladdin,  Gladdon,  Gladen,  Glading,  Gl'edden,  Gloding 

Glasgow,  Glaseo.  Glascoe,  Glascow,  Glasgo,  Glassco,  Glasseow 

Glass,  Glas,  Gloss 

Glazier.  Glaizer,  Glaser,  Glasher,  ciasier,  Glasser,' GJazer," Glisser,"  Gloshcr 

G  eason.  Glason,  Gloasson,  Gleazen,  Gleazon,  Gleeson,  Gleson,  Glesson,  Glezen,"diezon 

Glenn,  Glen,  Gleyn,  Glinn,  Glins,  Glynn...  

Olidden,  Gliddon,  Gliden,  Glidon..  .  .  

Glover 

Goddard,  Godard,  Goddart,  Godderd,  GodWd,  Goodard.Gdodhard,'  Goodhart,"  Goodheart ' ' ' 
Godfrey,  Godferey,  Godfree.  Godfry,  Goodferrey,  Goodfrey 

Godin,  Godden,  Goddin,  Godding 

Godshall,  Godshal,  Godshalk,  Godshalt,  Godsheli,  Goodshui. 


gTs^G  "'*"''*'  °*"°"'  ^''''"'  ^''"^''  '^'<=""'  GiUott,  Gollatt,  Guilatt,  Guliet,'  Gullit'. 


Goa,  Gaaff,  GaS,  Gaft,  Gaufl,  Gaugh,  Gawf,  Goafl,  Goffe,  Goft,  Goph,  Gough,  Goughf 

Going,  Goan,  Ooans,  Goin,  Goings,  Goins,  Goinz  '      i-  -         6>""us"'.. 

Gold,  Goald,Gole.  


Golding,  Gilden,  Golden,  Gol'din,'  Goidon.Gouiding 

Goldsmith 

Gooch .  Goueh 

Good,  Goode,  Goods 

Goodale,  Godall,  Goodall.  Goodals.Goodei.  Goodeli" '" 
Gooden.  Goodan,  Goodhan,  Goodin,  Gooding 
Goodenow,  Goodenough,  Goodino,  Goodner,  Goodnow' 
Goodhue. 


joodman,  Goodmon . .  

Ooodsell,  Goodsale,  Goodsali,"  GoodVei;  Goodsiie,"  Goodsiil 

Ooodson 


joodspeed,  Goodspead 

Goodwin,  Godwin,  Goodwine,'  Goodwinn,"  Goodwyn 

Gore,  Goar,  Goare 

Gorham,  Ghoram,  Ghorum,  Goram,  Goreham 

Gorman,  Garman,  Garmin,  Garmon,  Gormon     

Gorsuch.  Garsoeh  


Goslin,  Gaslin,  Gauslin',  GauslingV  GooslinVGosline',  Gosling',  Gossitai" " 
Goss,  Oaus,  Gause,  Gaws,  Ghoss,  Gosse  ,  ^  "^ime,  uossimg.. 

Gotfoof '^'"'''  '^'^''"'"'  '^'^"'■'  '5»^<"'  «ossit,"GossitV,Guset.';;;;:::: 


Gouw';'G'lor5oSdrG'juP"'^'''''°''''^*^''^^^^^^^^^ 

Gove,  " 


Gowen,  Gouen,  Gotj'n,'  Giwan",  Gowin;  Goiirtng.GowiiV 

Gozzard,  Gasserd,  Gossart  ^y«ia 

Gr^y,  Gmdey  .';'^''.  ".'^"'''  °''^'"^'  '^''''^''  '°"^-  «'^^^'  «'«=' «««« :;:::::;::::::::: 

Graff",  Graefl,  Graf,  Graffe;  GrauV;  Oreaf,'  Greaff 

Grafton _  _ .  


Gragg,  Grag,  Graig,  Graige,' Greego 


Gr^^^am,  Grahame,  Grahams,  Grahms.  Grmne,-  Grames;  G-rayham;  Gmyhams;  Greh-ani,-  Greyl- 

Grandy,  Grandee 

Granger,  Grainger,  Graneger,  Grenger 

Granis,  Graniss,  Orannis. .  

Grant,  Grante,  Grants 

G  rani  ham,  G  ran  turn . .  

ofa;"1iS:G?;:^'^^^''^='^'''°'"™^'^'^'^^-«rteVes:;::;::::::-  

^gS^'!^'"^'  "^^"'.^':"': °^^^'^:  ^^yW''  G^^bble;  Greblii;-Grible;-Gr;=ybiu;  Grobii.;- 


^(^'ii^^:^^:'!^:^:^^^:^^- 


6.7 
5.9 

5.0 
5.3 
5.5 
S.G 

5.7 
5.8 
5.G 
4.9 


5.3 
5.8 
5.6 
6.3 
5.2 
6.0 
5.5 
6.1 
6.0 

5.6 
5.9 
5.0 
6.4 
5.2 
6.0 
5.2 
8.1 
5.6 
5.7 
5.2 
5.3 
6.1 
6.9 
6.1 
5.6 
5.8 
4.9 
6.7 
5.7 
5.4 
6.2 
5.9 
5.4 
6.6 
6.3 
5.6 

5.9 
4.9 
5.6 
6.0 
6.7 
6.9 

5.6 
6.5 
5.0 
5.0 
6.0 
4.8 
5.7 
5.6 
6.6 
5.5 
6.6 
6.6 
6.6 
5.4 
5.5 
6.2 
6.0 
5.3 
6.2 

5.4 
5.3 
5.1 
6.2 
5.6 
4.9 
5.3 
5.7 


6.5 
6.4 
5.6 


424 

57 
47 

28 
107 

28 
199 


156 
64 
32 


120 
159 
160 
22 
52 
IS 
24 
45 
55 

73 
45 
32 
81 
38 

114 

116 
29 

156 
91 

142 
22 
30 
15 
27 

130 
35 
46 
66 
62 
38 

131 

131 
50 
72 
56 

101 

244 

26 

21 

34 
427 

18 


270 
228 

112 
465 
127 
917 

226 
745 
290 
126 


397 
63 
87 
40 
28 
30 
80 
19 
29 
24 
342 
52 
54 
19 
53 
17 
38 
21 
47 

327 
24 
84 
19 

305 
21 

346 

668 


515 
756 
688 
117 
220 
90 
107 
229 
275 

339 
221 
127 
3.52 
161 
567 
484 
206 
721 
427 
694 

94 
153 

88 
139 
594 
169 
180 
377 
292 
167 
676 
638 
219 
333 
240 
462 

1,196 
101 
97 
165 
1,998 
89 


1,811 
349 
344 
168 
140 
115 
378 

88 
133 
108 
1,537 
293 
247 

84 
236 

89 
188 

91 
244 

1,430 

102 

343 

99 

1,399 

82 

1,491 

3,130 


35   193 

52   281 

1,205  5,569 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


33 


24 


67 


13 


13 


58  25 


14  14 
2   1 

18   7 


69 


3  24 
11  57 
1   2 


15  I  24 
30  61 


17 
4 
1  I  22 


19 


43 


62 


10 


9  60 

1 

14 

1 

32 


,---- 27   4 

1   8  I  2   _  

45  212  152  '  72  186  '  81  '  95 


87 


13 


16 
1 

17 
97  66 


14 
11 


33  29 
40  95 


10 
2 

12 
2 


14 
4 
4 
5 
1 

28 


24 
4 
10 


1 
8 
6 
3 

5 
2 

ii 

2 

1 


35 
4 


51 
14 


9 
3 

'2 

i 

43 
'4 

26 

i? 

50 


137  '  62 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


243 


Table  1 1 1.— NOMENCLATURE,  DEALIxNG  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Continued. 


Grecnfipid,  G recnfeild 

Greenleaf,  Grcanloaf,  Greanlief,  Grooleaf,  Grrcnliof 

Greenoiiph,  (Jreoncu,  Grocnhaugh,  Grecnhoo.  Greenhow,  Grpeno,  Greno,  Grenough 

Greenwpll,  Graniwolt,  Grecnawalt,  Grecnewall,  Grecnewalt,  Grecniwolt,  Greenwall,  Oreenwalt, 
Grenewalt,  Grenwcll 

Greenwood,  Greenwod 

Greer,  Grear,  Greere,  Greir,  Grcre,  Griar,  Grier 

Gregory,  Gragary,  Greegory,  Gregary,  Greggery,  Greggory,  Oregorey,  Gregrey,  Origgery,  Grig- 
gory,  Grigory,  Grigrey,  Grgory 

Grice,  Gryce 

Gridley. 


Griirm,  Oriflan,  Griflen,  Grifltog,  Griffins,  Griffn,  Griflng 

CrllBs,  Grifles,  Grifflss 

Griflith.Oreflcth,  Grifeth,  Grifleth,  Orifleths,  Griflllhs,  Grifflts,  Griffith,  Grifltb,  Griflths 

GriKKs.  Greg,  Gregg,  Greggs,  Gregs,  Greigs,  Grig,  Grigg,  Grigs 

Grim ,  G  rimm ,  G rims 

Grimes,  Glirimes,  (irihams,  Grrmes 

Grlndall,  Grandoll,  Gnndcll,  Orindel,  Grindle 

Grinman,  Greenman,  Grinmon,  Grinnum,  Gronman,  Grunman 

Grinnell,  GreeniH,  Orenai,  Grenell,  Grinai.  Grinall,  Grineil,  Grinnall.  Grinnel,  GrlBiiol,  Grunnel. 

Grisliam,  Grissam,  Grissham.  (irissom,  Grissum 

Griswold,  Greswold,  Griswald,  Griswall,  Griswell,  Griswould 

Groat. 


G rocsbeck,  Grossbeck,  Grouisbeck,  Grusbeck 

GroIT,  G  rofe,  GroITo,  Groof 

Groom .  Groome,  G roomos,  G rooms,  Grumes 

Gross,  Groase,  Groce,  Gros,  Grose.  Grosse 

Grosvtnor,  Grossvenor,  Orosvener,  Grovener,  Grovcnor,  Grovner 

Grout,  Groot,  Groti,  Grouts,  Grut 

Grove,  G roves,  G rovs 

Grover,  G roover,  Grovier 

Grow,  Groh,  Grows,  Growso 

Grubb,  Groobs,  Grub,  Grubbs,  Grubs 

Gruber,  Graber,  Greber.  Greeber 

Gubtaif,  Gabtale,  Gulitale 

Guernsey,  Oarnsev,  Gamsy,  Guensey,  Guimscy,  Gumsey,  Gunisway 

Guile,  Glehl,  Gilial,  Guiles,  Guyle 

Guion,  Gion,  Guing,  Guyon,  GyoD 

Gulley,  Gooly,  Gully 

G  unn  .Gun,  Ounce,  Guns 

Gunler.  Gonter 

Gurley,  Girley,  Gourley,  Gourly,  Ourly 

Gumev,  Guemev,  Gumee 

Guthrie,  Gooterie,  Gntbirev,  Gutherle,  Guther>-,  Guthired.  Guthre.  fiuthrey.  Guthry,  Qutorey, 

Gutree   Gutrie,  Giitroe,  (lutrv,  Gutterv,  Guttlierv.  fiuttree,  Gultrey,  Oultrie 

Gutridce,  Gutheridge,  Gutliridge,  Gutrage,  Gutridg,  Gutterage,  Giilterige,  Guttridge 

Gu v.  G ie ,  G uay ,  Guiy 

Guvton,  Gathen.  Gathin,  Gathings.  Gatoing,  Gallon,  Gayton 

Gwin,  Goowin,  Gucin,  Guin,  Guinn,  Guyn,  Guynn,  Gwecn,  Gwinn,  Gwins,  Owyn,  Gwync, 

G  wynn,  G wynne 


Haeket.  Haoate.  Ilackett 

ITaekney,  Haknev ••••• 

Ha'l<ien,  Haddari.  Haddin.  Haddon,  Hedden.  Heddin.  Heddon,  Heden 

nadlev,  Hadeley,  Hadly,  Headley,  Hcadly,  Hedley,  Hedly 

Hadloek.  Hadlouk 

Uagan,  Hagans,  Hagen,  Hagens,  Hagon,  Heagcn,  Heagon,  Heagons 

Hager.  Ilaga.  Hagar.  Heaga,  Heager • 

Hagemian,  Hagaman.  Hagamen,  Hagannan,  Hageman,  Bagirman,  Hagman,  Hegerman 

Hagiv.  Ilaggev.  Hagv.  Hegey 

Hagget,  Hageii.  Haggard,  Haggart,  Haggal,  Haggett 

Ilague.  Ilage,  Ilaig 

Haicht,  Ilait.  Ilaite,  Haiti.  Hayt 

Halhert,  Ilaltnid.  Ilallbert.  Helbert ....^.......... 

Hale,  nael.  Hail.  Hail.'.  Hailes,  Hails,  Hales,  Hayle,  Havles,  Hayls.Heyl.......^... 

Halev.  Haelev,  Ilailry,  llaiUey,  Haily,  Haly.  Hayley,  Hayligu,  Hayly,  HeaJey,  Healy 

Hall,' Halle,  ii.-vll.s.  Hawl ^wvrwv\:-\:ii;-c-r-^-u-- 

Hallenb<ck   Ilaleiibeck,  Hallenbach,  Hallenbeek,  Holembeck,  Holenhauch,  Holerback.  HoUen- 

bach.  Hollenliiick.  Hollenbagh,  HoUenbcck,  HoUenbuk,  Hollinback,  HoUinbeck,  Holloback, 

Hollowboh.  1  lolrabeck 

Hallet.  IhHo.t,  Hallete,  Hall<tt.  Hallhet,  Hawlcl 

Halloek,  Ilalliek.  Ilalork.  Hollick ;^-;:i^-:,--Wi^u\,-iiu-H 

Hallowell,  Hallowall.  Hallowcl,  HoUawel,  HoUawell,  HoUowcU,  HoUweU,  HoUywell 

Halsey,  Hallsi'v.  Ilalseey.  Holsay,  Holsey 

Halstead.  Halslal,  Halsted 

Hani.  Ilauiin.  llamn 

Ham  by.  Ilamhev.  Hembev,  Hemby ^- •••.■: v."*"i": i4 iV"  W i;""" 

Hamilton.  Hamb.  lion.  Hambilton.  Hambleton.  Hambllon,  Hameleton,  Hamcltcn,  Hamelton, 

Hamileion.  Hamnidton.  Hammillon,  Hemelton 

Hamlet,  Hamblet,  I famblett,  Hamlett 

Hamlin.  Hamblen.  FTaniblin.  Hamlen •.:,-i^-c-:,"i;'"'i:,'"^'"\:,'' 

Hammil,  Ilamble.  Hamol.  Ilamil.  Ilammell.  Hammill.  Hembell,  Hempble,  Hemple 

Hammer.  Hama.  Haniar.  Ilamarr.  Ilamer.  Ilammar  Hammers    y  Vi'--',; 

Hamraet,  Hammat.  Hammatt.  Hamm-tt,  Ihimm.i.  Hammitl.  ""mmot.  riemrnNt  .  .... 

Hammond.  Ilaman.  Hamman.  Hammand,  llammant.  Ilammen.  Hammon.  Hammonds,  Ham- 

mons.  Hamon.  ilamon<l.  Ilamons 

Hampton,  Hamton,  Hinipton 

Hanchett,  Hanchet,  Hanlchet,  Hanlichet ...^....... 

Hancock.  Hancok,  Handcock,  Hankok,  Hencock,  Hendcock 

Hand ,  Hands 

Handy.  Handoy.  Hendy 

HaniT,  Ilannar.  Hanner.  Hanners 

Hanford.  Handford,  Hansford 


«.7 
fi.2 
«.2 

S.6 
6.7 

5.8 

5.5 
4.4 
5.8 
5.8 
5.7 
5.4 
5.7 
5.2 
5.4 
6.0 
4.9 
5.2 
5.8 
5.7 
S  8 
6.6 
«.3 
5.8 
5.5 
7.5 
5.7 
5.9 
5.5 
6.1 
5.8 
8.7 
5.7 
5.6 
4.9 
5.8 
6.5 
5.5 
5.9 
8.7 
5.4 

5.7 
5.1 
6.8 
6.4 

4.6 

5.6 
6.5 
6.8 
6.6 
6.2 
5.2 
5.5 
6.8 
7.5 
4.7 
5.5 
6.5 
5.8 
5.8 
6.4 

s.e 


6.0 
6.8 
5.7 
6.8 
6.7 
6.2 
.^.9 
5.0 


5.5 
6.0 
5  4 
8.3 
5.5 
7.8 

6.8 
5.8 
6.8 
6.4 
5.4 
6.8 
6.4 
6.6 
6.1  I 


87 
32 

54 

75 
101 

262 
24 
50 

483 
25 

233 

153 
42 

190 
17 
32 
45 
22 

205 
22 
21 
29 
38 

109 
23 
42 

129 

110 
27 
56 
17 
18 
40 
25 
21 
16 
83 
25 
37 
48 

83 
20 
41 
23 

95 

70 
18 
28 

128 
17 
46 
(D 
49 
14 
26 
19 

121 
18 

402 

138 
1,478 


89 

67 
69 
60 
71 
66 
\fA 
22 

477 
29 

155 
30 
45 
34 

399 

77 
16 
156 
73 
88 
26 
43 
35 


166 
366 

165 

250 
354 
503 

1,183 
81 
240 

2,355 
118 

1,021 
723 
176 
841 
84 
125 
187 
106 
967 
127 
117 
153 
182 
487 
150 
198 
633 
499 
137 
257 
97 
85 
185 
98 
116 
88 
372 
122 
209 
213 


81 
238 
125 


316 
99 
135 
680 


BKADS  or  FAIOUES. 


U 


8A 

1,911 

608 

6,837 


449 

324 
327 
285 
337 
340 


2,153 

118  \ 

6»1 

M» 

230 


68  3* 


7 
.,21 

2*  13 


128 


ID  56 


23 


36  7 
67  1(M 
2 
18 
22 
6 
2 


34  I  29 


21  (6 

1   6 

63  33 

15   1 

346  105  107 

i 
I  I  71 

4  33 

5  60 


» 


1,807  j  36  13  17 

370,,....!....l... 

893 

324  . 
423 

140  '. 

189  . 

177  . 


113 

1 

3 
38 

3 
36 

I 

"i'l:: 


30 


3  3 

23  23 

8  IS 

104  127 


30 

8 


I  • 


244 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROAATH. 


Table  lll.-NOMEXCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESEXTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  W^ITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Hanlpv.  Handilv,  Handley,  Handly,  Hanlly 

Hannah,  Jl ana.'Hanah,  Hanna,  Hannahs,  Hannoh 

Hannon,  Ilanan,  Hanen,  Hanin,  Hannan,  Hannaon,  Hannens,  Hannin,  Hanon,  Hanoun 

Hannum,  Hannam 

Hansoum.  Hanscom,  Hanscomb *. 

Hansill,  Ilancel.  Hansal.  Hansel,  Hansell,  Hansil,  Hensal,  Hensel,  Hensell,  Hensle 

Hanson.  Handson.  Hansen,  Hansson 

Hapcood,  Habcood,  Hobgood 

Harbison,  Harbeson.  Herbison 

Hardonbergh.  Hardenber^he,  Hardenburg,  Hardenburgh 

Hardesty,  Hadest y.  Hardiesty,  Hardistay,  Hardister,  Hardisty 

Harding,  Harden .  Hardin 

Hardison,  Hardiston 

Hardman,  Hardeman,  Hardemon,  Hardiman,  Herdman 

Hard  wick,  Hardewiek.  Hardick.  Hardwich,  Heartwiek 

Hardy,  Hardee,  Hardoy,  Hardie,  Hardyes 

Hare,  Hair,  Haire.  Hairs,  Hares,  Heire 

Hargrove,  Hairgrove,  Hairgroves,   Haregrave,  Haregrove,  Hargrave,  Hargraves,  Hargreaves, 

Hargroves 

Harkins,  Uarkin,  Harking.  Herkin 

Harkness,  Hakness,  Harkniss 

Harley,  Harll-'p,  Harly 

Harlin,  Harlan,  Ilarland,  Harlen,  Harling,  Harlon 

Harlow,  Ilarloe,  Harlowe 

Hamion,  Ilamian.  Harmann,  Harmen,  Hannin,  Harmond 

Harness,  Hames,  Hamiss 

Harold,  Hareld,  Harolt,  Harrald,  Harrold,  Herold,  Herrald,  Herreld 

Harp,  Harpe 

Harper,  Harpar,  Harjiir,  Harpur 

Harrell.  Ilarrai,  Tlarrel.  Harril.  Harrill.  Herral 

Harridan,  Harradan,  Harrenden,  Harriden,  Harridon,  Heredin,  Herriden 

Harrington,  Harington,  Hearington,  Herington,  Herrington 

Harris,  Haris,  Hariss.  Harrace,  Harras,  Harres,  Harress,  Harrise,  ITarriss 

Harrison,  Hareson,  Harison,  Harisson,  Harreson,  Harrison,  Harrisson,  Herison ,  Herrison 

Harrod,  Harod,  Ilarrad,  Harrard,  Harred,  Herard,  Herod,  Herrad,  Herred,  Herrid,  Herrod 

Harry,  Harrev,  Ilarrvs,  Hary 

Hart,  Harte.  Harts,  llartt .  Heart ] .  ] ] 

Hartgrove,  Hardgrave.  Hardgrove,  Hardgroves,  Hartsgraves,  Heartgrove 

Hartley.  Hartly,  Ileartley,  Heartly 

Hartman.  Heaftman ' ' ' [[[""[[.][["[]][ 

Hartsel.  Hartsell.  Hartzel,  Hartzil.  Hertsel,  Hertzel,Herzel ..\........]\[..\[[.\\" 

Hartshorn,  Hartshome.  Heartshom,  Hortshom 

Hartwell ,  HartwiU ,  Heartwell [ '.'.'.'.'.'.'/. 

Harvey,  Harveey,  Harvie,  Harvy,  Hervey,  Hervy ., 

Harwood . 


Hasbrouck,  Hasbrauck.  Hasbrook 

Haskell,  Haseell.Haskal.  Haskall.  Haskcal.Haskel,  Hasidl,  HasMlV/HasskalV/HoVke^^^ 

Haskins,  Haskin.  Haskings,  Hasskins 

Haslip,  Haislep,  naselip.  Havslip,  Hazelip,  Heslip,  Heyslip... 

Hassell,  Hasel.  Hasell.  Hassel.  Hazzell,Hessel "     

Hastings.  Hasting,  Hastins,  Haystings 

Hatch,  Heatch [][[[[[[][[ 

Hatcher,  Hetcher 

Hatfield,  Hotfieid !!""!!!"'!! 

Hathaway.  Hathewav,  Hathway,  Hathwey .. ..'      

Hatton,  Hatton ,  Hatting 

Haun,  Haan,  Hahn,  Han,  Hann,  Hans,  Hawn,  Hoiin,  Hohne'  Hoiin' Hons 

Hauser,  Hausser 

Havens,  Haven,  ITavins !..."...!'.,....! 

Haviland   Haveland,  Haverland,  Havlaii,' Heaviland,' HevelanVHeveiand,'Heviiin 

Havner,  Havener,  Havener,  Heavener,  Heavner,  Heevner,  Hevener,  Heviner,  Hevner 

Hawes.  Haas.  Haase,  Haass,  Hass,  Hasse,  Haus,  Hause,  Hauze,  Haws,  Hawse,  Hawses 

Hawkins.  Hawkens,  Hawldn,  Hawkings  

Hawks,  Hauck,  Hauk.  Hawk,  Hawke,  Hawkes  

Hawley,  Halley,  Haliv,  Hawlley.  Hawlv,  Holley.  Holly  

Hawthorn,  Harthorn.  Hathom,  Hathorhe.  Hauthom  

Haycock,  Hacock,  H^acock,  Heacocks.  Hecock.  Hecox         

■^den'^Hevd^on'^'  ^^'^^°'  ^^^^^'  ^^^O"-  Haiden,  HaydonVHeadVii;  Headiii;  HeadonVHey- 

Hayford,  Hafard.  HaffordrHoffardVHoffkrtrHo^^    

Hayman,  Haymans.  Haymond,  Heyman .  


Haynio,  Hainey,  Hanpy.  Hanie,  Hany,  Heney. 


Hays,  Haise.  Haizi>,  Ilaso,  Hay,  Haye/HayesVHayse,' Haze!  Hey.' Meyes'' 
Hayward,  Ilaward.  Hpywad,  Heyward.    •''•''  '       ji-^oj-^- 


Haywood,  Hawood,  IlcVwood 

Hazard,  Hassard,  Hasza'rd,  Hazzard  

Hazen,  Hayson,  Hazens,  Hazon,  Hazzen  

Hazic,  Havsles,  Hazel,  Hazcll 

Hazlet,  Haslet,  Haslett,  Hazelet,  Haziett,  Heslet,"HVsii't.".' 

Head,  Heads 

Heald,  Heal,  Heel '.".;'. 

Hearii,  Heame,  Hern,  Hynie 

Heath,  Heathe,  Heth 

Heaton,  Heateu [ 

Hedges,  Hedge ] 

Heist,  Heiss,  Hise,  Hist,  Hyst 

Heller,  Heler,  Hellor,  Hellyer.  


HelUIe?"'^'"^'  "^"'""'  "''"'""=•  Hellims,  Helirns.Helliu^isVHelme",  Hetoe^.Heimn;  iiitas." 


6.4 
5.2 
6.0 
7.2 
5.3 
5.5 
5.3 
6.0 
6.1 
5.3 
5.7 
5.6 
5.8 
5.7 
6.0 
5.7 
6.1 

5.2 
5.5 
6.3 
6.2 
6.1 
5.8 
5.6 
6.5 
5.8 
4.3 
5.8 
5.5 
5.2 
5.7 
5.6 
5.3 
5.7 
6.3 
5.4 
6.7 
5.4 
5.9 
6.6 
6.0 
5.6 
5.3 
6.3 
6.4 
6.0 
6.2 
5.7 
5.2 
5.6 
5.7 
5.1 
6.0 
6.2 
4.5 
5.7 
5.0 
6.8 
6.1 
5.5 
5.8 
5.7 
6.6 
5.7 
6.0 
6.1 

5.6 
5.5 
6.6 

5.8 
5.1 
5.6 
6.2 
5.9 
6.0 

5.3 
6.3 
5.7 
6.4 
5.8 
5.2 
5.9 
5.8 
5.0 
5.4 
6.1 
5.7 
5.0 
7.0 
5.4 
6.5 


32 

126 

24 

17 

20 

22 

120 

29 

21 

20 

18 

318 

27 

20 

25 

199 

116 

53 
19 
30 
22 
49 
61 

185 
16 
32 
25 

207 

133 
21 

311 
l,0.f4 

374 
38 
33 

468 
15 
55 
86 
34 
64 
76 

356 
75 
33 

175 
61 
25 
30 

1.53 

285 
36 
29 

199 
33 
86 
23 

120 
47 
24 

1.37 

303 

114 

259 

48 

.  29 

169 
23 
21 

342 
110 
1)39 
118 
135 
94 

95 
43 
28 
29 
74 
31 
35 
217 
45 
56 
24 
20 
23 
19 
88 
20 


140 

526 

119 

105 

85 

98 

518 

145 

107 

85 

84 

1,464 

129 

93 

125 

933 

591 

223 

85 

159 

114 

252 

295 

8.W 

88 

152 

83 

994 

605 

89 

1,454 

4,730 

1,617 
180 
176 

2,043 
85 
241 
420 
186 
317 
346 

1,548 
394 
177 
872 
316 
118 
126 
705 

1,339 
146 
146 

1,041 
117 
407 
92 
578 
238 
107 
656 

1,423 
644 

1,210 
238 
147 

780 
104 
118 

1,632 

456 
2,431 

60S 

668 

473 

"(09 
230 
l.'?2 
156 
356  ; 
129 
170 
1,0.51 
179 
248 
123 

94 

92 
114 
387 
110 


46 


HEADS  OP  FAMILIES. 


78 


29 


36 


1  .... 
3 


3 
10 
9  ,  19 
10  50 


55 
1 
2 
7 

19  16 
8 


1  19 
8  .... 
5  ,  7 


7  57  82  I  21 
1  I....  27  5 
50  !  53  112  I  37 


:::-  I 

2  14 
4  1  3 


...   4 
11  i  19 

5  .... 

3  30 


14 


8 

1  I  5 

2  I  3 


5  1 

ill 

1  I 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


245 


Table  lU.-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  lOOWniTK  PERSONS   BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES.  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Continued. 


Hemmenway ,  naminway,  Ileamonway,  IlemeDway.IIenilngswBy,  Uemlngway.IIeminenisway 
liiMnmiii^way,  Ileiniiilnway 

llt'inpliill.  Haiiiphell,  Uaniphill ]"....]["...][]. 

Jleinsleiid,  IIanipsl«ad,  Ilainpsted  Jlempstead,  ilempsted]  iienstedVHomest^ 

Henderson,  llanderson,  ilciuiorson,  Uendrcson 

HendricksJlendefM-kJiendre*  k.liciKlricJiendrk'kJIendrlk.Hcndrii/ikendr^^^ 

Hendnck-sun,  ileiiderrickson,  lleiuirexson,  Heudrixson.  llcniickson 

Honing,',  lii'iian,  IloriPii.  llenin,  llcnlns,  Ilenuing,  Ilcnun,  Ilining,  Illnnlngs 

Henley,  HniKllcy,  IlcruUy.  Henely,  Uenly 

Henry,  llenary,  Henerey,  Heueries,  Henery,  Hennary,  Uoanerles,  HenneryiHeniiryl  llenrey, 
Henri. 


Henshaw,  Hinshaw [/^ 

Hensley,  nenselj',Hensly,  Hinesley.HlnscIy,  HInsley,  ninsly,  liynstey !!!!!!!!. 

Henson,  Hindson,  Hinson,  Hinston,  Hynsen,  Uynson 

Herbert,  Herhett,  Hiirhut !!..!.! 

Herder.  Hlreder,  Hurdfir ] 

Herman,  Hermans,  ilermanse,  Hermin,  llermon,  Hemnan 

HemdunLjIarnden.  Ilr.rn'      .  Hearndon 

Herrkk,  Herick.  Herrek.  li,  lieryck 

Herrlman,  Harlman,  HarrainODd,  Harrimau,  Hereman,  Herlman,  IlerremaD.  Herrynian.  Hur- 
rinian. 


i 


Herring,  llarlng,  Ilarrin,  Hairing,  Hearing,  Hearon,  llearrlng,  Ueran,  Herln,  Hcrlng,  Horon, 
nerran,  llerren.  Ilorrin,  Herron,  llerrown 

nersey.  1  larscy,  1  loarsay,  Hearsey,  Hearsy 

Ilersli"l->erfier,  I'larsljur^'sr,  Ilarshharger,  llarshberger,  Horahburger,  Uersbl)ergar 

Hersliy,  llarshey,  iiurshy,  Herschy,  Heisbey 

Hess,  ilese,  llftsse.  Ilcst 

Hester,  Hesters.  liestlier 

Heston,  Heastant,  lleastin,  Heaston,  lleestand.  Hestand,  Ueslant,  Ilestanm 

Hewlns,  Hewen.  Hewlngs,  Huen,  Hughon,  Hughengs.Hughins 

Hewlt,  Hcwet,  Hewett,  Hewitt 

Hewlet,  Hewlett.  Hewlit,  Hewlitt.  Huglilett,  Huglilitt,  Unlet.  Hulotl,  Hullt,  Hullot,  Unlllt 

Hlbliard,  Hehard.  Heliliard,  Helwrt,  llebot,  Hlbard,  Hibl)ards,  Hibl)art,  lUblwrd,  HIbbert, 
Hlbblrd.  Hlbbord,  Hibert 

HIbs,  Hil)bs 

Hickman,  I leclanan 

Hicks,  Heck,  Hecks,  Hick,  Hlckes,  Hlx,  Ulxs,  Hyx 

Hlckson,  lllohsoD.  lllckason.  IHkson.  Hlicon 

nicock,  HicciKk.  nickcox,  Hickixk,  Hickocks,  Ulckok,  Uickoks,  Ulcocks,  Hicox 

Hlst>y,  HlRlie.  Illgbee,  Hlgbey,  HIgble 

nigden,  Hlgdon 

HiRgenhotham,  Hegginbottom,  Hlckenbottom,  Hlckimbottom,  nickiobotom,  Ulcklnbotlom, 
lllckuinlwtham,  HIgemliotliain,  Hlgginlmtham,  HIgginliottom 

Higgins,  Heggins,  HoKins,  Uigan,  HIgens,  Higgans,  Uiggcns,  Ulggin,  HIgings,  Higlns 

High,  Huy,  Huys,  Hyc 

Hlgley,  Higly 

Hildebrancl,  Haldebrand,  Heldebrand,  Hellebrant,  Helteliran,  Hcllobrand,  Ulldelirannd. 
Hildenlirand.  Hild.nlirant,  Hildlebrand,  Hillderljran,  HllJebrand,  Hillebrant,  Hillibranl, 
Hiltebrand,  Hilterl Tand 

nildrc th.  Hildrictli,  Hildrith,  nilldreath 

Hill,  Hills,  Hils • 

Hiller,  Hillar,  Hillers ■■ ■.■■^•■.■■■■: 

Hilliard,  Hilleard.  Hilliad.  Hillvard.  Hilyard,  Hllyerd,  nyllard.  Hylyaid 

HiUikcr,  HilikiT.  Hilker.  Hill.<kor.  Hillipar 

Hilman,  Hilleman,  Hilliman,  Hillman,  Hillsmon,  Hilsman 

Hines,'Heigns,'ilein,"iiei'ns,'Hind,  Hiiidc,'  HJndes,  Hinds,' iiine,  Hinncs,  Oyans,  Hynds,  Uyno, 

H vnes.  H vnn,  Hvns 

Hin'kle.  Hin'ckel.  Ilinckle.  Hinkel 

HinklfT,  HiTikli'v,  Iliiicklpy,  Hinkly •• ■^■■■■■■■- 

Hinman,  Hcin.inan,  Himlinan,  Hineman,  Hincmon,  Hyndman,  Uyneman,  Uynman 

Hinsdale.  Hensdale,  Hindsdale,  Hinsdal 

Hinton,  n<nlon 

Hisocx'k.  Iliscox.  Hiiscock 

Hi-ser,  Hnisir,  Ileisser.  Highser,  Hizer.  Hyeser ;;,--,.v;-'^.V""i 

Hitchcock.  Hicbecwk,  Hi.-bfoy.  llitchcocks,  Hltchcox,  Hitchkok,  HItcock 

Hite,  Hi<ii;ht,  llight,  Highlh,  Hights 

Hitt.  Hit.  Hitt.s 

Hoadlv.  Ho;uiley 

Hoar,  "lloars,  Hoor,  Hore 

Hoard,  II ord •  ■  ■  ■ 

Hol)art,  Hobbard,  Hobbart,  Holwrt,  Hoburt 

Hobl>s,  Hobb,  Hobbes,  Hol)es,  Hobs 

Hobl)y,  Hobbey,  Hohcy,  Hoijy 

Hobson.  Hobsin 

noch,.I[ocKJIocks,I^>ko^.^.^..^.^.^.^.^.y^-^-^^-j^;^^^ 


Hodgdon,  Hoflgdan. 
Hogdon,  ) lop'dnn.  1 1  ogsdon 

lSl?;in"H:igo"ins,'-'iwT,;,H"odTkin-gi;H^^^^^^^^ 

Hodskings.  llodskins.  Ilogeklns,  Hogskem 

Hodgiiian,  HoiUvman,  Hogeman 

g^;l?r,™r,'?i'al,^;rn°'rFo'Ji;k°a",;°jiKa^."i'^^^^^^^^^ 

H  nflman,  H  iifinan 

&Cr?i^g:?'Kt^';:f™?&ge;ni^^ 


H"br<^k,nalbrookVHahhrook;noibrockVHolbroo^ 

HoKnialcom.  rialconih:  HalcimbeVHoiMm,'  HoiMmW.Holcum.'  Holkum 

Hdld.n.  Holdan,  Holdln.  Holding 

Holder.  Haider.  Haidre.  Holdare.  Holder 

76292—09 17 


6.S 
6.« 
6.0 
6.7 
5.3 
S.S 
8.7 
*.9 

S.« 
&5 
S.0 
6.8 
6.6 
6.1 
6.6 
6.2 
6.7 


6.7 
6.2 
7.1 
S.3 
6.4 
4.6 
6.2 
6.4 
6.6 
6.3 

5.9 
6.0 
5.8 
5.1 
4.8 
6.8 
6.0 
5.6 

6.4 

6.7 


6.1 
6.0 
6.6 
6.3 
6.1 
6.8 
6.3 
6.1 

6.5 
6.0 
6.8 
5.3 
6.9 
4.8 
5.9 
6.5 
5.6 
5.5 
6.0 
6.1 
5.6 
5.4 
5.3 
5.5 
6.4 
6.3 
6.8 

4.8 
5.2 

4.8 
5.8 
0.4 

6.0 
5.1 
5.9 
6.5 

ai 

5.9 
5.6 
5.1 
6.7 


1         I 


61  326 

20  112 

23  116 

333  1,610 

1S4  ,  791 

57  I  262 

27  128 

43  !  160 

322  1,467 
40   179 


30 

861 

27  I 


121 
411 
161 
139 


76  I  349 
34  176 
166   723 


«7 

181 
68 
22 
22 

102 
44 
24 
19 

loe 

66 

HI 

21 


297 

847 
287 
134 
116 
661 
169 
125 
84 
472 
344 


549 
83 
426 
366  1,458 


111 

347 

230 

82 


32  142 

234  1,104 

60  207 

25  115 


34  175 

67  336 

1,284  5,878 

29  154 


71 

18 

42 

121 


294 
87 
179 
602 


230  1,030 
177 


99 
101 
26 
67 
18 
26 
213 
62 
21 
30 
67 
20 
61 
157 
33 
64 


84 


64 
21 
29 

285 
59 

ISO 
22 

28 

176 
133 
156 
36 


479 
4.% 
148 
2.17 

89 
113 
974 
236 

97 
153 
265 
103 
217 
099 
179 
231 
181 

320 
1,255 

245 
100 
168 

1.42S 

243 

738 

99 

144 

863 
607 
641 


BKAM  or  rAiouBa. 


57 


13 


<  i 


20 


45  27 

7   6 


15 :  10 

2   7 


21  3 
...'  31 


12  II 

!;;;'ii 


16  34  109 
6   2  12 


25 


40 


20  I. 
12  . 


33 


90   1 

II  .... 
66  I  IS 

S>  1 


31 


85 


18 


1  I  2 

31  3 

7  I  20 

29  34 


20 


12 


«  U 

9 

113  127 
3 


14 


12  17 

6  .... 
2   6 


72  114 
1  ... 
1   6 


4  I 
2 
183 


10 


18 


3 
20 

48 

10  I 
2 
3 


13 


6 

2 

1 

25 

11  1 

3 

15  14  29  I 


3D  12 
8  ,  16 
U 


246 

Table  111. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


x-OMFNCT  aVrE  dealing  with  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
-NOMENCLATURE,  DE^AUNG^V^^^^^^  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Contmued.  


*     NAME. 


■  Holabard,'  Holabird/Holabut,  Uoleburd, 


HoldridRe,  Holdrich,  nolJ"P«.  5°nllf,?,f  Hallebc-rt  Holabard,  Holaoira,  iioiauui,  uu.cuu^v., 
HSffloSKun^HoUands^o.^^^  


Solmnon  ll^omon,  Ilolloman,  Hollowman,  Hollyman,  tloloman • 

Halston  Holson.  Hol3t<>n,  Holstone,  Houlston 

Holt,  Hoalt.  Holts,  Holtz,  Hoults ; 

Holtoa,  Holtcn.  Holtin 

Homan,  H onians.  Honimon,  Homon '.'..".".!".'.!! 

Honey weTl.Honnowel,  Honowell,  Eonywell '.[.'.[..-.....■■ 

Hood,  H oods v," ■  •,VVV i'. ■■■■ 

Hoot,  Hooff,  Hoofes,  Hooft,  Hunt 

Hook,  Hooclc,  Hooke,  Hookes,  Hooks '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Hooker 

Hooper 

Hoops,  Hoop -  -  - v^ 

Hoover,  Hooter,  Houver,  Hover,  Hovers,  Huver '.'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'.. 

Hope.  Hopes •^-  -■:-.'■  ■^' "  T- 

Hopkins,  II oopkins,  Hopkens,  Hopkin,  Hopkings ]\[\['.\'.]'.\'.\\\\'.V. 


Hopper. 

Hopson 

Horn,  Home,  Homes,  Horan 

Horaback,  Hombeck,  Hornbecke. 


H 


orner ■ 

Horton,  Horten 

Hosford.  Horseford,  Horsford 

Hosier,  Hoser.  Hozier 

Hoskins,  Horskin,  Horskins,  Hoskin 

Hosiey,  Horseley.  Horsley,  Horsly,  Hoseley 

Mosto?ek"HSater,"Hasleiter,"Hoaiiater;Horseiiter;HoVslater;HoVtaU 
Hotchkiss,  Hoctiskiss,  iiodVecase,  Hodgekiss,  Hodgkiss,  Hotchkis. 


M^lSiStS'  lSh"unf  S^"^;  HlJ^hYnling; -iKioghteiing;  Eooghtiiiini- Hoo^t^lini; 


Hoophteling,  Houghtalin,  Huftailing        ^ 

Houghton.  Ilaughton,  Hauton,  Hougliten,  Hougton,  Eowton 

Houk,  H  ovick,  Houke 

House,  Hous  Howse - -  - 

Houseman,  Hausman,  Housemen,  Housman,  Housmon 

Houser,  Howser,  Howsor 

Hovey,  Hovy 

How,  Howe,  Howes,  Hows 

Howard,  H owart,  Howerd.  Howert ■■ i; •  ■  ■ ;  --i^  •  ■  %■ 

Howell,  Hawel,  Hawele,  Hawell,  Houell,  Howal,  Bowel,  Howl,  Howie 

Hower,  Hour,  Hourre •  ■  • .■-■--■■■■;.■ 

Howland.  Houland.  Howlen,  Howlmd,  Howlmg,  Howlmgs 

Howlet,  Ho wlett,  Howlit 

Hoxie,  Hoxev,  Hoxkey,  Hoxsey,  Hoxsie 

Hoyl,  H oile.  Hovel,  II oyie 

Hovt,  lloiet,  Hoit,  Hoitt,  Hoyet ■-•  —  ii--,v:-.--i4--i,v"" VVj" 'C 

Hubbard,  Hubard,  Hubart,  Hubbart,  Hubbat,  Hubberd,  Hubbert,  Hubbirt,  Hubboard,  Hub- 

bord,  Hubert 

Hubbell,  Hubbel,  Hubbill,  Hubble,  Hubill,  Huble 


Huber 

Huekins.  Huckens,  Huckings i;- -;.• v;- "i,' ■  v " " ' 'tV  i,'-' ; 

Huddleston,  Huddleson,  Huddlestone,  Hudelston,  Hudleson,  Hudleston,  Hudliston 

H udson,  11  utsen.  H u tson - ■••-•. 

Huggins,  II ugaus,  H ugens,  Huggans,  Huggens,  Hugghen,  Hugms. 

Hughes,  Hengh,  Hewes,  Hews,  Hues, Hugh,  Hughe,  Hughs, H use,  Huws 

Hugliev,  llowey,  Uuey,  Hughy 

Hulin  Ilewlin,  HugWin,  Hulan,  Hulmg,  Hulmgs,  Hulim 

Hull,  tlul.  Hulls 

H ulse,  U  ulsa,  Hulsea 

H unies,  H ume 

Hummel,  11  umel,  Hummell 

Hummiston,  H umberstone,  Humerston.  Htmiestone -  • --•.•■■■ 

Humphrey,  Humtrey,  Ilumtrv,  Ilimipherv,  Ilumphes,  Humphress,  Humphreys,  Humphries, 
Humph'ris,  Huniphriss.  Iluihphr-,  Humph-,  Humphry,  Humphryes.  Humphrys,  Humphys, 
Humpress,  Humpris,  Humprys,  Umlrey,  Umphies,Umphreys,  Umphiies,  Umphry,  Umphrys 

Hundley,  II  unley,  1 1  unly 

Hungerford ,  1  i  ungeford ■- ; 

Hunnicutt,  Honecut,  Honevcut,  Honeycutt,  Huneycut,  Hunneeut,  Hunneycut,  Hunmcut 

Hunsucker,  Hoonsacker,  Hunsaker,  Hunseker,  Hunsiker,  Huntsiker,  Huntsucker 

Hunt,  Ilunte,  Hunts 

Hunting,  liuntting 

Huntington,  H  untingdon,  Hunttington 

Huntlcv,  Huntly 

Huntoon,  H unten,  Hunton 

Hurd,  Heard,  Herd,  Hurde 

Hurlbut,  II uribart,  Huiibert,  Hurlburt,  Hurlbutt 


6.4 


6.2 
6.1 
6.1 


6.6 
6.8 
6.6 
5.7 

6.8 

6.6 
7.1 
4.7 
5.2 
6.1 
5.8 
4.9 
6.9 
5.9 
6.3 
6.0 
6.1 
5.7 
7.2 
5.8 
4.6 
5.7 
5.4 
6.1 
5.8 
6.4 
5.7 
6.9 
6.6 
6.8 
5.6 
6.2 
5.6 

5.9 

4.8 
5.7 

6.2 
5.5 
6.4 
6.1 
5.0 
6.3 
6.6 
5.8 
5.6 
6.5 
6.2 
0.1 
6.7 
6.0 
7.3 
5.8 

6.8 
0.0 
6.8 
4.8 
6.9 
5.7 
6.2 
5.8 
6.1 
6.9 
5.5 
6.4 
4.9 
5.4 
6.4 


29 


157 


62       218 

262   1,073 

23       118 


6.3 
6.6 
4.4 
7.6 
6.6 
5.5 
4.8 
6.7 
6.0 
5.4 
6.0 
5.6 


96 

64 
53 
66 
110 

128 
527 

18 

22 
302 

53 

46 

24 

17 
113 

16 

79 

68 
118 

48 
147 

30 
471 

45 

35 
177 

38 

42 
272 

26 

20 
111 

29 

51 

20 
151 
193 

45 

130 

42 

163 

27 

51 

SO 

477 

607 

314 

17 

154 

22 

58 

15 

302 

410 

106 
73 
28 
27 

315 
78 

407 
41 
21 

251 
26 
27 
24 
22 


290 
39 
42 
27 
16 

606 

350 
21 

121 
63 
38 

217 
93 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


361 
257 

362 
622 

618 

2,419 

109 

82 

1,256 

270 

221 

94 

84 
652 

85 
395 
345 
569 
298 
709 
109 
2,206 
199 
142 
857 
195 
196 
1,346 
139 

95 
511 
152 
236 


18 


42  26 


98 
672 
914 

234 

580 

228 

777 

109 

268 

436 

2,281 

2,765 

1,414 


34 


25 
3   1 


18 


12  20  10 


81 


..  22 


104 

292 

94 

1,435 

1,976 
527 
347 
106 
159 

1,466 
328 

1,956 
208 
103 

1,142 
135 
106 
106 
96 


1,378 
169 
234 
91 
106 

2,807 

1,691 
80 
687 
265 
168 

1,084 
424 


18  53 


14 


20 


1  i  17 
16  I  26 

,...1  2 
4 
67 

3 


38 


21 


39 


21 

1 


22 
8 


31  32  1....  65 
8  16  I. ...I  £2 


18 


11 

15 

29 

3 

6 

4 


10 


13 


16 


35 


23 
3 
5 
6 

10 


10 
7 

26 
3 
1 

10 


17   10 


1 

1 
10 


19 


6 

1 

25 
32 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


247 


Table  lll.-NOMENCLATURE  DEALING  Wirn  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES.  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Continucd. 


Hurley,  Ilerly.  nirley,  Hiirly 

Hurst,  Tlerst,  tllrst,  Hursts 

Hurt,  Ilorts.  Hertz !!!!!!!!!!!!!  i !! ! 

Buson,  Hewson,  Utielison,  Husong,  Husson 

Hussey,  Hiisey,  Hussee,  liussy,  Hurey,  Huiy,  Huiiev,  Hmiy .........'.'.'.'. 

Busted,  Hustcad ' 

Huston,  Uousten,  Houstln,  Houston,  Ilueston,  Hustoln,  iiusU-ni'llustYn.  iiiisiine'. 

Hutoliins,  Huchcns,  Huchin:;s,  Uuililns,  Hu.lfon,  Hudt'ins,  Ihuk'ciiiis.  lIu'lirpMii   lliidging' 

Hvidsins,  Uutihans.  llutclii-ns.  Hut.  hin,  lIutclilnKs.  Hutihoiis,  llutrion.  lluislilun 
HulLhinson,  Huclicnson,  Iluilicson.  HmliliLson,  Iluihison,  Hutiln-nsun,  Hutchi-rson,  iiuifbe- 

son,  Uutchlngson,  Hutchison,  Hutchonson,  Uutchusson 

Hut  Ion,  Huton 

Uvatt,  Iliat ,  HIalt,  Iliet,  Uiett,  Hlghat,  Ulghct,  Uiot,  iiiott,  Huyet,  Hyat,  Hyet,  Hyctt,  Hyette. 

Hyetts,  Hyot.  llyott 

Hyde,  Heyd,  lleyiln.  Hide '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Hyer,  Hever,  II  i^lier,  H  yar,  Hyers 

Hyland,  flichland.  Highlands,  Hiland.  Hllands,  Hllens,  Hylan,  Uylens .....'.'.'.'...'... 

Byrnes,  Ueiin,  ileims,  II line,  Himes,  Hyme,  Hyms 

Ide 

Ingalls,  KngalU,  Engel,  Engle,  Engles,  Ingales,  Ingall,  Ingals,  Ingels,  Ingle,  Ingles,  Ingoles,  In- 

golls,  Ingols 

Ingersoll,  Ingarsoll,  Ingcrsal,  Ingcrsall,  Ingersol,  Ingersole 

Ingham 

Ingrain,  Engram,  Engrim,  Ingrahani,  Ingrahm,  Ingrlme,  Ingrm,  Ingram,  Ingrum 

Inman,  Innion 

Insley ,  Endlcy ,  Endslcy ,  Endsly,  Ensley 

Irhy,  Ireby 

Irrland ,  Ir'esland,  Iriland,  Irjand 

I  rish ,  Irelsh 

Irwin,  Er^an,  Erven,  Krvewin,  Ervln,  Ervlne,  ErvUig,  Ervwln,  Ervwn,  Erwln,  Erwine, 

Erwlnn.  Erwyn,  Ir\en.  Ir.in,  Irvine,  Irving,  Irwen,  Irwin,  Irwlne,  Urvln 

Isaacs,  Isaac,  Isaat-ks,  Isaalis,  Isacks 

Ishell,  Isabel,  Isbale,  Isbel 

Isham 

I  vcs 

Ivey, Ivay , Ivy 

Jack. Jacks,  Jakes 

Jacloiian 

Jackson,  Jacklson,  Jackston,  Jacson,  Jaxson 

Ja«--ob3,  Jacl»s,  Jacob 

Jacoliy,  Jachy,  Jacoblc,  Jcoby 

JagRcr,  Jager,  Jaguar,  Jaggers 

James,  Jams,  Jeames,  Jemes 

Jameson,  Janierson,  Jameston,  Jamleson,  Jamison,  Jammeson,  Jammlson,  Jamson,  Jemcrson, 

Jcincson,  Jemeyson,  Jcminson,  Jemison,  Jemlsson,  Jemmlsoo,  Jlmerson,  Jlmeson,  Jlmmlson. . . 

Janes.  Jane,  Jayn,  Jaync,  Jean,  Jeans 

Jansen,  J' Anson 

Jacnifs.  Jacques.  Jacquess.  Jaqua,  Jaquays.  Jaquess,  Jaquls,  Jaqulsb 

Jaqiiith,  Jacqueth.  Jacquctt.  Jacwith.  Jaqiiet.  Jaqueth 

Jarrell,  Gareft.  Oarrald.  Carrel,  Garreld,  Garrell,  Gerald,  Geralds,  Gerauld,  Oerrald,  Gernuild, 

Jarral.  Jarrall.  Jarrcl,  Jerols.  Jerould.  Jerrald.  Jcrrcl.  Jerrell,  Jerrold,  Jerroll,  Jerulld 

Jarrett,  Jarat,  Jarrat,  Jarrate,  Jarratt,  Jarret,  Jarrot,  Jarrolt,  Jcrrcl,  Jcrrctt,  Jerrit 

Jarvis.  Garvis,  Gcr\'is,  Jar\'ais,  Jarves,  Jervls 

Jeacocks.  Jacocks 

Jcllers.  Jcfers.  JelTu^ 

Jeflerson.  Jcllison ■  ■  • .••.-••.-■  v  --i.'' " 

Jcller>-.  Gallery.  Oellerevs.  Oefrlcs,  Geofrov,  Jaffray,  Jaffrey,  Jafrevs,  Jcferes,  Jeferls.  Jeffcrlos, 

JcUeris.  Jetlerys,  Jefliries,  Jeflrcs,  Jeflress,  Jeflrey,  JcHrcys,  Jclfrles,  Jeflrls,  Jcllry,  Jeffrys, 

Jefres.  Jcfreys,  Jclrics 

Jellit,son,  Jealoson,  Joalouson.  Jeleson.  Jclison.  JeUeson.  Jcllison 

Jenkins,  Genkins.  <;inkens,  Jalnkens.  Jencans,  Jcncklns,  Jcnkcn,  Jcnkens,  Jenkln,  Jenklngs, 

Jinkens,  Jlnkin;;s.  Jinkins,  Juncan,  Juneans,  Junkcn,  Junkin,  Junkins 

Jcnks,  Ginks.  Jenckis,  Jencks,  Jcnkes,  Jlncks,  Jinks 

Jenne.  Jcnncy,  Jenny 

Jenness.  Janis.  Janus,  Jennes,  Jennls .......... — 

Jcnnin-s,  GenninRs.  Gennins.  Ginning,  Glnnlngs,  Glnnlns,  Jenlngs,  Jennens,  Jennlng,  Jennlns, 

Jinirvc,  Jinings.  JinniuKs.  Jlnnins ■ 

Jennison,  Jenenson,  Jeni'sin.  Jeneson,  JcnLson,  Jenncrson,  Jenneson,  Jcnson,  Jcnstone 

Jermond,  Jerenian,  Jermain.  Jemian,  Jcrmin,  Jermon 

Jerni:4an.  Jcmagan.  Jernlan 

Jcrom,  Jaronis.  Jearora,  Jcarome,  Jearoms,  Jcroams,  Jeroras 

Jcssop,  Jasup.  Je;ksup,  Jescp,  Jesop,  Jcssup,  Jesup,  Jesuph,  Jeiup,  Jusup 

Jeter,  jctar.  Jetlior.  Jetter 

Jewell,  Jewel,  Jewlll 

Jewett,  Jewet,  Jewit,  Jewltt,  Jouett,  Juett,  Juwet 

Jilson.  JiUson,  Jilsom 

Job,  -lohb,  Johe,  Jobes,  Jobs 

Johns.  John,  Johnes,  Johnns,  Jon,  Jonncs,  Jons • ;"  ■■■,"_■ 

Johnson.  Jahnson.  Jhonson,  Johnsln,  Johnsom.  Johnston,  Johnstone,  Jonson,  Jonslon 

Joiner,  Joinor,  Joyner 

Jolly,  Jolley,  Jollys 

jOTdan;  jau'don.'jordain'.  jdrdecn,  Jorden,  Jordin,'  jordoni  Jordone,  Jourdsln,  Jourijan,  Jourden, 
Jourdin,  Jurdan.  Junlen.  Jurdon - ■  • . • •  •  •  ■  - ■  •■  • ; •  •  - •  .•^i ill" '  V„LL'iir ' 

Josim,  Jocclln,  Joseylin,  Josland,  Joslen,  Josllng,  Joslyn,  Josselln,  Joss<!l>Ti,  Josslyn,  Joaylln, 
Joyslin .' 

Joy. Jove,  Joys 

Joyce,  Joice,  Joyas 

Judkins.  Judgklns 

Judson.  Jutson 

Justice,  Jiistes,  Jiistese,  Justis,  justiss,  Justus 


S.9 
0.2 
«.0 
S.B 
0.0 

0.0 

S.0 
S.7 
0.1 
«.g 
S.5 
5.8 
5.8 
4.0 
5.6 

S.4 
4.8 
5.3 
5. 1 
5.8 
5.5 

5.7 
0.0 
5.6 
5.5 
4.7 
5.0 
5.3 

5.1 
6.1 
5.8 
6.1 
5.6 

0.2 
5.9 
5.3 
0.8 
5.8 
0.8 


5.4 
5.8 

5.6 
6.3 
5.6 
0.0 

i.i 
5.5 
0.0 
7.1 
4.5 
0.5 
0.6 
0.2 
5.8 
5.8 
5.7 
.S.7 
5.7 
5.7 
6.3 
5.6 

5.5 

6.2 
5.7 
5.7 
5.8 
4.8 
0.2 
6.0 
S.2 
S.7 


29 

176 
72 
19 

192 
44 
25 
31 
57 
66 

294 
34 
25 
23 

137 
55 

42 
39 
785 
248 
31 
23 
408 

140 
55 
20 
35 
42 

49 
41 
118 
16 
47 
21 


96 
19 

455 
93 
42 
40 

274 
34 
31 
15 
20 
39 
16 
92 

150 
18 
23 

113 

2. 6411 

97 

40 

2,561 


163 

811 
341 
97 
918 
241 
120 
148 
208 
303 

1,301 
130 
108 
94 
651 
249 

199 

195 

3,635 

1,112 

"14 

92 

1,736 

.■U18 
27S 
95 
178 
193 

257 
201 
503 
92 
227 
121 


427 
91 

2,083 
497 
IS3 
199 

,241 
152 
154 

91 

90 
213 

89 
475 
716 

87 
109 
530 
12.3.VI 
4IX) 
213 
11,739 


372  1,062 


97 
»4 
4« 
117 
65 
70 
21 
33 
56 


SOS 

442 

218 

sm 

248 
361 
104 
139 
2»« 


BSAM  or  FAWUSa. 


5   2 
63  140 


104 


29 


17 


287 

It 

41 
S4 

« 

17 

■j' 
■j- 


13 


68 


19 


I 


40 


9 

5 
3 


C7 


14  22 
5   3 

1 

3 
1 


45 


11 


10  1  4 
41  I  18   -M 
388  17:1 

1  I  - 
9   3 

210  ',3ga  at  Mi 


u 


10 


14 


13  :  14 

...I  I  I   16 


11 
s  I'io 


<4 
190 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION   GROWTH. 


248 

T.B.B  111  -NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
Table  111.     .NOMJ.WLi.Aiu  ^^^  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Contmued. 


CouRhman,  Cowrman,  Kaufman,  i.oflman,  Kolman,  Koulman 

la^i<^r?aSf cifS:  c4j]^r  JSkior/caVior;  Km^;Ki>iiei.  Kaier;  K^ior.  -Kayior  J  i ::;:::::::;:: 

Keater,  Keator,  Koctcr,  Kctor 

Kcaton.  Kcet an.  Keetins,  Keoton 

Kocoh,  Kfach.  Keatcli,  Keetch,  Ketch 

Keeter.  Koafer.  Keiler,  Kciter,  Keillcr,  Kjeflcr  .     ^^ . . . .  -^ 

Keel  Keal  Keale,  KeaU,  Kccle,  Keels,  Kchl,  Keil,  Kiehl,  Kiel; 

Keelen  Kealer  Keelor,  Keelur,  Kehler,  Keiler,  Kelah,  Keler,  Keyler,  Keylor 

Keeling.  Keclin.  Keling 

Kcclv,  Keeley.  KeeUey,  Keellj ■^■.■■i^:-%y^---i^--' 

Keen  Keaa.  Keano,  geene,  Keens,  Keign,  Kein,  Kerne,  Kene 

Keith.  Keath.  Keeth,  Keth,  Keyth,  Kieth '.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Kdler, KeHar. KeUorc.KeUoe'.keUough;  Keliow.'Keiu^, Kiilar, KYlier      .     

Kellogg.  Keelogg,  Kellasg.  Kelleg,  Kellegg,  Ke  loch,  Kellock  KeHog,  Kelogg 

KellT  Kehlv  Keilcv.  Kcle.  Kelcy,  Kellev.  Kely,  Kiely,  Killey,Killy. 

KdseyrKelielsv,  Kelcey.  Kelcy,  lEeUce,  Kellsey,  Kelse,  Kelsy,  KiUse,  Kilsey,  Kilsy 

Kelso,  Kelsoe.  Killsa,  Kilso 

Kclton,  Kalton,  Kilton 

Kemp.  Keinpe,  Kemps,  Kimp 


S^P'-^^'Sal^KeiS.l'KendeYel'KendleVKVnnda^^^ 


Kendall 

Kindle,  Kindol,  Kindrcl.  Kmnel.  Kmnell 


Kendriek,  Keindrick.  Kendrieks,  Kenrick,  Kindreek,  Kindrick.  ..^.-......^-..-■■- 

Kennard,  Kenard,  Kenhard,  Keniard,  Kinard,  Kindard.  Kmhard,  Kinnard.  Kinnerd ... 

KeSr,  Canada  Canaday,  Canadey,  Canady.  Caneday  Canedy,  ran.day,  Cannada  Cannaday, 
Cannady,  Canneday.  Cannlday.  Cenedy,  Ccnidav.  Kanada,  Kanaday,  Kanadey,  Kanady, 
Kannedv,  Kenada,"  Kenady.  fCendy.  Keneday,  Senedy,  Kenerdy.  Kennaday.  Keonady, 
Kenndy.  Kennedav.  Kenncrdav,  Kennidy -.• --i. -■.■■•■  vi-.-  ■. ■; 

Kennisto'n,  Kenison.'Keniston,  Kenistone,  Kenneston,  Kennison,  Kineson,  Kmiston,  Kmistone, 
Kinnerson,  Kinneston.  Kmnison -  -  - ■■••-■.-•  if -^ i=i'.;.;A' 

Kenny,  Keaney,  Keany,  Keeney,  Keeny,  Keiny,  Kcney,  Kenney,  Kenme,  Kenoy,  Keny,  Kiney, 
Kinne.  Kinney,  Kinny 

Kent,  Kint " -  •  ■ - •  -  - jl;.- 

Kern,  Kearn.  Kcarns,  Keem,  Keiras,  Kerne,  Kernes,  Kerns,  ium 

Kersey,  Kearsey,  Keersey,  Kersy,  Kirscy,  Kursey .     . ... . ............. .^. 

Kesler,  Keasler,  Keesler,  Keisler,  Keissler,  Kessler,  Kieslar,  Kisiler,  Easier,  Kysler 

Kester,  Keaster,  Keester,  Keister.  Kestor.  Kisster,  Kistor 

Ketcham.  Catchem,  Ketchem,  Ketchum,  Kitcham,  Kitchum ^ 

Key,  Keav.  Kee,  Kees.  Keese,  Kese,  Keyce,  Keyes,  Keys  Keyse.  Keze.     ..........  .. 

Kcykendall,  Kikendal,  Kikendall,  Kinkendal,  Kirkendal,  Kirkendol,  Kirkmdol,  Koukendal, 

Keysor  Kaiser,' kaisor.'KayVeV.Kei'sVrrKe'isser.'K^^         Kiaser,  Kiesser,  Kioser,  Kisear,  Kiser, 

kisor.  Kizcr,  Kizier,  Kizor.  Kysar.  Kyser,  Kysor,  Kyzer 

Kibbe,  Kibbco,  Kibbey,  Kibby,  Kiby 

Kidd,  Kid.  Kidde 

Kidder,  Kiler 

Kilboum.  Kilborn.  Kilbome,  Kilboumc.  Kilbum,  Kilbumc 

Kilgorc.  KilTO.  KillRore.  Killgour,  Killgow 

Killam,  Kellam.  Kellem,  Kollum.  Kilham.  Kilhcra .  ............^..- 

Killian.  Kellan.  Kellon.  Ke'.lin.  KcUine.  Kellon.  Killand,  Killean,  Killen,  Killens,  KiUm 

Killmor.  KiUmer.  Killmore.  Kilmer,  Kilmor.  Kilmore 

Kilpatrick.  Kelpatrielt.  Killpatriok,  Kilpartrick,  Kilpatric^Kilpatrieck.       ....   ...         .... 

Kirnball    Kemball.  Kcmbell.  Kcmble,  Kimal,  Kimbal.  Kimbald,  Kimbel,  Kimbell.    KimbU,  \ 

Kimble.  Kimbler,  Kimbol,  Kimboll,  Kimbrcl,  Kimbrell,  Kimbril,  Kimbull,  Kimel,  Kimell,  ; 

Kimil.  Kimmel ■; ■■■■l^:--- vi:  ••-•,-•  -i;.-  ■■  v  ■  ■,■, 

Kimberly,  Kammerlae,  Kemberly,  Kemmerley,  Kemmerly,  Kimberley,  Kunerly,  Kimsbertly  .. 

King,  kings j 

Kingery 

Kingman,  Kingsman 

Kingsbury,  Kin'ibury,  Kingsberry,  Kin'sborough,  Kinsbury 

Kingsley,  Kingley,  Kingsly,  Kinsley,  Kinsly ^ ....... .^....... 

Kinkaid,Kenkade,  Kenkead,  Kineade,  Kincaid,  Kincard,  Kmkad,  Kmkade,  Kmkead 

Kinner,  kcnar,  Keneer,  Kener.  Kenna,  Kennear.  Kenncr.  Kenough,  Kinear,  Kinnear 

Kinsey,  Kensc,  Kensy,  Kincey.  Kinsay,  Kinsy.  Kinzee,  Kinzey 

Kinsman.  Kenman.  kinman.  Kinneman.  Kinnemon.  Kinomon 

Kinyon,  Keenan,  kenan,  Kennan,  Kenncn,  Kennens,  Kcnnion,  Kennon,  Kenyan,  Kenyon, 

keonan,  Kinian,  Kinion.  Kinnion,  Kinnon 

Kipp.  Kip.  Kipps,  Kips 

Kirby,  Curbev.  Ciirbie,  Curby,  Kerboy,  Kerby,  Kirbey,  Kurbee 

Kirk.  Kcrk.  Kirkes,  Kirks 

Kirldand.  Kerl.land,  Kirtland 

Kirkpalrick.  Kirckpatrick,  Kirkpattrick,  Kirkpetreck,  Kirkpetrick 

Kirshncr,  Kershner,  Kersner,  Kii-sonor 

KissinTcr  JCoesinger.  Kessinger.  Kishinger,  Kisinger 

Kitchen,  Kcachen,  ketchen,  Ketchun,  Kitchens,  Kitchin 

Kite 

Kittle,  KcttcU,  Kettle,  Kettles,  Kitle.  Kittles 

Kittredge,  Kcttcredge,  Ketteridge,  Kithridge,  Kitridge,  Kitterage,  Kitteridge,  Kitterige,  Kit^ 

torrid'-ie,  Ki ttridge 

Kitts,  Kets,  Kotz.  Kjts.  Kitt.  Kitze 

Klaw,  Claus,  Clause,  Claw,  Clawes,  Clou,  Clous,  Clouse,  Klause 

Klock,  Clock,  Clocte 

Knapp,  Knap,  Nap,  Napp 

Knecland,  Ncland 

Knickcrbacker,  Knickabacker,  Knickabocker,  Knickebacker,  Knickerbacor 

Kniffln. 


Knight.  Knights,  Night.  Nights.  Nito,  Nites 

Knott,  Knot,  Knots,  Knotts.  Knotz,  Nots.  Nott.  Notts,  Notz 

Knouse.  Knaus,  Knauss,  Knous,  Knouss,  Knows,  Naus,  Nous,  Nouse. 


5.3 

6.1 
5.6 
4.9 
5.0 
5.5 
6.2 
5.5 
5.3 
5.5 
5.2 
6.1 
5.5 
6.0 
5.9 
5.8 
6.3 
5.5 
6.1 
6.8 
5.1 
6.2 
6.2 

5.9 
5.5 
5.5 


5.4 

5.0 

6.0 
5.7 
5.1 
4.2 
6.4 
5.2 
5.9 
6.1 

6.0 

5.5 
6.0 
5.6 
6.3 
5.5 
5.6 
5.5 
4.0 
7.0 
5.9 


5.9 
5.3 
5.7 
6.2 
5.2 
5.7 
6.2 
5.0 
5.9 
6.1 
6.1 

6.4 
5.8 
5.6 
5.8 
6.0 
5.1 
8.2 
5.4 
5.2 
4.5 
6.0 

6.1 
6.2 
5.7 
7.1 
6.1 
6.0 
7.1 
6.1 
5.6 
5.1 
6.3 


20 

134 

18 

24 

25 

27 

31 

34 

44 

118 

39 

17 

102 

135 

17 

164 

195 

550 

124 

21 

29 

116 

26 

195 
71 
42 


85 

689 
83 
94 
101 
121 
161 
154 
189 
528 
162 
87 
735 
680 
84 
779 
1,033 
2,400 
587 
122 
118 
603 
136 

963 
321 
191 


48 

182 
180 
81 
32 
39 
20 
102 
1S2 

27 

129 
53 
53 
66 
97 
36 
30 
39 
22 
47 


1,626 


910 
843 
334 

101 
209 
84 
497 
929 

136 

583 
210 
242 
349 
434 
164 
136 
116 
133 
228 


442 
30 

877 
17 
33 

117 

120 
57 
33 
53 
31 

142 

155 
104 
45 
48 
18 
26 
41 
25 
49 

37 
18 
27 
25 

283 
20 
22 
34 

424 
88 
27 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


2,182 
128 

4,095 
88 
138 
555 
618 
227 
162 
268 
159 

631 
267 
714 
504 
223 
198 
129 
114 
174 
88 
245 

188 
94 
128 
152 

1,440 
100 
135 
174 

1,960 
359 
144 


34 


15 


15  29 
14  53 


1  I  23 
7 
7 
1 
1 


137  18 
1 
21  24 


13 


15 


16 


34 


1  28 
7  51 

18  47 


9  22 


81 


90 


23 


26 


75 


23  18 

23 

71  112 


23 


25 


1 
1 
1 
5 

12 
3 

12 
3 

48 
9 

"i 

9 
3 


47 


7 

2 

52 


32 
4 
1 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


249 


Table  lll.-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITU  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  \\-HITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-CoDtinued. 


Knowlos.  Knolds,  Knolo"!,  Knoll,  Knowpl,  Knowdl,  Kno\rls,  Noal,  Nod,  NoeU,  Nde,  Nolea, 

Noll,  Nollcs,  Nool,  Noiil,  Nowol,  Nowcll,  Nowplls,  Nowcls,  Nowls 

Knowjton.  Knoltoii,  KnuuUoii,  Nolton,  Nolton,  Noullon ."!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Knox,  Knock,  Noc,  Noch,  Nock,  Nocks,  Nox ""..'.".*.*."!!!!]! 

Kreiiior,  Knii«lcr,  ICrt^eder,  Krider !!!!..!!."!.!!!!!!! 

Kuhn,  KiiRhn,  Kuhns !.!!!.!!.!!!".!!..!!!!! 

Kuntz,  Councc,  Couiits.  Counti,  Cuntz,  Cunie,  Eunse,  Eunts 

Kurtz,  Ciirts.  Ciirtz,  Kurts 

Kyps,  Kies,  Kiso 

Kygcr,  KiRar,  Kiger 

Kylo,  KvlM 

KyscT,  Itlsear,  Kisser,  Kisr  r,  Kysar,  Kysor,  Kyzer 


Labar,  Labach ,  Labaugh ,  Labch 

Lackey,  Lachy,  Lackay,  Lacky,  Lakcy 

Lacy,  Lacey.  Lalccy,  Lascy,  Leacy 

Ladd,  La<i,'Ladds." 

Laferty,  Lacllorty,  Lallarlv,  Lallerty,  Lafflty,  Laugbeny,  Laverty. 

Laird,  Lard,  Larde,  Lcaird,  Leard,  Leird ; 

Lake.  Llake 

Lakeman . 


Lakin,  Laikon,  Lakins,  Laykin,  Leakins 

Lamastcr,  Lamastors,  Lccmastcr,  Ijcimaster,  Lcmaster,  Lumastcr 

Lamb,  Lam,  Lambs 

Lambert,  Lambart,  Latnpert,  Lamput 

Lamkin,  Lambkin,  Lain  kins,  Lampkins 

Lamphear,  Lamfier,  Lainphn^r,  Lampher,  Lamphere,  Lamphler,  Lamphire,  Lanpher,  Loiun- 

phear,  Leamphere,  Lcmphear 

Lainson,  Lamlisen,  Laml)Son,  Lameson.  Lampsen.  Lampson 

Lancaster,  Lancaster,  Laneester,  Laneestor,  Lanchester,  Langcaster,  Lankester,  LankisUsr 

Lance. 


Land,  Lands,  Lannd 

Landers,  Landa,  Lander 

Landes,  Landrss,  Landice,  Landis,  Lantes,  Lantis 

Landt,  Lant,  Lantz,  Lanz 

Lane,  I,ain.  Laine,  Lains,  Lanes,  Layn,  Layne 

Lang,  Lange,  Langs 

Lansdon,  Lanilin,  Landing,  Landon,  Landown,  Langdin,  Langedon,  Langsdon,  Langsdotm, 

Lan«ston,  Lanuton 

Langford,  Landfonl,  Lanford,  Langsford,  Lansford,  Lantford 

Langley,  Langlee,  Langly,  Langsley 

Lanham,  Langham ,  Laninan 

Lanier,  Laniere,  Lennier 

Lansing,  Lencing,  Lensing 

Lapbam,  Lappam,  Lanpan,  Lappum,  Lapum,  Lepham 

Lapp.  Lap,  Lape,  Lapli 

Lare.  Lair,  Laire,  Layar,  Layer 

Larkln,  Larking,  Larkins,  Learkin 

Larnfd.  Larnard •■•••  —  •  —  •  — •••■l 

Larral>eo,  Laraba,  Larabbi,  Larabee,  Larabie,  Laraby,  Laret*,  Larrabb,  Larrabe,   LarranI, 

Larral>u,  Larraby,  Larreby,  Larribee,  Larribv,  Ix)rabee,  Lorrabon 

Larrimore,  Laramar«,  Laremore.  Larimer,  Larimore,  Laurimcr,  Lawremare,  Lawrlmor,  I..aw- 

rimore.  Loramore,  Lorimer,  l>onimor ■ 

Larue,  Lareu,  Larew,  La  Kieu.  Loreaux,  Lerew,  Leru,  Lerue,  Liirue 

Lary,  Lairy,  Larey,  Larreo,  Larrey,  Larry 

Lashi 


Lassiter,  Lasiter,  Lasitor,  Lasseter.  Lassetor,  Lassitor.  Lastcr 

Latham,  Latbem,  Lathim,  Lathom,  Lathrom,  Lathrum,  Lathum 

Lathrop,  Latrop,  Laulhrop,  Lortborp,  Lothorp,  Lothroji,  Lolrop,  Lowthorp 

Latimer,  Latamore,  Litiinoro,  Latimor,  Latimore,  Latmer.  Lattamore,  Lattemer,  Lnttemore, 

Lat timer,  Laltimoro,  Lettimore 

LatI  a.  Lata,  Later,  Lator,  Latoure,  Latter.  Lature 

Laugblin.  Lalllin.  LaBin.  Laughling.  Lofland.  Loflln ;•■"■ 

Law.  Lahr,  Laer,  Lar,  Lauer,  Laur,  Laws,  l,chr,  Loar,  Loher,  Lore.  Lorr,  Lours.  Ixiwar,  Lower, 


Lowers . 


La\vnMK«,Laranee,LarencerLarincerLarrance,  Larrencc,  Laurance,  Laurence,  L«ur«iu.  Law- 

rancR,  Lawrens;  Lawrrance,  LewTance,  Lorance,  Lorrentz,  LowTance 

Lawson,  Lauson 

Lawton,  Laughton,  Lauton,  Lorton 

'Lawyer.  Lawyers,  Loyer,  1/Oyers 

Tj*\v    I  ^ich    T  ftvs  .,,-.->,.-  ,,->>--•--.  ,,»..•*•-.-■•••-••----  ■  .•■••-••••■••' 

LazHl.Laiells.  LiU'enVLa<«*li  LakseiirLakscils.  Lazall.  Laiel.  Lazelle,  Lazll.  Lazolln 

Leach,  Leatch,  Leech.  Leetch,  Leicht,  Leltch,  Letch,  LIctch,  Lltch 

Leak,  Leack,  l^jake,  Lcakes.  l*ek,  Leekc,  Leeks.  Lekcs,  Llcko 

Leary .  Lerry 

Leathers,  Leather -  •  •; ."il '  V  1;.™.1,«.^k 

Leavenworth.  Lavensworth,  Lavenworth.  Leavensworth.  I^vensworth.  LevenwortD 

Leavitt.  Leavot.  Lcavett.  Leavlt.  Lcvcit.  Level.  Lcvit,  Levitc,  Levitt 

Led  belter,  Leadbetter.  Letbetler 

Lee,  Lea,  Leagh,  Leah   Leigh.  Ley 

Leeds,  Lea<is,  Leed * ' 

Leeper,  Leaner,  L,eiper ' 

Lees,  Lc;is.  Lcess,  Lels,  Leise,  Leiss ■ ;■•■■" 

Leeson,  Leasen,  Leason,  Leasson,  Lecsen,  Leetcrson,  Lcson,  Lesson 

Leet.  Leal,  Leatl,  Leehl,  Leels,  Leil..... i ■  V  ■  ■  •  •  W  »" ir»™; 

Letevpr,  Lafavour.  Leetever,  Lefavar,  l.e(avour,  Leteever,  Lo  rover 

l«(Ierls,  Lctlorl 

Lefflngwell ,  Lcppin well 

uik'u"LrIte,"Leg7t'LigettVLegiet;Leg6it.i^-il^ 

Lo\X\"Lffi;La\ghton,^alton;Laten;LiU^ 
I«atoD 


5.8 
S.I 
i.S 
0.0 
5.4 
5.3 
0.6 
0.3 
0.3 
5.8 
4.3 

S.6 
5.1 
5.0 
0.3 
4.0 
5.0 
5.2 
5.0 
5.2 
7.5 
5.9 
57 

a2 

5.5 
5.1 
&4 
6.3 
5.0 
6l7 
a4 
&S 
5.0 
5.2 

6.7 
6.4 
5.2 
5.5 
58 
56 
&3 
58 
6.6 
6.4 
6.4 

6l4 

6.3 
6.1) 
4.0 
5.S 
5.8 
&7 
5.8 

&4 

0.2 
6.7 

5.3 

5.7 
55 
5.7 
6.4 
6.5 
5.7 
6.0 
53 
50 
4.9 
57 
5.6 
59 
53 
6.0 
5.3 
6.8 
56 
4.9 
5.0 
6.3 
6.3 
6.5 
5.3 


234 
«2 

171 
24 
25 
37 
30 
20 
16 
18 
24 

16 
47 
97 


4S 
106 
20 
28 
20 
229 
107 
22 

01 
91 
84 
22 
66 
48 
58 
17 
437 
04 

152 
46 
86 
40 
20 
65 
49 
19 
20 
70 


48 

31 
23 
26 
24 
80 
90 
147 

70 
28 
45 

104 

517 

122 
80 
21 
45 
20 

233 
02 
40 
21 
38 
27 

110 
20 

707 
25 
18 
24 
22 
37 
45 
20 
26 
40 


HBADfl  or  ruaun. 


5.8    87 

6.8  I  126 


1,128 
405 

705 
121 
111 
158 
20O 
106 

86 

80 

79 

8S 
192 
390 
686 
101 
223 
4(0 

80 
118 
129 
,126 
606 
114 

276 
374 
453 

94 
220 
226 
314 

04 

2,019 

270 

718 
202 
360 
203 

95 
251 
258 

91 

91 
306 
168 

212 

134 
100 
91 
119 
386 
422 
706 

311 
146 
212 

448 

,413 
649 
418 

92 
247 
Ml 
,167 
288 
177 

82 
179  1 
124 
663 

86 
,371 
107 
105 
111 

86 
147 
240 

86 
143 
173 

420 


43 


16  ... 


flOS  .  ss 


26   3 


26 


12 


13 


I 


a  36 

5 


10  40 


126  61 
28   9 


I 


IS 


22 


27 


250 

Table  111. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NOMENCLATURE  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS.  BY  STATES 
-.NOMENCLAILtu.,^  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Contmued. 


Leland.  Lalan,  Laland,  Layland  Lealand,  Leeland ."'.'.'."'.'. 

lA'inar,  La  Mar.  Lamar,  LemarejLym^^^^  Leaman.  Lee- 

Lemiuon.  Laman.  Lanunou,  Lanmionds  Lamon  w^"''".      J  Lemmonds,  Lemmons, 


tmr\e.uanrLemean,  LeSSan7Le:SnoDd,  Lemmonds.  Len 


Leiiii 

man    Lehman. 

Lonioii,  Lenioud.  Lcmonds,  Lemons,  Limmon 


i:ISnarfteanar"i^Vaniart;Leanord.^"earnardVLe^^^^^^^ 
Md  Lenhart.  Lenbert,  Lennard,  Lennerd,  Lenord,  Leonerd 


»fSS^=^;s:^^^a:^f!^ 


LesteT,'  Lciccit'er,  Leister,  Lestear,  Lestoe,  Lestor. 


^'^"'  ,\'eavens,'LeaviD."  Leaving;  Leavlns",  Levaun'.Levene;  Levin,  Levins . 


Levon, 

L^w^ilhiT'^ewallenVLeweianVLeweiing;  LeWeUin",  Leweilying;  Lewellyn.  Lewillin.  Llewellin, 

L^fLeJ^'l^^s:u^wei°L;eWs.uWis,-i^i^-L^es.;^^^ 

UbbeyrLcbbey.  Libbe,  Libbee,  Libby.  Libe,  Liby,  Lybbey •  •  • 

Licb.  Leab,  Lc'ib v .•.::■  ■  ".■■.■ 

Light.  Leight,  Leitz.  Lighte.  Lights,  Lite - ]['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'-'-'.'.'.'. 


Liihtn?rVLeghtneV,Le"ichtner,'  Leightnei-,'  Leitner,  Litener.  Litner 

Ligon,  Leggon.  Logon.  Liggon  Ligrand         

Liles.  Leysle.  Lisle.  Lisles,  Lyle.  Lyles,  Lysle 

Lilliliridge,  Lillebridge 

Mn^ln"LinS^inkl^:L;ntoi;i:inkii.i;i:inkkiii;Lii;io^^ 

iind^^:  LM^^'uridsyl'iLdie;  Lingses^-Liiisay;  Uiisey;  L^^^^ 

Lyndsay ,  Lyndsey [[[..]" W 

Lines,  Line 

LiS^lin'unr^ind^e^LtodsiLins.^'yilLyidlLViidelLiriidesiL^^^^ 

^Snel^'flSIin:  Len^^  "Eenon;  Li\^ai;;Linen;  Lim^^ 

Linsley,  Lenslee,  Linsly !'.!.!!!.! 

LipscL'b;L■asco■mb^■L^rame;■Lepscomb;■LesV^  Lisecomb, 
Lisscom'b,  Luscomb,  Luscombe,  Lysconi 

Litchneld  Leachfleld,  Leechfleld,  Leichfleld,  Leitehfield,  Litchfeld 

Little,  Liddell,  Liddle,  Litle,  Littel,  Lytle,  Lyttle 

Littlefleld,  LittelQeld 

Littleton,  Lettleton,  Lyttleton . .  .■ 

Lively,  Levelv,  Liveley 

T,i  vermore  Li  vemore,  Li verniar,  Li vermoor -  -  -  -. i-.- -.•  •  V " " "  V'-' : 

Livingston,  Lavingston,  Leavingston,  Levestone,  Levingston,  Levinston.  Libinston,  Livenston, 
Livingstone,  Livington,  Livinston,  Liviston 

Lobdell ,  Labdell ,  Lebdell,  Lobdol 

Lock,  Loch,  Locke,  Loech,  Longh 

Lockhart.Lo'card,'  Lochard,"  LocharV,  Lockard;  Lockart,' L'ockeart,  Lockerd,  Lockiieart,  Luke- 


Lockwood,  Lackwood,  Larkwood,  Lorkwood 

Lofton,  Loften,  Loftin ........  —  — . .  -  ■ 

Logan,  Logans,  Logen,  Loggan,  Loggans.  Loggm,  Loggras,  Logon.. 


Long 

Longfellow,  Longtelow 

Longlev,  Lengley,  Longly ,-•-••,■ ,- 

Longnecker,  Longacre,  Longmecker,  Longnaker - - ...... . 

Loomis,  Laumiss,  Loamis.  Lomes,  Lomice,  Lomis.  Loomise,  Loomiss,  Lumas,  Lunus,  Lummas, 

Lumniis,  Lunimos,  Lunuuus 

Lord,  Laud,  Land,  Lawed.  Lords 

Loring,  Loreing,  Lorin,  Lowring 

Losee,  Losa,  Losey,  Loshy,  Losie,  Losyee 

Lott,  Lot,  Lotts,  Lotz 

Loud .  Lowd ;••-■.■■■,■■■% 

Loudon.  Louden,  Loudin,  Lowdan,  Lowden,  Lowdon 

Louks,  Louck,  Louk,  Loux,  Lowk,  Lowks 

Loun,  Lo wnes,  Lowns ■ -  ■ ■  • - - - 

Lmmsbury,  Lounsberry,  Lownbury,  Lownsberry,  Lownsburry,  Lownsbury 

Love. , 


Lovejov,  Loviioy,  Lovjoy... 
Lovelace,  Lovlace,  Luvlace. 
Loveland . 


Lovell .  Level -■  ■  - - •  — .■  ■  ■  ■  — : 

Lovering,  Loveran,  Loverem,  Loverin.  Lovran,  Lovrin,  Lovrmg 

Lovet  t,  Loveit,  Lovet,  Lovit,  Lovitt 

Loving,  Loveing,  Lovin 

Low,  Loe,  Lowe 

Lowell ,  Lowel - -  ■ • ■  ■ ■  - 

Lowinan  Lauman,  Loman,  Lomon,  Loreman,  Lonnan,  Lorrman,  Louman 

Lowry  Lauhery,  Laure,  Laury,  LawTey,  Lawry,  Lohery,  Lohry,  Lorey,  Lory.  Loughrey,  Lou- 

ree,  Lourey,  Lourv,  Lowerry,  Lowery,  Lowre,  LowTey,  Lov.Tie 

Leva,  Lloyd,  Llovde,  Lloved,  Loyde,  Loyed 

Lucas,  Locas,  Locust,  Lueass,  Luccus,  Lucus,  Lucust,  Lukess 

Luce,  Loos,  Loose,  Lose.  Lous,  Louse.  Luice.  Luse 

Luckey,  Luckie.  Lucky.      ........................  .^ ....--.-. 

Luddington,  Luddenton,  Luddonton,  Ludenton,  Ludington,  Luainton 

Ludlow,  Ledlo,  Ledloe.  Ledlow 

Lndluni,  Ludlam,  Ludlim,  Ludlom 

Ludwig,  Lodowick,  Lodnich,  Lodwick,  Ludewick,  Luawick 

Lufkin,'Ln(Tkin,  Luftkin 

Luke,  Luk,  Lukes 


6.1 
6.2 


5.8 
5.5 

6.5 
5.6 
5.1 
5.4 
7.6 
6.0 
5.6 

5.5 
6.5 
5.8 
6.5 
6.2 
6.8 
7.1 
5.3 
5.9 
5.6 
5.7 
5.7 
6.2 

5.1 
5.5 
5.0 
6.5 
4.5 
6.2 
6.4 
6.7 
5.2 

6.6 
5.6 
6.7 
5.9 
5.6 
0.0 
6.0 

6.6 
5.6 
5.6 
6.7 

4.9 
5.9 
5.8 
5.4 
6.5 
6.1 
6.0 
6.4 

6.2 
6.8 
6.9 
8.4 
6.1 
5.0 
4.8 
5.1 
6.1 
6.8 
5.4 
6.8 
8.0 
5.8 
5.7 
6.1 
6.7 
7.2 
5.9 
6.6 
5.7 

6.5 
5.2 
6.3 
5.0 
6.5 
6.2 
6.3 
6.3 
6.2 
6.8 
6.0 


211 
33 


36 
66 
145 
16 
42 
29 


344 
119 


1,022 
147 

1,757 
167 
231 
635 
106 
209 
133 


HEADS  OP  FAMILIES. 


35 

\m 

1,221 

5,478 

171 

Kilt 

17 

94 

46 

238 

18 

104 

15 

91 

28 

119 

66 

333 

20 

«2 

86 

404 

210 

HH7 

66 

233 

180 
44 
46 

151 
23 
17 
17 
40 
38 


64 
346 
117 
18 
17 
51 

117 
20 

155 
18 

54 
177 

25 
121 


21  162 


28  44  156 
31  ....   1 


19 
23 
30 

234 

269 
85 
23 
58 
26 
31 
33 
19 
46 

128 
77 
17 
41 
75 
36 
88 
17 

309 
83 
31 

177 
126 
163 
111 
26 
24 
20 
23 
33 
20 
38 


769 

199 

186 

682 

81 

88 

92 

189 

168 

222 

248 
1,642 

570 
82 
86 

255 

644 
92 
713 
103 


865 
121 
636 
2,183 
90 
116 
162 

1,228 
,289 
420 
170 
298 
104 
117 
157 
96 
215 
560 
370 
119 
195 
363 
184 
415 
105 
1,395 
379 
145 

794 
526 
693 
609 
117 
100 
106 
122 
173 


1  6 
83  18 
14 


41 


166 


32 


14 


...1  1 

1  ... 

30   9 


.""8" 


18 


24 


3   2 

"8 


5   8 

18 


44  14 
198  51 
5 


25 


9 
10 
2 
4 
5 

3 

56 
1 

"6 
1 
2 
3 

19 


1 
3 

29 

"i 

9 
1 
2 


25 
4 
4 
3 
1 

16 


9 
2 

7 
20 
43 


20 
1 
1 


1 

17 
3 
1 

24 

10 

11 

1 


Table  111, 


GENERAL  TABLES.  251 

-NOMENCLATURE   nEALIXOWITFJ  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS.  BY  STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES.  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-<:ontuiued. 


Lukins,  Luken,  Lukens 

Lull ;i; ;;;;;;; ;;;;;; 

Lum,  Lume,  Lumm,  Lunin "] 

LuiDbard,  Lumbarrd,  Luinbart.  Lunibert '.'.'.'.'/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Lumber '.'."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". 

Lunsfortl,  Lunceford,  Lunesford,  Lunisford '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Lun t,  Lund ',.'.'.'.'.'.'.'/. 

Lusk 

Luther,  Louther " 

Lutz.  LooU,  Lute,  Lutes,  Luts,  Lutse,  Lutte,  Lutts,  Lutie.!!! 

Lyford,  Leford,  Lifard,  LKerd,  LIffard,  Liford,  Luyphard,  Luyphiwd. 

Lyman,  L«iiiian,  Liman,  Lymans,  Lymon,  Lymond ' 

Lynch,  Linch,  LjTick,  Lyntch '.'..'..'.'.'..'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'. 

Lyon,  Liou,  Lioiis,  Lyons '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'. 


Mabee,  Mabe,  Mabio,  Maybe,  Maybee,  Meabee,  Meb7 

Mabry,  Mabberry,  Mabery,  Mabroy,  Maybary,  Mayberry,  Mavbry,  UaybiuTy  Mayburi- 
Mace,  Mase.  '' 


Machen,  Machan,  M'han,  Machian,  Machine,  Macken,  Mackin,  M«kln,  Makeiis,  Makiiw  Mekins 
Mack.  Mac,  Macks 


Maclin.  MLicklin,  M^Len,  M'Lin,  M'Linn        .   

Macomljer.  M^t'omber,  Maccomber,  M'Kumber,  Macumberj  M'Cuinber  ". 

Mecy,  Macey,  Maisey,  Masey,  Masi ..!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Madden,  Maddin,  Madding,  Maddon,  Maden,  Madens,  Madin,  Matiing '.'.'.'.'.". 

Uaddox,  Maddax,  Maddix,  Maddock,  Maddocke,  Maddocks,  Maddok,  Maddiixi  iiadocks  Msdox 
Madux  '  ' 


Maden-,  Madary ,  Maddera,  Maddery,  Madera ."'.'.' 

Magooh ,  Masoone !!!!!!!!!!!! 

MaKTUder,  yi  aj^ruda ]!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Manon,  Mahan,  Mahen,  Mahone,  Mayhon,  Mehan. !!!!!]!!!!!!!!!! 

Mahony.  Malioiiey,  Mahomey,  Mehoney,  Mohony !.!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Maine, "Main,  Mai'nes,  ilains,  Mane,  Maiies,  Mayne !!]!!!!!!!! 

Major,  Majer.  Majoir,  Majors .**.'.*"!".*! 

Mai  bone,  Malhorn,  MaliMjum,  Maultwne "'"' 

Malcom,  Malcolm,  Malconib,  Malcum ' " ' ' 

Mallerv,  Malaerv,  ilalary,  Malerv,  Mallarv,  Mallerev,  Mallorv,  Malory, , 

Mallet',  Mallat.  ilallett,  Mellat,  Mellet,  lielot,  Melott,  Mollet,  Mullalt,  Mullet,  Mullett. 

Malone,  Melone,  Milone 

Manchester , 

Manley,  Manly 

Maan.  Man,  Manns.  Mans,  Mantz 

Manning,  Maning.  Mannan.  Mannen,  Maimin,  Mannon,  Mannun,  Manon 

Mansfield,  llanesfleld,  Maiifield,  Mannificld,  Mansleild,  Mansfeld. , 

Mapes. 


Maples,  Maple 

Marble,  Mart«l 

Marchant,  Marchants 

Marcy,  Marcev.  Marsey 

Marden,  Mardin 

Marion,  Marien,  Marrion,  Maryaun,  LTerlan,  Merlon,  Jlerrean,  Uerrlan.  Menrion. 

Markham,  Marckum,  Marcom,  Marcum,  Markam,  Markum 

Mark^ey ,  Markly 

Marks,  Mark,  Marke,  Markes,  Marx 

Marlow. 


Marr,  Mar,  Marre,  MarTs,  Mars,  Marss 

Marriott,  Marret,  M;irrctt,  Marritt,  Marrot,  Marrott,  Merrlott 

Marsh,  March,  Marsne 

Marshall,  Marchal,  Marchall,  Marchel,  Marchle,  Marshal,  Marsheoi,  Marshel,  Marshell,  Maishlli, 

Mershall ,  Mershel ,  Mershele 

Marston,  Marsdcn,  Marsdin,  Marsdon,  Maisten,  Marstin,  Marstone,  Marstons,  Masden,  Mawlon, 

Masten,  Mastin,  M^uslon,  Morston 

Martin,  Martiin,  Marten,  Martine,  Martins,  Marlon,  Martten,  Martyn 

Martindale.  Slartimlal.  Martindil 

Mar\'ln,  Mar\-ine,  Marvins 

Mash. 


Mason,  Malson,  Mascn,  Masons,  Mayson 

Masscy,  Massa,  Massay,  Masse,  Ma^ic.  Massy 

Masters,  Master 

Mather,  Martlicr,  Mathers,  Mathcs,  Matheys 

Mathcwson,  Mathison,  Mathson,  Matison,  Matson,  MattasoD,  MatUfson,  Msttcson,  Msttbosoo. 

Matthewson,  Maltlson,  Matison 

Matlock,  Madlock,  Mathuk,  Matlocks,  Meadlock,  Medlock 

Matthews,  Marthcw,  Marthcws,  Mathew,  Mathcwcs,  Mathewls.  Mathews,  Uatbb.  Matburc. 

Mathusc,  Matthar,  Malthes,  Matthew,  Mattbcwls,  Matthls,  Mstthws 

Matthias.  Matlilas,  Mathies 

Matlinslov,  Mallenlcv,  Mattculv,  Mattlnsly 

Mattock,  Matoiks,  Mattlekes,  Matticks,  Mattocks,  Mattoks,  Mattox,  Maltuck 

Mattoon,  Maloon.  M.itune,  ilctune 

Maxcy,  Maxcy,  Maxxlo,  Maxy,  Moxle,  Moxy 

Maxfleld . 


Maxln,  Maxcn,  Maxon ■ 

Maxwell.  Maxwel,  Maxwtll,  Mclxwill 

May,  Mais,  Maise,  Maize.  Mayc,  Mayes,  Mays,  Uayse,  Mayses,  Hayie.  Male,  Mcy. 


Mayfield, 

Mayhew,  Mahew,  Mavpw,  Mayhuo •  ■  - • •■  ■  •  •  • ■■;••,". ; " " ' 

Maynard,  Malnani,  Mainhard,  Malnyard,  Manard,  Mancyard,  Maynerd,  Mayoord,  Urnanl... 

Mayo,  Maho,  Mavho,  Mavos ...•••• 

M'.Kdams.  M'Adam.  M'.Vddams,  M'Caddams 

M'AfPC,  .M'Affee.  M'Kfce 

M' Arthur.  M' Arther,  M' Anther,  MK-artha ... ••••■■■  ■.;••■  ■■■- ■■■■■  „.>;:■•,••■ 

M'Aulev.  M'f-allev,  M^Callv,  Maccauley,  Maccauly.  MTauley,  M«CauUcy.  M-Cauly,  M-Cawley. 

M'rawlv.  MToIlev,  M'CoUy,  M'CuUey,  M«culley,  M«CuUy.Mecauley 

M'nriile.  M'bride.  ^i'h^de 

M'Caln,  M'CaaIn,  M'Cane,  M'Kain .•■•• 


&8 
&4 
«.0 
t.* 
&4 
18 
&7 
S.g 
S.2 
S.3 
4.9 
4.7 
S.1 
1.8 

t.2 
S.4 
S.3 
4.» 
S.4 
7.1 
(1.3 
8.3 
£.4 

&S 
S.3 
S.4 
4.6 
6.2 
A.8 
S.2 
7.1 
6.0 
S.5 
<l6 
&.6 
4.$ 
6.0 
S.8 
S.7 
i.3 
5.4 
4.S 
6.5 
S.0 
4.« 
6.3 
S.S 
S.6 
&4 
7.1 
&3 
4.7 
4.8 
4.8 
6.0 

S.6 

5.0 
S.7 
6.1 
6.3 
S.7 
S.8 
S.3 
S.1 
6.1 

6.8 
S.3 

5.6 
5.8 
5.8 
5.9 
6.1 
S.1 
S.1 
6.0 
6.0 
5.4 
5.2 
5.6 
6.2 
6.0 
5.3 
6.6 
6.0 

4.7 
S.8 
S.3 


43 

19 

18 

31 

25 

33 

65 

34 

111 

67 

21 

114 

142 

353 

40 
SO 
SO 
22 
58 
14 
90 
46 
49 

«0 
22 
27 
49 
S3 
19 
«0 
34 
21 
21 
109 
61 
49 
82 
57 
306 
190 
127 
35 
23 
64 
24 
22 
33 
20 
45 
23 
112 
33 
46 
30 
325 


207 
83 
90 
187 
111 
126 
304 
IftS 
471 
291 
102 
650 
5S2 
.705 

206 
318 
213 

8S 
254 

86 
471 
243 
214 

268 
114 
120 
174 
276 

91 
381 
207 
104 

94 
504 
275 
173 
412 
276 
,423 
800 
Sfil 
136 
126 
258 

94 
116 
148 

91 
199 
140 
477 
121 
177 
113 
,613 


481  2,190 


150 
1,1C9 
34 
70 
S3 
478 
114 
73 
91 


733 
5,509 
175 
3C9 
249 
2,297 
485 
296 
461 


HBAM  or  rAlOUE^ 


23  I  33 


176  1,012 
31   134 


448 
SO 
24 
18 
20 
20 
46 
37 

138 


2,065 
239 
114 

89 
102 

81 
187 
185 
692 


546 
121 
100 
164 


91  339 
90  473 
S3   135 


45 


15 


17 


16 


18 


75 


14 


44  50 
17  2 
19 
6   3 


I 


13 


46  10 

43  11 


tt  U 
u  < 

u'.... 


a  n 

10  M 

II 


II 
13 


1 

no 
s 


3 
16 
IS 

I 

8 

3 
4 

58 
1 


252 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  111.— NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


M"Call,  M'caU,  ll'calle,  M'Caul,  M'CauI,  M=caule,  M^Cawl,  U'CoU,  MackaR 

M^Callister,  ll».\la.sier,  M^.-ili-ster,  Jl»Alister,  M'.Ulaster,  M'>AJlester,  M»Amster,  M'Calester 

M=CaUster,  M't'aUastcr,  iK'allester,  M'Callestor,  M'Colister,  M'Collstcr,  M^Collester,  M«Col- 

listcr,  M^Collistor,  M'OUister 

M'Cammon,  M«rainon.  M'Comman,  M'Comnion,  M«t'omon,  M'kamman.Macomen 

M'CancIless,  IK'aiiJelcss,  AW'andles,  M'l'andlisli,  M'Canless,  JI'Kanless,  M'Kindlcs 

MtCann,  M'.\nn,  M'Cnan,  M'Can,  McCand,  MtConn,  M«Kan,  M^Kann,  Macon 

Mt^Carter,  M^arler,  M^Cartor,  M'^Karter 

McCartney,  M-^Artney,  M^Cartny.  M^Certney. 


M=Cany,  Macartey,  M'Arthy,  M'Cartee,  M'^Cartey,  M»Carthey,  MVcMthyVM«Carti'e.'Maccartv. 
Mccarty,  M«Cortey .' _  _ ' 


M«Caslin,  M^Auslan,  M'Casland,  Ma'Caslin,  M^Casslin,"  M^Causiand,  M'Causien.M^Caus^^^^^ 

M'Coslin,  Ma'Cslia 

M'Cleary,  M^Clarey,  M«Clary,  M'Larry,  M'Lary,  MaCiayryVM«neareyVM»cie(?rvVM'oClerv, 

M'Leary,  M'liry ' 

'^w'?.','^"'''  M'C'laland,  M'Clalen,  M'Claiin,  M«ckilan,''M'dailen'"M'CiaiiiiV,' MVciavland, 

M=Clelan,  M'(  leland,  M'Clelean,  M'Clellan,  M'Clellen,  M=cleIon,  M'>Laland,  M'^Laliaii    M'- 

Lallen,  M'Leoland,  M'Leland,  M'leland,  U'Lelen,  M-^Lellan,  McLellen,  M'^Lillan 
M'Clenahan,  il'Clanahan,  M'Clanathan,  M'Clangen,  M-^Clanihan,  MtClanincham,  fibciannan 

M'Cannen,  M-Clannon,  M«Clathan,  M'Clenaghan,  McClenahen,  H'Clenan,  Jl^Clenethan, 

M<C  enhiham.  M'Clennacan,  M'riennalian,  M'Clennan,  M'Clcnnen,  M^Clennin,  M«Clennon 

M'Clinahan,  McLanan,  M«I,enahan.  Mi^Lenan,  McLennan,  M'Lennen 
M'Clintock,    M<:ientick,    M<'lentock,    MClentock,    M'Clentorick,    MVciintic, '  MVcunVick  ' 

M'^Clintoc,  McClmtoch,  M^Clintuck,  M"Lintack,  M'LintocK 

M'Clure,  MClewer,  M'^clevrer,  M^'lour,  MCloure,  M'Cluer,  M«Llewer,  Ji^Lure 

M<;iuskey,  M'CIaskey,  M^Clasky,  MClesky,  M'Clisky,  M^Closkey,  M^Closky,' MVcimk^",' 

M^Colluni,  Mi-.Vllum,  M=Caliam,  M«Calium','M^Coliani,'  M'Colioin;  M<'oilvijns','M="Coim'  M"Col-' 
om.M'Cullum '  ,       ^ui 

IpComb  M'Comlis,  Mi^Conie,  M^Coom,  M»Coonib','M'Coombe,'  M'=Coorns,' Macomb 

M=ConneI,  MtConal,  M'Conel,  M«conell,  MoConell,  M-Connal,  M=Connald,  M^Connell,  McConveU 
M^lvonnell ^     ' 

McCord 

M'Corkle,  M«Corkel,  M'Corklilll,  M'Coskifl,  M^korkie 


Mccormick  McCarmeck,  M"Camiick,  M^cimick,  M=Coiiiiiib;  MVcomaciMcCoraach/MoCor- 
mack,  M  Cormic,  M'Cormuck '  ,  •u  ^vi 

^'jCown,  M'Coun,  M-Cowan,  M«Cowen,  M"Cowm,' W^Kowan,"  M«kowenVM=Kown' M»6'weu  ' 


M'Coy,  M'Coey,  M'Coy,  Maecoy,  Macov,  M«Coye,'M^koy' McKoye 

^Mf^raMA.t'ifSi^iTfe^S'  "''^=""''^'  '^'"^'^''°'  M-Crakin,- MCrehen,  MoCreken, 
MoCready,  M'Crady  Mcpredie,  McCrcdy,  McCreedy,  M^eready,  MVEeady,' Miiiedy 
M"Creary,  M=Crary,  M^Crearea,  McCreaiey,  MoCreerv,  M^Crery.  M.:Rearv  M^Rrear 


M^Quown         

M'Curdy,  M'Curday,  M'-Curdev,  Mt'Curdie 

M^Cutchen  M'Cuehin  M.Cuchion,  M' Cutcheon,  McCntchin,' M^Kutchen; '. 

M'pamel,  M'Danail.  M'Dana^d,  M'Danals,  M^Danel,  Mac  Daniel,  M<daniel,  McDaniels'  M"=i5anii 

M'Son^eil/     """     '  '^°°^°°''"'  Macdanniels,  McDannil,  MoDanold,  M^DanoWs,  McDonfet 


McDonald,  M'Donal,  Mcdonald,' "M'-Donais,'  M-DonanaMV  MoDonefd,'  McDoneir  ■M=i)oinaY 
M^DTO°eU  Mc'd?'*     ""      ■  **'^'"'°el.  McDonnell.  M»DonnoId.  McDnAn™  Mcn„l,„,H    "°°^^^' 


P??°T?''  *''l'<""i<^ll.  M»DoniioId,  McDonol,  McDonold. 


McFad'ion.        '^'°'  ^°^''^<"°'  M'Fadding,  M^Faddon,  McradenVMcFadian/Mcradien,' 
McFall,  McFal'ls,  M'FaliT.'. 

K!E^"'?i  M'Farran,  M.;Farren,  Mcfarrin,  MTFarron.^I^Ferren  S?F„rl'' M^S^;;;,;" 


i^:^s^s^^^£0smsmssmis^ 


M=GiU,  M  Gill,  Mcgiu,  Mace 
McGinnis,  McGinnes,    ' 

Meginnes,  Meginnis 

M'Goweu,  McOowan,  M'  Gowin,  MVdiwn,  McGowns 
M'Graw,  M'Gra,  M'Grah,  Magraw,  Mograw 


Mcp!  !'  i    G"'^Mcgill,  Macpill,  MaGill  Magill,  MeagYli,'Megil7MeKiU 
""uZ'^k^^l^^h  *''°"^'«^'  ""''"°'^-  ka8in^es,'Ma|inis,  l^a'g'i 


Maginness,  Maginnis,' Megiii'es. 


M^Gnie,  M'-Grew 

ulu^?'  ^;S^!!;  ""S"'?' MiK-'i^.  M^Buire;  McGuyer,MaGuire;MaBuire:  MW^niW; 


M.  nenry,"M.-nenar"y,  MViieS"ery""°'  '"'^'^"'""  '""""■V".  Mauuire,  Maguire,  Meguier. 


^,l]ff\<  'i'''^'"',;i''i!  '^a<:'n;<',sh.  Mcintush;  MackendorshVii^kentush  ' 
M'lvcr,  Mctver,  McEvers,  M'lvair,  M'lvers  j^omuin. 

Mckay,  Macay,  M-Cay  M^Hay,  McRae,  MacKay'.  Mackav,Mckays' " ' 
Mckean,  Mckeand,  McKeen.  M"Keene,  McRein  McReine         ^^'^'^■■■- 


Mc'l^'i';''; ^L'^^f!"'','  *'\'i';!P' ,M=L'ale'p,  McCalop.  Mckeliip,'  Mckeilnp'  McKilVon 

M«Iv  nley,  McCnIey,  Mcdnly.  Mcinley,  McRindlev,  M«Kinlav  MSktalv  

McKimien,  McCiuuan,  McKennon,  McKinnin,  Mckinnon  ^ 


5.1 
6,7 
5,7 
6.  a 
0,2 
5,3 

4.8 

4.9 

5.3 

5.9 


5.3 


5.6 
5.6 


5.5 

5,7 

5.6 
6,0 
5,1 


5,7 
5,4 

6,5 
6,9 
7,5 


5,8 

5,5 

5,8 
6.1 


4.9 
5.3 
5,6 


6.8 
5.5 

5.8 

6.7 
4.6 

5.5 
4.6 


4.8 
6.5 

5.3 
6.4 
5,6 

6.5 
6,9 
6,7 
6,0 

5.2 
4.8 
6,2 
5.3 
6.2 

5.4 
5,8 
5,7 
4,8 


111 
23 
20 
60 
27 
45 

126 

27 

63 

178 

72 

54 
156 


66 
44 

124 
46 
22 


43 

224 

64 
24 
37 


4C0 
132 
94 
214 
114 
194 

499 

106 

265 

873 


308 


251 
712 


100 


208 

565 
231 
91 


200 
994 

354 
141 
240 


206 

330 
135 
33 


154 
86 

49 
34 
34 

38 
18 
74 
28 

204 
78 
22 

104 
37 

234 
19 
47 
25 


354 
258 
92 


858 

1,291 

687 
151 
250 

155 

246 


225 
107 


721 
96 


585 
388 

212 
151 
160 

172 
107 
351 
141 

851 
297 
114 
442 
193 

1,031 

92 

220 

94 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


13 


14 


22 


15 


26 


27 


25  37 
4 
2 
18 
9 


20 


13 
3 


7  14 

7  1 

5  4 

11 


7 
23 


11 
22 


26 


10 

n 


10 
13 


38 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


253 


Table  111. 


-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1700-Continued. 


U'lCinney,  M'Clney,  M'Cinney,  M'CInny.  U'Heney,  U'Hinney,  H'Kener,  U'KeniMy, 
M'kenney,  M'Kenny,  M'Klney,  M'Klnna,  M°Klnne,  MacKinney,  M'KJmiey,  M'Klnnle 
M'Kinny,  M'klnny,  M'Klny ' 

M'Klnsey.  M<'in«<y,  M'Cinzie,  M^nsey,  M'Keiisec,  M'Keiiscy.  Jhkensie.  M<kensy7M»Kenile 
Mackenzie,  M'Kenzy,  M'Kliisay,  M"Kliiseg,  M«Klnsel,  M'Klnsey,  M"Kliisie,  M'Klnssy, 
M'"Ivinsy,  M'^Kinzey,  M^Kiuzie 

M'Kishot'k,  M'Kessltk,  M'Kessiik,  M'Kleseck,  M'KJslck,  M'KlsocW  M'kissackrM'KJsseck, 
M^Kissek.  M^Ki.^sick.  M^Kissix.  M-^Kissock.  M'Klssox 

M'KniKhl.  M'KneiKlit,  M'Kilito,  M'Knilt,  M'Ni'i;ht,  M'NIght,  ii'Nllx.. ./.......... .....''.'.'. 

M'Laiighlln.  M'i:iuolil;iii(l,  M'daclilond.  M'lihiL'hlin.  M'Olauchlln,  M'Olaughjan,'MVoiaiii!hlln,' 
M'Cilochlan.  M'<;iothlanil,  M'<ilochleil.  M'i;iocklln,  M'<;luhlan.  M'iMohlin.  M'<lluiighlan, 
M'Oloughlin.  M'Kloiighlin,  M'l.whiand,  M  LiM-lilMl,  M-Luchlln.  M'l.iicklln.  M'l.aghlln, 
M'Laigtilln.  M'Laiighlan,  M'Lauglilaud,  M'l,;ii]!;hlen.  M'Laughllii,  U'  Laughllng,  M'Lauglln, 
M'Llaughlin,  M^LfK-klin.  M^Ioiighlin,  MMjighlin 

M'l^aii,  M'Claen.  M'(  lain,  M'clain,  M'(  lalne,  M'Clane,  M'Clean,  M'Clene,  Maclaln,  M«LiUi, 
M<^lain,  M^Luinn.  M^LiUie,  M'luno,  M'-Lean,  if^Iean,  M^Leane,  M^Loain,  U'^Lene 

Mfl,<nn()re.  XKleinore,  M*^ Lamar.  M'^Lainuro.  M^I,enioore,  Mat-lemore 

M'Leoii,  MH'laii.l,  M'Cleod,  M'Cload,  M'I'lodc,  M'Clond.  M'Load,  M'lxiud.  Macloud 

M'Lcrran,  M'Claran,  M'C  laren,  M'Clarin,  M'Claron.M'Clarren,  M'Clerin,  M'Clerran.  M'Cleiren, 
M^flerroii,  il^Laren.  M'l^ran 

M^Mahan,  M^Mahen.  M'Maliens,  M<^Mahhan,  M^MaliiD,  MoMahon,  M«Mayan,  M«MetLan 

M ^Masters,  M^Marster.  M-^Mansters,  MfMastcr 

M'Mlchael.  M'Mical.  M'Michal,  JI'Mieheal,  M'Michel.  M«Mlckle,  M«Mlhal,  M'Mlkel 

M'.Mii:en,  M'Mellen,  M'Mellens.  M'Millan,  M'mlllan,  M'mlllen,  M'Mllllan,  M'MUIIn,  M'Uilllon, 
M'nillllon,  Macmilllon,  M'Millon 

M'Min,  .M'Mlnn,  M'ilins 

M'Mtillen.  M'Mollen,  M'Mullan,  M'Mulland,  M^ullen,  U'Mullen,  M-Mullens,  MoMulIln, 
M'MnMInd,  Sil^iMiillIng,  M«Mullon,  M«Mullun,  M'^Mulyen 

M 'M iirphy .  M 'M  iirphey 

M'Miirray,  M'Muny.  M'Murrev,  M'Murry 

M  =  Nair,  M'Naro,  .M'.Voar,  M'Neor,  M'Xolr,  M'Nlrc 

M^Xaii;;hton,  M^Xiulon,  M^Xatiin,  M'-Nalton,  M'NaughtIa,  Macoaugbton 

M'.Ni civ,  M'Kncllv.  M-Nrally,  M'Nealy,  M'Nellv 

M'NkI,"  M'Knial,M'.\.al,  Sla<  ntal,  M'Ncalo,  M'Ncall,  M'HmI,  M'Necl,  M°Neele,  M°NeeU, 
M'Ncil,  MacNoil,  M 'NVile.  M 'Nolll,  M«NI(11 

Mcpherson,  M-^Farsht-n,  M<'Farshon,  M'^Farson,  MaoFashion,  Macfason,  M^Fawson,  M'FcrcIn, 
MeFcrshion,  M''Fersin,  M'^Fersion,  M^ferston,  M^Ferson,  Meferson,  M^Pharson,  Macpberson.. 

M'Qucen,  M^qnian 

M'Rae.  M'Crac,  M'Cray,  M'Cre,  M'Crea,  M'Kra}-,  M-'Ra,  M«Kay,  M«ray,  M<Rea,  U'Reo 

M'.Swainc,  M<:Sw3ln.  M'Swane 

M'tyre,  M'Teer,  M«Tecre,  M'Tere,  M»Tler,  M«Tiere,  M«Tyer,  M«Tyre 

M'Vav,  M  Vay,  M'Vea;  M  Vea,  M'Vcagh,  M'Vey,  M  Vey,  M«Vie 

M'WIiortcr 

M'WlIllanis,  MoWllliam 

Meach 

Meacham,  Meat-hem,  Meachum,  Mechcm,  Meehum,  Meecham 

Mead,  Meade,  Meades,  Meads,  Mcde,  Medes,  Meed,  Meeds,  Meld 

Meader,  Mcaders,  Meador,  Meadors.  Meder,  Mccder 

Meadows,  Madows,  Meadow,  Medows 

Means,  Mcancs,  Moeans,  Mecn .  M c  ens,  Mcin 

Mears.  Moair,  Mcar,  .Mcare,  Meers.  Mrini *• 

Medlin,  Mi'dlen,  Mi-dliMig,  Mcdlin;;,  Medlong 

Mcekir,  Meaker,  Michor,  Meehur,  Metkor,  Meecker.  Meker 

Mocks,  Meak,  Mcake,  Meaks,  Meetk,  Meecke,  Meek,  Meeke 

Meigs.  Mei'gs.  Mciggs 

Melchor,  Mih  hear.  Jlekhoir,  Melcbcr,  Metker 

Mellen.  Mcllin,  Mclllng.  .Mcllins,  Mellon 

McUlngiT,  Mlllenger.  llillinger 

Meloney,  Melona,  Melonay,  Melony,  Meloony,  Melowney 

Meloy,  "Malloy,  Maloy,  Melloy,  Molloy,  Mulloy 

Mellon 

Melvin.  Melven 

Mendall,  Mendal,  Mcndell .■■■.■.•  v;  "•  j;  ■■,.■  iV  \.' " ii  L'  '.i '  V>"  i' '  'n" 

Mcndingall,  Mcndenal,  Mcndenall,  McndcnbaJI,  Mendinall,  MendiDgbolI,  Mendintaall,  MenlnaU, 
Meningali,  Mondenall 

Mercer 

Merchant 

Meredith.  Meredeth.  Merldeth,  Mcridlth 

Merkcl,  Merckcl,  Mi  rcle,  Merkcle,  Merkell,  Merkll,  Merkle,  Murkic 

Mcrriarn,  Meriam.  Miriam -.■.■••■.;■■;;;■ '  V 'V.'i" ' L" »>i.;i"_VV»'il»*w* 'miUIL* ' 

Merrit  k.  Mera<  k.  Mcragh,  Merick,  Merricks,  Memk,  Mlrach,  Mlrcck.  MUlch,  Mlrlck,  MIrIek, 
Mirrick,  M\Tick .-•;;■■.■.;■,".■",■. n'l  i 

MerrlHeld,  Marafield,  Marrlfleld,  Maryfield,  Merefelld,  Merineld,  MerryOeld      ..^.......^.... 

Merrill.  .Merell,  Meril,  Merlll,  MerUls,  Merrcl,  MerreU,  Mcrrells,  MciTcIs,  Merrll,  McrrUIe,  Merrllb, 

Mcr^inlaii.'  Meremdn,'  Mertmaii' ' MOTenian,' Merrymaii,'  MenVmoon,  Merrj-moone,  MIrljnan, 
llcr}il™MereVt;  Merit,' Me'rittVMcmtt,Me^et^^  Merrits',  Merrot,  Mlriit,  MIrritt.. 

Merrow,  Mero,  Merow •  • •  • ii'lU,. 

Merry.  Mairy,  Marey.  Marry,  Mary,  Mao'S,  Mercy,  Mcrrey,  Meirie 

Meserve,  .\Iesserve -•--■ ;;:■•, — J 

Messenger.  Me^enger,  Mesinger.  Mcssinger.  Mlsingcr.  Mlsslnger 

Messer.  .Mcscr,  Mcsier,  Messar,  Mcssers ■.■.■■.■■,■."•■:<'  VViM^li'" 

Metcalf,  Madcalf.  MedcaO.  Medcalf,  MedkiO,  MidcaH,Mldcu(s,  Mitcalf -■...-. 

Metzg^;  Ma"get:  Mel^,"Metsger.Me{sker:  llietzear;  -^-Izer;  Mj^^^M*^^^ -^l^'  ^^^  • 
Mever,  Maher,  Mair,  Maire,  Maircs,  Mairs.  Marc,  Mares,  Mayer.  Mayers,  Majhr,  Ma)or3,  Ue>en, 

MkSMicSTincaUMichaeisfMichai/MichaiKMid^ 

Michle,  .Mickel.  Mickcll,  Mickle,  Mickles,  Mibacl.  Mikell '.'."'.'.'.'.'. 

Micheau,  Michaux,  Micheaux 

Mlddlehrook,  Middlcbrooks,  Midlebrook ■■■■■■■■ 

Middleton.  Midelton,  Midleton.  Myddelton,  Myddleton [\]l\[\][['."[\"'.'.'.\'. 

Minfi^ra.  Mi'lbera:  M  iVbora;  Milbourn,Miibiii;  MlillMiuiiVMlUbiii".': ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 

MUes,  Mial,  Mials,  J'ylcs 


S.S 
6.4 


6.4 

6.6 
4.9 
4.0 

6.7 
6.0 
6.4 


6.8 
6.4 

6.4 
6.6 
5.7 
6.1 
4.8 
6.» 

6.6 

6.0 
4.6 
6.8 
4.6 
5.8 
4.0 
5.6 
5.1 
7.1 
5.2 
5.0 
6.2 
4.6 
6.6 
5.0 
5.4 
4.6 
5.4 
6.2 
6.0 
4.7 
6.8 
5.0 
4.9 
5.1 
5.4 
5.6 

5.8 
5.6 
5.2 
6.8 
6.0 
6.8 

5.6 
«.0 

6.0 

5.8 
6.6 
6.9 
6.8 
&0 

a6 

6.2 

5.8 
6.9 
6.7 

5.8 

6.9 
6.1 

&e 

5.1 
6.0 
6.0 
6.6 


160 


118 


128 

278 
24 
132 

32 
41 
60 
30 

91 
17 


738 


410 


106 
413 


1,266 
94 
477 

161 
1«« 
272 
167 

436 
91 


164  723 

20  80 
27  I  126 
49  \  203 

21  80  . 

22  108 
I 

168  :  764  . 


121  ' 

24  I 
106 

22 

18 

35 

19 

44 

16 

48 
282 

<• 
43 
40 
38 
20 
44 
60 
30 
23 
31 
16 
20 
26 
45 
30 
21 

44 

62 
66 
68 
41 
81 

143 
23 


4K9 
87 
606 

78  ^ 
67 
137 


■SAM  or  FAiousa. 


179 

91  ... 
248  ... 

,386  I  1 

212  2 

164  ... 

263  4 

162  1 
87  I... 

163  1... 
250  ... 
166  ... 
114  I  4 
114  ... 

92  ... 
103 
101 
183 
132 

95 


..I  I 


256 

278  .... 
237   1 

336  .... 
304  ;  .... 
3 


659 
116 


375  1,870 


107 
200 

24 
42 
21 
66 
60 
126 
29 
27 

157 

132 
18 
18 
72 
23 
24 

30O 


513 
920 
118 
20O 
106 
306 
269 
605 
141 
127 

763 

660 
91 
83 
297 
111 

oe 

906 


10 


1 

.„ .... 


14 


15 
9 
7  48 


1 

4 

'i 

8  23' 


38 
18 
8 
3 

j'ii 
'U 


86 


13  10 
3 


3  .... 

14  I  13 

>  1 

6  1 
11  .... 
18  .... 

•  3 

7  3 


3 

4 

3 
« 

• 
4 

19 

33 

US 

11  87 

S  .... 

8  .... 

1  14 


1   1  15 
9  38  10 


33 


254 

Table  111. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


NOMENCLATURE  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  T^TIITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
-^^^^^^^^        AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-CoBtmued.  


Milev.  Milio.  Milley,  Milly...... ;■;;; 

S'M^"^.iSl"'^^;MiUaie;mil^;i^^^^  

5J'M''*;n"' MiLin  "Mu'ean"  Mirekin  '  MilVg^ui:  MiiiBin:  •MiYitan":  Miiiken,-  Milikin,  MiUagan, 
"•mISd  iime^g^  M.m?an'^S&  Mi&.  Milflkan,  MiUiken.  MiHikin 


Millins.  Millin,  Milling,  Millon. 

Mills.  Mill,  Mils 

MiUspough 

Milton,  Milten -  - •  ■  -. ii-J" ' ' 

Miner  Miners,  Minner.  Minnor,  Minor,  Myner.. 

Minich,  Mincck,  Minick.  Minicks,  Minmck 

Minot,  Minott. 


MUehei,''Mtethel!'MiTchei;  uM^  Miichai;  Mitehali;  Miichele;  MYtcheli,-  Miicheis,'  MiichieU, 
Uitcliil,  Mittchel \["..\..[ 

Mixon,  Mixen 

Mobley,  Mobly 


Mock. 


Mofi't   Morfet.  Morlit.  Morfits,  Morfitls.  Muffet. 

Moncrief,  Moncrietl,  Miincrief,  Miincriep,  Mimcnfle 

Money.  Monee,  Moanys,  Mony.  Muuey,  Muniiie '.'.'.'.'.'.'... 

Montaeue  "Montaikue,'  Montaiige,'  Montgue,  Montigue,  Mountague 

MonWort  ■'tfonford  Monfort.  Montford.^ountford,  Munford.  Monfort,  Mimtford ^....■ 

K  mmery    Mongmnery,  Montgomary,  Montgoraeroy,  Montgominery,  Montgomorey   Mont- 

™rSrs.Iontgunr;nary:Montg>-  Motgomery,  Mountgomary,  Mountgomery,  iToiintgHmry 

Moody,  Mody,  'Moodey,  Moodie,  Mooty,  Moudy 

Moon.  Moone  


Mooney,  Moonie,  Moony -  —  v/  "J." '  U:.:,.:^' ' 

Moore,  Moers,  Mohr,  Moor,  Moores,  Moors,  More,  Mores,  Moure. 


Moran.  Morang,  Morans. . 

Morehead.  Moorehead,  Morehed,  Morhead. 


Morey,'Ma;i;-ay;Maurev,  Mamy,  MMrey:  Morai;  Moray;  Mor'ei^',  Morrey;  Morrie,  MotiV,  Mory, 
Mourev  Mowery,  Mo'wra,  Mowre.  Mowrey,  Mowry ■- <;'\:"\'r",^i.\;^' 

Morgan  Maughan.Maiighon,  Morgain,  Morgen,  Morggen,  Morgin.  Morgon.  Moiighan.  Moughon. 

Morfill  \Ioirel  Moral.  Morel.  Morell,  Morill.  Morral,  Morrall.  Morrel,  Morrell,  Moml...     

MoKis.' -Maurice,  Moorite.  Morece,  Moress,  Moris,  Morish,  Moriss,  Morits,  Moritz,  Morres.  Morress, 


MOTfeon^'MM'rifoi,  MomonVMorisoii;  Momson,' MorrissonVMorriston,  Morrosen,  Morroson, 


Morrowson 

Morrow.  Moroo,  Morow,  Morraw,  Morrows,  Murrow. 

Morse.  Moorso,  Morss 

Morton.  .Mortain,  Morten,  Mortin,  Mortom 

Moseley,  Mosely,  Mosley,  Mossley,  Mossly 

Moser,  Moasser,  Mosir,  Mosser,  Mossir 

Moses,  Mosses. 


Mosier,  Moslier,  Moshier,  Moshure,  Mosure,  Mosyer,  Mozier 

Moss,  Maus,  .Uoess,  Mosce 

Motley.  Mottlev 

Mott.'.Mot,  Mote.  Motes.  Motte.  Motts,  Motz 

Moule.  Moale.  Mole.  Moles.  Moul 

Moulton,  Molten,  Molton,  Moulten 

Mount,  .Mont,  Montz,  Mounce,  Mounts,  Mountz 

Mourer.  Mourir 

Mower,  Mowerer,  Mowers,  Mowrer 

Moxley,  Muxley -  • ■  ■ 

Moyer.  ,Moier,  Moir,  Moires,  Moirs,  Moyar,  Meyers,  Moyr,  Moyre. 
Mu'dd,  Mud 


Mudge 

Mudget,  Mudgett,  Muget,  Mugett,  Mugget,  Muggett. 
Mul  lord 


Mull 

Mullen,  Mullin,  Mullinax,  MtJlon. 
MuUer. 


Mullican,  Mulliken,  Mullikin,  Mullokin 

Mullins.  .MulUngs 

Munilord.  Mumloort,  Mumplord 

Munday ,  Monday,  Munde,  Miindy 

Mundin,  Munden,  Mundine 

Munger,  Mungar 

Munn,  Man ■ 

Munroe,  M»Row,  Monro,  Monroe,  Monrow,  Munro,  Munrow 

MunscU,  Monsel,  Muncil,  Munsel,  MunsU,  Mimsill 

Munsoa,  Monsen,  Monson 

Murch.  Morclie 

Murdock.  Moordock,  iiordack,  Mordoch,  Mordock,  Moredock,  Moredocke,  Murdeck,  Murdick, 


Murdoch. 


Murphy,  Mortey,  Morphy.  Murfee,  Murfpy,  Murtree,  Murtrey,  Murfy,  Murphey,  Murphree,  Mur- 

phrcy,  Murphrv,  Murproy.  Murpry,  Murpy 

Murray,  Muray,  Murev.  Murrah,  Murree,  Murrey,  Murry 

Murreil.  Murrel.  Murri'l.  MurriU 

Murrin.  Murrain,  Murran,  Murren,  Murrine,  Murring 


Muse. 

Musgrove,  Musgrave ;;■■■:,■, ;;■■■; .VV \V 1' 

Musselman,  Moesselman,  Muselman,  Mussillman,  Mussleman,  Musslman,  Mussulman. 

Musscr,  Muser 

Muzzy,  Muzy,  Muzze,Muzzey... ......   .....     ;;■-■ 

Myers,  Miars,  Mier,  Miers,  Mire,  Mires,  Myars,  Myas,  Myer,  Myor,  Myre,  Myres,  Myrs. 


5.9 
5.4 
5.7 
5.6 

5.8 
6.0 
5.6 
6.7 
6.7 
5.3 
5.0 
6.4 
7.8 

5.6 
5.1 
6.3 
5.9 
6.3 
6.5 

6.0 
6.3 
6.1 
5.4 
5.6 
6.0 

5.4 
6.1 
6.2 
5.4 
5.6 
6.0 
5.5 
5.3 
6.1 

5.9 
5.7 
6.1 

5.5 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


17 

52 

2,225 

37 

91 

18 
423 
17 
29 
200 
25 
25 
25 

704 
48 
16 
25 
34 
19 

87 
16 
34 
33 
47 
32 

223 
190 
71 
43 
1,724 
25 
33 
82 
38 

164 
604 
188 

608 


84 

228 

10,469 

171 

435 

90 

1,926 

97 

164 


24 


5  1 
138  31 
22   1 

3 

5 
36 


5.7 

6.0 

5.9 

5.5 

5.5 

5.5 

6.0 

5.5 

5.9 

5.9 

6.6 

6.5 

5.6 

5.8 

5.9 
5.7 

6.1 

6.1 
5.6 
6.4 
5.6 
5.4 
5.8 
4.8 
6.2 
6.3 
5.6 
5.5 
6.6 
4.6 
5.6 
5.9 
5.7 
5.0 
5.6 
4.8 
5.8 

5.5 

5.3 
5.3 
4.5 
5.6 
5.0 
6.3 
6.1 
6.9 
6.8 
5.8 


101 
136 
171 

3,201 
195 
85 
122 
180 
104 

437 
85 
172 
146 
215 
160 

982 
970 
370 
191 
7,977 
124 
149 
354 
195 


2,838 
952 

2,741 

1,581 
674 
2,112 
1,170 
537 
361 
404 
601 
710 

89 
729 

94 
726 
115 

89 
201 

96 


337 
134 
435 

262 
118 

81 

88 
147 
144 

18 
159 

17 
159 

24 

18 

43 

19 
218  11,114 


24 

no 

24 

129 

22 

101 

25 

109 

19 

91 

,59 

Z£^ 

28 

146 

20 

106 

30 

139 

71 

.322 

30 

137 

23 

S2 

49 

225 

36 

176 

192 

903 

24 

95 

105 

480 

23 

88 

19 

92 

110 


41 
30 
20 
21 
33 
23 
16 
404 


8  21 
101  356 


27 


498 

1,311 
1,236 
145 
137 
80 
112 
168 
135 
92 
1,948 


10 


13 


3 

1  1 

172  152 
...   1 

2  1 
38'  34 


73 


17  68 


23 


5  30 

95  48 

1  33 


32 


83 


109 


110 
1 

13 
8 
33 


18 


1 
3 
3 
2 
1 

46 


3 

55  115 
1 


119 


11 

4 
5 
3 

3 
6 
1 
3 


40 
15 
3 

i2S 
1 

4 


46 
5 

56 

12 

31 

2 

6 

10 


11 
1 

12 
3 
2 


45 

29 
11 


22   26 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


255 


Nace,  Naess,  Nase,  Nass 

Nacle,  Nagnl ,  Nagleo,  Naigly 

Nail,  Nallp,  Nails,  Nale,  Nayle  

Nally,  Nallrfi,  Nalley '.'.'.'..'. 

Nauco,  Nan! z '.'.'.'/.'.'.'..'. 

Nash  Knash '.'.V.'.'.'.'/.'/.'.'.'.'.'..". 

Nason,  Nasson,  Nayson '.'."'.'.'.'.'. ' 

Navi" ,  Knave,  Kn<'a%'cs,  Ncave ...!..... 

Naylor,  Nailer,  Xfiilor,  Nalnr  

NealT,  Kii:mf   Kiuaf  KnuU  Naaf ,  Nsiic '  Niil.'  Ncof,'  Neifs,'  Neil','  Nd'ff 

Nca  ,  Kno«l,  Kncil,  Neall,  Neale,  Neall,  Neals,  Noel,  NeeU,  kell.  Nelll  h 

Nit'l,-"  ' 


Niel,  NiGle,  NIcU,  Nlelle, 


N^V^dc^:  Noly .^nK'^.'. ^.'^?'.'.!!"^.^'.  ^.^!'^] '^^^'-  '^'^"^'-  ''*«"*'y ■  N'"'«V; NiiUy; 


Nocdham,  Ncadhom,  Ncadum,  Nedom. 
Necly, 

Nelly   .^ 

Neor,  Lner,  Knorr,  Near,  Nears,  Nler 

Nellis ;.. 

Nclms,  Nell,  Nellos,  Nolmes,  Nlil 

Nelson,  Nealson,  Neekon,  Nellson,  Nelison,  NiBison;'Niilso'n','NUsoD  " 


'^NisWt  'nUwIi'  ■^'"^''"'  ^''^^^'  Ncisbit,  Nelsbitt,  Nesbct,  Nesbeu','N'«blt,'NbbeV,'NtaboVt, 

Nesinl th ,  Xe;isnilth ,  Ne-smi th,  No  'snilth 

Nettles,  Knelile,  Knittols,  Knittle,  Nettle l]]]]]]]" 

M„tt1,il,^n       KTitll. >,...,  •••-•--•--.■.•..■■...............,...,, 


Nettleion,  Nitlleton 

Novlll.  .Navel,  .\aviU.  Navle,  Neavei,  Novel, 'No'veli,' 'Nevols,' 'Nev'li' 'Novliie ' 

Nevliis,  Nevon,  Nevens,  Nerin 

New,  Knew,  News,  Nuso V.'.'.'. 

Newbury,  Newberry !.!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![ 

Newby . 


Newcomb,  Ncweani,  Newcom,  Newcombe,  Ncwcomo,  Neweum,  Newcumb,  Nucomb  Nucum 
Newcomer,  Newcumbcr,  Neweumer.  Newkomer,  Nleomer,  Sleweomcr 

Newell,  Newal,  Newall,  Newel,  Newil,  Newlll,  Nuel 

Ncwhall  


Newkirk,  Neuklrk,  New kerk,  Nikork 

Newland ,  Newlan .  Newlands,  Newlen,  Newlln,  Newling,  Nuiand,  NiilVn,  Nullii 

Newman,  Neiinmn,  Newmcn,  Newmon, NIeuman,  Nouman,  Numan,  Niimans, Nuinon  ......" 

Newsom,  Newsomo,  Newsum 

Newton ,  Neuton,  Newtown ,  Nuton '...'.'.'. 

Nice,  Kneese,  Kncisse,  Knies,  Ncaee,  Ncase,  Neecc,  Necs,  Neese,  Nelce,  NelcsiNeliB,  Niece', 

Nlse 

Nicely,  Kniceley.  Knisely,  Knlssley,  Nceslcv,  Neesly,  Neicelv,  NIreley,  NIchlcy,  NIsciy! 

Nicholas,  Nlthalas,  Nichales.  Nicholes.  Nirkolas.  Nicolas,  N'liolaus. . . ; 

Nichols,  Neiihols,  Nuhall,  NIchalls,  Nichals,  Nichels.  Nlchol.  Nichol'l.  NIcholds.  Niclioil,  NIcholis 

NIckals,  Nickels,  Nickle,  Nickles,  Nickless,  Nlckolds,  NIckolls,  Nkkols,  Nicies,  NIcoi,  Nicole, 

Nlcoll,  Nicolls,  Nicols 

Nicholson,    Nlihalson,  Nicholson,  NIcbolason,  NIcholdson,  NIchoiscn,  Nlclioisln,  Nlckieson, 

NIckolson,  NicolsoD,  Nlcolsons 

Nickerson,  NIccoson,  Nlcherson,  NicldrsoD,  Nickison,  Nlkerson V.'.'.'. 

N lies.  Nile,  NIols,  Nyles 

NIms 


Nixon,  Nickson,  Nixen,  Nixson 

Noble.  Knoble,  Nobel,  Nobels,  Nobles 

Noland,  Knowland,  Knowlon,  Nolan,  Nolen,  Nolland,  Nowlan,  Nowland,  Nowlen,  Nowlln. 
Norcoit,  Norcut,  Norcute,  Norcutt,  Northcut,  Northcutt 

Norcross . 


Nortlcet,  Norflct,  Nornett 

Norman,  Normand,  Normant,  Normen.Nomient 

Norns,  Narris,  Noris,  Norress,  Norrice,  Norrise,  Norrlss 

North,  Noth 

Northro[),  Northoop,  Nortborp,  Northropo,  Nortbroup,  Northrup,  Northup,  Nortrip,  Nortrup, 

Nothrop 

Norton,  Norlin,  Nortine,  Noteo,  Noton 

Non^'ood 

Nostrand,  Nostrant 

Nourse,  Nurse,  Niirss 

Noycs,  Noice,  Nois,  Noyce,  Noye,  Noys,  Noyso 

Null,  Knull 

Nunnallv,  Nunally,  Nunley,  Nunnelly 

Nutt,  Khutt,  Nut,  Nutc,  Nutts 

Nuttor 

Nutting 

Nye,  Nie,  Nigh 


Oakley,  Oakly,  Okelov,  Okely 

Oaks,  Oachs,  Oak,  Oa'kes,  Oakh.  Ocks,  Okes 

Oaswald,  Osswald.  Ostwalt,  Oswald,  Oswalt,  Oswcll,  Oswclt. 

Oats.  Oat,  Oates,  Oatts 

Ober,  Obar. 


Oberholtzer,  Oborholtz,  Oberholzer,  Ovcrhobier,  Overholsa,  Ovcrholse,  Overholser,  Overholtter, 
Ovcrholzer 

O'Brvan,  Obcion,  Oblrant,  O'Boven,  O'Brlan,  Olirlan,  O'Briant,  Obrianl,  O'Brien,  O'brlen, 
Obricn,  OBrlent,  Obrlent,  Olirfon,  Obriont,  Obrvan,  OBryant,  Obrjant,  O'Bryon 

Odell,  Oadoll,  Oddlo,  Odel,  O'Dell,  Odellc,  OdU,  Odle,  O'DIc 

Odom,  Odam,Oddum,  Odem,  Odiom,  Odum 


Ollutt. 

Ogden,  Octdon,  Ogdon 

Ogle  ■ 

OKlesliyi  'OReibv,  0)!erv','OKllb'v,'OElliby,  Ogllsby,  Opiebay,  Oglobo,  ORleby,  Oglmbcy,  Ogllsbey. 

Olcott,  Olcot,  Olcut,  Olcutt,  Ollcott 

Oldham,  Oaldham,  Oaldhum,  Oldam,  Oldhane ■ 

Olds,  Oalds,  01  I,  Olcs,  Olts ••• 

Oliver,  Olefer,  Olifer,  Oliphcr,  Ollavor,  Ollefer,  Olllvcr,  OlllTor,  Olovor.OIver...^... ........... 

Olmsted,  Olmested,  Olmstead,  Olmstord,  Omstoad,  Omsled,  Onatcad,  Ormsted,  Ornutld,  UUn- 
sted,  Umpstead,  (jmstad,  t'mstead,  Umsted 


256 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  111.— NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Olney 

Onderdunk,  Onderdonck,  Onderdonk.  Onderkirk 

O'Neal,  O'Nail.  Onail.  Onailes,  Ooale,  Oncale.  Oneal,  ONeale,  Oneale,  Oneales,  ONeall,  Oneall, 

O'Neals,  OXeil,  Oneil.  O  Xeill,  Oniel,  Oniell,  Orneal 

Orcutt,  Orcott,  Orcult,  Orcut 

Ordway ,  Ordav.  Ordeway 

Orme,  Orem,  Orm,  Ornis 

Ormsby,  Ormby,  Onnsbe,  Ormsbee,  Ormsbey,  Ormsbry,  Ormsbury,  Ornsbey,  Ornsbough, 

Ornsby 

Ome,  Orn,  Ornd,  0ms 

Orr,  Oar,  Ore,  Ores 

Orton,  Orten 

Orvis 

Osborn.  Orsbern,  Orsbom,  Orsborne,  Orsbourn,  Orsbum,  Osban,  Osbern,  Osbon,  Osbone, 

Osborne,  Osboum,  Osboume,  Osburn,  Osburne,  Ossbum,  Ozborn,  Ozborne,  Ozburn,  Ozburne 

Osgood,  Ossgood 

Osterhout,  Oserhout,  Oslerhout,  Osterhant,  Osterhont,  Osterhoudt 

Ostrander,  Ostranda.  Ostrandar,  Ostronder 

Ostrum,  Ostram,  Ostrom 

Otis,  Oties,  Ottis 

Ott,  Ots,  Otts 

Outlaw 

Overholt,  Overboils,  Overholtz,  Overhults 

Overman,  Oberman 

Overton,  Overturn 

Owen,  Oans,  Oens,  Oings,  Owans,  Owens,  Owin,  Owing,  O wings,  Owins,  Owns 

Pace,  Paice,  Pase 

Packard.  Packad,  Parkard "  " 

Packer,  Paca,  Paceher,  Pacehore,  Paker [['_ 

Paddock,  Paddack.  Paddocks 

Padgett.  Padget,  Padjet,  Padjit,  Paget,  Pagett,  Pagget,  Paggett,  Paggit,  Paggot,  Paghert'Pagit 

Padleford,  Paddleford 

Page.  Paige,  Peaige ] 

Painter,  Panter,  Payntar [ 

Palmer,  Paimere,  Palmor.  Palmore,  Palmour,  Pamer,  Parmar,  Parmer,  Parmor,' Farmore,  Poliner 

Pardy ,  I'arde,  Pardee,  Pardey,  Pardie 

Paree,  Parrey,  Parry !!!"!!!!!!!!!!] 

Parham,  Parram,  Pamun,  Perham,  Perhiim ./......, 

Parish,  Parrish,  Perrish 

Parker.  Parcher,  Parkers [. 

Parkhiu^t,  Parckhurst,  Parkhast,  Parkherst,  Parkhurt 

Parkinson,  Parkenson,  Parkison [[ 

Parkman 

Parks,  Parcks,  Park,  Parke,  Parkes,  Parkess.  Parkis,  Pearks 

Parraalie,  Palmerly,  Pamely,  Pamerly.  Pannala,  Parraale.  Parmalee,  PannelarParmele 'Pann'&- 

lee,  Parmeley,  Parmella,  Parmely,  Parmerle,  Parmerlev,  Parmerly,  Parmile,  Parmly 

Parmenter,  Parmentor,  Parrainter,  Permenler 

Pamieter,  Palmater,  Palmatier,  Palmatus,  Palmetier,  Palinitter,  Parinarter,  Pamater   Par- 

merter,  Parmeta,  Parmiter,  Permater ^ 

Parr ][[[ 

Parrott,  Pairott,  Paret,  Parott,  Parratt,  Parrot,  Parrett,  ParrioVt,  Pairit"  PairoV  Perret  Perrett' 

Parsons,  Parsins,  Parson,  Parston ' 

Partridge,  Pardridge,  Partaradge,  Partrich,  Partrige,  Pateridge;"patridge,'Patrige,"PaU^^^ 

"attriclge ........,....,.,, -.....---. .....,,i......... 

Paschael,  Pascal,  Pascall,  Pascault,  Paschal,  Paschall,  Paschcali,  Pascheal  PaseheV  Paskall 
Passmore,  Pasmoore,  Pasmore,  Pasmour '  ' 

Patch !;!;!;!.;;; 

Patchin,  Patchen,  Patching,  Patchon ['.'.'.'.'.'. 

Pate^  Paits,  Pates 

Patrick,  Partrick,  Patcrick,  Patnc,  Patrich,  Pattrick. 

Patten,  Paten,  Paton,  Pattan,  Pattin,  Patton 

Patterson,  Paterson,  Patison,  Pattersen,  Patteson,  Pattison!  Potterson 

Paul,  Pall,  Paules,  Paull,  Pauls,  Pawl ' ■ 

Paxton,  Packeton,  Packson,  Packston,  Peckston,  Pexton 

Payne,  Pain,  Paine,  Paines,  Pane,  Payn,  Pean,  Peane,  Peayne .' 

Payson,  Pasons,  Passon,  Passons ■ 

Payton,  Peaton.  Peten,  Petten,  Petton,  Peyton 

Peabody,  Pabodie,  Peabodie,  Peebody '.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' 

Peacock  ■•■■•*■••*---*--•---*---*,, 

Peal,  Peale,  Peel,  iPecic,PeelsrPeU....l.. ".'.'.'.'.'.".'..'.".''.". '.'.". 

Pearl ,  Pearle \ .      

Pearsall,  Parcel,  Parcell,  Parsells,  Parsels,  Parsiil,>earcali,  Pearceaii'Pearsei'PM^elVpe^air' 
Perse,  Persel  Pershall,  Perzel,  PiercaU,  Pierc^ll,  Piersill,  Purcall,  pS,'  pS  'Pmtou' 
Pursel,  Pursell,  Pussal '  '     '"'-"="1  ^  umeu, 

Pearson,  Pearsons,  Peirccen,  Peirson,  Piercen,  Pierson..!!^.. 

Pease,  Peace,  Peas,  Pees,  Peice,  Peise 

Peasley,  Peasle,  Peaslee,  Peasly,  Pesley '.'.'.'.'.[.'. 

Peck,  "Pecke,  Pecks '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Pecknam,  Peckam [""'.[['."[ * 

Pedan,  Peaden,  Peadon,  Peden,  Pedian,  Pedien,  Pediii,  Pedon  Peedin 

Pedrick,  Paddrick,  Padrick,  Pedrik,  Pedruck,  Pedwick  '  

Peek,  Peack,  Peak,  Peake,  Peaks,  Peke,  Pique 

Peet,  Peate,  Peete,  Peets,  Peits,  Piet,  Piets 

Peirpoint,  Parepoint,  Perpoint,  Pierpoint,  Pierpont,  Purpoint 

Pell.  Pels 

Pellet,  Pellett,  Pellit,  Pelot,  Pelott,  PiUet 

Pelton '.'.'.'.'.'..'. 

Pemberton 

Pence 

Pendergrass,  Pendergast,  Pendergrast,  Prendergast,  Prendergrast 

Pendleton,  Penalton,  Pendelton,  Pendleston,  Penelton,  Pintleton 

Penfield,  Penfold,  Penifield 

Perm,  Pen 


6.0 
6.0 

5.5 
5.4 
5.5 
6.7 

5.4 
5.9 
5.9 
6.9 
6.8 

5.5 
6.4 
6.3 
7.0 
5.9 
5.6 
5.5 
6.2 
7.3 
5.5 
5.4 
5.6 

5.8 
5.5 
5.9 
6.3 
5.7 
6.5 
6.0 
5.7 
5.8 
5.2 
6.2 
3.8 
5.4 
5.7 
5.7 
6.4 
7.2 
6.0 

5.4 
5.9 

5.6 
4.9 
5.4 
5.5 

5.8 
5.8 
6.0 
5.8 
5.3 
5.1 
5.4 
5.8 
5.6 
5.5 
6.7 
5.6 
5.8 
4.8 
5.4 
5.1 
5.8 
5.8 


6.1 
5.6 
5.6 
6.6 
5.5 
6.0 
6.2 
5.0 
5.6 
5.6 
5.4 
5.3 
6.7 
5.7 
4.6 
6.3 
3.9 
6.4 
5.8 
7.3 


22 

101 
21 
15 

432 
141 
34 
62 
26 
70 
51 
26 
16 
32 
87 
466 

44 

106 
47 
64 
61 
21 

408 
76 

674 
61 
25 
52 

144 
1,118 
69 
23 
14 

369 

109 
30 

63 
29 
74 
413 

116 

22 

17 

70 

28 

4b 

102 

212 

lii 

158 

56 

463 

33 

27 

86 

39 

48 

21 


94 
247 
199 
70 
451 
95 
29 
24 
62 
47 
30 
31 
17 
43 
38 
30 
26 
68 
29 
33 


238 
185 

391 

154 

209 

97 

146 
108 

490 
123 
87 

1,936 
762 
179 
373 
127 
325 
232 
135 
101 
145 
380 

2,152 

213 

478 
229 
340 
286 
116 

2,040 
353 

3,206 
25S 
129 
146 
636 

5,221 
326 
124 
87 

1,852 

476 
147 

291 

113 

327 

1,864 

556 

106 

85 

333 

120 

187 

447 

1,008 

2,499 

708 

320 

2,124 

158 

102 

380 

161 

231 

100 


478 
1,128 
916 
393 
2,048 
470 
151 

95 
282 
218 
131 
133 

97 
201 
138 
160 

74 
370 
138 
208 


10 


13 


HEADS  OP  FAMILIES. 


18 


35 


40 


15 


78 


23 


23 


14 


37 


14 


56 


18 


10 


41 


13 


GENERAL  T-\BLES. 


257 

T.B.K  "^--^'^^^^^'^^^Y.  JEAUNG  WITH  ^•A^J^^  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS.  BY  STATES 

A.\U  TERRITORIES.  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-Continued. 


Pcnnel,  Panel,  Pannel,  Pannell,  Pannlll,  Penal,  Penel  Pencil  PenneJI 
Peniiintiloii,  I'eiuiinlon,  I'l-nenton,  Ponlngion,  Pennenton.  PIODlneton" 
Penny,  I'eney,  I'onic,  Penney.  •»'""- 


Penny  man,  Penaniun,  Pennaman,  Pcnnenian,  Pcnniman 

Penrose,  I'i'niirose 

Pep5ir  Pep.'r!lvnpe!?'.^*^'''^' ^**'''^ 


sevell . ,  

Percy,  Parey,  Pearsy,  Percey.  Persy,"  Pierccy,  Plerey 

Perdue,  I'arilien,  ParJiew,  Parduo 

Perkerson,  Perkinson,  Perkison 

Perkins,  Perkens,  Perkin,  Pirkens,  Plrkins,  Piirkins 

Perley,  Pearley,  Pearly,  Perleo,  Perly,  Purley !...".'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Perrigo,  Perigo.  Perripe,  }*urigo ] 

Perrin,  Perin,  Perine,  Perinne,  Pcrrean,  Perreen,  Perrine 

Perry,  Pearee,  Pearey,  Peary,  Peerey,  Pecry,  Pciry,  Perte,  Perre,"  Perrey 

Person  Person,  Persons 

Peters,  Peter.  Petere,  Petrc,  Petres,  Fetter,  Pettcrs. 

Peterson.  Petersen,  Petterson *.'.".' 

Petrie,  Peine.  I'ctroy,  Petry !!]!!"!!!!.']!!!! 

Pettihone,  rein)one,'l'eltebone.  Pettlboni.... !"..!.!....!!""! '.'"' 

Pettier,  w,  Pedienw,  I'edigrue.  Petegrew,  Petegrow,  Petigrow,'Pettijjcwi  Petteerow,  Petteiri-ue 

Pettierew,  I'elllgew,  Petlyerew.  I'itti'CTew 

PettinRill.  I'atinRale,  I'liUngell,  I'edingill,  PetenRall,  Petinsal'l!  PeUnKJlii  Petiengal!  Pciieiieiil' 

Pettigijl.  Petlingal,  Pettinsale,  P.ttincall.  lettingell,  Pettlngil,  Pcttlnglc,  PitI«nKill,  Pittinglli 
Pettis.  IVliss,  IVttes,  Petliee.  Peuifs,  pilti.'is,  Ivttus 

Pettit,  Patlit,  Petit,  Petilt,  I'etlet,Pettile,l'ettitt,Petut 

Petty,  Petle.  P.'Kee.  Pelter 

Pfeiller,  I  'eitrer,  I  (.llcr,  Pfeitcr,  PfletTer,  Plifrr,  Pfyfcr,  Plfer,"piiiois.'..'.! ! " 

Phelps,  Felps,  I'"ili)S,  I'helphes,  Plielpli.s,  Pheps.. 

Philbriek,  Fill.riik,  I'hillirik,  PhilllTick !!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!! 

Philhrook,  Fill>rook,  Killlirook.  riiill.rciek,  J'hillirok.  Pblliirooks,  Phillhrooki  Phiilbrooks 

Phillips.  Fillips.  I'hillp,  Philipps,  Philips,  PhiUip,  PhiUiph,  PhiUlphs,  Philips,  Phlllups,  Phllpa, 

Phllil)S,  I'ilips 

Pniifiot.Fiiipot.  Fiiipott,  Phiiipot,  Phiipots,  piiiipott,  Phiipiit. !.!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

I'ickanl ,  1  'iehart,  Piekart,  Pickerd 

Pickens.  Pickin.  Picking,  Pickings,  Pickins,  PIkin 

Pickering,  PIckring 

Pickett,  Picket,  Pickets,  Pickit 

PIcklo,  Pickel,  Pickell '....'.'.'. 

Pier,  Peer,  Peers,  IVher,  Peir,  Pciro,  Peirrc,  Peyre,  Pierre 

Pierce,  Pearee,  I'earse,  Peerce,  Peirce,  Porcc,  Pierse 

Pike,  Pi kes,  Py ke 

Pilsbury ,  Pillsbury,  I'ilsberry,  Pilsbery 

I'inckney ,  Pinckny,  Plnkncy 

Pine.  Pi hes,  Py ne , 

Pinkerlon 


Pinkhani,  Pinkain,  Pinkhum,  Plnklm,  Pinkum. 

Pinner,  Piner,  Pinnor,  Pinor,  Pynor 

Pinney,  Pinnee,  Pinny 

Pinson,  Pineen,  Pinston,  Pintson 

Piper,  Peip<'r,  Pipers,  Pipper 

Pipkin,  Pipkins 

Pippen,  Pippin 

Pi tcher.  Pi tcbr 

Pitkin. 


Pitman,  Pittman. 
Pitts,  Pits,  Pitt... 

Pi.xley,  PIxly 

Place,  Playco 

Plank., 


Plant,  Plants,  PlanU! 

Piatt,  Plat,  Platls 

Plumb,  Plum 

Plunimer,  Plonier,  Plommer,  Plumar,  Plumber,  Plumcr,  Plumor 

Plunket,  Plunekett,  Plunkett,  Plunkitt 

Plynipton,  Plimpton,  Plymton 

Poe,  Po,  Poh 

Poindexter,  Pendexter.  Pendextor,  PIndexter,  Poindextere •. 

Poland,  Polen,  Polln,  Poling,  Polland,  Pollen,  Pollln,  PoUine,  Polun 

Polhenius 


! 


Polk,  Poake,  Poke,  Polke,  Poque 

Pollard 

Pollock,  Pollck,  Polluck,  Polock 

Polly,  Policy 

Pomeroy,  Pomeray,  Pomer\',  Pomoroy,  Pomroy,  Pumrey,  Pumroy.. 

Pond,  Pon,  Ponds,  Ponns,  Pons 

Pool,  Poole,  Pooles 

Poor,  Poore,  Poores,  Por,  Pore 

Pope., 


Porter,  Portar,  Portor,  Portter,  Portur 

Posey,  Poesey,  Possey 

Post,  Poste. .  „ 

Potter,  Poter,  Potters,  Potior 

Potts,  Pots,  Pott,  Potte 

Pounds,  Pound «•-■,■••«•••:"* 

Powell,  Poules.  Powal,  Powall,  Powcl,  PoweU,  PowUI,  Powlo,  PowlM. 

Powers,  Pouers,  Powars,  Power,  Powrs,  Powurs 

Prather.  Prailliers,  Prethers 

Pratt,  Prat,  Prats,  Pratts 

Preble,  Prebbie 

Prentice,  Prcntls,  Prentiss,  Ptlntice 


8.3 

6.1 
«.S 
S.4 
6.5 
i.S 
6.7 

6.3 
4.8 
6.2 

a.i 

6.8 
7.0 
6.3 
6.4 
6.6 
6.6 
6.7 
6.3 
6.6 
6.6 

6.8 

6.6 
6.8 
6.6 
6.7 
6.4 
6.6 
6.7 
6.4 

6.6 

6.0 

6.1 

6.7 

6.8 

4.6 

6.3 

6.4 

5.7 

6.0 

6.6 

6.2 

4.« 

6.4 

6.7 

4.6 

6.1 

6.0 

6.4 

6.6 

6.3 

6.9 

6.6 

5.3 

5.6 

6.9 

5.4 

5.8 

6.2 

8.0 

6.6 

6.0 

6.4 

8.3 

6.7 

6.9 

6.0 

6.3 

6.7  I 

6.4 

6.4 

5.6 

6.4 

6.6 

6.9 

5.7 

5.8 

6.7 

6.1 

5.9 

6.8 

6.7 

6.9 

5.6 

5.7 

6.1 

6.6 

6.9 

6.0 

8.0 


44 

65 

80 
40 
20 
63 
40 

29 

25 

22 

25 

588 

18 

27 

67 

628 

128 

207 

104 

32 


90 
57 
74 
88 
30 
396 
44 
44 

*  878 
24 
29 
29 
61 
89 
31 
24 

960 

184 
68 
25 
32 
23 
68 
33 
21 
18 

111 
20 
18 
44 
27 

132 

108 
23 
64 
24 
21 

144 
60 

180 
20 
27 
34 
24 


233 

328 
360 
174 
N9 
2S3 
218 

166 
94 
114 

128 
2,7»1 
108 
142 
310 
2,814 
575 
970 
451 
148 
185  ! 

139 

410 
271 
334 

497 
132 
1,816 
208 
195 

4,004 

121 

120 

166 

353 

323 

133 

106 
4,490 

736 

266 

130 

126 

124 

272 

118 

108 
90 

603 

112 
95 

216 

126 

570 


113 
281 
114 

88 
726 
278 
898 

88 
143 
158 
117 
189 
132 
264 
503 
310 
178 
454 
441 
992 
427 
8I« 


18 


I  5 


26 


64 

114 

48 

40 

84 

99 
201 

91 
184 
587  2,773 

46  I  188 
158  773 
439  3,117 

93  I    436 

17  83 
478  3,174 
288   1,366 

26  I  133 
630  3,408 

46  I    225 

31  166 
lU  '    861 


11 

1 

61 
1 
5 
8 
4 
16 


HXUM  or  tknuat. 


9  . 


17 


17  31 
3 


23 


27 


4  I. 
1  I. 


12  1 


....  3 

6  3 

2  13 

6  3 

16  :  1 

6  4 

23  26  dlA 
I 

2  18 

14  I  19 


14 


24 


66 


8 

7 

38 

9 
3 
161  40 


1 

I 


18 


143 


1 
9 
4 

15 

7 
6 

59  '  50 
35  I  9 

6   1 


3 
4 

1 
4 

21 
17 
11 

3  :... 

6   5 

123  » 


II  16 
30  46 


15  61  346 

3   14 


5  S3 


,...'  3 
3  61 
16  35 


3  381 


10 


30 


63  143 
3 
I 
4 


4  ... 
39  97 
3  10 


n ,  66 

17  33 


4  14 
U   «  I 


a 

36 

14 
I 

7 

a 


31 

7 

io 
I 

4 

"i 
u 

3 
1 

0 

i 
1 


a 

10 

13 

14 

14 

• 

3 

t 

1 

5 

I 

2 

3 

4 

3 

15 

41 

13 

4 

6 

1 

16 

57 

18 

35 

44 

3D 

6 

I 

14 

3 

1 

3 

14 

( 

I 

33 

^.. 

.»o 

17 

1 

3 

'i 

13 

6 

..   4  I 


258 


Table  111. 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Prescott,  Prescoat.  Prescoot,  Prescot,  Prescut,  Prescutt,  Presscott,  Priscot,  Priscott 

Preston ,'Preson.  Presson v,  ■■.;■,;    :;; 

Prewett,  Prewct,  Prewit,  Premtt,  Pruet,  Pruett,  Pruit,  Pruitt 

Price.  Preice,  Priece,  Prise 

Pride  

Pridgeni  Pidgeon,  Pidgin,  Pigen,  Pigeon,  Pigon,  Pridgeon,  Prigeon,  Prigion 

Priest,  Preast,  Preist,  Prest,  Priess 

Prince 

Prindle 

Pringle 

Prior,  Prier,  Prire,  Prvar,  Prycr,  Pryor ^■-.■v: 

Pritchard,  Prechard,  Pretchard,  Prichard,  Prichet,  Prichett,  Pritchet,  Prilchett,  Pritcnit 

Proctor,  Prockter,  Procktor,  Procter,  Proctter 

Proper 

Prosser,  Procer,  Proser,  Prossar,  Pressor 

Prouty,  Proty,  Proutty,  Prowtey,  Prowty 

Puckett,  Pucket 

Puffer,  Puffers 

Pugh,  Pew.  Pou,  Pu,  Pue,  Pughe 

Pulley,  PuUv 

Pulliam.  Pullam,  Pullim,  Pullom,  PuUum 

PuUin,  Pulin,  Puling.  PuUen,  Pulling,  Pullins 

Pulsifer,  Pulciter,  Pulispher,  Pullsifer.  Pulsepher,  Pulsipher 

Pulver 

Pumferv,  Pomlrey.  Pumtrey,  Pumphry 

Purdv,  Piu-dav,  Purdea,  Purdee,  Purdey,  Purdie 

Purington.  Purrinsjton,  Purrinton 

PurneLl,  Pamal,  Parnald,  Parnall,  Parnel,  Pamell,  Pemal,  Pernel,  Purnal,  Purnall,  Pumel... 

Pusey,  Fuse,  Pussev 

Putnam,  Putman,  Putnan,  Puttman,  Puttnem 

Putney 

Pyle,  Pile,  Piles 

Quackenbuss,  Quackenboss,  Quackenbush,  Quackinbush,  Quakenbus,  Quakenbush 

Queen,  Queene,  Quehen .* 

Quick 

Quigley,  Quigly,  Quikley 

Quimby,  Queriiby,  Quimba,  Quimbee,  Quimbey,  Qulnby 

Quinn,  Qualn,  Quin,  Quine,  Quynn 

Eaby ,  Raba,  Rabe,  Kabey,  Raiby 

Race 

Radford.  Redford 

Ragsdale,  Ragsdel,  Ragsdell.  Ragsdil 

Rainey,  Rainy,  Raney,  Rany,  Reanys 

Rains,  Raen,  Rahn,  Rain,  Raines,  Ranes,  Rayn,  Rayne,  Eaynes,  Reyen 

Ralph,  Ealf 

Ralston,  Ralstone,  Rawlston,  Rolston,  Rolstone,  Roulstone,  Rowlstone 

Rarabo,  Rambough ,  Rambow 

Ramev,  Raimey.  Rama,  Ramay,  Ranie,  Ramme,  Ramy,  Reamey 

Ramsdell,  Ramsdal,  Ramsdale,  Ramsdall,  Ramsdel,  Ramsdul,  Ransdell,  Ransel 

Ramsey,  Ramsay,  Ramsy 

Rand.  Ran,  Rands,  Rann,  Ranns,  Ranse 

Randall,  Randal,  Randale,  Randalls,  Randals,  Randel,  Randell,  Randels,  Randil,  Handle,  Ran' 

died.  Randies,  Randol,  Randols,  Rendols 

Randolph,  Randelph,  Randolf,  Randolfe '..'.[',.. 

Rankin,  Rancan,  Kanckens,  Ranken,  Rankens,  Rankines,  Ranking,  Raiikins '..'.'.'... 

Ranney,  Raimie,  Ranny .,[.. 

Ransom,  Ransome,  Ranson,  Ransone [][" 

Rapelye,  Rapalje,  Rapalye,  Rapelje,  Rapelyee 

EatclitI,  Racklefl,  Racklifle,  Ractlifl,  Radclifl,  RadcliSe,  Eadclift,  Raddclifl,  Eadlif,  Radlifl 

Ratclif,  Ratcliffe,  Ratclift , 

Rathbone,  Rathbane,  Rathbon,  Rathborn,  Rathbun,  Rathbum,  Rothbone,  Rothburn 

Ratliff,  Ratlefl,  Ratlief,  Ratlif,  Ratluf 

Kawlings,  Raling,  Rallins,  Raulens,  Raulings,  Rawlins,  Rollens,  Roliin,  Eoliine.  Rollings 

Rollins ■ * 

Rawls,  Rail,  Ralls,  Rawles 

Rawson.  RausoD 

Ray,  Rae,  Raes.  Rales,  Rais,  Raye,  Rea,  Reah,  Reay,  Reigh,  Rey,  Rhea,  Rhey,"  Wray. ' 

Raybom,  Raban,  Rabon,  Raborn,  Raiben,  Raibon,  Raiborne,  Raybon,  Rayboum,  Rarbum 
Raymond,  Raiment,  Raimond,  Raimont,  Raman,  Rament,  Ramon,  Ramond,  Ramont,  Ray- 
man,  Rayment,  Raymon,  Raymong,  Raymont,  Reaman,  Reyman,  Reymond 

EajTior,  Rainer,  Rainor.  Raner,  Ranor,    Rayner,  Raynour,  Reighnear,    Reighner,  Reiner 

Rener,  Renier,  RejTiear,  Reyner,  Reynor,  Rhainer,  Rhener ' 

Razor,  Raiser.  Raizer,  Rajor.  Raser,  Rasor,  Razar,  Razer,  Reasor '.'/.'.]"[[ 

Reader,  Reader,  Reder,  Redor,  Reeder,  Reider [1^ 

Ream,  Reames,  Reams,  Rean,  Reem,  Reeme,  Rehm,  Rheam,  Rheams,  Eheeinj  Ehein,  Eheine 

Riehra ' 

Reardon,  Rairden,  Rarden,  Raredan,  Raredom,  Reardan,  Rearden !..!.!..!!.! 

Reasoner,  Reasner,  Reasnor,  Reesner,  Reisner,  Resioner,  Resner 

Eel)er,  Reeber,  Reiber,  Rieber '.W.'.V.'.V.\'. 

Records,  Reccord,  Rechard,  Reckard,  Record,  Reecord "!!!""!]! 

Redding,  Raddan,  Radden,  Readen,  Reddan,  Redden,  Reddin,  Reding 

Redfleld,  Radfleld .....".".■.■;.■.■.'.■.■. 

Redman,  Radman,  Readman,  Reaidman,  Redmon,  Redmond 

Reed,  Read,  Reade,  Reads,  Rede,  Reede,  Reid,  Reide,  Rhead,  Ried. 

Reel,  Real,  Reels,  Rheel,  Riehl .".'.'."".".' 

Reese,  Reace,  Rease,  Reecc,  Rees,  Reess,  Reesse,  Reice,  Reis,  Reiss,  Rese,  Rheasei  Ries 

Reeser,  Reecer,  Reesa,  Reesers,  Reeses,  Reesor,  Reester,  Rieser,  Riester 

Reeves,  Reave,  Reaves,  Reavs,  Reeve,  Reevs,  Reives,  Reve,  Reves,  Rieves,  Rives,  Ryves 

Regan,  Ragan,  Ragen,  Eagin,  Eagon,  Ragons,  Raygan,  Ravgen,  Raygin,  Reagan,  Reagin 

Reagon,  Regin,  Regins 

Register,  Regester,  Registee,  Rejester 

Helfl,  Reels,  Refe,  Reife,  Rieff 


5.5 
5.8 
5.2 
5.5 
5.7 
5.3 
5.1 
6.0 
5.8 
6.0 
5.5 
5.1 
6.6 
6.3 
5.4 
6.2 
5.3 
5.1 
5.5 
6.5 
5.5 
5.4 
4.4 
7.4 
6.1 
6.1 
6.1 
5.4 
6.3 
6.4 
5.7 
6.1 

5.5 
5.7 
5.4 
5.5 
6.0 
4.8 

5.5 
5.6 
6.4 
4.5 
4.1 
5.0 
5.2 
5.6 
5.4 
6.3 
5.2 
5.8 
5.6 

5.9 
5.0 
5.3 
5.6 
6.0 
5.3 

5.6 
5.4 
5.3 

5.4 
5.7 
5.8 
6.3 
5.4 

5.5 

5.3 
6.5 
6.7 

5.2 
5.3 
6.2 
7.1 
5.3 
5.0 
5.3 
5.4 
6.7 
5.5 
5.9 
5.3 
5.5 

5.4 
5.8 
4.7  i 


143 

150 
37 

46G 
27 
22 
67 

129 
44 
26 
90 

146 

168 
16 
21 
33 
34 
37 

127 
17 
22 
39 
27 
20 
17 

134 
32 
66 
17 

229 
31 
55 

47 
23 

51 
32 
80 
42 

20 
24 
18 
30 
45 
40 
39 
42 
26 
26 
77 
191 
105 

348 
62 
79 
39 
90 
24 

76 
80 
23 

143 

56 

66 

337 

19 


72 
29 
57 

57 
24 
15 
18 
23 
47 
38 
56 
1,201 
21 
148 
23 
202 

54 
25 
23 


637 

724 

157 

2,071 

127 

95 

272 

645 

211 

129 

409 

597 

775 

84 

93 

170 

146 

151 

577 

93 

99 

173 

93 

127 


164 
290 
90 
1,226 
147 
278 

213 
108 
223 
143 
403 
169 

90 
110 

98 
105 
140 
161 
162 
194 
114 
139 
323 
920 
4S5 

1,713 
249 
342 
179 
447 
104 

348 
355 


627 

264 

267 

1,444 

83 

847 

312 
159 
326 

242 
102 
78 
109 


162 

249 

5,696 

95 
731 

99 
905 

235 
119 

84 


HEADS  or  FAMILIES. 


17 


12 


20 


34 


6 

13 

1 

3 

304 


19 


61 


22 


3 

3 

12 

1 

10 

20 

11 

4 

30 


27 


9 

;53 

5 
SO 
20 
10 

8 
5 

17 


20 


12 


GENERAL  TABLES.  259 


p!'"f't''i?''"'®''Y'^^"'®'''  '?^,™<"''  Rehmcr,  Reimer.  Rhemar,  Riehmer,  Rlpraer 
Remick  Reamich,  lieamick,  Remach,  Remmeck,  Remniick,  Rem.nock  Uhemack 

RererAems^on'."^'"":  .^'^^^.T;.  !'"'°'^^^^ 
Rex,  Rix. 


Rice''R'  JJ,''"'"''^'  "'^''^^s-  Khode,  Rhods,  R6ad,  Roiidii.'RoadsVkode/Rddra.Kiiidji 

Rich,  Reichriiiche','Riech,'RVtcti,'Rrtche. 

Richards,  Relehard,  Reichart,  Richard,  RIchardes,  RItchard! 


Richardson,  Ricljardison,  Richai-son  Ricliason,  RichensonV  Richi^^nVRich^bV  Rlchison 
KIcliisson,  Ritclianlson,  RitcliiTsan.  Kitcheson.  "■•^.uauu, 

Richey,  Richce,  Richie.  RIchv,  Ritchev,  Ritchie,  Rl'tchy     

RichtrioDd.  Kichraan,  Kichmon 

Kickart,  Reaki-rl,  Kicard  Ricaiid  Richar,  Rlchart,'  Rlchhart,'  Rlckai^d,'  Rlckards.'  Riikiit". 
RIckhart   Richart,  Uighhart,  RIghkart,  Rishart,  Rvegirt,  Rygert,  Ryhiit,  Rykert       °""' 

Kicker,  luker,  Uycker 

T?i/»l.'Ptt':      lii/>L-ot  '  l?i/>l-n«>i      T7inl'At„      17i#.1>^»*      T>'l-I.lt.V" " •-----•-■-............... 


Rickctts,  Rickct,  Kickcth,  Rickets,  Rickett,  Rickitts 
Rickman,  Rickmann,  Rickmon,  Ryckman 
Ricks.  Kick,  Ricke 


^y ','iS^v''i".''.'^!'''v.  i\e?dick',  'iieddeck;  Reddick,"  RedeHck,'  R^c,'  'itodick;  'Redig,'  Rhidick. 

Rkldich.  Riddish,  Riddltt,  Rideck,  Ridyck ~^». 

Rid.lle,  Uiddfl.  Ridden,  Riddels,  Riddles,  Rldle 

1;i.l<^.n,.ii>-      IJ.,,1^«V..^..-     l>«.i: r>„:J i-.-    i_  w^..""*.* J.'."/ •"*•■_ 


Riilenmir.  Kidenhour.  Kedmor.  Reidenower,  Kidenaur,  Ridcnhowcr,  RidoDour,  Roadoimour 

Roadariiier,  Kuadenhour,  Rudeunancr * 

Rider,  K u vdcr.  R vder,  \V rider 

RhU'o,  Ridges,  UIge W-W"]]]]". 

Ridgiey,  Ridgeley.  Ridgely,  Ridgly ........'.'.' 

RIdgway,  Regerway,  RIdgaway,  Rldgeway,  Ridgwa,  Rigiway .'..'.' 

Ridley,  RIdly 

Rjegol,  Reyal,  Reget,  Regil,  Regie,  Reichle,  Reigel,  Rlechel','Riegie,'Rigel,'RlggeU.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'."! 
Rile,  Rifr,  RICTe. ................... 

Rime,  Rifle !....!"!!!!!!."!!!! •" 

RIgby,  Rigbay,  Rigbey,  RIgble,  RIpbee,  Rigsbey,  RIgsby •^..... ".'.'.'.'.'.' 

RIgdon,  RIgden 

RIggan,  Rigan,  Riggans,  Riggea,  Riggin,  Rigging,  Rigglns ..........'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'." 

RIggs,  Rigg,  Rigs 

Rllcy,  Reiphly,  Rclhlee,  Rellev,  Relliev.  Reilv,  Revlev,  Rhyley,  RIghloy,  Rigbly,  RUeas.'RUee. 
Kilcigh.  Rilley.  Rily,  Ryln,  Ryle,  Rviev.  Rvlie,"Rvly 

RIne.  Rein.  Heine.  Reines.  Reins,  Rhine,  Righn,  Rlhne,  Rines,  Rvne,  Rynes 

Rinehart,  Raluhart,  Raneheart,  Recnhart,  Keihart,  Reinard.  Rci'nhard,  Relnhart,  Rbinebarit, 
Rhineheart,  Rienhart,  Rignhart,  Rlnard,  Rinehard.  Rinehast,  Rineheart,  Rinehot,  Rinert, 
Rinhart,  Rynehart,  Rynliot 

Ring,  Ringe 

Ringgold,  RIngold,  RInold ]'.", 

Rinker 


Ripley,  RIply. 

Rising 

Risley. 


Rltlcnhouse,  Rltenhouse 

Rider,  Reihlar,  Righter,  Riter,  Rittar. 
Rivers,  River,  Rivor. 


Roach,  Roache,  Roch,  Roche 

Roan,  Roam,  Roane,  Robn,  Rone 

Roath,  Roth 

Robb,  Roll,  Robbe,  Robbs,  Robe,  Robs 

Robbins,  Rol)bln,  Robcns,  Robin,  Robins,  Rsbons 

Roberts.  Hol>ard,  Robards,  Robarts,  Robbard,  Robbards,  Robborts,  Robbert,  RobbcrU,  Rob- 

erds,  Robert 

Robertson,    Roberson,  Robartin,  Robartson,   Robason,   Robbert^on,  Robblrson,   Robblson, 

Roberson,  Iloberton,  Robertrson, Robeson.  Kobiiiison.  Robirson.Kobisan,  lioblson,  Roblstone. 

Robinson,  Ki'benson,  Rhobbinson,  Robanson,  Robbinsan,  RolK'nson,  Roblnsone,  RobnsoD 

Robuck,  Rahuck,  Robic.  Roeback,  Roebuck,  Roorbach.  Roorback,  Rorbach,  Rorebock 

Roby,  Rohljie,  Robey,  Kobio 

Rock ,  Rucks 

Rockefeller. 


Rockwell,  Rockwel 

Rockwood 

Rodman,  lioadman,  Rodanian,  Rodeman,  Rodlmon 

Rodnick.  Roderick,  Roderock,  Rodrick,  Rodroch,  Rodrock,  Rodroke,  Rodtrock 

Rogers,  RIdger,  Rodger,  Rodgers,  Rogars,  Roger,  Roggers 

Rohrer,  R orer,  Rorrer 

Roles,  Roals,  Role,  Roll,  RoU 

Rolph,  Roef,  Roll,  Rolle,  Roll,  Rolfl .- 

Roniine,  Rohrman,  Romain,  Romaine,  Roman,  Romans,  Romcyn,  Romin,  RommoD,  Romoiun, 

Romvne,  Ronan ,  Ronian ■ 

Rood,  Uoode,  Roods,  Rudd,  Rudde,  Rude 

Rook,  Rooke,  Rooks,  Ruke 

Roop,  Roupo,  Kouph,  Jiup,  Rui)e,  Ruph,  Rupp 

Roosa,  Ruser,  Rus.ia,  Rusher 

Root,  Rootes,  Roots,  Rute 

Ro[>er.. 


Ropes,  Rop,  Rope,  Ropp 

RosocransiRoa^raiitz,  iioscCTonsi  RosegM       Rosegranti,  Rosekransr,  Rosckrons,   Rosen- 

crantz,  Rosengrantz 

Roseter,  Rositer,  Rossetcr,  Rossctter,  Rossetur.  Rossller 

Ross,  Rosso ■• 

Rosser,  Rochare,  Roehure,  Roshere,  Rosier,  Rosir,  Rosor,  Rossor 

Rossman,  Roseman.  Rosemond,  Rosman,  Rosmond,  Rossmon 

Rounds,  Round,  Rouus 


S.4 
t.i 

£.0 
S.7 
(i.2 


S.9 
4.S 

S.4 
S.8 
5.4 

S.8 
6.5 
5.2 

e.1 

5.8 
6.1 
4.8 
6.0 

5.6 
5.0 

6.7 
5.6 
6.2 
7.7 
6.1 
4.2 
5.8 
6.3 
6.2 
4.7 
61 
6.4 
6.3 

6.0 
6.1 


6.5 

ai 

5.S 
6.3 
6.1 
6.4 
6.3 
6.7 
6.7 
4.4 
4.8 
4.0 
£.5 
6.7 
6.8 

6.6 

5.7 
5.7 
4.8 
6.3 
6.1 
6.4 
5.7 
6.3 
5.6 
5.8 
6.6 
7.0 
6.7 
6.6 

5.9 
5.9 
6.0 
5.6 
6.7 
6.2 
4.8 
5.5 
5.6 

«L0 
6,1 
S.6 
4.8 
S.2 
&3 


483 
401 

657 
lU-l 
4W) 


773  3,723 
111  502 
125      629 


124 
l(M 
4IS 
184 
171 


2,388 
I.NOS 

933 
2,104 


■B&D8  or  rAMOisa. 


33 
181 
19 
34 
44 
28 
21 
17 
19 
34 
IS 
29 
113 

170 
04 


87 
55 
21 
17 
80 
27 
42 
24 
83 
47 
85 
40 
SO 
49 
364 

820 

681 
823 
26 
81 
22 
10 
101 
34 
28 
28 

,ose 

25 
18 
30 

28 
113 
29 
32 
33 
214 
43 
25 
300 


209 
430 
252 
84 
130 

310 
409 

185 
833 

99 
228 
224 

89 
101 

90 

99 
127 

91 
128 
4l« 

687 
329 


394 

281 
103 

go 

4Utt 
118 
222 
113 
384 
158 
321 
145 
135 
228 
1,090 

3,093 

3,177 

3,829 

98 

436 

90 

80 

477 

181 

125 

133 

4,910 

149 

85 

104 


1  I  3 
8  20 


17  23 

7  44 

59  223 

10  75 

10  108 

38  253 

1  2 

7  16 


49 


130 
654 

117 
146 
154  I 

1,110  I' 

158 1: 

113 
1,350  I  14 


49 


35 


i 
1  i 


9  21 

52  129 

1 


U 


23  43 

4  61 

13   A 


36  130 
34  123 
441  2,010 
27  I  103 
21  88 
4Sl  366 


21  13 


8'... 


37 


an 


1S7 


ss 

6 
16 

10  110 


17 


1  I  * 
»     49 

J  .... 

4  I  18  I  1«  '. 


3  30 
10   7 


39 


M 


65 


88 


10 


30 


1 
4 
1 
1 
3 

16 
3 

16 
13  29 


67  154  00  83  109 


117  70 

4  I..., 
1  I  31 
6   7 


8 
18 
1 

as 

4 

19 
3 
8 
57  44 


S7 


37 
14 

3 

I 
1 


1 

3 
8 

19 


U 


260  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

n,  , , .      MOMFNrT  ATTTRE   DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  ^TIITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

TABLE  lll.-NOMENCLATUR^E^DE^AUNG  JPTH^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  X79(^Continued. 


Rountree,  Roundtree 

R™ai"RoTan!'Ra'LrRowanB;RowenVRow^^^ 
Rowe  Rhoe.  Rhoes,  Roe.  Row,  Rowes,  Rows,  Wroe. 


RoUands.  Rowlands,  Rowlin,  Rowling,  Rowlins  „„„,„ 

Rowlev,  Riulee,  Rawle,  Rawlee,  Rawley,  Rawly,  Rowly,  Royley. 


Roy,  Rove ^ 

Royall,  Royal,  Royally,  Royals 

Royce,  Roirce,  Rorse,  Roys,  Royse. 
Royer,  Roya 


RSmith  . 


Rudolph,  Rudulph 

Rudy,  Rudav,  Rudey 

Rue,  Rew,  Rewes,  Roo,  Roux 

Ruff,  Rough,  Roughf,  Rought,  Hugh. 


.Rug. 


Rugg,  ---„  — 

Ruggles,  Rugles,  Rugols 

Rule,  Rools,  Ruel,  Ruhl,  Rul,  Rull. 
Rulin,  Ruland,  Ruling,  Rulong. 


R 


..unisev 

Rundlett,  Rundlet,  Runlett 

lunn'ls  ^Runalds'f  Rundei;  Rundeli;  Rundle;  Rundte;  Runeils, jiunels,"  Rl.Walds;Runnals; 
Riuinc'l,  Runnelds,  Runieles,  Runnell,  Runnelle,  Runnells,  RunniUs,  Runnils,  Runnold, 

Runnolds ■  ■ -  - j. 

Runyan,  Runion,  Runnion,  Runnions,  Runyen,  Runyon 

Rush.  Roush,  Ruash,  Ruask 

Rushing.  Rushcn,  Rusing... ■■• 

Russd"  RuS^Russalt  Bussd^Ru^Vls,'  Russii,'  Bi^ili;  Russlei  RussuU,  Rustle 

Rust. 


Rutherford,  Ritheriord,  Rotherford,  Rutherfurd  

Rutledgc.  Routledge,  Rutchledge,  Rutledg,  Rutlege 

Rutter,  Rutta,  Rutu 

Rval  Rial,  Riale,  Rials,  Rvall.  Ryals .■-• -•  —  -••■ 

Ryaii,  Rian,  Rion,  Rions,  Ryanes,  Ryann,  Ryans,  Eyen,  Ryend,  Ryon,  Ryond,  Ryons. 

Sabin,  Saban,  Sabens,  Sabine,  Sabins,  Saybins 

Sacket,  Sackett 

Sadler,  Saddler,  Saidler 

Saflord ,  Saford 


Sailor,  Sahkf,'SailVrVSailorV,"Saioior,'Saler,  Sailer,  Salor,  Saylor,  Saylors 

St.  John.  Saint  John,  St.  Johns -■ -.-■- -•■•- -„••,■■■ 

Salisbury,  Sailsberry,  Salesbury,  Salisberry,  Salisburry,  Salsberry,  Salsbery,  Salsburry,  Sals- 
bury,  Salusbury,  Saulsberry,  Saulsbury 

Salmon,  Sallmon,  Salman,  Salmond,  Salmonds,  Salmons,  Salomon 

Salter,  Saltar,  Saltcrs,  Saltzer,  Salzer,  Saulter 

Sammis,  Samis,  Samnis 

Sammons,  Sammon,  Sammonds,  Samons 

Sample,  Sampel,  Semple 

Samson,  Sampson ■-,■";. ^  " ",." r^ ' "  V 

Sanljorn,  Sambom,  Samboum,  Samburn,  Samburne,  Sanbon,  Sanbourn,  Sanboume,  faanbum, 
Sandborn.  Sandbourn 

Sanders,  Sander.  Saunders,  Bonders 

Sanderson,  Sandorson,  Sa\inderson 

Sands,  Sand,  Sandes.  Sandt,  Sann,  Sans,  Sant,  Sants 

Sanford,  Sandtord,  Sandfort.  Sandiford.  Santford 

Sanger,  Sangar.  Sangor,  Sangster,  Senger 

Sargent,  Sargant,  Sargeant,  Sarjant,  Sarjants,  Sarjent,  Scargeant,  Seargent,  Sergant,  Sergants, 
Sergeant,  Sergeants,  Sergent,  Sergents,  Serjant,  Serjeant,  Serjeants,  Serjcnts 

Sartwell,  Sarltell.  Sartel,  Sartell,  Sartle,  Sartwell,  Sawtel,  Sawtell,  Sawtwel,  Sawtwell 

Saterfield.  Sarterflcld,  Satterfleld,  Saturfield 

Satterly,  Saterley.  Saterly.  Satille,  Sattaly,  Satterlee,  Sattille,  Saturlee,  Saturly,  Settely,  Setterlia 

Saul,  Sail,  Salle,  Sails,  Sauls 

Savage,  Savidge 

Savery,  Savory 

Sawin,  Sawen,  Sawing.  Sawings,  Sawins,  Sawying 

Sawyer,  Sawyear,  Sawyers.  Sawyes 

Sayles,  Saile,  Sails,  Sale.  Sales,  Sayle 

Sayre,  Saver,  Sayers,  Sayrs,  Seayres,  Seyer 

Scales,  Scale,  Sceales,  Schalcs 

Scarborough,  Scarber.  Scarbor,  Scarboro,  Scarbro,  Scarbrough,  Scarbrow,  Seharborough 

Scbermcrhorn,  Scamchorn,  Scermehorn.  Schennerham,  Schermerhorne 

Schnavely,  Schnabcly.  Schnablely,  Sliavely 

Schoonmaker,  Schonmakcr 

Schrack,  Shraek,  Shrake,  Slircck,  Shrock 


Schuyler. 

Scofield,  Schofleld,  Scoffleld,  Scotfleld 

Scott,  Scoctt,  Scot 

Scouten.  Scatton,  Scotten,  Seotton,  Scoutan,  Soouton. . . 
Scovil,  Schovel,  Scoval,  Scovel,  Scovell,  Scovile,  Scovill. 

Scran  ton,  Scrinton 

Scribner. 


Scrlvner,  Scrivener,  Scrivenor 

Scruggs,  Scrag,  Scraghs,  Scrags 

Scudder,  Skudder 

Seabury,  Seaberry,  Seaburry,  Sebery,  Seberrey 

Seal,  Seale,  Scales,  Seals,  Seelc,  Sele,  Seles 

Seaman,  Seamman,  Seamonds,  Seamons,  Sehman,  Seighman,  Seman,  Semans,  Semon. 


4.2 
6.0 
5.1 
S.9 
0.1 

5.9 
6.4 
5.4 
5.3 
5.5 
6.0 
5.7 
6.3 
6.4 
5.2 
5.6 
5.5 
6.0 
5.9 
5.0 
6.1 
5.8 
7.0 


5.5 
5.7 
5.6 
6.2 
5.8 
5.7 
5.6 
6.4 
4.9 
5.8 
6.2 
4.7 
5.2 

C.3 
6.9 
5.7 
5.3 
6.3 
5.9 
5.8 

6.0 

6.6 
5.5 
5.5 
4.8 
6.9 
5.0 

5.5 
5.6 
6.2 
6.0 
5.7 
6.2 

5.8 
5,3 
4.6 
6.5 
6.1 
5.3 
6.7 
5.2 
5.8 
6.5 
6.9 
5.1 
5.2 
5.9 
7.2 
6.2 
6.9 
6.4 
6.5 
6.6 
6.0 
4.6 
6.4 
6.9 
8.6 
6.2 
4.5 
6.1 
6.3 
6.2 


30 
63 
49 
347 
84 

163 
105 
27 
35 
30 
22 
22 
21 
27 
30 
48 
40 
59 
22 
20 
30 
24 
l(i 


97 
214 
203 
1,693 
428 

754 
468 
119 
149 
134 
111 
103 

91 
145 
125 
223 
179 
294 
108 

80 
153 
114 

96 


160 
23 

111 
22 
43 

719 
71 
30 
36 
43 
67 
39 

117 

74 
76 
68 
60 
76 
45 
73 

113 

47 
67 
28 
24 
48 
170 

219 
618 
104 
82 
235 


34 

253 
53 
24 
29 
33 

176 
27 
28 

395 
60 
40 
20 
65 
62 
14 
45 
15 
22 

112 

791 
23 
82 
27 
44 
18 
25 
33 
22 
37 


727 
108 
608 
115 
206 
3,410 
324 
162 
140 
206 
295 
146 
495 

395 
373 
319 
257 
404 
221 
354 

562 
262 
265 
125 
91 
284 
6S2 

987 

2,372 

543 

407 

1,102 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


176 

1,210 

229 

86 

169 

167 

765 

164 

118 

1,880 

328 

237 

81 

276 

306 

87 

235 

89 

97 

609 

3,520 

92 

371 

120 

217 

136 

104 

114 

112 

160 

370 


>   a 


16 


22 


16 


27 


13 
16 
2 
23  10 


9 
3 
8 
16 
7 

18 
4 
7 
4 


12 
5 
3 

52 

"i 

3 

9 

"5 
6 


00 


57 

"i 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


261 


Taule  111. 


-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS   RY  STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  noO-Conlinuod. 


Searing 

Smirls,  Sarle.  Sarli'S,  Saris,  Swirl,  S.arlo,  Soarles,  Scrl,  Scrle,  Series,' SeruisuflraVsurli.' 

Sears.  Sear,  Seares,  Seeres,  Seers,  Seirs ' 

Seat.  Scales.  Seals,  Seels.  Soils.  Selu,  Slcls 

SeaMell,Seavil,Seval,  Seven,  8evllls,Sevils,Slvcal,Slvci,'srvlis 

Seay ,  Sea.  Seas,  See,  Schy !!!!!!! 

Sebree,  Sebry !!*.!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!] 

Seoord,  Seaeer,  Secars.  Seeaur.  Seeor.  Seeker V "////.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' ".V.V.'.'.'.'.V.V.'. 

SeerLst,  Sacrlsl,  Seaerlsl.  Secresl.  Secrets,  Secrlss.  Seeelirist.  SeegrlsiisegrlJsti Sclniji  Soliri 

.SeiiKwlck.  SedRewli  k.  Sedglck.  .Sedgwlth.  Scdvlek.  Sedwlck 

Sei'ly.Sealey.  Seuly,  Seeloy,  Seclly,  Seelye,  Sellcv,  Seley,  Seh-,  .Slely 

SeRar,  (iKer.  Seacar.  Scager,  Scagcrs,  Sccgar,  Secgiirs,  .Sceger,  Seogcrs,  Scgars,  Segcr.  Solgcr,  Sevier 

Selby.  Selbe.  Selbey '  " 

Selilen,  Seldin ' 

Self 


Sell.  Sells 

S.llrck.SelUk,  Sells,  SeHiek.Slllk,Simck,SlU(x-k 

Sell.  rs.  Cellars.  Selhir.  Sellars.  Seller '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Selnian,  Sellman,  Selmonils,  Selsm^w !!!!!!!!!!! 

Senter,  Cenler,  C'enlre,  Senior ].!!!!!!!! 

Sessions,  Session.  Sessoms,  Sesson,  Sessons,  Sessums '.'.'.'.'. 

Sever,  Ceevcr,  Cever,  Seavcr,  Scavcrs,  Secver,  Seevers,  Seveir,  Severe,  Severs '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Severanee,  Sevcrnce 

Sevey,  Seavey,  Seavy,  Scve,  Sevca,  Scvoy,  Scvy 

Se»all,Sewal,  Siwef,  Scwell,  Sewlll,  Sowel,  Sowcll,  Suel 

Seward,  Seaward ,  Seawood,  Sewards,  Scy ward 

Sexton,  Saxton,  Sexien,  Sixton 

Seviiiour,  Saymore,  Saymour,  Seamcr,  Seamers,  Scamore,  Seamour,  Seemore,  Eemoiir,  Seymor, 
'"■evniore. 


Slmckleford,  Shackelford,  Shackford ,  Shacklefoot,  Shakford,  Shaklefoot 

Sha'le,  Seha'le,  Schaid,  Shead 

Shaler,  Khallor,  Shavler 

Sh  I'lk.  Suhanek,  Sehenek,  Schenk,  Schink.  Shaiick,  Shanks,  Shcnck,  Shenk 

Shannon.  Shanam,  Shanan,  Shannan,  Shaoon,  Sbennon,  Shcnon,  Shlnnan 

Shaple y,  Shaplaw',  Shapleigb 

Shari>."Sharpc,  Sherp 

.-^harjiless,  Sharf)les 

Slialluck,  Shatock.  Shallock,  Shaluck 

Shaver,  SchaelTer.  SehalTer,  Schaver,  Schcffer.  Schiller,  Shafer,  Shaffer,  Shavor,  Shavours, 

Shavrer,  Sheafer.  Shealler,  Sheaver,  Sheavor,  Shcfer,  SheOcr,  SheSor 

Shaw,  Shawe,  Shaws 

Shav,  Shavs.  Shea.  Shcy 

Shoafe,  Shaaf,  Shall.  Shaft,  Sharff,  Shcal,  Sheafc,  ShcafI 

Shearer.  Soberer.  Shara,  Sliaraw,  Sharer,  Sharler,  Sharrer,  Shcen-r,  Shecrlr,  Shercr,  Shcrre, 

Sherrar.  Sherror.  Shierer.  Shirer,  Shlrow,  Shirror ; 

Shearln.  Sharan.  Sharran,  Sharron,  Shcaron,  Sherin,  Shcroon,  Shlron 

Sherl.  She.M.Sheeil , 

Sheer.  Share.  Shares.  Shear.  Shears,  Shcors,  Shelrs,  Shier,  Shleis 

Sheets.  Kheats,  Sheet,  Sheotz,  Shctc 

Shellield,  Shoflold.  ShllTiclds,  Shullicid,  ShuOeld 

Sheldon,  Schelton,  Sheldon,  Shcldin,  Sheldlng,  Sheldonc,  Sheldom,  Sheldron,  SheKon 

Shell. 


Shell V,  Sohallov,  Scbollv,  Shalley,  Shallv,  Shealy,  Shecley,  Shcely,  Shelev,  Shcllcv 

She|.|ir'lson,Shcperdson,  Shephensen,  Shephcrdson,  Sheppardson,  Shepperdson,  Shepperson, 


Shepherd.  SebiVierdrshapard,  Sliappart,  Sh.inpert.  Shepard.  Sheperd,  Sbepbard,  Shepbert, 


Shi  ppa(l,Shi  i.p;ir<l,  Shipperd,  sheppherd.  siiiiuiril.  Shiphard.  shipperd. 
Sherliunie.  Sherl. one.  Sherljorn.  Sherljoiirn,  Slierlx 


.,-.-,  .hoiirne.Shorl.um 
Sheri'dini'   Shiir.idin.',  Shar.idon,  Shardon.  Sheanion,  Sheradin,  Sberden,  SberdoD,  Sheicdan, 

Sh.ridan,  slioridini'.  Sherridan.  Sherri.l.n,  Shoridine 

Shcrk,  sbereh.Sherek.Sherks,  Shirk,  Shirke,shiirk - 

Shernian,  Shan  man,  Shamran,  Shannon,  Shcannan,  Sbecrman,  Sbereman,  Staennin,  Snermon, 

Shennond.  Shireinan,  Shiniian,  Shurman 

Sherrill,  Sherral.  Sherrel,  Shorn  11,  Sherril 

Sherrod.  Slianl.  Shan  d.  Slier,  d,  Shoried,  Sherod,  Sherrad,  Sberrads 

Slierwtn,  Schirvin.  S^.e^^■in.  Sliinin 

Shirwood .  Shearwood .  Sh.  er\vood ,  Shorewood,  Sherwod 

Shi.  Ids,  Shcal,  Shealds,  Shoals,  Sheilds,  Shcillz,  Sbolds,  Shield :••;••; 

ShilTir,  Shclcrt,  Sheflrt,  Shcfor,  Shieller,  Shifer,  Sbifcrt,  Shuflart,  Shufler,  Shuford 

Sbiliinf,',  Shillings 

Sh  pl.y,  Shepley,  Shippley 

Shipiiian. 


Shipi),  Ship,  Shipo,  Shipes,  Shippe,  Ships. 

Shippey,  .Snipec,  SIii[  "         '^'"'  '"■ 


•,  .Shipec,  Shippav,  .Shippec,  Shippy 

Sherley,  SherIy,'Shier[y,  Shirely,  Shirly,  Sburlcy 


Sbirl.'y,  Shf - _   .,     -  . 

Sbiv.'ly,  SheiblVy,  Shibley,  Shioblcy,  Shiveloy. 

Sho<'k ,  Sboch 

Shoeklov.  Shocklv,  Shokov,  Sbokloy .•  ■  ■  -..v ■ —  oi,' "  '^ILV  'ci.'.;A^^kU' 

Sho.iM.,k.r,  Scbo6inaker,  Shoamaker,  Shoemake,  Shomaker,  bhoumaker,  Shuemake,  Shumnkc, 

Slioll.  Shoals.  Shoids.SholtJs,  Shoiiids,  Shoulcs,  Shouls 

Shook,  Shoakos,  Shuke,  Skok •■■ ••,• ■ 

Shon-s.  Shoare,  Shoars,  Shore,  Showar,  Showais,  Shower,  Showers,  Shown 

Short.  Shoric,  Shorts 

Shoiip,  .shoap,  Shoop,  Shop,  Shopc,  Sbopf 


Shov 


Shrailer," 'Schrader,"  Schreder.'Schri'der,'  sihroder,  Schrocder,  Shradur, 


Shrawder,  Shraader, 


Shre<ler,  Shroeder. 


Rhroiner,  Schreincr,  S<hriener,  Shrencr.  Shriener,  Shrlner,  Shrinner.  Sriner 

Shrivor.  Schreiver,  Sebriver,  Screver,  Scriver,  Shrellier,  Sbrelver,  anvor 

Shuler.  Shoeler 

lhllllz.^S,*«lV.-Schui.z,"Sch.ii^Shoit,Shol.s;sholi.;sh^ 

Shiilt.ShnUs.  Sbnlz •• iW.'.V.A;,' 

Shuman,  Shoeman,  Shooman.  Shoinnan.  Showman,  si..,p.rmn.  Shiinion 


«.t 
».7 
4.7 
6.6 
4.0 
«.  1 
r.  I 


.v» 

5.7 
4.0 
S.'i 
0.0 
!,.6 
5.8 
6.2 
.5.9 
S.3 
5.5 
6.4 
6.3 
6.4 
6.0 
6.S 


4.g 
CO 
4.6 
6.7 
6.0 
6.0 
6.2 
5.5 
8.5 
6.8 

6.8 
6.7 
6.0 
6.9 

6.0 
6.8 
5.4 
6.5 
5.8 
5.9 
6.1 
6.1 
5.4 

6.4 

5  6 
5.4 

5.0 

7.4 

6.9 
8  1 

6  2 
6  0 
5.5 
6  1 

4  7 

5  2 

6  3 
6  3 
6  4 
6  6 
6  3 
6  2 
6  6 
6.0 

6  7 
5.6 
6.0 
5.0 
tlO 
6.3 
6.4 

6.0 

5S 


6l« 
6.2  1 


TOUL. 


BKUW  or  rAMiuu. 


1« 

131 

162 
31 
22 
62 
19 
30 
22 
25 

134 
64 
66 
26 
32 
31 
43 

116 
22 
36 
62 
61 
45 
67 
95 
61 
77 

128 
49 
36 
18 

112 
80 
23 

211 
24 
84 

368 

673 

27 

21 

107 
23 
47 
34 

CO 

48 

325 

39 


B 

3  I 


89 
616 
756 
144 

85 
268 
103 
184 
119 
146 
636 
312 
307 

93 
144 
154 
199 
556 

«3 
176 
331 
274 
196 
2S8 
417 
241 
366 

600 

244 
129 
102 
665 
433 
97 
939 
179 

4ce 

1,774 

2,677 

107 

124 

632 
111 

209 
1K7 
2!I6 
296 
1,663 
198 


429 
46 

20 
19 

424 

18 

20 

20 
187 

»5 

24 

30 

46 

44 

36 

28 

41 

18 

28 

26 

166 
40 
40  I 

*"> 
116 
25  ! 
17  I 

39 

24 
69 
24 
21 

loa 

31 


118 

1,979 
204 

80 
121 

,079 
128 
UK 


)>» 
126 
240 
231 
159 
129 
216 

93 
127 
101 

73« 

178 
208 
1H7  { 
670  1 
132 
92  I 

117  ; 

116 

2W 

111 

102 

107 
131 


1!     . 


u 


il 


9     43 

7     63 


...(  17 

...  1 

1  7 

2  18 
21  42 


4 

3 
3 

28 

20 

1 

6 

1  I  13 
10     12 

2  6 

....     2 


«  I   S 


26  166 
2  I    I 


....I    6 
13 

22    6« 

4 


130    08 
2 


1:1 


iL 


8  .... 

*  > 

4  3 

U  2 

2  .... 

2  a 


lil 


4 

8  3    ... 

1  60  I  12  I    4 

1  l!l6|... 


■•-I  *  * 
...21  U 
3  1  ..... 
.      ...  I      2 


17     M 


67 


4 
6      3 


26      1 


1  :  21 

....   -3 

22     54      19 

4     46  '     4 

1  I    2  ;.... 

43     63     a 

I     20 


I 


73  212 
12     63     87 
8     12 

2  i     7 


1     21 

1  .... 
12  I  5 
62  46 
II 


6 
18 
11      13     36 


28 


66 


l*^.'' 


U 


U 


u 


.*.!..^|■  21  3^,-8-1  * 


12 


1< 


1 

1.1 

. . 

20 

IM 

5 

11 

a 

10 

14 

1 

6 

14 

1 

3 

IS 

7 

* 

0 

17 

6 

31 

34 

13 

6 

.... 

4 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

21 

19 

5 

4 

• 

23 

26 

9 

1 

4 

IS 

a 

1*1 

I 

t 

V 

66 

« 

• 

16 

t 

3 

4 

7G292— 09- 


-18 


262 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  11  l.-NOMENOLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES    AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


Shumway 

Shurtllfl.  Shircled,  Shirtlef,  Shirtlefl,  ShirtliS.  Shlrtlifls,  Shirtlift,  Shurtlif,  Shurtlitt 

Shuns,  Sherts,  Shertz,  Shirt,  Shirts,  Shirtz,  Shurt 

Shusler,  Schuster.  Shoester 

Shute,  Schut,  Schuts,  Schutt,  Shoot,  Shoote,  Shoots,  Shootz,  Shoutz,  Shutes,  Shuts,  Sbutt, 

Shutts,  Shutz 

Sibley,  Cibley,  Siblv 

Sickler,  Sicklor,  Sicler,  Slklair,  Syelear 

Sickles,  Sickcls,  Sickle,  Sides 

Sidwcll.  Seidel,  Seidle,  Seydel,  Sidal,  Siddle,  Sidell,  Sidle,  Sydle 

Sigler,  Seagler,  Segalcr,  Se'gler,  Siegler,  Sighler,  Siglar,  Sigleer 

Sikcs,  Sykes 

Sill,  Sile,  Siles,  Sills,  Svlcs,  Syll 

SiUimaii.  Sileman.  Silemon,  Siliman,  Sillaman,  Slllimon,  Silloman 

Sllsbv,  Silisl>e,  Sillsbie,  Silsbe,  Silsbee,  Silsbey 

Silver,  Siliver,  Silvers 

Silvester,  Sylvester 

Simmerman,  Cimermin,  Simennan,  Simermon,  Sininiermon 

Simmons,  Cimmins,  Simraans,  Simmens,  Simmins,  Simmon,  Simmond,  Simmonds,  Sinmons, 

Symmonds,  S\'mmons 

Simons,  C'iman.  Seimon,  Siman,  Simands,  Simen,  Simon,  Simond,  Simonds,  Symon,  Symond, 

Syraonds,  Symons 

Sinionson 

Simonton,  Simenton,  Simington,  Symenton 

Simpson,  Cempsen,  Simeson,  Simison,  Simson,  Sympson 

Sims,  Semmes,  Sim,  Simes,  Siinin,  Simmes,  Simins,  Sym,  Syme,  Symes,  Symiues,  Sjinms, 

Syms '- " 

Sinclair.  Saintclair,  St.  Clair,  St.  Clear,  St.  Clere,  Senkler,  Sinckler,  Sinclar,  Sinclare,  Sinclares, 

Sinclear,  Sincleer,  Sincler,  Sinclere,  Sinelier,  Singclair,  Sinklar,  Sinklear,  Sinkler 

Singer,  Singars 

Singietary,  Singeltary,  Singletarry,  Singleterry 

Singleton,  SinEellton,«Singelton,  Singeltong,  Singlton,  Sinlileton 

Sink,  Sinck,  Sinks 

Sipe,  Seip,  Seipe,  Sipes,  Sipps,  Sips,  S>'pe,  Sypes,  Syps 

Sisson,  Scisou,  Scisson,  Sisam,  Sisem,  Sison,  Sissen,"Sissom 

Skelton,  Sk ilton 

Slddmore,  Schedmore,  Schidmore,  Scidmore,  Scudmore,  Shidmore,  Skedmore,  Skldmer. . . 

Sk-ifl,  SciS.  Skell,  Skille.  Skift 

Skillings,  Seeling,  Skellen,  SkelUng,  Skillen,  SMllens,  Skillern,  Skillin,  SMlling,  Sklllins 

Skinner,  Skiner,  Skinnr 

Skipper,  Scipper,  Seipper,  Skipperd 

Slack,Slcck 

Slade,  Slades,  Slaid,  Slead 

Slagle,  Slagel,  Slegel 

Slater,  Sclater,  Shlater,  Slader,  Slator,  Slatter,  Slayter,  Slaytor,  Sleater,  Sleighter,  Sleyhter  . . 

Slaughter,  Slauter,  Slauwter,  Slawter 

Slawson,  Slason,  Slausen,  Slauson,  Slosson 

Slay  ton,  Slaten,  Slaton,  Slatten,  Slayden,  Sletten 

Sleeper 

Sleght,  Slate,  Slates,  Slats,  Sleight ;;;" 

Sloan,  Sloane,  Slon,  Slone,  Sloon,  Slowan,  Slown '." 

Slocum,  Sloaknm,  Slocom,  Slocomb,  Slocome,  Slocumb,  Slokura 

Sluvter,  SUghter,  Sliter,  Slvter 

Sly,  Schley,  Sligh,  Slj'e . . .'. '."  [[[.'."  [ 

Small,  Smals,  Smalts,  Smaltz,  Smalz,  Smawl 

Smalley,  Smaley,  Smally,  Smawley,  Smayley !..!!!!!!!!!! 

Smallwood,  Swallwood '.'....'.'. 

Smart ].."!"!..'!!.'!."!]! 

Smead,  Smedes,  Smedis,  Smee,  Smeed 

Smedley,  Smeadley ,  Smedly .■ ..'. " 

Smiley,  Smileiy,  S'milie,  Smilley,  Smilly,  Smlly,  Smyley 

Smith,  Schmidt,  Shmit,  Smidtt,  Smit,  Smithe,  Smitt,  Smltz,  Smyth 

Smither,  Smithers ^ 

Smock,  Smoke, Smooli .'.".'.".".'."!."!.'] 

Smoot,  Smutz "[ 

Snead,  Snede,  Sneed ; 

Snell,  Schnell,  Shnelle '-.\'.\\'.'..'.'.\'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.'.[ 

Snipes,  Snipe,  Snips !   " '," 

Snively,  Shnively,  Sneveley,  Snevcly,  Snivley " 

Snodgfass,  Snodgres,  Snodgress,  Snudgrass '.'.'.['..'.'. 

Snook,  Snoke,  Snouk,  Snuke .'.'.'..'..'. 

Snow,  Snows .'.'.'.'..'."'.'.'.'.] 

Snowden,  Snoden,  Snodon,  Snoton 

Snyder,  Schneider,  Schnider.  Schnidor,  Schnieder,  SchnvdeK  Schnydore  simeider  Shnevdor 

Shnidcr,  Shnyder,  Sneider,  Snevder,  Snider,  Snidere,"Snydor ■  j       . 

Solomon,  Salamon,  Solomons,  Soimon,  Soloman,  Solomans,  Solomons        

Soper,  Soaper 

Sorrel!,  SarroU,  Sorell,  Sorrel,  Sorrels,  Sorrils .".'.' ."^ .'!!!."!.' .'! 

Souder,  Sooter,  Sootor,  Souders,  Souter '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Soule,  Soal,  Soale,  Solds,  Sole,  Soles,  Soil,  Soul,  Souls,  SowJe. 

South,  Soutch 

Southerland,    SotherUn,    Sotherline,    Southeriin,    s'ouhVeriine' '  Southorlin7 "  Surtherland 

Sutherland '  ' 

Southern,  Sothoron,  Southen '.',.'."." ' 

Southward,  Southard,  Southward '."['.'.['.'.['..'..'. 

Southwick,  Southwic '..'..'. 

South  wortli '...'..]'.'.'.'.'.'..'.[ 

Soward,  Saward,  Sayards,  Say  ward,  Sowards,  Sowart..' .".",".".*]"," ."."!"! 

Sowers,  Saner.  Saur.  Soner,  Sour,  Sours,  Sower,  Sowts... .'.'.'..'..'. 

SpalTord.  Spafard,  Spofford '..'..'.'.'...'. 

Spain,  Spane '.['[ 

Spalding,  Spaldan,  Spalden,  Spaldin,  Spaldon,  Spaldwin,  Spauiding,  Spolden  sWd'n 

Spangler,  Spengler '    ^      

Sparhawk,  Sparahauk,  Sparowhawk [.]]...[". 

Sparks.  Sparkes,  Spearks [[[[ 

Sparrow 


6.6 
5.5 
5.4 
S.2 

5.6 
6.0 
6.0 
5.7 
4.8 
6.5 
S.3 
6.1 
5.1 
5.9 
5.4 
5.4 
5.3 


5.6 
6.8 
5.9 
5.4 


6,1 
6.6 
5.2 
5.7 
6.9 
6.3 
6.0 
5.6 
6.7 
6.3 
5.7 
5.5 
5.9 
6.9 
6.6 
6.0 
6.0 
5.4 
6.2 
6.3 
5.7 
6.3 
5.8 
6.3 
5.8 
6.2 
6.6 
5.1 
4.6 
5.3 
6.6 
6.1 
5.9 
5.6 
6.9 
4.9 
5.3 
4.9 
5.9 
6.4 
7.8 
6.7 
6.0 
S.8 
4.7 

6.0 
6.5 
5.7 
5.7 
6.6 
5.6 
6.6 

6,4 
6.4 
5.8 
5.3 
6.5 
5.: 
6.3 
6.1 
().8 
6.6 
6.2 
5.5 
6.8 
6.2 


31 

41 
28 
21 

92 
68 
17 
39 
32 
24 

102 
64 
29 
22 
34 

107 
32 

436 

311 
21 
31 

371 

215 

97 
31 

25 
65 
21 
24 
87 
26 
43 
18 
21 

234 
22 
40 
76 
20 
64 
73 
38 
25 
42 
42 

108 
80 
24 
33 

139 
47 
43 
60 
27 
23 
46 
.5,932 
15 
29 
36 
45 

117 
19 
17 
23 
19 

326 
40 

517 
31 
66 
18 
37 

115 
16 

100 
22 
69 
38 
46 
28 
44 
67 
16 

280 
42 
21 
97 
36 


SI 

a 


174 
184 
124 
88 

424 
337 
85 
184 
121 
133 
436 
262 
120 
108 
150 
467 
138 

1,984 

1,440 
121 
152 

1,638 

1,043 

399 
144 
105 
307 
103 
128 
438 
117 
204 

95 

98 
1,048 
107 
236 
360 
103 
317 
318 
196 
133 
198 
221 
620 
425 
115 
172 
640 
195 
154 
260 
151 
118 
224 
27,313 

89 
112 
164 
176 
674 

84 
116 
130 

95 

1,557 

148 

2,564 
141 
304 

85 
207 
526 

89 

636 
96 
281 
163 
262 
114 
191 
343 
93 
1,294 
217 
96 
470 
1S3 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


a 

K 
B 

i 

a 

1 
> 

p 

a 

■0 

3 
1 

0 

> 

1 

■a 
□ 

t 

a 

2 
'B 

> 

a 
1 

0 

a 

.a 

5 
2 

23 
23 

2 
3 

1 

3 

16 
2 

40 
2 
7 

24 
2 

3 

6 

'V2 
16 

9 
2 
9 
10 
19 
15 
2 
25 
8 
3 
6 
1 
16 

19 

1 
1 
2 

1 
1 

1 

1 
6 

7 

1 

10 
4 

2 

11 
44 

"i 

6 
4 

5 

"i 

1 
1 

3 
2 
3 

40 
4 
1 

1 

6 

1 

"2 

1 

1 

22 

1 

4 

1 

13 

9 
21 
19 

3 

5 
10 
1 
2 
1 
2 
3 

73 

1 
? 

'22' 

7 
12 
3 

■"s' 

7 
10 
50 

3 
13 

8 

49 

"2 

36 

2 
"5' 

86 

4 

2 

3 

7 

10 

68 

54 

15 

26 

14 

26 

17 

92 

39 

23 

19 

2 

37 

22 

2 

10 

55 

1 

14 

43 

20 

12 
38 

1 
40 

48' 

6 
65 

27 

2 

14 

3 

42 

2 

4 

1 

21 

4 

2 

6 

14 

40 

43 

40 

38 

5 

21 

4 
1 

5 

7 
2 

20 
24 

14 
3 

3 
1 

9 

» 

1 
4 

16 
12 
3 
3 

"i' 

2 

1 

1 
24 
10 

R 

1 

3 

10 
19 

4 
9 
1 

4 
2 
2 

1 

13 
6 

"7' 
3 
9 

■"fl 

20 
5 
2 
7 
6 

33 

35 

4 
2 
5 
6 

10 

'23' 
3 

6 

A 

1 

1 

7 
5 

6 
9 

1 

9 

12 

67 

35 
1 
5 
2 

27 

10 

3 

11 

1   1 
....   5 

1 
3 

5 
21 

4 

5 
2 

16 

"ii' 

11 
15 

2 

8 
2 
8 
10 

6 
3 

11 
16 

27 
3 
7 

15 

2 
1 

....   2 

3 
1 

1 
3 
2 
1 
1 
4 

2 
5 
3 
6 

1 

7 

14 

21 

"3' 

10 
2 
13 

9 

6 

20 

1 

1 

3 

9 

1 

3 

1 

36 

3 
25 
13 
13 
21 
6 
5 
7 

'32' 

2 
5 

1 

1 
29 
3 
1 
2 
15 
4 
7 
4 

1 
2 
3 
1 
7 
9 

'23" 

1 

S 

4 

"3' 
4 
2 
7 

"2 

1 
1 
425 
7 
2 
4 
11 
4 

6 

26 
3 

1 

'25' 
4 
5 
13 

8 

7 

2 
11 

5 

'io' 

1 
22 
9 

2 

2 
1 
3 

3 
3 
1 
1 

6 

24 
3 

2 

3 
8 

"5' 

383 

7 

6 

1 
2 

257 

8 

4 

3 

1,028 

3 

13 
19 

838 

4 

18 

1 

1 

396 

"3 

31 

5 

9 

5 
193 

3 

366 

4 

725 
2 

2 

1 

25 

14 

11 

1 

174 

767 

380 
? 

4 

, 

4 

4 
1 

5 

2 

38 

6 

2 

15 

10 

8 
6 

17 

22 

2 

2 

15 

313 

4 

.... 

25 
2 
3 

8 

1 
1 

1 

13 

8 

4 

1 
6 

40 
2 
13 

"2 
1 
3 

4 
10 

35 

20 

n 

179 

1 

10 

29 

14 

■  16 
4 
3 
1 
2 
5 
1 

19 
2 
1 

14 
11 

15 
8 

3 

7 

3 

120 
8 
15 
2 

ir> 

5 

4 

2 

14 

10 

.... 

4 

14 

"5' 
2 

22 
5 
2 

'26" 

1 

1 

'"5" 

6 

46 

1 

5 

1 

23 
5 

35 

'27' 
7 
5 

2 
•> 

6 

1 

1 

1 

14 

's' 

4 

"::::: 

1 

3 

1 

7 
2 

3 
22 
32 

9 

"7" 
2 

1 
12 

1 

2 
23 

1 
6 

3 

8 

1 
2 

1 
11 

4 

3 

q 

18 

26 

.....:. 

6 

11 

19 

49 

29 

82 

3 

45 

18 

4 
38 

1 
13 

2 

29 
2 

If 

2 

"2 
2 

6 

2 
2 

12 
2 
8 

1 

8 
2 

6 

24 
6 

13 
9 

15 
6 

11 

GENERAL  TABLES. 


263 


Table  111, 


-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  HY  STATES 
AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-<'onlinui-.l 


Spatz,  Spade,  Spades,  Spacht.  Spaight,  Spates 

Speaks,  Speak,  Speakc,  S[M'eks 

Spears,  Spear,  .six^iire,  S|»ares,  bpcer,  Speers,  Speir.'sJMlni  SpieusV Spier!  SpimVsiAraa 

Spelman,  Speamiau,  Spoetman,  Speilman,  Spollman «-     '    *-      »    i- 

Spencc  


Spencer,  Spenscer,  Spenser,  Spensor,  Spinccr 

Sperry,  Sp<'<'rry,  Sporey [[][ 

Spicer,  Spiear,  i^piscr "" 

SplRht,  SpciKht,  Spights 

Spikeman,  Speakraan,  Spit^kman,  Spekman,  SpiclOTian. 

Spink,  .Spinck,  Spinks,  fepynk 

Spinney,  Spinny 

Splvcy',  Spiva,  tipive,  Spl\-y 

Spooner. 


Spoor,  Spoar,  Spoore,  Spore 

Sprague,  SpraKc  Spralg,  Sprauge,  Spreague. 

Sprigg,  SprpKS,  Sprig,  Spriggs 

Spring,  Springs  

SprinKer.  Spranger 

Sprin^stwl. 


Sproiil,  Spraul,  Sprawls,  Sprole,  SprouU,  Sproals,  Sprowl,  Sprawls.. 

Spruil.  Spruell,  fc pruril 

Spur,  Spuir. 


Spurling.  Sparlin,  Sparling,  Spurlln 

Squire,  Squalr.  Squecr,  Squier.  Squiers,  Squires,  Squirres.-Squro.. 

Staats,  Slalc,  States,  Stats,  Stall,  Stalls,  Stauts 

Stackhouse . 


Stacy,  Slaccy,  Slacia,  Stasey,  Staycy. 
Stauord. 


Slagg,  Stag,  Slaije,  Staggs,  Stags 

Staggi'rs,  Stager,  Stagers,  Staggar,  Staggart,  Stagger,  Stayger,  Steger,  Steghcr,  Steleer 

Stalev.  Stallv,  Stalv,  Stehlv 

Stall,' Slaal.Staals,  Sl:ihl,  Stal,  Stale,  Stales,  Stalls 

Stallings,  Stalints,  Stallens,  Stallins 

Stallions,  Slailians,  Stallion,  Stallons 

Standish,  Standaye,  Stanniyh 

Stanfield,  Standfield,  Stanfild,  Ktanfill,  Siondileld 

Stanford,  Standi-rford,  Standlord,  Standiford,  Staniford,  StaDniford 

Stanley,  Stand  l*y,  Standly,  Stan  lay,  Stanly 

Stannard,  Stanard,  Standard,  Standart,  Stannert,  Stanord,  Stonnard 

Stansbury ,  S  t.iiil mrry,  Stan  bun,',  Slansbery 

Stanton,  "Stanlown,  Staunton.  .*. 

Stanwood 


I 


Staples,  Stapels,  Staple,  Stapole 

Starboard,  Starberd,  Slarbird,  Starbord 

Starbuck,  Stiirbrick 

Staring,  Stauring 

Stark,  Starck,  Starke,  Starkes,  Slarks,  Steark 

Starkev,  Starky 

Stark« lather,  Slackweather,  Starkwether,  Stearkweather 

Starling,  Starlin 

Slams,  Starn,  S  tames 

Starr,  Star,  Starrs,  Stars 

Stalon,  Stat<  n,  Statten,  Station,  Slattons,  Staylon 

Stauller,  Staufer,  Slofi  r.  Stoller,  Klopher,  Stoplior,  Stonier,  StouOer,  Stoupber,  Stowler 

Slcaman,  Slaynian,  St*-inian,  Stenian,  Steniane,  Stemon 

Steams,  Steam,  Stearnes.  Stem.  Sterne,  St^'mes,  Stems 

Stebbin.s,  St-bbens,  Sl^bbin,  Stebens,  Stebins.  Stibbins 

Stedman,  Stead  man,  Stednion.  Steeiiman,  Sle(*dinon 

Steel,  Steal,  StJMie,  Steals.  Steele,  St.-(ll,St<'il,  Stell,  Stclls 

Steeiibergh,  Steenberg,  SurnberKli,  Stemburgh,  Strenbergh 

Steer,  Stear,  St<iTe,  Stir  rs,  su-br,  Stier,  Stiers 

Stein,  Stean,  Steen,  Suiue,  Steines,  Sticen 

Stephenson,  Stepe.nson,  Slephensen,  Slcphensons,  Stevenson,  Steveson,  Stevlnson,  Stevison, 


Stiveson . 


Sterling,  Stirling 

Stcrrol,  Staran,  Staret,  Starit,  Starrat,  Stanatt,  Starret,  Starrit,  Starrot,  Sterrelt,  Stcrrit,  SterritI 

Stetson,  Steatson,  Stedson,  Stulson 

Slovens,  Slaphens,  Suivans,  Steavens,  Steavins,  Stephens,  Steevens,  Stephans,  Stephantis, 

Stephen,  StJ  phens,  St>phins,  Stetphen,  Stevans,  Slevins,  Sliven,  Slivens,  Stivin,  Stvens 

Stewart,  Sti-nad,  St.  iiard,  Steuart,  Steucl,  Steward,  Slewat,  Stewerd,  Stewert,  Stewort,  Stuard,  i 

St uarl ,  St  uert,  S twan 

Stiekne V,  Sliekn y ■ 

Stiles,  Stile,  St  vies,  Styls 

Still,  Stil,Stille,Stilles 

Stillman,  Stilman 

Slillwell,Stelwill,Stillwill,StUwcll,Stilwill 

Stilson ,  Stillson ,  Stiltson 

Slinipson,  Stimpon,  Stimson 

Stiner,  Steinir,  Stvner 

Stinson,  Stanson,  Stcinson,  Slenson,  Stienson,  Stlnsen 

Stiver,  Stever,  Slevers,  Stivers 

Slock,  Stockc, Slocks 

Storking,  Stoekin.Stoekings 

Sloeknian,Sunkiiian.Sloekennan 

Stockwell,Stoek\vil,Stokell 

Stoelon,  Stock<len,  Stockdon,  Sloekslon,  Stockton . .... .. . ■■■■■■■  ■■■  -i;, v;i;-J,- 

Stoddard,  Stodard,  Stoddar,  Stodder,  Stodderd,  stoddcrt,  Stoddord,  StuddaM 

Stoker,  Stoekcr 

Stokes,  Stoakes,  stoke,  Stoks,  Stock 

Stone.  Sloan,  Stones !!!!!!!! 

Storcr 


264 


A  CENTURY   OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  111.— NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


^~ 

o 

CO 

1 

< 

TOTAL. 

HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 

NA&fE, 

1 

w 

S 

1 

o 

,0 

a 

a 

1 

> 

1 

i 

2 
9 

24 

1 

-a 
a 

0 

a 

a 

1 

a 
p 
0 
0 

•a" 

40 
3 
13 

'i 

> 

a 
a 

(S 

6 

2 
18 

6 
12 

1 
23 

a 
3 
t 

a 

12 
2 
10 

1 

.2 

a 

> 

.... 

1 
14 

d 
0 

2 

"ii" 

1 
g 

& 

5.9 
7.0 
5.9 
6.2 
8.6 
6.4 
6.7 
5.7 
6.4 
5.2 
5.9 
6.1 
5.4 
6.2 
5.7 
6.1 
5.5 
5.3 
5.2 
5.2 
6.5 
6.9 
6.1 
6.0 
5.3 
5.3 
6.0 
6.4 
6.4 
5.2 
5.3 
6.7 

5.8 
6.8 
7.6 
5.1 

5.0 
5.8 
5.5 
6.5 
6.2 
7.1 
5.4 
6.0 
6.0 
5.7 
6.8 
5.8 
5.3 

6.4 
6.9 
6.8 
6.2 
6.0 
5  8 
4.8 

4.7 
6.6 

6.0 
6.8 
6.1 
6.6 

6.0 
6.3 
4.7 
5.6 
5.6 
5.5 
6.8 
6.7 
6.6 
5.8 
6.4 
4.8 
4.4 
6.6 
6.3 
5.5 
4.8 
6.9 
5.3 
6.9 
6.0 
5.3 
5.3 
5.8 
6.8 

62 
46 

128 
22 
12 
21 
72 
18 
84 
88 
73 
37 
32 
44 

115 
34 
27 
66 
61 
20 

147 
34 
21 

212 
21 
63 
20 
33 
26 
62 
31 
40 

96 
89 
IS 
30 

162 
18 

177 

128 
19 
14 

205 
21 
21 

332 
25 

114 
43 

28 
286 
41 
64 
159 
18 
21 

64 
22 

113 
108 
54 
22 

127 
62 
47 
38 
65 

126 
28 
48 
46 
30 
66 
68 
29 
1,709 
30 
66 
23 
19 
99 
55 
23 
25 
47 
47 

188 

305 
275 
629 
115 

91 
114 
338 

85 
457 
368 
355 
188 
140 
229 
637 
175 
122 
286 
254 

84 

606 

199 

107 

1,061 

90 
229 
100 
144 
115 
209 
133 
229 

458 
424 

lis 

122 

651 

87 

800 

682 

99 

S6 

908 

106 

85 

1,557 

144 

651 

184 

152 
1.40S 

330 

801 

87 

80 

237 
124 

570 

.517 

274 

98 

632 
278 
176 
176 
255 
573 
133 
226 
212 
144 
248 
258 

99 

7,738 

159 

297 

88 
113 
421 
268 
114 
108 
200 
227 
898 

1 

4 

5 
9 

7 
12 



16 
15 

1 

8 

Stott 'stoats 'stot  Stots  Stotts                                                                          

2 
1 

3 

12 

2 
9 

18 
5 
8 
6 

10 
3 
9 

11 

1 
7 

20 

2 

9 

1 

Stoutenbur^h  Stoughtenburgh  Stcutenbergh,  Stoutenburg 

21 
1 
6 

34 
7 
3 
3 

11 

"3' 

7 
9 
12 

6 

16 

1 

"4 
2 
1 

6 

6 

1 

? 

2 

6 

1 

4 
7 
3 

35 
35 

4 

■fo" 

26 
8 

•> 

Straight  Strait  Strate,  Streat,  Streight                                                               

1 
1 
1 

1 

"is" 

16 

•^ 

Strain,  Stran,  Strane,  Stra^Ti,  Strean 

n 

6 
61 

1 

3 
2 

2 
13 

n 

1 
3 

S 
21 

11 
2 

Straw                                            

1 
3 
3 

5 
7 

4 
9 

3 

14 

4 

.... 

8 
1 

"7' 

5 

8 
11 
2 

1 
78 

9. 

1 
17 

1 
17 

"3' 

15 

Streeter,  Strater,  Streiiter,  Streator,  Streetor,  Streter,  Struter 

2 

13 

11 
10 
26 
7 
6 
2 
14 
18 
32 
6 
5 

3 

4 

"4" 

6 

"4 

1 

2 

9 

26 

4 

Strickler,  Striiklar,  Stricler 

Strint:er ^ 

1 
6 

'32' 

1 
30 

.... 

1 
30 

3 

7 

5 

14 

■^ 

Strong,  Stronge 

88 

7 

Strother,  Slrauther,  Strawther,  Strothers 

7 

Stroud,  Strode,  Strowd 

2 

1 

2 

2 

Strouse,  Straus,  Stranse,  Strauss,  Strous 

1 

1 
4 
1 
g 

2 

17 

Strowbridge,  Stra-.vbrege,  Strawbridge,  Strobridge,  Strowbridg 

"9" 
4 

4 

9 

7 

20 

1 
2 

2 

7 

2 
22 

1 

Stubbs.  Stubb.  Stubs,  Stulbs 

R 

Studley,  Stoodley,  Stoodlv,  Studly 

2 

2 

2 

Stump,  Stutnip 

1 

0 

7 

21 

"i' 
11 

10 

11 
2 
2 
1 

29 

Sturdevant,  Sterdefent,  Stertwant,  Stirdivan,  Studefent,  Studerfent,  Studifent,  Studiphunt, 
Studvent,  Sturdaphant,  Sturdavant,  Sturdefant,  Sturdephant,  Sturdevant,  Sturdevent,  Sturdi- 
fent,  Sturdiphant,  Sturtevant,  Sturvant 

11 
1 

4 

5 

31 
10 

14 
36 

10 
2 

"28" 

42 

10 
22 
29 
2 

2 

5 

Sturges,  Stergis,  Stiu-gis,  Sturgus , 

Suber,  Berber,  Serter,  Subers,  Surber 

5 

Sugg,  Suggs,  Sugs 

I 

Sullivan,  Sewlovan,  Sulavan,  Sulaven,  Sulifen,  Sulifln,  Sulivan,  Sulivane,  Suliven,  Sullavant, 
Sullaven,  SuUavent,  Sulla\nn,  Sulleven,  SuUivane,  Sullivant,  Sulliven,  Sullivent,  Sullivern, 
Sylivan,  Svilivan 

8 

4 

1 

3 

1 

10 

16 

4 

29 

25 

23 

Summerlin,  "Sumerland,  Summerland 

4 

Summers,  Somer,  Soniers,  Sonuner,  Sommers,  Suraers,  Summer,  Summere,  Summers 

2 
2 

1 
6 

5 
9 
5 

2 
54 

"6 

29 

17 

11 
2 

1 

35 

23 

8 

18 

Sumner,  Sumnar,  Sunmers 

1 

Sunderland,  Sunderliu 

4 

1 

Supple,  Suplee,  Supplee 

Sutton,  Sutou,  Sutten 

2 

6 

8 

7 

26 
21 

21 

16 

47 

13 

Suydam 

Swagart,  Swaggert,  Swegart,  Sweigard,  Swergart,  Swigard,  Swigart,  Swigert 

18 
33 

1 
73 

1 

8 
4 
2 
22 
7 
3 

3 
36 

11 

44 

7 

93 

5 

27 

19 
24 
34 
18 

8 

43 

7 

Svvartwout,  Swarthout,  Swartout,  Swartwaut 

Swartz,  Schwartz,  Swart,  Swarts,  Swarz 

3 

4 

Swasev,  Swaesy,  Swazey,  Sweasey,  Sweasv,  Sweesy,  Swesey,  Swesy,  Swezey,  Swezy 

8 

1 

13 

1 

.... 

1 

5 
5 

Swearingen,   Swaringen,   Swaringim,    Swaringin,   Swearengen,    Swearingem,    Swearinggam, 
Swearinggame,  Swearinggen,  Swearingham,  Swearingon,  Sweamggen,  Sweringam. . . 

8 

"i" 

7 

Sweet,  Sweat,  Sweatt,  Sweit,  Swet.  .Swete,  Swett,  Swetz.. 

31 
6 
5 
3 

30 
2 

1 
3 

13 
2 

1 
19 

42 
9 

27 
71 

65 
2 

9 
14 

76 
4 
1 

10 
3 

10 

Sweetland,  Swatland,  Sweatland,  Swedeland,  Sweitland,  Swetland,  Switland. 

Sweet^er,  Sweitzer,  Swetser,  Switser,  Smtzer 

5 
9 

? 

Swift,  Sweft,  Swif 

24 

2 
3 

10 

9 

20 

6 

1 

Swim,  Swaim,  Swimb,  S^\imm,  Swims 

Swindall,  Swendel,  Swindell,  Smndill,  Swindle 

1 

Swinney.  Swamey,  Swamy,  Swaney,  Swany,  Sweaney,  Sweany,  Sweeney,  Sweeny,  Sweney, 
Swermey,  Swiney,  Swinne,  Swiimy 

"4" 
4 

"i' 

6 
1 

1 

2 
3 

41 

74 

6 

10 

18 
7 

3 
1 

13 
2 

19 

7 

1 

10 

19 

7 

1 

5 

Swisher,  Swicher,  Swicker,  Switcher,  Switchur,  Swsher 

Tabor,  Taber,  Tabour 

4 
8 
13 

1 

2 

4 

16 

6 

1 

2 
3 

32 
4 
2 

2 

6 

4 

Taft,  TaalT,  Taalle,  Taft,  Taffs,  Taflt,  Tafts 

Taggart,  Tagard,  Tagart,  Tagert,  Taggard,  Taggert,  Tagget,  Taggort,  Taggot,  Teegard,  Tegart. . 

19 

2 

5 

?. 

Tainter,  Taintor 

10 

3 

39 

Talbot,  Talberd,  Talbert.  Talbott.  Talbut,  Talbutt,  Tallbard,  Tolbart,  Tolbert,  Tolbot,  Tolbott 
Torbatt,  Torbcrt,  Torbit,  Torbutt >              .              >             .    uiuun. 

3 
2 

25 

33 

18 

5 

10 

Taloott,  Talck-ut,  Talcot,  Tolcot,  Tolcott 

Tallcy ,  Taley .  Tally 

1 

39 

6 

1 

Talmage,  Ta'lhnadge,  Talmadge,  Tamage 

2 
3 
3 

1 

2 
5 
5 
2 
23 
11 

18 
■3 

15 
3 

7 
2 

1 
7 

19 
29 
26 
17 
.... 

Tahnan,  Taleman,  Tallman,  Tallmans,  Talmon,  Tauhnan 

3 

16 

1 

8 

2 

26 

"io" 

1 

Tanner,  Taner,  Tanna,  Tannar,  Tannir.  Tannor 

"2 

4 
16 

io' 

2 

1 
5 
9 
5 
10 
1 

6 

Tappen,  Tapin,  Tappan,  Tappin.  Tapping.. 

Tarbell,  Tarabell,  Tarball,  Tarbalt,  Tarbble,  Tarbel,  Tarbi'l,  Tarbie                              

1 

1 

Tarbox 

2 

Tarlton 

Tarr,  Tar 

14 
13 
6 

""e" 

2 
190 

"2 
1 

6 

1 

13 
24 
294 
16 
10 

Tate,  Tait,  Taite 

Talom,  Tatum,  Teatuni 

1 

228 
10 

.... 

"2 

20 

"is 

Taylor,  Tabler,  Tader,  Tadlor,  Tailor,  Talor,  Tayler,  Tayl'oe,  Tayiore,  Tayiour 

38 
1 
3 

98 

62 

43 
■'3' 

139 
1 

5 

1 

165 

1 

11 

U 

16 

6 

2 

4 

25 

43 

207 

2 

21 

.... 

141 

1 
1 

"i' 

101 

Teague,  Tcag,  Tcage .        

5 

1 
4 

1 

5 

Telford.  Tilford.  Tolford,  Tylford 

Teller,  Tcler,  Teller '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Temple,  Tempele,  Temples 

Templeton.Tcmpellon 

Tenant,  Tenent,  Tennant,  Tennent 

Ten  Brock,  Ten  Broecek,  Ten  Broeck,  Ten  Brooek,  Ten  lirooi-...      

6 

1 

"6 

"3" 

24 
3 

1 
2 

3 

10 

7 
3 

Ten  Eyck,  Tanich,  Ten  Eck,  Tennick,  Ten  Nycke,  Ten  Tyckc ; ' ; 

4 

Terry,  Terey,Terrey,"Tery ■■-iii!-i^"!!!!!!; !!!!!!  ^  !!!!!""! 

ii 

6 
2 

25 
20 

"4 

i 

30 

hi 

'ii' 

i 
3 

'33" 

i 
19 

i 
12 

GENERAL  TABLES. 


265 

Table  IIL-NOMKNTLATURE,  DEALIN'O  WITH  NAMES  REPKr.SENTKD  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  (  EXSUS:  1790-(ontinu.Hl  ' 


Terwililper,  TcrwIllcRcr,  Tpwlllopcr,  Tlrwllleccr,  TniwIlURar 

Teter,  Teclor,  Tector,  Tetcrs,  TcHor 

Tew. 


Tewksbury,  Touksbury,  Tcuxbury,  Tewkbury,  Tewkesbury,  Tueksbii'ry,  Ti'iexbury  Tuk'ii-' 
berr/,Tukcsbury,Tu-xbury ' 

ThackV  r,  Thaker ][[[ 

ThatrhiT,  Thachcr, Thracher ......', 

TliaNter,  Thaxtor 

Thaver,  Thalr,  Thare,  Thayrc,  Their,  Theyar 

Thealo,  Tho.ii ; ; ; 

Thomas,  Tbomos,  Thommas,  Tomas,  Tomes,  Tommns 

Thompson,  Thomason,  Thomcrson,  Thomlson,  Tbomsin,  Tbomson,  Tomiison.  Tomlaon,  Tomp- 
son,  Toinson *^ 

Thom .  Thome [''" 

Thom!>nrv,  Thornberry,  Thorabery,  Thorasl)erry,  Thorasburry,  Thomsbun- 

Thom.like 

Thornton,  Thaiinton,  Thonton,  Thorton,  Thronton 

Thorp,  Tharp,  Tbarpe,  Thcarp,  Thorpe,  Thrope 

Thrall 

Thrasher.  Thresher 

Thrift.  Thrilli 

Thrdnnorton,  Thro^morton 

Throop,  Thiiop,  Throope,  Throp,  Thrope,  Throup,  Tlhroop 

Thurhor,  Thirl.nr '.'.'.'.'.".'. 

Thurmond.  Thrrman.  Thermon.  Thinnan,  Thumian.  Thurmon 

Thurston,  Thlrston,  Thurstain,  Thnrsten,  Thurstin,  Thurstone,  Thustcn,  Thustln,  Thuston.i 

TlhtiaMs.  Tehliakls,  TiWialls.  TlWrnls,  TIMiells,  Tihbels,  Tibbie.  Tibbies. . 

Tlbbets.  Tel.liits,  Tel.l.etl.«.  Tehlilts,  Thil.liett,  Tlbbats,  Tlblwt,  Tibbett,  Tlbbctts.  TVbblt.  Tlb^ 
hits,  TIbl.ltts,  Tibljots,  TlblU 

Tire,  Tvce 

TIdd. 


Tier,  Tear,  Tears,  Teer,  Tiers 

Tlffanv,  Tifenv,  Tldeney,  Tlffeny,  TlfTlny 

Tift.  TllT.  Tllli 

Tilden,  Tel.len,  Tlldan 

Tlleston.  Tilestone,  Tilston 

Tillfv.  Tllev,  Tillie.  Tlllv.  Tllv,  Tvly 

Tilllnqhast.'  Tillenghast.  Tllliiiiihass,  Tllllnshurst 

Tillotson,  Tillerson,  Tille.son,  Tllletson,  Tllllsen,  TilUtson,  Tilloson,  Tlllolon,  Tlllson,  Tllblron, 
Tllson. 


Tilman,  Tllchman,  Tillman,  Tilmon,  Tiltman. 

Tilton,  Tillton 

Timmons,  Timmlns,  Tlmmonds,  Timons 

Timms,  Tims 

Tindale,  Tlndal,  Tindall,  TIndIc,  Tinsdalc 

Tinker. 


Tinkham,  Tinkam,  Tinkum. 

Tlnnev,  Tinnv,  Tj-ncy 

Tlnslev,  Tinslv 


Tlppett ,  Ti ppet 

Tipton,  Tvpton 

Tlsdale,  Tcasdale,  TIsdal,  TIsdall,  Tlsdel,  Tisdell,  Trisdal,  Twisdale. 

Titfomb 

Titus,  Tilas,  Tltls 

Tol  ley,  Toby 

Tobias 

Todd,  Tod. 


Tolor,  Toaler,  Tolar,  Towler 

Tolman,  Toleman,  Tollman 

Toisin,  Tolson,  Toislon,  Toltson 

Tomlinson,  Tliomlinson,  Tombirlinson,  Toml)lin.son,  Tomerllnson,  Tomllndson,  Tomiison. 

Tompkins,  Thon)kin,  Thomjikin.s,  Tonikins,  Tompkin 

Toms.  Thom,  Thomb,  Thumbs,  Thome,  Thorns,  Toam,  Tom,  Tomm 

Tone V,  Tony 

Toole'v,  Tool v 

Toppan,  Topham ,  Toppen,  Toppens,  Toppin 

Torrence,  Torenee,  Torranre,  Torrans,  Torrens,  Torrors 

Torrny,  Torcy,  Torrv,  Torv 

Totten,  Torton,  Toten,  To'tton 

Tower,  Touers 

Towle,  Toal,  To!e,  Toles,  Toll,  Tolles,  Towl,  Towles,  Towls 

Town,  Toun,  Tonne,  Townd,Townc,Townes,  Towns 

Towner,  Touner ■  •  ■  ■  • ■  ■ ;  ■  •  .    . 

Town.sij'd,  Toimsand,  Tounsend,  Tounshend,  Towndserd.  Townstmd.  Townsep.  Tn«-n.ih»rd,  i 

Townshend,Townsin,  Townson 

Townsle V,  Townlev,  Town.slv 

Traev,  Traccv,  Traiev,  Trasec,  Trassc,  Traay,  Trcac\ 

Trail,  Tnilc,  Trail...". 

Train,  Traine 

Trask 

Traver,  Travarse,  Travers,  Traverse 

Travin 

Travlor,  TraJor,  Tnjyler -■■■- 

Treadwnv,  Treadawav,  Tredaway.  Treddlway,  Tredway 

Treadw  i-jl,  Tra<l»fll,  Treadwel,  Tredwcll,  Trodwill 

Treat ,  Treatl,  Tri'et 

Trent. 


J.  7 
7.0 

a.t 

7.0 
S.9 
S.« 
4.9 
8.7 
6.3 
S.7 

6.6 
6.1 
{.I 
6.1 
6.8 
6.1 
6.6 
6.2 
4.9 
6.0 
6.8 
6.6 
6.2 
6.8 
6.6 

6.7 
0.6 
6.8 
6.9 
6.  A 
6.0 
6.1 
6.0 
6.0 
6.2 


i 


_    * 


1,  li- 


1,673 

7.7    - 

124 

27 
18 

'iil 

I.t? 

n'.T 

116 

■i: 

24 

1 

40 

■.. 

22 

18 

26 

! 

44 

30 

1 

162 

7" 

23 

104 

118 

MO 

27 

l^ 

27 

1 

18 

61 

2ri.'. 

64 

.121 

43 

221 

17 

>'.*i 

44 

I7t 

37 

!■■. 

64 

64 

96 

t     11) 
..I....! 

3 

5  , 

i!l 

nr 

1       1 

S       2 


T?lIi!'blc,freinbelVTrembic;TriinM"/Trumbal\^ 

buU 

Tripp,  Trip,  Trippo,  Trips 

Troll,  Trot,  Trotts 

Trotter 

Trout 


...    10 
I  ,    8 

3     12 

3  I    I 


1W 


; 

H 

41 

23 

in 

.6, 

1      16  I    3     12     1 1    . . 

3  .  ..|  42      6  I  13  '    1 

4  L11  .'.        1 


^ 

14 

C 

fi      11. 

1 
3 

i 

3 

J 

.1 

I      24 

1- 


■» 

1 

1 

1 

i' 

13 

3 

2 

27 

2 

1 

6 

4 

10 

9 

2 

7 

7 

» 

18 

» 

n  1 

6  8 

1 

6.1 

7.0 

16 

8.7 

18 

«.l 

B- 

6  3 

r 

6  0 

46 

►  ■■ 

£.4 

28 

266  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Table  111  -NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:   1790— Continued. 


Troutmjin 

Trow hridee,  Trobridge ■  -  -  • ■■  ■■ .•  • 

Troxall,  Traxall,  Traxel,  Traxell,  Traxil,  Troxel,  Troxell,  Troxill 

Truax,  Trueax 

True,  Trew 

Truitt,  Tnicit,  Truil 

Trusdcil'  TroS?le,' TruesdalV  Traesdale! 'Tniesda^  Trusdal,  Trosdaie,  Trusdall, 
Trusedale - 

Trvon 

Tubbs,  Tulib,  Tubs 

Tuck,  Tucko,  Tuckes 

Tucker,  Tuckers,  Taker 

Tufts,  TulTs,  TuSts,  Tuft 

Tull 

TuUer,  Tullar 

Tupper.  Tupir 

Turk,  Terk 

Turner,  Turnner,  Turrner 

'Pumev  • " --.. 

Turrcf,  Terrai,'Terrall.  Terrel,  Terrell,  Terril  Terrill,  Terrol  Tirrel  Tirrell,  Turell,  Turrell,  Turril, 
Turrill,  Tvrel,  Tvrell,  Tyrrall,  Tyrrei,  Tyrrell,  Tyrrill 

Tuttle,  Tulal,Tutall,Tutin,Tutle,Tuttel 

Twlss,  Twisk,  Twist 

Twitchel,  Twitchell 

Twombly,  Twamblv,  Twamley,  Twombley 

Tyler,  Teyler,  Tiler,'  Tuyler,  Tylar,  Tylor 

Tyree,  Tire,  Tyer,  Tyre,  Tyrer 

Tyson ,  Tison 

Ulrich,  Uldrick,  Ulerich,  Ullirick,  Ullrich,  Ulrick 

Underhlll,  Underhil,  Undrill 

Underwood,  Underwod ' 

Upham,  U pain,  Upum 

Upson,  Upsom ^ 

Upton 

Usher : 

Utlev,  Utlv,  Uttley 

Utter,  Uttor 

Vail,  Vaile,  Vale,  Vales,  Veile 

Valentine,  Valintine,  Vallentine,  Vallintine,  Valuntine,  Volentine,  Volintine,  Vollintine 

Van,  Vann,  Vans 

Van  Aken,  Van  Aaken,  Vanakin,  Van  Auken,  Van  Aukin,  Van  Awken 

V:  Allen,  V"  Allen,  Van  Allen,  Van  Aulen 

Van  Alstine,  V:  Alstin,  Van  Alstin,  V :  Alstine 

Van  Antwerp,  V:  Antwerp 

Van  AttcQ,  Van  Autin 

V:  Buren,  Van  Beuren,  Van  Bueren,  Van  Buren 

Van  Buskirk,  V:  Buskirk 

Vance,  Vanse,  Vantz 

Van  Curen,  V ;  Curen 

V:  De  Berfih,  Vanber(;h,  V:  De  Barnh,  V:  D:  Bergh,  Vndebergh,  Vandebergh,  Vandeburgh, 

Vandenberg,  V:  Den  Bergh,  Vandenbergh,  Vandenburgh,  Van  Der  Bergh,  Van  Der  Burgh, 

Ve  De  Bergh 

V;  De  Bogert,  Van  De  Bogart,  Van  de  Bogert,  Vandenbogert,  V:  Der  Bogart 

Vandegrift,  VandegrilT,  Vandegriffe,  Vandegrist,  Vandegruff,  Vandergrifl,  Vandergrift,  Vandi- 

graft,  Vandigrif,  Vandigrift 

Vanderbelt,  Vandebelt,  Vanderliilt,  Van  Dubelt 

Van  Der  Mark,  Vandamark,  Van  den  Mark,  Van  Der  Marjjs 

V:  Der  Pool,  Vanderpool 

Vanderweir,  Vandavour,  Vandeavour,  Vanderveer,  Vanderwier,  Vandever,  Vandivear,  Vandiver, 

Vandivcre,  Vendervcr,  Vondevner,  Vi'nevere,  Vindever 

Van  Do  Water,  Vanderwator,  V:  De  Water,  Vand water 

Van  Duscn,  Van  Densaii,  Van  Deusen,  Van  Deuson,  Van  Doosen,  Van  Drusen,  Van"Duesen, 

Vandnsan,  V:  Dusen,  Van  Dusin,  Vanduzzen 

Van  Dyke,  Vandike,  V:  Dyck,  Van  Dyck,  Vandycke,  V;  Dyk,  V:  Dyke 

Van  Horn,  V:  Horn,  Van  Home ' 

V:  rioscn,  Van  Hoesen,  Van  Hosen,  Van  Hiisen,  VanHusin 

Van  llouten 

Van  Kleock,  V:  Kleck,  Van  Kleech,  V:  Kleelv 

Van  Loon,  Van  Leon,  Vanloan,  Vanlone 

Vanmetcr,  Vamneeter,  Vaiimcetor,  Vanmetro 

Van  Ness,  Van  Est,  V :  Ness,  V;  Nest,  Van  Nest 

Van  Nostrand,  Van  Nostrandt,  Van  Nostrant,  Vanorstrain,  Vanorstrand,  Vanostan,  Vanosten, 

Vanostran,  Van  Ost randt.  Van  Ostrant 

Van  Orden,  Van  Arden 

Van  Patten,  V:  Patten,  V:  Potten 

Van  Pelt 

V:  Renssellaer,  Ransalear,  Van  Rensellaer,  Van  Renssellaer 

Vansant,  Vansandt,  Vausanst,  V:  Zandt,  Van  Zandt,  Van  Zant 

Van  Schaick,  V:  Scaack,  Van  Scaack,  Van  Schaack,  Van  Schaaick,  Van  Schyck,  Van  Shaack. . 

VanSlyke,V:SIeyk,  V:Slyck,  VanSlyck,  V:&lyk,  VanSlyk 

Van  Steenbergh,  V:  Sloenbergh 

Van  Tassel,  Van  Tasal,  Van  Tasell,  V:  Tassel,  Van  Tassell 

V:  ValkenbuTgh,  Valkenburgh,  V :  Valkenbergh,  Van  Valkenburgh,  Van  Volienbergh,  Van  Vol- 

kenburgh.  Van  Volkinburg,  Van  Volkinburgb,  Volkenburgh 

Van  Vliet,  V:  Vleck,  Van  Vleck,  Van  Vleeck,  V:  Vleek,  V;  Vleet,  Van  Vloet,  Van  Vleit 

Van  Vraukin .  V :  Vran ken  

Van  Waggenen,  Van  Wagenen,  Van  Waggonon 

Van  Wart,  Van  Warp,  Van  Woert,  V:  Woort,  Van  Woort,  Van  Wort 

Van  Wyck,  Van  Wyehe,  Van  W'yk 

Vamam,  Vamhan,  Vamum 

Varney,  Varny 

Vaughn  Vaughan  Vaughen  Vaughon,  Vaughown  Vaugon  Vaun  Vaune  Veaughn,  Vowan. , 


6.9 

5.9 
6.1 
5.6 
5.4 
4.8 
6.1 

6.7 
6.1 
6.8 
6.1 
5.7 
5.5 
6.1 
6.0 
5.3 
5.6 
6.6 
5.3 

5.8 
5.6 
5.2 
6.2 
6.3 
5.7 
5.9 
6.5 

6.4 
6.4 

5.7 
6.7 
5.8 
6.1 
5.5 
5.8 
6.2 

5.8 
5.8 
6.1 
6.9 
6.6 
5.8 
5.9 
6.4 
6.6 
5.4 
5.2 
5.9 


6.9 
5.2 

5.2 
5.6 
5.5 
5.4 

6.9 
4.8 

6.2 
6.0 
5.8 
5.8 
6.1 
6.0 
5.6 
0.4 
6.0 

6.2 
6.4 
6.5 
5.9 
6.2 
6.4 
4.9 
5.8 
5.6 
5.6 

6.9 
6.4 
6.7 
0.3 
6.0 
6.4 
5.9 
5.6 
6.0 


17 
73 
18 
28 
62 
26 
28 

36 

65 
65 
30 

601 
80 
19 
26 
37 
24 

738 
26 

133 
308 
30 
26 
27 
283 
30 
73 


144 
56 
24 
76 
31 
40 
23 

64 
132 
29 
33 
35 
47 
22 
16 
55 
22 
82 
28 


63 

21 

33 
33 

27 
23 

21 
23 

69 
52 
77 
45 
23 
20 
18 
19 
30 

26 
20 
19 
32 
17 
62 
23 
35 
27 
36 

66 
30 
25 
39 
28 
16 
37 
68 
235 


100 
359 

91 
128 
271 

99 
144 

170 
279 
311 
153 

2,350 
362 
96 
130 
100 
110 

3,412 
111 

640 
1,409 
127 
134 
143 
1,338 
148 
379 


472 
680 
264 
115 
390 
141 
191 
120 

308 
637 
147 
160 
101 
226 
108 

86 
2.52 

96 
341 
136 


309 


140 
150 
122 
100 

124 
88 

356 
2.-,S 
3B9 
218 
117 
111 
83 
103 
150 

122 
87 
104 
157 
87 
274 
69 
1C8 
123 
165 

386 
163 
117 
208 
140 
87 
1S2 
268 
1,170 


...'    1 

:::':::: 

26'    29 


HEADS  OP  FAMILIES. 


10 


35 


13 


19 


10 


35 


10 


27       22 


GENERAL  TABLES, 


267 


Table  111. -NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  N.VMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  RY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES.  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790-€ontiiiued. 


Vaught,  Voght,  Voigt,  Vooght,  Voogt,  Voought,  Vought. 
Veal,  Veale.  Wall. 


Veazey ,  Voasey,  Veasy,  Veailo-,  Vcazy,  Veesy 

Veedor,  Vedclor,  Vcder,  Vclder 

Venable,  Veaaiblo,  Veanneble,  Venables,  Veneble. 

Vcrmilya,  VorraiUia 

Vemer,  Vernier,  Vemor , 

Vernon,  Vernam,  Veman,  Vemom,  Vemum 

Verj-,  Varry,  Vary,  Verroe,  Verrie,  Veny 

Viek.  Vicks. 


VIckers,  Vlckars,  Vicors 

VIckery.  Vicary,  Viccory,  Vickary,  Vlckere,  Vlckeree,  Vlckeroy,  Vlckory/Viciciy/viciory.!..! 

Vlnal,  Vinall 

Vincent.  Vencent,  Venson,  Vinceent,  Vlnclent,  Vlosant,  Vinson,  Vinzant 

Vlning,  VinlntTs 

Vinton,  Vinten.  VIntin 

Voorhis.  Van  Voorhcis,  Van  Vottrhls.  Van  Vooris,  Van  Voorklss,  Voorbees,  Voorheesc,  Voortues. 

Voorhlos,  Voorhiis,  Vooris,  Voras,  \'oreese.  Voros.  Vorls,VorTes 

Vosbursh.  VorburEh.  Vosbur>*,  Vossbergh,  Vossburgh 

V^ose.  Voce,  Vos,  Voss.  Vosst,  Vowsc 

VrrMienburt;h,  Van  \'redenbergh,  V*an  Vredenburgh,  Vredenbergb,  Vredenbugh,  Vrvdonbagh, 

Vreedenhurph 

Vroman,  Vrcwman 


Waddle,  Waddel,  WaddHl,  Waddill,  Wadlo,  Woddell,  Wodle., 

Wade,  Wadt*i,  Waid,  Waide,  Wayd.  Waydo 

Wadley,  Wadleigh,  Wadliegh,  Wadlow,  Wadly,  Wodley., 


Wadsworth,  Wadworlh,  VVardsworih,  U'ardworth,  Watsworlh,  Wodsworth,  Woodworth, 
Woodsworth , 

WaR<'r,  Wacaer,  Wagar,  Wagers,  Waigor,  Weager 

Wairgoiur,  Wagener,  Waggoner,  Waeginor,  Waggner,  Waggonner,  Waggonor,  Wagner,  Wag- 
ner, Wuponcr,  Wawnour,  Wetrner,  AViegiicr 

Wait,  Waij;ht,  Wait«-,  Waitcs,  Wails,  Waitt,  Watc,  Wales,  Wayt,  Wayts,  Waylt 

Wakefield,  Waikfield.Waklu'WI.Weaklield 

Wakoly ,  Wakelee,  Wakclev,  Wakley 

Wakeman,  Wackman,  Wakman 

Walbri<igi- 


r 


WaWcn,  WaUiim,  W'alilin,  Walding,  Waldon 

Waldo,  Wahlow 

Waldron,  Waldran,  Waldrrn,  Waldroni,  Warldrcn 

Waldrop,  Waldrip,  Waldroop,  Waldropp,  IrValdrup 

Wales,  Wail.  \V3ili\  Wailos.AVa. Is.  Wale 

Walker,  Waehor,  Wacker,  Waker,  Warker,  Wockor.  Wockkcr 

Wall,  Wahl  Wahle,  Wallo,  Walls,  Wals,  Walso,  Waul,  Wawl,  Wawls 

Wallac-o,  Walire,  Walls,  Wallas,  Walire,  Wallico,  Wallls 

Wallen,  Wallin,  Wallinc  Wallon,  Wain 

Wallor,  Wallar,  Wallauiih,  Wallaw,  Wallers,  Walller 

Walmslpy,  Walmstjev,  Walmslie,  Wamsley,  Warmsley,  Womley,  Wormlcy 

Walradt,  Wolradt,  Wolrodl 

Walter,  Walller,  Walltprs,  Walters,  Waltor,  Waltour 

Walthall,  Walthal,  Walthel 

Walton,  Walten ■,■■•••.•.■. ;^ — v:,- 

Wanmaker,  Wamamachcr,  Wanamaker,  Wanemaker,  Wanimakcr,  W  annemacber,  waniHy 

maker,  W  inamaker 

Wansor,  Wan.sor,  Wantzor,  Waiuor 

Ward,  Wards ■ 

Warden,  Wardin,  Warding 

Wardwell,  Wardell,  Wardwel,  Wordel,  Wordwell.. ......j...... ...... 

Ware,  Waores,  Wair,  Wares,  Wear,  Weare,  Wears,  Wecir,  Weer,  Weere,  Weir,  Weln.  Wler, 

Wirre,  WIers 

Warner,  Womcr,  Wornor v.: •!_:;■""  v.; m; v.;  'IL' 

Warren,  Waren,  Warin,  Waring,  Warran,  Wamn,  Warrins,  Wanon,  Wonen,  \\on1n 

Warriiur,  Warrener ■■•■•  —  •••-;/ 

Warthen,  Warthin,  Warthinf;,  Wathan,  W allien,  \V otham 

Warwick,  Warkk,  Warri(  k.  Worriek :.vv: v,:\:l «:■  ;.L." 

WashlMirn,  Wasbuni.  Washhane,  Washbcm.  Washbon,  Washbom,  \\  ashbome,  Washboun, 

Wa:ilil>oiirn,  Waslitmn,  Washbumc 

Washington 

Wason,  Wasen,  Wasson,  Wauson,  Wawson 

Waterliury ,  Waterberry 

Waterhou'se.  Wateroiis 

Wale™wioTe"r^!wa7,eS',wrr'?Vaitar,WaV.irW^^^^^^ 

Watkins,  Wadkins.  Walkens,  Watkln,  Wodklns 

Watnis,  Watroiis ;.Vv.'"." v;;': 

Watson,  Watsen,  Watston,  Wattson,  Wattsons,  Whatson,  Wotson 

Wattles.  Wattle 

Watts,  Wats,  Watt,  Wattes,  Wots,  Wott 

Waiigh.  Wash.  Wah,  Waw 

Way,  Ways,  Wey 

Wavman,  Weyman 

Wayne.  Waen,  Wain.  Waine,  Wane 

Weaklev.  Weacklev.  Weakly,  Weekly 

Weatherford.  Wettierford v  ■;.%••.•,••  Vii-'.U'.Vi;,' 

Weatherly.  Weatherlev,  Weathcisley,  Weathcrsly,  W  etherly 

Weathers.  Wether,  Wethers -- ■■ ;,vv.:.;™ 

Weaver.  Weaver.  Weavour,Wecver,Wevar,Wevcr,Wheever 

Webb.  Web.  Webbs 

Webber.  Webbers,  Weber,  Webor 1"'."!!'.!!!!!!!!! 

Wee.l.  Wead.  Weeds.  Weiad -.ir-'ji""' a;iLj».."Wii.«nn 

Wee.l.n.  Weadon.  Weaton.  Wedon.  Wedons.  Weeding,  Weedon,  Weeton 

Weeks,  Woak.>s,  Weaks,  Week.  Weekes,  Weik,  \N  elks 

Weidner.  Widener,  WIdner.  Widnor,  Wydner 

Weiss,  Weis,  Weise 


6.5 

30 

S.« 

A3 

S.8 

18 

«.o 

S« 

6.» 

31 

7.1 

22 

4.8 

22 

5.7 

4a 

6.7 

21 

6.7 

24 

5.1 

22 

6.4 

49 

4.9 

28 

5.7 

14« 

5.5 

25 

5.8 

2B 

0.2 
6.5 
A.1 

5.8 
5.6 

6.2 
6.3 
5.4 

5.8 
6.0 

5.6 
6.0 
5.6 
5.8 
6.0 
6.6 
6.2 
6.1 
6.0 
7.3 
6.4 
5.5 
5.2 
5.6 
5.5 
5.1 
5.4 
7.1 
5.6 
4.7 
6.1 

4.8 
6.0 
S.5 
6.3 
5.2 

5.5 
5.7 
5.6 
6.0 
6.3 
5.5 

5.9 
4.9 
5.9 
4.9 
6.4 
6.3 
5.4 
5.0 
4.5 
5.8 
6.7 
5.5 
5.5 
5.5 
5.6 
6.4 
7.2 
5.8 
4.6 
4.6 
5.7 
6.7 
5.7 
M 
5.5 
5.7 
55 
5.2 
6.3 


56 

57 
55 

36 
46 

M 
180 
45 

188 
27 

222 
230 
74 
19 
40 
22 

la 

38 
77 
19 
68 
1,014 

162 

453 
34 
69 
28 
22 

228 
33 

156 

24 

18 

60« 


219 

483 

511 

24 

34 

25 

187 
23 
41 
44 


90 
310 

86 
281 
152 
134 

S3 
230 

90 
112 

90 
217 
109 
684 
113 
124 

291  I 
2»t 

279 

166 
212 

306 
773 
197 

896 
136 

1,032 

1,155  1 

344 

92  . 

124  |l. 

244  I. 

195  'I 

388 

120  1. 

369  !. 

1,602  : 

677  : 

2,045  I 

163  '. 

284  '. 

US  H. 

135  I, 
1,013 

121 

795 


HKADS  or  runuu. 


91 

90  .... 

3.134  J  17 

IM  'L... 

162   6 


975 
2,246 
2.338  !  42 

121 

179 

112 


916 
89 

202 
172 

.111 


5«2 

2,720!: 

IS 

103  '1. 

204 

910  :| 

4.'. 

301  11 

lir.' 

4(.l  |l. 

2* 

l.TO\ 

« 

l.\1 

14 

87 

19 

92 

22 

80 

C« 

10 


IS 


2   I 

22  111  I  12 

5  20  I.... 


48 


II   3 

8  I.... 
8  I  10 


15 


8  38  I  1 
28  182  20 


17  ,121  ! 

8   7 
,...1  9 


M  '  19 

2  23 

31 


56 


13 


14   S 

13  U 

>l  > 

6  I  1 
4  I  1 


26  133  I  IS 

31   6  1  S 

....  6  I.... 

?l::::rT 

3 
6 
4 

37 


14  21 

3  I  1 
6   4 


1  k 


10 


3  .. 


...  2   6 

46  157  ,  73 
6  31  IS 

30  104  30 
2  7  2 
4  12  7 
2  I  9  I  8 

22  I 

II  ,125  24 


!  1  .  3 
no  I6S 

,28  39 
27  79 

.....  2 
17  i  19 

4   3 


25  IS 

.13  .... 
36  ,  II 


60  ,147 

7   * 


59 


24  102  21  l!a 


20  ,125 
2  20 
6 
3 


19 


...|... 
...|... 


43 


10  I  7 

11  41 

2  47 
IS  46 

6  II 

3  S 
8  40 


9  34  19  15  13 
M  71  IS  4  10 
45  ,  IS  ,  29  51  ,  S8 


26 
3   2 


37 


3  10 
15  . 
5 

23  '  S 

40  n 

13  II 


30  I  8.« 

6  I.. 

22  40 

I  S 

34  18 

'  I  ♦ 

a  14 

.  .  '  r. 


r.-,  .1.1 

89  18 
3   8 

iiia» 


1 

9 

^i 

4 

5 

13 

I 

U 

,892 
1   3   4 

?  ■  4  '.  .. 

H   IH   11 

19 
30 

9   3  

1  8,n  « 

1  1  a  ....  s 

1  

268 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  111.— NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  BY  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:   1790— Continued. 


Welch,  Welsh 

Wcldon,  Wplden,  Welding 

Wellor,  Willar 

Wells,  Well,  Welles .".'.'^' .".'.'.'.'.' .'.'.'.'.'! 

Welman,  Wellman 

WeltoD 

Wendell,  Wendall,  Wende'l,  Wendie,'  Wendoli.'windali;  WlndclV,  Windic 

Wentworth,  Wintworth 

Wontz,  Went,  Wents "" " 

Werner,  Wernier,  Wernar,  Wemor 

Wesson,  Wessen 

West,  Wests .'.'.'.'.".'.' 

Westbrook,  Westbroke,  Westbrooke. 

Westfalf  W-estfal"''  '"''''^°''  ^^«scots,  Wescott.WeMui;  Wracutt,' WratcVot,  WeiteotV Wosteitt 
Weston ,  We.stem 

^^Withe'fbee^\?itS™' ^'^*^^^^ 

Wetmorc '.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Wetzel,  Wetzpll,  Whetzej,' WhitzcV  WiVeVeii," Witzcf," WitzelV 

Weymouth,  Wamoth,  Wavmoth,  Waymouth  

'wl%ie^;'\,;^a)v  r«- ^M?:  WhJ;:;;^'t^hr^"'''  W^^^ey,  Weyiy,-  Whailey;  Whaiy;  Wbeiie^ 

Wharton,  Whartc.'i,  Whortijn,  Whorto'n  

Wheat  


Whcatley,  Wheadv,  Wheetiv' Whetely 

Wheaton,  Wheeton,  Wheton"  

wh«:|:;ck!  wM^w!  whliio!^!''''''^''''^^' ''^^^^^^  ^"^^  whei^  wMor:;  v;;; ; ;::::: 

Whiohcr,  Whicharre,  Whicker,  Whitcher     

WhidlM'p,  Whidliv,  Whitby,  Whiteby.  

Whidd'-n,  Uhiddon.  

Whipple,  Whiple,  Whippies.'Whippii.'; 

n  nittekar,  Uhittiker,  Whittikar.  Whittiker,  W  tacer,  Witaker  Wittaker  -^wu, 

^V  teo'me'  W'^^'*"™",  WhiU^om,  Whil^um,  Whltoumb,  W&mrwmtecombe;  VVitcom 


White,  Whight,  Whitra,  Whyte  

Whitehead,  Whitphad...  

Whitehouso,  Whithoii.;,  Whjthous'e,' Withouse.' ". 

Whltehurst,  Whithurst. . .  

JXu!'?''.''''' ^^''i''-^''*'*' WhitesYd,  Whitesidesl 

«  hltfield,  Wl  .cefield  

Whitford,  Whlteford  

Whitiev '  W hit'i''""^'  ^''^'•«'°eVWhitin^;  Witing.'; \l\"\\\\[[\.'.'.][\['.[]\[[[[\'.[\\ 

S?i!i°''^"\\^7'''^''°'^''>Whitlocke;WhftYocks.''.  ".'.".■ 

WiSn  !.^!*°'";..^^''^''"°°'  Whitmon,  Whiimond;-- Wightaan;-Witem^V-Wita4i;- 
Whitniarsh,  Whjtemarsh, Whi'tm'ash,'  WitmarshVwitmiish ". 

WurSre  '"*'°""''''  ^  '"^^''  '*^"'"'"'  Whittemore,  WwVttaore;  Whitta6fe;  WitmoreV 
Whitney,  Whitny,  Wit^nev 

ww""r:  whi!;:";!;;  V^^^^T'  ^«'°''^'^'«°g;  whitti„^,whittoi;-whitt,im:: : : : : 

S'kI.^Ii'""'"";,)^,'",'" '"K'""'  Whitington,  WhittentonV.'.'.'." ..'. 

Whlttlesev,  Whiilesev,  Whittelsey,  Whittlesery.  

Whitwortli  Whctworth,  Whitcworth,  Whittworth       

W  icker,  Wicher 

AVickham,  Wlckam,  Vvicomb 

Wicks,  Wick,  Wickes.  

wl!;2i"  «^;c"  wte'-  wigsoii;  wiggei^wiigin;  wiScin;  wig^ns;  wigins;  wi^ons! ; ; ; :  •  ■ 

WiKht,  Wicht .'  

wlill^rn  \vm  r*;;  Yj'f,'"'^'  Wilber;wil"b™r;  Wilbur,' Wiibum.V;." 

«  illiurn,  W  ill.on,  \y  ill.orne,  Wilbourn,  Wilbum. . ....  

kf.  wiik-ook,  wi"iicdcks,'wiiico.V.v.\\';^\' ;.■;.■; ;;;;;; 

.;^ii^:;;'^lisr'^^'^"'^"'^™^^^ 

Wiili^^';hv;Will^;x^;i;'7\;^';;i'^^=^ih>-^-Wiely,Wighiey;wneo;Wi^^ 
;ilhelm,WeiIhil,,i,VViIkelm,  Will!,,:|m,'Willholm.V 


Wilco.x,  W 

Wild.  Wil'.',  Wil.N,  Wile,  Wiles 
Wilder,  VViMiiir,  Wildur,  Wil.lde' 
Wileman,  Wildciium,  Wil.pTman 
Wilev.  Weill       

n 

w!!wI.^„U"w-'m""''  »,',',K,t'l"i.Will!)elm,'Willhoim. 
w  tf  "A,;n,^  '"'''^;?'';,  ^^  'Ik'-'on.  Wilkison,  Wilkson. 
Wl  key,  Wilkaw,  Wilkee,  Wilkie,  Wilky 
Wl  kins,  Wilken,  Wilkens,  Wilkin,  WilkinKs'Wi'llkinV 
Wilkinson,  Wilkenson,  Willkinson         *'°*^^'  ""'"^ns 

Wilks,  Wilkes,  Willkes,  Willks       

Jj:!"''"''';";",''-'!.  Milliard.  Willyard.wilVafdV.V.'.".'"" 

Wulef:  wI!1:';T'  ^^Jr-^^'^l^tlnV^  W'))?'^.  Wmers,  W„,or; 

Williams, 

Williamson 

Willifortl,  Welf( 

Willii 

Will 

Will 

Wil"rWill!  WMle"'''''  ■*^"'''"t'h*y.'  Wliiowbe,"  WiiiowbyV.V 

Wilm'an,  Williman;  Wiliiman.^,'  wVltaan;  WiVlmon 

WUmarth,  Willmarth,  Wilmoth,  Wilmoutli ...; 


,  wiiutts,  wiiVt'.: 


ill.rf,  Willrt^    Willett,  Wllletis,  Willir't,  Willist'wiiiit'wiVli'fVwi 
Wiliiiins.  W  ,ll;iii,<.  Willi,,,,,,  Willianie,  Wi||i,.n,.i  '       ""*'  "' 

-^^^T^:^^^^^:;^<^i^^^z^  

imstc^;'^?SS":  wiiies,  wiiiise,- wiihss;  Wyies,  w^iis;  Wyiiii;  Wyi„:s;:; ; ;::;::;;:::;:: 


GENERAL  TABLES.  orq 

Table  111. -NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS  HYST^TFS 

AND  TERRITOKIFS.  AT  TME  FIRST  CENSUS:   ITSO-ionUnued.  ' 


I 


Wllmot,  Wlllmot.  Wilmott,  Wilraut. 

Wilsoy.  Willscp,  Wllso,  Wlltscv,  Wlltslo       

wi!''"'''\vMi'''"'''  WVIm'"''''  ^X'llH'"'''  Wclshcr/wilshlrc, Wliuiirr:  Wlltihlr.' 
\Viu""\vVlt  wm'Avilu"'  ^^""***"''  W'lson.  Wllkton,  Wilson,  Wllsin 

Willi  holy.  Wim  Ijellv,  Wimiicrlc,  wim'bcrlev,'  'wYmi)erlv ' ' 

JJ  Inicr,  Wclmir  Wi.mcr,  Woramcr,  Wlmlrc,  WUnmcr/Wlmor/WjVii'orVwymoV,  wi-i^ore"''' 

\\  immts,  \Mrmnt,  \\  ynuiit.  Wynanls...  ;...<..,  ...uiuii 

Wincliol,  Wlni  lial,  Winehall.  Wlnchell,  winche'ls,  Wlnsheil 

Wliichcator.  Wiiuhcsl,  Winchlster,  WinshcsttT 

Winder,  W  indcrs " ' ' 

\\'hu'S,  Wine,  WjTies 

Winlk'M.  WingllelU '..'..'.'."]'."[[[]"'.['" 

WliiK.  WInKS '.'.'.'.'.'.". 

Wink'iilc,  Wcntalf,  WinRst,  Wingatt,'Wiiii:i>trWinEit. ., 
Wint'cr,  WlnoLiir,  Winogor,  Wingar,  Wingars,  Wiancgar 

Winlilcr.  Wimkl.T,  Winklar. ...:... ....... 

Winn.  Win.  Winno,  Wins.  Winse,  Wynn,  Wynne,  Wyiins!  Wyiis' 

Winship,  WIndship,  Winshop '.... 

Winslow '.'.'.'.','.'."." 

Winsor -  •- 

WinsleaU,  Wcmstead 

Win.ston,  Winson,  Wlnstone 

Winter,  Winters,  Wintor,  Wintr 

Wire.  Wver,  Wycrs 

Wiriik,  Weirleh.  Weriok.  Whirick.  WIreck.  Wirlch,  Wyrlch,  Wyrick 
Wirt,  Wort.  Worts,  Wortz,  Wirts,  Wlrtz,  Wurti 

W  i.sc,  Wiose 

Wis-I,  Wosol,  Wossol,  Wessclis,  Wcsscls,  Wissei 

W is<*inan.  Weis-^man 

Wl-sor,  Weosor,  Wolsrr,  Welsser,  Wiescr, 
AVisner,  Wisoner,  Wissner 
Wi.'i.^Ior,  Whislor,  Whistler 
Wi.st4'r,  Wi.star,  Wisters 

WIswall,  Wiswell 

Witl.i'ck,  Will>a.k,  Witl>e<h.  Witbeck 
Witliani.  Wliithain,  Withuiii 

Witlionll,  Wealhorall,  Woatherals,  Wctherall,  WbcthcrcU,  Wltbeml,  WItberpI,  WlUirrlU. 
Withrell 

Wiltiors,  Wither,  Witherias !!..!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.'!!!!!! 

Wiiliorspoon,  Watherspoon,  Weatherspoon,  Wcthcrspoon,  Wctbcrspoonc,  Witbcnpoono, 
Wot  iiorspuon 

Wilhingtun.  Wiihcrington,  Witherinton,  WIthlnton,  Wlthrington. ...!!. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!'.!!!! 

WItmor.  W hitmer,  Whltiniro.  Whltmvor,  Witmovor,  WItmycr 

Witt,  Wit,  Wlto,  W'itto,  Witts.  Wiitse,  Wlltz,  W'ltz 

Wolcott,  Waloot,  Wakott,  Wal(  utt.  Walkoutt,  W'alket,  Wallcott,  Wolcot,  Wolcutt,  Wolkel, 
Wolkot.  Wolicott,  Woolcot,  Wooloott,  Wooiciit 

Wolt,  Wholt.  WoUe.  WollT,  Wolph,  Woolt.  WooKe 

Wornack.  Wamaik,  WammcK  k,  Wamock,  Womac,  Womach,  Womraaek.  Woinmooh,  Wormark 

\\'oml^wrlI,  Wamljle,  Womble , 

WoihI.  Woodo,  Woods ., 

\\' ooclall ,  W ooilal,  AN'oodale,  Woodol .' 

Wo<>.ll.ridj:o.  Woodbridg,  Woodbrlgo,  Woodrcdgo,  Woodrldgc 

Woodbtir\*,  Wo(Mil)orry,  Wi>odi>ory,  Woo*Jbrey 

Woodcuc-k,  Woodooalk.  Woodeok 

Wooden,  Woodden,  Wo4j<Jliain,  Woodin,  Wooding 

Woodford 

Wooiilioiise 

Woodluill,  Woodhul , 

Wor>dman 

Woodrult,  Woo<lro(T,  Woodroof,  Woodrop,  Woodrough,  Woodruf , 

\\'oodsido,  Wodside,  Woodsidos 

Woodson,  Wooderson,  W'oo<lsom,  Woodstim 

Woodward,  Wodword,  Woodard,  Woodards,  Woodart,  Wooddart,  Wooden],  WoodJanI,  Wood- 
won  1 

Wood V,  Woodd V,  Woodoy 

WiiolaVd,  Wollard,  Wollerd,  Woolart,  Woollard.  Woorlard 

Wooltord,  Wolfard,  Wolfart,  VVolfaurd,  WoUcrd,  Woltort,  Woltord,  Wolfort,  WooUard,  Wool- 
fert,  Woolfort 

Woolloy,  Wooliley,  Wooley,  WooUy 

Woolscv,  Woollsev 

Woolworth,  Walhvorth,  Walsworth,  Walworth,  Wolworlh 

Wooster,  Woorster,  Woroostor,  Worstrr,  Worstors,  Woster 

Woolon,  Wootan,  Wooten,  Wootin,  Wootten,  Wootlon 

Word,  Word,  Wooard.  Words 

Wordon,  Woordon,  Wordin,  Wording,  Wordon 

Wonil,  Warrell,  Whorrol,  Worrnl,  Worrel,  Worrell 

W.irriold,  Warefield,  Wartelld,  Warficld,  Whariield 

Work ,  Woork,  W'orks 

Workman 

Worley,  Worldly,  Worly 

Wormwood,  Warmwood 

W orshain ,  Warshani,  Wasbam 

Worlh,  Wlrth 

Won  lien,  Worthin,  Worthing 

Worlhington,  Worthlnton,  Wotblngton 

Wren,  Ken,  Renn,  Wrenn ■•• 

Wrlirht,  Right,  Rights,  Rite,  Kites,  Wrights,  Write,  Writfj 

Wvalt,  Wlart.  Wlat,  Wiatt,  WIet,  Wlott,  W^art,  Wyat.  W.valt»,  Wyel^  W  yelt 

Wykoir,  Wlckoll,  Wiokode,  Wlkoff,  WychofI,  Wyckoff,  Wycod,  WycoBc 

Wvrnan,  Wliiian,  Wvnion 

Wynkoop,  Wlnccooti,  WInekoop,  Wlnkoop 

Wynner,  Wlnar,  Wlnnob,  Winner 


6.0 
5.0 

S.2 
S.7 
0.0 
&.0 

S.5 
5.7 
G.1 
5.0 
5.7 
5.2 
6.0 
S.C 
5.3 
5.8 
6.5 
6.7 
5.5 
5.8 
0.1 
6.1 
5.0 

5.8 
4.8 
6.8 

5.0 
6.8 
5.5 
5.4 
5.3 
5.0 
5.0 
5.3 
4.7 
5.3 
CO 
CI 


r..  I 
6.7 
6.0 
6.1 
6.0 
.■>  ! 


241 
100  I 


43       179 
40       189 


108 


179 
282 


487  i 


2'l»   1,11.5 
35        179 


l-l-.i 
41 
,'.1 


v: 

2(1 

54        Hit 

399   1,907  I 


1  '* 

1  1  2 

"I- 

|l  25 

,1 
||-3- 

3 
1 

2 
3 

17  .... 

40  i... 

a 

"i 

7 

1 

3 

30  

2   3 

2 

10 
2 

17  .... 

1 

1 

1 

8  .... 

63 

7 

'Jl 


13 
2 


24 
30 

27 
4C 
34 

2.'. 

01'. 
57 
19 
07 
07 

k; 

61 

i: 


4» 
19 

ar. 

» 

,13.'. 

«l 


90 
146 


il  

1 
70 

14  1  38 

30 

7 

4'' 

» 

10 

1 

6 

1 


270  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Tablk  1 1 1  .-NOMENCLATURE,  DEALING  WITH  NAMES  REPRESENTED  BY  AT  LEAST  100  WHITE  PERSONS,  li Y  STATES 

AND  TERRITORIES,  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS:  1790— Continued. 


1 
1 

> 

< 

TOTAL. 

HEADS  OF  FAMIUES. 

'  NAME. 

i 

o 

R 

2 

s 

s 
s 

o 

< 

i 

5 

a 

i 

i 

w 

1 

i 
a 

'6 
1 

1 

3 

§ 

a 
o 

QJ 
26 

5 

§ 

> 

f 
g 

3 

i 

1 

a 

.2 
a 

> 

H 
O 

O 

a 

1 

3 
O 
CO 

S.1 
5.4 
7.2 
5.6 
5.8 
6.1 
5.6 
6.S 
5.9 

4.9 
5.3 
5.5 
6.7 
5.7 
5.8 
5.8 
6.9 

6.3 
5.7 
7.5 

41 

39 
20 
137 
43 
32 
46 
17 
33 

37 
25 
109 
44 
1,022 
25 
19 
20 

55 
65 
16 

167 
172 
124 
634 
205 
164 
211 
99 
156 

146 
108 
494 
252 
4,825 
121 
91 
118 

294 
303 
104 

4 

31 
2 
35 

8 

15 

2 

32 

1 

1 

17 
25 

23 

25 

4 

29 

236 

2 

2 
21 

24 

3 

3 

6 

34 

7 

5 

1 

24 
1 

2 

3 

2 

6 

19 

1 

3 

fi 

7 

Yocom',  Yeocom,  Yeokim,  Yoakam,  Yoakum,  Yocam,  Yocham,  Yochum,  Yocum,  Yokem, 

14 

26 

22 

2 

10 

10 

2 

165 

1 

6 

7 
82 

2 

54 

22 
2 

89 
4 
3 

10 

.1 

Yost/'iTiost,  Yoast,  Yobst,  Yoest,  Youst 

69 

72 

10 

89 

39 

40 

77 

18 

3 

1 

4 
1 

5 
6 
3 

9 

41 
44 
13 

Zieglor  Zoegler  Zeggler  Zegler  Zeiqer,  Zeigler,  Zigler 

7 

1 

10 

I 


GENERAL  TABLES.  .,11 

......  , ,..-wh™  pop,.,.™..  "---^^r;?\S^iS?^^i;" -  ---  »v  .,M..„P e.;„. 


MAINE. 


The  state 

Cumberland. .. 

Hancock 

Lincoln 

Washinjitiin 

York 


The  stat4? 

Cheshire 

Grafton 

Hillsborough. .. 
Rockinghuni. . . 
StralTord 


Duloli. 


Knuich. 


141,112 

132, 72« 

28,li<Ki 
13, 419 
32,707 
42,795 
23,S26 

27,329 
12,830 
29,917 
40,42U 
22,224 

NEW   HAMPSIIIHE. 


r.,  MS 


1,115 
4711 
2.3>« 
l,l»7 
1,002 


37 
390 

209 


llel>nw.    j  .Ml  oibar. 


279  I 


S3 

6 

151 

4:, 

31 

27 
12 

32  ' 
3M 
24 

S 

7 

DO 

1 

IS3 

ml 

02 
20 
32 

10 
ftl 

18 

21 

21 

113 
12 

n 

38 
S 


97 


111 


VEKMOXT. 


The  state 

Addison 

Bennini^toii 

Chittenden 

Orange 

Rutland 

Windham 

Windsor 


85,072 

«,383 
12,173 

7,264 
10,485 
15,558 
17,614 
15,095 


81,149 

6,035 
11,466 
6,824 
9,905 
14,911 
16,858 
15,150 


2,562 

170  , 

398 

292 

441 

411 

499 

351 


597  I 
~70"| 

no 

52 
99 

120 

75  ■ 
71 


428  1 

53 
163 
62 
20 
48 
64 
18 


153  ' 

10 

« 
13 

23 

58  ! 


148 

18 
1 

23 
7 

M 
15 
47 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


The  state. 


Barnstable.. 
Berkshire... 

Bristol 

Dukes 

ES.SC.X 

Hampshire.. 

Middlesex... 
Nantucket. . 
IMvmouth... 

.^iitlolk 

Worcester. . . 


■370,264 


16,970 
29,940 
30,966  : 
3,230 
57,007 
■56,282 

42, 177  I 
4,521 

29.ni:t 

4.3, 8(1.-! 
.ii;.  :ri."i 


351,688 


16, 187 
28,514 
29,522 
2,900 
53,915  ' 
53,208  j 

40,340  ' 
4,426  I 
27.394 
42,0r.2 
.i:!.  170 


13,375  I 


159 
845 
9.32 
51 
2, 143 
2,437 

1,500 
62 
1,053 
KSfifl  1 
2,827 


a.  7m! 


-■71 

273 
753 
504 

213 
33 

.336  ' 
2.53  < 
3I» 


428  1 


9  I 
203  I 


IM 

1 

20 


TOO 


14 

30 
235 

6 

130 
3 

t 

120 

1 

35 
113 
II 

1 

It 

71 

:i8 

IS 
4 
10 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


The  slate. 

Bristol 

Iveni 

Newport 

I'ro\idence 

AVasbingtou 


64.670  ; 


3,013  I 

8,439 

1.3, 174 

23,518 

16,526  I 


(12,079 


2,777 

8,027 

I2,5(.7 

22,409 

16,239 


459 


43  I 
146 
144  ' 

87  { 


31 
.1 


CONNECTICUT. 


The  state. 


Falrlii-ld... 
Hartford.. 
Litclilleld.. 
Middlesex. 


New  TTaven.. 
New  London.. 

Ti.llnnd 

Windham 


232.236 

35. 173 
37.498 
38.119  ; 
18,492 

29,882 
3I.G03 
1.3,111 

28,350 


223,437 


34,116  . 
38,239  I 
36.453 
17,763  , 

28.501 
30,593 
12.i>50 
27,032  i 


6,425 


1,588  { 


258 : 


513 


676 

lfi2 

234 

325 

97 

381  1 
142  ' 
50    . 

41 

21 
122 
26 

22 
16 

173 
42 
45 
32 

101 
55 

9V. 

1,174 

574 

780 

799 

411 

I,0i5 

4 

108 

10 

61 

1 

■  Exclusive  0(2,923  persons  for  whom  no  (l*(a  an  tTnlUhle. 


272 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  112.-WniTE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDIXG  TO  NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  BY  NAMES  OP  HEADS 

OF  FAMILIES,  BY  COUNTIES:  1790— Continued. 


NEW  YORK. 


COtJNTY. 

All  nation- 
alities. 

English  and 
Welsli. 

Scotch. 

Irish. 

Dutch. 

French. 

German. . 

Hebrew. 

All  other. 

The  state 

314,366 

245,901 

10,034 

2,525 

50,600 

2,424 

1,103 

385 

1,394 

Albanv 

72,087 

1,583 

25,811 

42,981 

3,021 

28,223 
29,619 
1,058 
17,315 
12,886 

2,945 
14, 310 
26,295 
14,028 
22,204 

54,925 

1,354 

20, 183 

32, 996 

1,531 

22,052 
24,340 
948 
13,754 
10,908 

2,075 
12, 915 
16,222 
11,966 
19,712 

2,518 
66 
621 
624 
U3 

1,100 

1,445 

64 

395 

171 

38 

231 

1,412 

1,140 

286 

644 
43 
143 
458 
20 

96 
244 

10 
102 

88 

11 
182 
191 
213 

71 

13,663 
33 

4,710 
7,3E3 
1,380 

4.630 
2,846 
27 
2,831 
1,502 

5S2 
844 

7, 902 
5L8 

1,709 

193 
04 
118 
577 
07 

03 
425 

92 
14 

102 
405 

152 
9 
26 

Cliuton ^ 

8 
2 

406 

142 
88 

140 

i06 

125 

3 

J::     ^  _    

119 
22 

157 
74 

304 
12 

229 

16 

98 

Queens 

iio 

25 
79 

40 

09 

44 

6 

24 

134 
50 

r.i 

55 

131 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


423,373  : 


349, 656 


49.567 


2,341 


Allet-'heny.. 
Bedford.... 

Berks 

Bucks 

Chester 


Cumberland. 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Franklin 

IIuntinfTrton. 

Lancaster 

Luzerne 


Mifflin 

Montgomery 

Northampton 

Northumberland. 


Philadelphia... 

Washington 

Westmoreland. 
York 


10,0.32  [ 

13,052  1 

29, 928 

24,374 

27, 141 

17,779 

17,880 

9,133 

12,990 

15.057 

7.491 

35, 192 

4,868 

7,461 

22,305 

24,086 

16,971 

51.916 

23, 617 

15,852  1 

36, 1S2 

6,621 
9, 954 
C,983 
17,515 
20,905 

10,576 
10,491 
7,544 
9,317 

9,992 
5,522 
18,092 
4,088 

4,856 
14,677 
11,295 

9,504 

29, 897 
16, 103 
9,301 
16,423 


2,501 

1,064 

319 

1,821 
3,040 

4,676 
1,480 
1,034 
2,110 

3,178 

1,494 

2,950 

208 

2,044 
7(;0 
648 

2,431 

4,560 
5,278 
3,559 
3,841 


418 
191 
113 
475 
707 

534 
222 
155 

592 

491 

130 

339 

91 

289 
197 
106 
467 

1,331 
650 
610 
458 


11 
20 
10 
544 
38 


21 
114 

45 

15 

71 

179 


285 
003 
169 

190 
70 
02 
99 


15 
24 
32 
153 
200 

131 
100 
32 
99 

55 

12 

290 

21 


127 
29 

080 
117 
71 
61 


110,357 


194 


454 
1,784 

6 

15 

0 

22,435 

3,866 

1,645 

1,939 

3. 

5,571 

347 

768 

1,296 

312 

13.449 

1 

221 

216 

6. 284 

ts 

11,2.10 

.-,7 

4,371 

15.232 

25 

1.374 

13 

2,243 

15,310 

MARYLAND. 


1191,627 

161,011 

12,441 

4,550 

254 

1,336 

11,246 

599 

190 

11.664 
IS, 963 
11,926 
7,028 
10,065 

10,124 
10. 010 
26,937 
10, 784 

6.748 
11.679 
10.004 

8,171 

8.216 
7.231 
14.472 
7.626 

10,916 
10, 376 
9,871 
6,286 
7,916 

8,980 
9.588 
19.626 
9.024 

5.946 
10, 156 
8,781 
7,403 

7.682 
6,529 
9.118 
6,917 

571 

1,096 

803 

3S3 

1,705 

744 

234 

1.337 

1.253 

4.';3 
783 
719 
379 

392 
400 
0,'l 
422 

160 
464 
273 
270 
271 

296 
128 
468 
369 

143 
481 
297 
230 

126 
170 
200 
154 

18 
63 
183 
05 
82 

85 
50 
2C6 
41 

13 
33 
101 
103 

9 

6 

627 

444 

49 

67 

12 

4 

Baltimore . . 

44 
25 

180 

203 

5 

10 

111 
33 

Caroline 

Cecil                              .                  

9 

Charles         

7 

7 
15 
28 

66 

3 

107 

Fredericl; 

6,137 
69 

128 

226 

46 

20 

2 

59 

4,356 

8 

23 

Harford      .  -     . 

Kent 

9 

Prince  Georges 

Queen  Anns 

30 

5 

7 

28 

6 

St.  Marys 

Talbot 

Washineton 

59 
110 

10 

Worcester 

9 

VIRGINIA.! 


The  state 

128,112 

108,859 

9.114 

2,591 

9A7 

773 

6,277 

2."1 

1 

Albemarle 

4.341 
3.941 
4.530 
3.790 
4,886 

2.415 
2,489 
3,687 
1,985 
4,786 

3,665 
3,448 
3.813 
3,449 
4,276 

2,145 
2.260 
3,177 
1,810 
4,126 

464 
319 
484 
228 
440 

185 
119 
369 
103 
483 

104 
92 

125 
64 
65 

31 
12 
99 
63 
100 

93 
25 
40 
2 
59 

13 
80 
14 

15 
41 
68 

Amelia 

3 

13 

Amherst 

Charlotte 

Cheslerfleid 

45 
23 

Cumberland 

LS 

Essex 

28 

Fairfax 

20 

8 

Fluvanna 

9 

Frederick 

7 

16 

34 

20 

1  Exclusive  of  17,022  persons  for  whom  no  data  arc  available 


s  State  enumerations  of  17S2  and  17S3.     Data  incomplete. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  273 

Tab,,e  112.-WHITE  POPULATION,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NATIONALITY  AS  INDICATED  HY  NAMKs  uv  HEADS 

OF  I'AMILIES,  BY  COUNTIES:  1700-Continued. 


VIRGINIA  >— Conllmi.-l 


Pulch.         Fmnch.       Oarmui.       Ilebraw.    |  All  oUwr. 


filoiicester 

finwnsville 

Il.ihfax 

Il.-itupshirc 

IIJIIUVLT 

Harrison 

Is.pof  Wight 

Lancaster 

Mi'fklenliurg 

Middlesex 

Monongalia 

Nansc.niond 

New  Kent 

Norfolk 

Northumberland 

Orango 

I'ittsylvania 

I'owhalan 

Priiire  Kdward 

Princess  Anne 

Richmond 

Rockingham 

Shenandoah 

StalTord 

Surry 

Sussex 

Warwick 

Williamsburg,  city  of 


13 

10 


II 

■Jt 
10 


4,11  I 

71 

«  I. 


NORTH   CAROLINA. 


The  state 

>2C6,334 

220,566 

39,829 

0,206 

405 

751 

7,422  1                   1 

Edenton  district 

33,568 
2t),113 
.■.7,9.55 
21,973 

.TO.fiS? 

;«,(*o 

58,425 
15,814 

30.472 
19.I/J9 
34..'.7.S 
19.7.';i 

24. 405 
34.009 
43,751 
13.901 

2,371 
7,4tS 
2,081 
1,631 

3,5CO 
3.22.') 
K.lia 

i.,m 

627 
K17 
947 
SS 

731 
1,146 
1,277 

434 

63 
28 
48 
25 

47 

73 

118 

3 

34 

34 

227 

7 

31 
199 
151 

68 

90  .... 
65    ... 

l.KM 

4,!>"                       1 

Favelle  district 

Ncwlx'rn  district 

Sal isbury  d istrict 

I! 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


The  state 

Beaufort  district 

Camden  district 

Charleston  <listrict... 

Chcraw  district 

^ieorgetown  di.strict.. 
Ninely-si.x  district. .. 
Orangehurgh  district 


140,178 


4.364 
29.242 
l.".,402 
7,418 
8.878 
62,4«12 
12,413 


115,480 


3,793 
23,S.i3 
12,  .W4 

6.313 

7,Ki2 
52.890 

9,r-o 


I  State  enumerations  o(  1782  and  1783.    Data  Incomplete. 


16.447 


.328 
4.r.l7 
l..V.>3 

.'.75 
1.2X2 
7.4ii8 

7.-'> 


3,576 


120 
700 

478 
2<jO 
127 
1,419 
413 


10 

67 

15 

121 

62 

817 

30 

161 

.-|l'.5 

in 

2.a 

3 

88 

4.- 
244 

I,MJ6 


15 


>  Excliis!\-e  of  23.847  penom  for  whom  no  data  an  •vmllabla. 


10 

10 

,«i 

17 

12 
7 


I 


274  A   CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Table  113 -NUMBER  OF  WHITE  FAMILIES,  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NONSLAVEHOLDING,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING 
TO  nItIONALITY  as  INDICATED  BY  NA^E  OF  HEAD,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  NUMBEROF  WHITE  PERSONS  AND 
OF  SLAVES  REPORTED  FOR  SUCH  FAMILIES,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES:  1790. 

MAINE. 


1 


All  nalionaUties . 


English  and  Welsh. 

Scotch 

Irish 

Dutch 


French . . . 
German.. 
Hebrew . . 
All  other. 


■WHITE  FAMIUES. 

WHITE  PEBSONS. 

SLAVES. 

NATIONAUTY. 

Total 
number. 

Slave- 
holding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Per  cent 
slavehold- 
ing  families 

form  of 
all  families. 

Total 
number. 

Average 

number  per 

family. 

Total 
number. 

Average 
number  per 
slavehold- 
ing  family. 

Number 
per  100  of 
all  families. 

\11  nationalities 

16,972 

16,972 

96,107 

5.7 

English  and  Welsh 

Scotch 

15,807 

721 

240 

49 

23 
83 
10 
39 

15,807 

721 

240 

49 

23 
83 
10 
39 

89,515 

4,154 

1,334 

279 

115 

436 

44 

230 

5.7 
6.8 
5.6 
5.7 

5.0 
5.3 
4.4 
5.9 

i 

Irish 

Dutch 

French 

German 

Hebrew 

All  other 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

AH  nationalities 

23,982 

123  !         23,859  [; 

0.5 

141,112 

5.9 

157 

1.3 

1 

22,574 

1,107 

234 

28 

23 

118 
5 

22,456  \l 

0.5 
0.6 

132,726 

6,648 

1,346 

153 

142 

5.9 
6.0 
5.8 
5.5 

6.2 

152 
5 

1.3 
1.0 

1 

Scotch 

Irish                            

1,102 
234 
28 

23 

1 

('1 

Dutch 

16 

16 

97 

6.1 



VERMONT. 


14,969 


14,969 


85,072 


5.7 


14,282 
441 
105 
76 

29 
5 


14,282 

441 

105 

76 

29 
5 


81,149 

2,562 

697 

428 

153 
35 


148 


6.7 
6.8 
6.7 
6.6 

6.3 
7.0 


4.8 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


All  nationalities - 


English  and  Welsh. 

Scotch 

Irish 

Dutch 


French . . . 
German.. 
Hebrew . . 
Another. 


65,149 


61,846 

2,392 

661 

78 

118 
11 
12 
31 


65,149 


61,846 

2,392 

601 

78 

lis 

11 
12 
31 


2  370,264 


351,698 

13,375 

3,793 

428 

700 
53 
49 

168 


5.7 
5.6 
5.7 
5.5 

5.9 
4.8 
4.1 

5.4 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


CONNECTICUT. 


All  nationalities 

10,854 

461 

10,393 

4.2 

64,670 

G.O 

958 

2.1 

9 

Enjilish  and  Welsh 

10,401  1 
339  t 

79 ; 

5  I 

19 ; 

?! 

437 

16 

6 

9,964 

323 

73 

5 

17 
9 
1 
1 

4.2 

4.7 
7.6 

62,079 

1,976 

459 

19 

88 

33 

9 

7 

6.0 
6.8 
5.8 
3.8 

4.6 
3.7 
9.0 
7.0 

910 
25 
20 

2.1 
1.6 
3.3 

9 

Scotch                                      

4 

Irish      

25 

2 

10.6 

3 

1.6 

16 

All  other 

All  nationalities. 

40, 457 

1,557 

38,900 

3.8 

232,236 

.5.7 

2,042 

1.7 

7 

38.844 

1,178 

288 

49 

95 

1 
1 

1 

1,488 

47 

13 

1 

7 

37,356 
1,131 

275 
48 

88 
1 

3.8 
4.0 

4.5 
2.0 

7.4 

223,437 

6, 425 

1,.589 

258 

512 
4 
5 
6 

5.8 
6.5 
.5.4 
5.3 

5.4 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 

2,543 

67 
18 
5 

8 

1.7 
1.4 
1.4 
5.0 

1.1 

7 

Scotch                    

C 

Irish 

6 

10 

8 

German 

1 

100.0 

1 

1.0 

100 

All  other 

1 

•  Less  than  1  per  hundred. 


=  Exclusive  of  2,923  persons  for  whom  no  data  are  available. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


275 

^'^TO  n!tTonaS??  aTixSS  BV  ^';\f.^'f,^V!'^!"^  '''''  NONSLAVEUOLDINO.  CLASS.KIEO   ACCORDING 

OP  SLAVES  ^.oi^^^'^ii^si^^  ^sT^^s^f^s;;j!;;^^^-?;s::^:r"'^«^°^^^^^ 


NEW  YOItK. 


NATIONALITY. 


WBITE  rAMIUE.1. 


Total 
number. 


All  nationalities ' 

L 

Englisli  and  Welsh I 

Scotcli 

Irish 

Dutch !!!!.'!!!!!!!!!!;!" 

French 

German '.'.'.'..'.'.'.'. ' 

Heljrew 

Another 


All  nationalities . 

EoKlish  and  Welsh 

Scotch 

Irish 

Dutch 

French 

German 

Ilelirew 

All  other 


54,185 


42,543 

1,773 

401 

8,494 

433 

188 

70 

222 


BbtTO- 
holdlng. 


7,787  I 

4,883 
154 
28 

2,537 

102 
36 
10 
37 


NoniUve- 
boIdlnK. 


41..  :(■■- 

37.(,'.: 

I.OIU 

433 

.1,957 

331 

va 

00 
185 


,    Per  c^nt 
slavnhold-  '' 

Ini:  families  ! 
I'     form  of 


WHITE  ««.••■  IS- 


Total 
numU>r. 


.Niiml. 


Avrr»e.- 
Total       numlM'f  pt-r 
i.uml.T.    I  ilari-hal.l-      /,";'",'"' 


s  7 

0.1 

29.9 

1 

23.6 

19.0 

14.3 

16.7 

2.  ■''. 
SO.  u' 


2,424 
1,103 


1,394 


•.  5 
I..0 

6.6 
6.8 
6.6 
6.3 


K3 
8.357 

286 
130 
19 
106 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


.'  < 
2.3 
3.0 
13 

2.8 
3.6 
1.9 
2.9 


28 
19 
18 


27 

48 


1          73,322 

1 

'             1,&51 

71.471 

2.6 

423.373 

-.1 

3,277 
876 
127 
58 

U 
S48 

3.0 

S 

4.3.020 

8.5.i2 

1,555 

465 

■               377 

19,307 

3 

1,123 
428 
59 
29 

'              s 
204 

41,903 

8.124 

1,496 

436 

309 

19,103 

3 

.37 

2.0 
5.0 
3.8 
6.2 

2.1 
Ll 

249,050 
49,5».7 
8,«14 
2,023 

2,341 

110,357 

21 

194 

5.5 

a2 

?-.5ll 

2.0 
2.0 
2.3 
2.0 

1.6 

1.7 

t 
10 

s 

12 

s 

2 

37 

r,   2 

1 

1 

MARYL.ANU. 


All  nationalities 

Knelish  and  Welsh. .. 

Scotch 

Iri.sh 

Dutch 

French 

(Jerrnan 

Hebrew 

All  other 


32,012 


2fi,.W4 

2.271 

803 

44 

247 

1.035 

101 

27 


12.142  i 

10.633  I 
870 
24(1 

23  I 

112 

221 

16 

16 


19.870 

15.891  I 
1.305 
017 
21 

135 

1,714 

85 

12 


All  nationalities 

48,021 

1                      1 
'         14,946  1 

English  and  Welsh ...           ... 

39,920 

5,369 

1,172 

70 

144 

1,314 

1 
31 

12,421 

1,704 

397 

22 

90 
240 

Scotch                                                                                         t 

Irish 

Dutch , 

Geniiun...     .                                                                 .... 

Aii  other. 

" 

33.076 


37.9    ;      1  191,027 


40.1 
38.6 
28.5  I 
52. 3  1 

45.3 
11.4 
16.8 
65.8 


I'-.l.Oll 

12.441 

4.5.10 

254 

1.336 
11,246  I 
699  ! 
190. 


VIlKilNI.V." 
NORTH  CAROLINA. 


31.1 


37.499 

3.005 

775 

48 

54 

1,074 

1 

a) 


SOUTH  <-.VU<)H.N.V. 


'305,334 


31.1 
33.9  I 
33.9 
31.4 

62.6 
18.3 


220.500 

29.JI39 

U.20C 

406 

751 

7,422 

I 

154 


no 

0.1  I 
5  6 
5,3 
5.8 

6.4 
5.8 
6.9 
7.0 


6.6 


84.760 


74,036 

5.824 

2,072 

124 

719 
944 
85 
66 


91,730 


6.5  I 
60 
63 
68 

62  I 
5.0  I 
1.0  ' 
60! 


T9,oae 

8,468 
3.297 


001 
6SA 


7,.' 

JM 

6.6 

266 

8.4 

340 

6.4 

283 

6.4 

391 

4.3 

40 

6.3 

M 

4.3 

341 

6.4 

4.8 
6.8 
a.2 

6.7 
2.S 


Itl 


168 

196 
101 

417 
43 


All  nationalities                         

25.553  f          8.798 

16.754 

34.4 

140,178 

20,884 

3,107 

627 

41 

405 
446 
14 
28 

7,043 

1,072 

213 

13 

2«8 

170 

6 

13 

13.841 

3.085 

414 

28 

137 

376 

8 

16 

33.7 
34.6 
34.0 
31.7 

66.2 
38.1 
42.9 
46i4 

115,480 
16,447 

3.570 
219 

1.882 

2.343 

86 

146 

5  ■ 

Scotcli                                                            

5.:i 

Irish..                                          

5.7 

Dutcli                                                                 

5.3 

French                                                           

4.6 

5.3    1 

Hebrew                                                 

,.  1 

Ail  other 

- 

l.>    >■ 

' 

lis 

^, 

413 

ll.i'v. 

,.  • 

3!« 

I.tt'l 

9.3 

313 

291 

22.4 

710 

4.937 

ia4 

1.219 

1.101 

6.6 

247 

13 

8.7 

n 

:» 

1X0 

667 

'  Exclusive  of  17,022  persons  tor  whom  no  data  are  available. 


Schedules  destroyed. 


>  Exclusive  of  23,847  i^TMtM  (ui  u  i.uiii  no  data  are  arallatale. 


276 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROAVTH. 


T^sLE  114  -NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


FAMIUES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

! 

Slavcholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.i 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Slavcholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Nimiber  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

Wliite. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

per  slave- 
holding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
lamily. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

The  state 

24,065 

123 

123 

760 

6.2 

23,942 

23, 8,59 

140,428 

5.9 

83 

0.5 

99.1 

0.3 

157 

1.3 

Cheshire  coirnty 

4,796 

16 

16 

107 

6.7 

4,780 

4,766 

28,569 

6.0 

14 

0.3 

99.4 

0.3 

18 

\.\ 

117 
188 
160 
315 
240 

161 
94 
157 
187 
54 

86 

203 

■     208 

42 

72 

138 
64 
60 
132 
123 

190 
46 
221 
188 
123 

37 
79 

102 
88 

195 

97 
51 
299 
189 

2,463 

117 
188 
159 
316 
238 

160 
94 

157 
1S7 
54 

84 

203 

206 

42 

72 

138 
64 
69 
131 
123 

190 
45 
221 
188 
122 

37 
79 

192 
88 

193 

97 
51 
298 
188 

2,460 

117 
188 
158 
315 
238 

160 
93 

166 
187 
54 

84 
201 
206 
42 
71 

138 
64 
59 
130 
122 

190 
45 
221 
187 
122 

37 
79 
191 

87 
193 

97 

51 

297 

187 

2,446 

705 
1,111 
1,099 
1,901 
1,398 

976 
533 
895 
1,038 
298 

508 

1,227 

1,286 

242 

412 

786 
319 
327 
767 
721 

1,022 

202 

1,380 

1,136 

694 

219 
448 

1.149 
537 

1,238 

545 

267 

1,988 

1,196 

13,315 

6.0 
5.9 
7.0 
6.0 
6.9 

6.1 
5.7 
5.7 
5.6 
5.5 

6.0 
6.1 
6.3 
5.8 
5.8 

5.7 
5.0 
5.5 
5.9 
5.9 

5.4 
4.5 
6.2 
6.1 
5.7 

5.9 
5.7 
6.0 
6.2 
6.4 

5.6 
5.2 
6.7 
6.4 

5.4 

100.0 
100.0 

98.8 
100.0 

99.2 

99.4 
98.9 
99.4 
100.0 
100.0 

97.7 
99.0 
98.6 
100.0 
98.6 

100.0 
100.0 
98.3 
98.5 
99.2 

100,0 
97.8 

100.0 
99.5 
99.2 

100.0 
100.0 
99.5 
98.9 
99.0 

100.0 
100.0 
99.3 
98.9 

99.3 

1         1 

1 

3 

3.0 

1 

0.6 

0.6 

1 

1.0 

Claremont         

2 
1 

2 

1 

21 
4 

10.5 
4.0 

'  "i' 

1 

0.8 
0.6 

"i.'i' 

0.6 

2 

1 

1.0 

1.0 



Hinsdale 

2 

2 

12 

6.0 

"'"•i 

1 

2.3 

"i.o" 

0.6 

4 

2.0 

Keene 

2 

2 

15 

7.5 

1.0 

2 

1.0 

1 

1.4 

New  Grantham. . .   . . 

1 

1 

1 
1 

4 
7 

4.0 
7.0 

'"'i' 
1 

1.7 
0.8 

"o.'s' 

0.8 

1 

1 

1.0 

1.0 

Plainfield..   . 

Protectworth.. 

1 

1 

7 

7.0 

2.2 

1 

1.0 

Rindee 

1 

0.5 

Stoddard 

1 

1 

6 

6.0 

0.8 

1 

i.6 

Sullivan 

Swanzey 

1 

1 

0.5 
1.1 

Unity 

Walpole 

2 

2 

13 

6.5 

1.0 

2 

1.0 

Washinston 

WendeU 

Westmoreland 

1 
1 

13 

1 
1 

.13 

7 
8 

107 

7.6 
8.0 

8.2 

1 

1 

4 

0.3 
0.5 

0.5 

0.3 

0.5 

0.2 

1 

1 

21 

1.0 

Winchester 

1  0 

1.6 

Alexandria 

64 
51 
.86 
01 
23 

54 
50 
84 
60 
23 

54 
.50 
84 
60 
23 

297 
244 
482 
276 
141 

6.6 
4.9 
5.7 
4.6 
6.1 

100.0 
9,8.0 
98.8 
98.4 

100.0 

Bartlett 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

3 
10 
4 

3.0 
10.0 
4.0 

2.0 
1.2 
L6 

1 
1 

1 

Bath 

1  0 

1  0 

Burton 

Cambridge  (not  inhabited) . . 

75 

87 

12 

4 

70 
7 
65 
17 
2 

3 

21 
37 

1 

1 

15 

15.0 

74 

87 

12 

4 

70 
7 
65 
17 
2 

3 
21 
37 

74 

87 

12 

4 

70 
7 
65 
17 
2 

3 
21 
37 

379 
483 
58 
26 

373 
29 

313 
88 
14 

21 
111 
175 

5.i 
5.6 
4.8 
6.5 

5.3 
4.1 
4.8 
5.2 
7.0 

7.0 
5.3 
4.7 

1.3 

98.7 
100.0 
100.  0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100,0 

100.0 
100.  0 
100.0 

1 

Canaan 

Chatham 

Cockburn 

Cockermouth 

Colburne 

Concord  (alias  Guuthwaite) 

Coventry 

Dalton 

Dame's  Location 

Dartmouth 

Dorchester 

Duminer  (not  inhabited) 

Enfleld  (alias  Relham) 

124 

124 

124 

722 

5.8 

100.0 

F.rrol  (not  inhabited) 

Francoiiia 

16 
09 
2 

212 



10 

09 
2 

211 

16 
69 
2 

210 

72 

403 

9 

1,364 

4.5 
6.8 
4.5 

0.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

99.1 

Grafton 

Hale's  Location 

Hanover  (including  152  stu- 
dents at  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege)  

1 
1 

1 

5 

,^,.0 

1 

0.5 

0.5 

2 

2.0 

1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  277 

''''sll\^SS\fJ:ZS''^i^^^^^^^  AS  SLAVEnOL..NG  .SU  NON- 

BY  COUNTIES  AND  MIXOR  Cmulnm^^^^^^^ 

>fEW  HAMPSHIREi-Contlnued. 


COUKTY   AND  TOWX. 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


Grafton  f-o'intv— Continued. 

Hart's  lyocation 

Haverhill 

Kilkenny  (not  Inhabited)... 

I^-aneaster 

LandafI 


Lebanon . 
Lincoln... 
Littleton. 
Lyman. .. 
Lyme 


Mlllfleld  (not  inhabited). 

New  Chosler 

New  Holderncss 

Xorthumberland 

Oran.qe 


Orford 

I'eellng  (not  Inhabited). 

I'ercy 

i*lerniont 

Plymouth 


Rumney 

Senter's  Location. 

Phelbiime 

Stark's  Location... 


Sterling's  Location 

Stratford 

Success  (not  inhabited). 
Thorn  ion 


3 
101 

'"27 
55 

225 
S 
19 
43 

175 


8 
72 
131 

71 
3 
6 


70 


Trecothif  k  (not  Inhabited). 

Wale-  's  Location 

\VaiTen 

Wentworlh 


Hillsborough  county 5,330 


.\mher;t. . . 
-Vndover... 
.\ntrtm  ... 
Bedford... 
Boscawen . 


Bradford 

CampljcU's  Gore. 

Dearinc 

DerryiH'ld 

Derryficid  Gore.. 


Dunbarton 

Dunstable 

Duxbury  Milc-sMp. 

Fishersficld 

Franccstown 


Goffstown 

Hancock 

Henikor 

nillshorough. 
Ilollis 


nopkinton 

KersarRo  Gon^ 

Litchfic-ld 

Lyndborouqh 

LjTidborough  Gore. 


Mason 

Mcrrimac 

New  Boston.. 
Now  Ipswich. 


New  London 

Nottiui^ham  West. 

Peterborough 

Raby 


3S4 
111 

97 
I'll 
17s 

45 

23 
14S 
58 

4 

134 

115 

27 

60 
173  , 

201  t 

117 

177 

m 

211' 

26,' 

IC 

S7 

219 

8 

145 

135 : 

177 
176 

.50 
188 
136 

60 


Num- 
ber. 


Slaveholdlng. 


^Vhltc. 


Nonslavi-linl.llrx' 


Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 


Number  of 
members. 


Aver- 

Total.  I  a^  per 

I  family. 


Free 
col- 
ored.! 


2o| 


Num- 
ber. 


12.5  1 


Num- 
ber of 
(uni- 
ties. 


1 

II 


S.0 
10.0  I 


6.7 
10.0 


3 

•jji- 

K  ! 
225   I 

«   I 
19 
43   i 

175  I 

!| 

"so'  ' 

62   I 

16 

21 

90 


130 

71 
3 
6 
6 

2 
25 


70 


1 
35 
43 

6,330 


3 
99 

"27 
55 

223 
5 
19 
43 

174 


SO 
62 
16 
21 

90 

'"s 

69 
130 

71 
3 
6 
6 

2 
25 


Number  of 
m^mben. 


Aver- 

Total.  I  ate  per 

family. 


Free 
col- 
oiBd.i 


70 


1 
35 
42 

6.317 


\2 
622  , 

"'i«i' 

202 

1,172 

22 

9« 

202 

815  ! 


312  I 
329 
117  I 
125  I 


48 
402 
611 

411 
8 
35 
29 

9 
144 


4.0 
6.3    . 

'e'o' ; 

5.3    . 

5.3  I 

4.4  . 

5.1    . 

4.7  ,. 
4.7 


6.2 
6.3 

7.3 
CO 


Per  cent  families  of  each 
clus  form  of  all  (unlUn. 


SIsTeboldliiK. ! 


Nooslanv 
holdlnf. 


Free 
White,    col-     White. 

ored.i 


Fres 
ool- 


BJlTBa. 


Arrnrr 

Total  I. 
num-  1' 
ber.      ! 

iarnny. 


6.0 
6.8 
4.7 

5.8 
2.7 
6.8 
4.8 

4.S 

6.8 


6 
202 
241 

32.706 


5.5 


l.I  I 


4.2 

0.8 


6.0  i. 

6.8 :. 

6.7   . 


6.2        13 


384 

3!>4 

•   2,351 

111 

111 

645 

97 

97 

630 

141 

141 

890 

178 

178 

1,107 

45 

45 

217 

23 

23 

120 

148 

148 

936 

58 

58 

362 

4 

4 

30 

134 

131 

901 

115 

115 

633 

27 

27 

169 

60 

60 

325 

173 

173 

983 

201 

200 

1,241 

117 

118 

631 

177 

177 

1,116 

141 

141 

797 

342 

242 

1,441 

269 

289 

1,714 

18 

18 

103 

57 

54 

352 

219 

219 

1.280 

8 

8 

38 

145 

145 

919 

135 

135 

8C9 

177 

177 

1.194 

ITS 

176 

1,237 

50 

SO 

311 

188 

is; 

1,051 

1.16 

136 

857 

60 

59 

335 

6.1 

5.8 
5.4 


loao 

98.0  1 

'iod'o'i 
loao  I 

99.1 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

99.4 


lOO.O 
100.0 
100.0 
S5.S 

98.9 

'i66.'6',. 

95.8  |. 

99.3  . 

100.O,. 
100.0  I. 
100.0  . 
100.0  . 

100.0'. 

laaoj. 


xo 


0.9 


0.6 


1.0 

xo 


1.0 
4.0 


100.0 


100.0 
100.0 

loao 

99.8 


6.3    1 lOO.O 


6.2 

4.8 
6.3 
6  3 
6.2 
7.5 

6.9 
5.5 
6.3 
5.4 
5.7 

S.2 
5.4 

6.3 
6.7 
6.0 

6.4 
6  7 
6.5 
5.8 
4.8 


100." 

lun  " 

101.0 


100.0 
100.0 

loao 

100.0 
100  0 

loao 

97.8 

loao 
100  0 

100  0 

loao 

99.5 

99.1 

loao 

100.0 

loao 

loao 
loao 
»<  7 

ini  0 
lou  0 


a.'. 

0.V 


53 


6.3 
601... 

6.7    !-•    u 

7.0    1 1 IUIlO 


6.2 
5.6 
6.3 
4.7 


loao 

99.5 
100.0 
98.1 


as 
'i.'j 


'  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


76292—09- 


-19 


278 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  114  —NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHERWITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NLIIBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 


FAMIUES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  f  jrm  of  ail  famities. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

per  slave- 
holding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Hillsborough  county— Cont'd. 

215 
45 
57 
90 

116 
148 
286 
159 

7,398 

215 
45 
67 
90 

116 
148 
286 
159 

7,322 

215 
45 
57 
90 

114 
148 
286 
168 

7,275 

1,360 
260 
329 
520 

741 

863 

1,924 

1,088 

42,419 

6.3 

5.8 
5.8 
5.8 

6.5 
5.8 
6.7 
6.9 

5.8 

■  100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

98.3 
100.0 
100.0 

99.4 

98.3 

2 

1.7 

Wilton        

1 
47 

0.6 
0.6 

76 

76 

438 

5.8 

1.0 

97 

1.3 

Allenstown 

46 
79 
94 
156 
167 

160 
340 
82 
278 
299 

58 
223 
131 
287 

20 

105 
121 
154 
91 
75 

146 
167 
422 
166 
94 

89 
194 
99 
99 
114 

124 

178 
131 
155 

147 
91 
78 

893 

128 
152 
207 
105 

132 
73 
113 

102 

4,078 

128 
420 
98 
314 
225 

14 

31 

441 

180 

98 

46 
79 
94 
155 
167 

159 
340 
82 
274 
297 

58 
218 
131 

286 
20 

103 
120 
153 
91 
74 

146 
167 
417 
164 
94 

80 
193 
98 
99 
114 

123 
171 
131 
153 

147 
94 

77 
872 

128 
150 
206 
105 

132 
73 

142 
99 

4,060 

127 
420 
98 
308 
222 

44 
30 
440 
ISO 
93 

46 

79 

94 

154 

167 

159 
340 
82 
273 
297 

68 
218 
131 
273 

20 

102 
119 
162 
90 
74 

146 
167 
415 
163 
94 

80 
192 
98 
99 
114 

123 
170 
131 
153 

146 
94 
77 

856 

125 
150 
205 
105 

132 
73 

140 
99 

4,055 

254 
478 
566 
967 
1,039 

1,038 
1,898 
492 
1,707 
1,601 

356 
1,219 

830 

1,637 

93 

699 
713 
842 
637 
418 

804 

902 

2,588 

1,052 

534 

475 
1,125 
526 
655 
604 

745 

1,020 

794 

954 

868 

516 

489 

4,497 

719 

811 

1,203 

562 

713 
448 
870 
631 

23,419 

5.5 
6.1 
6.0 
6.3 
6.2 

6.5 
5.6 
6.0 
6.3 

5.4 

6.1 
5.6 
6.3 
6.0 

4.7 

5.9 
6.0 
5.5 
6.0 
5.6 

5.5 
5.4 
6.2 
6.5 
5.7 

5.9 
S.9 
5.4 
6.6 
5.3 

6.1 
6.0 
6.1 
6.2 

6.9 
5.5 
6.4 
5.3 

.5.8 
5.6 
5.9 
5.4 

5.4 
6.1 
6.2 
6.4 

5.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
98.7 
100.0 

99.4 
100.0 
100.0 
98.2 
99.3 

100.0 
97.8 

100.0 
95.1 

100.0 

97.1 
98.3 
98.7 
98.9 
98.7 

ioo.o 

100.0 
98.3 
98.2 

100.0 

89.9 
99.0 
99.0 
100.0 
100.0 

99.2 
95.5 
100.0 
98.7 

99.3 
100.0 
98.7 
95.9 

97.7 
98.7 
99.0 
100.0 

100.0 

ino.o 

97.9 
97.1 

99.4 

Brintwood 

1 

1 

2 

2.0 

1 

0.6 

0.6 

1 

1  0 

Canterbury.      .  . 

1 

1 

6 

6.0 

0.6 

3 

3  0 

Chester 

Chichester 

Concord 

4 
2 

4 
2 

20 
9 

5.0 
4.5 

1 

1.4 

0.7 

0.4 

4 
2 

1  0 

Deerfleld 

East  Kingston 

5 

5 

29 

5.8 



2.2 

5 

Exeter.   . 

1 

1 

2 

2.0 

13 

0.3 

4.5 

2 

''  0 

Gosport  (on  Star  Island).... 

Greenland  .  . 

2 
1 
1 

2 

1 
1 

21 
9 
6 

10.5 
9.0 
6.0 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1.9 
0.8 
0.6 

1.0 
0.8 
0.6 
1.1 

2 

1 
1 

1  0 

Hampton 

1  0 

Hampton  Kalis 

1 

1 

3 

3.0 

1.3 



1 

1.0 

Kensington 

Kingston 

Londonderry 

5 
2 

5 
2 

42 
18 

8.4 
9.0 

2 
1 

1.2 
1.2 

0.5 
0.6 

5 

2 

1.0 
1.0 

Loudon 

Newcastle 

Newington 

9 

1 
1 

9 
1 
1 

51 
4 
3 

5.7 
4.0 
3.0 

"i' 

10.1 
0.5 
1.0 



0.5 

14 
1 

1 

1.6 
1.0 
1.0 

Northampton 

Northfleld 

1 

7 

1 
7 

5 
34 

5.0 
4  9 

...... 

0.8 
3.9 

'ae' 

1 
11 

1.0 
1.6 

Nottingham 

Pelham 

Pembrools... 

Pittsficid 

2 

2 

6 

3.0 

1 

1.3 

0.7 

2 

1.0 

Plaistow 

Poplin 

1 
21 

1 
21 

2 
121 

2.P 
6.8 

"ie 

3 

...... 

1.3 
2.4 

"1.8" 
2.3 
"o.h' 

1 
26 

1.0 

1.2 

Raymond 

Rve 

2 
1 

2 

i 

12 
4 

6  0 
4.0 

1.3 
0.5 

3 

2 

L5 
2.0 

Sandown 

Seabrook 

South  Hampton 

Stratham 

1 
3 

18 

1 

3 

18 

3 

26 

108 

3.0 
8.7 

6.0 

2 
5 

0.7 
2.9 

0.4 



1.4 
0.1 

1 
5 

21 

i.6 

1.7 
1.2 

Windham 

Bamstcad 

1 

1 

4 

4.0 

127 
420 
98 
308 
222 

44 
30 
436 
180 
98 

802 
2, 179 

674 
1,937 
1,222 

254 

148 

2,578 

1,034 

588 

6.3 
5.9 

5  9 

0.8 

99.2 
100.0 
100.0 
98.1 
98.7 

100.0 
96.8 
98.9 
100.0 
100.0 

1 

1.0 

Barrington 

Conway 

Dover 

6 
3 

6 
3 

33 
19 

5.5 
6.3 

6.3 
5.5 

5.8 
4.9 
5.9 
5.7 
6.0 

1.9 
1.3 

S 
3 

1.3 

Durham 

Eaton 

Effingham 

1 
1 

1 
1 

4 
9 

4.0 
9.0 

■■■4" 

3.2 
0.2 

"69' 

1 
1 

10 
l.« 

Lee 

Madbury 

!  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


279 

Table  114.-NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  TUE  FIIiST  CENSUS   CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEIIOI  I.IVf  Avn  vnv 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE-Contlnued. 


rAMlUU. 

laToboldL 

*L4TB1. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

SlaTeboldlng. 

Nou 

■«• 

Pw  oent  (unlllM  ol  mcb 
slMi  lonn  at  aU  lamlllM. 

Toul 
nuni- 
Ur. 

COUNTY   AND  TOWN. 

Num. 
bcr. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
onsd.i 

'1 

While. 

Fnw 
col- 
onsd.i 

Slavcboldlnc. 

NooiUto. 
holdlnf. 

Aicraca 
numLrr 
prrtUvn. 
holdinc 
family. 

Num- 
ber of 
(ami- 
nes. 

Number  of 
members. 

1 
Num-  ' 
•»'•       Num. 

Number  of 
membcn. 

White. 

Fm 
col. 
ored.i 

Whila. 

Free 

od- 
ond.i 

A¥cr- 

Total.  ago  nor 

lamlly. 

(ami- 
Uea. 

Total. 

Aver- 

Strallord  county— Continued. 
Merideth 

153 
107 
91 

.U 

69 

158 
107 
90 

lot 

74 

111 
09 
50t 
293 

155 

lei 

2 
9 

46 
20 
US 
78 

1S3 
107 

90 
104 

73 

111 

69 

506 

293 

155 

161 

2 

9 

46 
20 
US 
78 

878 
617 
559 
554 
438 

cso 

339 
2,843 
1,587 

905 

919 

3 

48 

260 
109 
646 
448 

6.7 
5.8 
6.2 
5.3 
6.0 

5.9 
4.9 
5  6 
5.4 

5.8 
5.7 
IS 
5.3 

6.7 
5.5 
5.6 
6.7 

100  r, 

Moultonboruugh 

i' 

1 

6' 

■  "s.6' 

........ 

li>'  '                                

New  Durham 

I'-    '                           1  ,            1.0 

New  Durham  Ciorp 

1 

98.6 

loao 

100.0 
99  8 
100.0 

100.0 
98.2 
luu.n 
lOOO 

97.9 

loao 

100.0 

loao 

■,,.|.:::: 

New  TTiimplon 

Os.si|u-i' 

!l 

Uo'hisler 

Sanborn  town 

50- 
293 

l.i         1 

8 

11.0 

0.3 

■::''|; • 

1.0 

Sand  wirh 

l.W 

164 

2 

9 

47 
20 
115 
78 

.     ! 

8j          3 

21 

i.O 

l.g 

::::::! 4- 

......... 

Stark's  I.ocation 

I.I 

Sterling's  Location 

1            1 

5 

5.0 

2.1 

'       '■• 

Tutfouborouph 

Wakefield 



1! 

Wolfborough 

1 

il 

RHODE  ISLAin). 


Thestate 11,290 


Bristol  county . . 

Harrington. 

Bristol 

Warren 


Kent  county . 


Coventry , 

Kasl  Greenwich., 

Warwick , 

West  Greenwich. 


Newport  county . 


Jamestown 

Little  t'ompton. 

Mtddleton 

New  Shorehnm.. 

Newport , 

Portsmouth 

Tiverton 


Providence  county. 


Cranston 

Cumberland. 

Foster 

Gloiestcr 

Johnstown... 


115 
252 
200 

1,387 


394 
296 
397 
300 

2,448 


79 
260 
128 

90 

1,242 

243 

406 

4,016 


315 
313 
363  I 
620 
219 


North  Providence I  183 

Providence !  1, 127 

Scltuate '  382 

SmlthQeld ■  494 

Washington  county |  2,878 


Charleston 

Kxoter 

IIoi>kinston 

North  Kingston. 

Richmond 

South  Kingston. 
Westerly 


295 
423 
404 
454 
290 
653 
359 


461  1 


53 


4 

8 
IC 
4 

180 


8 
12 

8 
20 
109 
10 
13 


53    318 


180 


12 
8 

20 
109 
10 
13 


40 
221 
57 


23 
67 
88 
43 

1,157 


44 

84 
65 
139 
l>48 
81 
96 

391 


SO 


27 
12 
20 

30 
206 
24 
20 

906 


4  • 
24  , 

6 
42 

2  , 
60  I 
4  I 


21 
154 

35 

262 

9 


6.5 


6.0 


5.0 
6.S 
5.2 


58 
8.4 
5.6 
10  7 

6.4 


5.S 
7.0 
8.1 

7.0 
5.9 
8.1 

7.4 


9.0 
12.0 
6.7 

7.5 
7.2 
8.0 
S.0 


5.3 
6.4 
5.8 
6.2 
4.5 
6.4 
9.8 


10,835  II  10,393 


514 


504 


107 
218 
189 

1,355 


390 

288 
381 
296 

2,268 


71 
248 
120 

70 

1,133 

233 

393 

3,962 


308 
313 
360 
619 
216 

179 

1,096 

379 

490 

2,736 


103 
213 

188 


385 
281 
350 
293 

2,141 


63 
246 
119 

TO 

1,054 

231 

358 

3,840 


285 
311 
357 
617 
204 

171 

1,029 

376 

480 

2,599 


291  > 

399 

396 

412 

288 

593 

355 


271 
384 
393 
382 
28S 
535 
349 


61,590  I 


2,694 


599 
1,074 
1,021 

8,228 


5.9  '  442  I 


.12.0  I  S.9 


10 


5.8 
5.0 
5.4 


2,420 

1.674 
2. 156 
1,9(8 

12.024 


379 
1.400 
734 
438 
5.447 
1.472 
2,154 

23.023 


6.3 
6.0 
G.2 
&8 

5.6 


1,744 
1,958 
2,222 
3,981 
1.226 

986 
5,592 
2,257 
3,057 

15,621 


1,584 
2,218 
2,350 
2,348 
1,682 
3,258 
2,181 


60 
6.7 
6.2 
6.3 
5.2 
C4 
6.0 


S.0 
6.3 
6.2 
6.5 
6.0 

6.8 
S.4 
6.0 
6.4 


5.8 
5.8 
«lO 
6.1 
5.9 
6.1 
6.3 


5 

7 

31 

3 

127 


79 

2 

36 

122 


69 
3 

10 

137 


9.3 


7.0 
13.  S 
5.5 

2.3 


1.0 
2.7 
4.0 
1.3 

7.4 


lai 

4.6 
6.3 
22.2 
8.8 
4.1 
3.2 

1.3 


0.8 
03 
1.4 

2.3 
2.6 
0  8 
08 


1.4 
5.7 
I.S 
9.3 
07 
ti.3 
1.1 


•  I      88.9  I 


89.6 
84.5 
94.0 

•4.4 


97.7 
94.9 


97.7 
87.  S 


79.7 
94.  C 
93.0 
77.8 
84.9 
»5.  I 
88.2 

95.6 


937 
99.4 
98.3 
99.6 
912 

gs.4 

91.1 
98.4 
97.2 

901 


91.9 
(OS 
97.1 
84.1 
98.1 
81.9 
97.3 


3.5 
2.0 
OS 

S.3 


1.1 

2.4 
7.8 
1.0 

6.3 


10.1 
08 

as 


6.4 
0  8 
86 

1.0 


4.1 

o.e 
as 
as 

5.5 

4.4 
6.1 

OR 

2  0 


a8 

3.5 
1.2 
6.6 
1.0 
89 
1.7 


S 
II 

35 
10 

173 


16 
23 
IS 
48 

226 
19 
3S 

81 


4 

I 
3 

S 
47 
« 
5 

344 


I  Includes  families  of  Indiana  taxed. 


280  A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 

Table  114=  -NUMBER  OP  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING.W^ITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHERWITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 

CONNECTICUT. 


FAMILIES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.i 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

per  slave- 
holding 
family. 

• 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
fanuly. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

The  State 

40,876 

1,663 

1,557 

9,769 

6.3 

6 

39,313 

38,900 

222,372 

5.7 

413 

3.8 

m 

96.2 

1.0 

2,648 

1.7 

Palrfleld  county 

6,412 

470 

470 

2,798 

6.0 

5,942 

5,899 

32,376 

5.5 

43 

7.3 

92.0 

0.7 

799 

1.7 

Brookfield 

Danbury 

Fairfield       

189 
663 
707 
527 
476 

277 
445 

[  1,628 

264 
351 
548 
437 

6,582 

2 

18 
96 
49 
67 

9 

47 

67 

20 
6 
67 
23 

157 

2 
18 
96 
49 
67 

9 
47 

67 

20 

5 

67 

23 

167 

5 
130 
640 
308 
400 

44 

297 

420 

131 
26 
376 
121 

1,020 

2.5 
7.2 
5.6 
6.3 
6.0 

4.9 
6.3 

6.3 

6.6 
5.2 
6.6 
5.3 

6.6 

187 
545 
611 
478 
409 

268 
398 

1,561 

244 
346 
481 
414 

6,425 

186 
641 
609 
476 
398 

268 
397 

1,647 

242 
346 
478 
411 

6,372 

997 
2,859 
3,253 
2,748 
2,174 

1,615 
2,410 

8,190 

1,321 
1,912 
2,699 
2,298 

36,494 

5.4 
6.3 
6.3 
6.8 
5.5 

5.7 
6.1 

5.3 

5.5 
5.5 
5.6 
5.6 

6.7 

1 

4 
2 
2 
11 

"i' 

14 

2 

""'3 
3 

63 

1.1 
3.2 

13.6 
9.3 

14.1 

3.2 
10.6 

4.1 

7.6 
1.4 
12.2 
5.3 

2.4 

98.4 
96.1 
86.1 
90.3 
83.6 

96.8 
89.2 

96.0 

91.7 
98.6 
87.2 
94.1 

96.8 

0.5 
0.7 
0.3 
0.4 
2.3 

■■6.'2' 

0.9 
0.8 

"'6.' 5" 

0.7 
0.8 

3 
23 

203 
82 

120 

9 

71 

117 

32 

5 

98 

36 

266 

1.5 
1.3 
2.1 

Greenwich 

Huntington 

New  Fairfield 

1.7 
1.8 

1.0 

Newtown 

Norwalk 

Stamford 

Reading 

Ridgefield 

Stratford 

Weston 

Hartford  county 

1.5 
1.7 

1.6 
1.0 
1.5 
1.6 

1.6 

Berlin 

Bristol 

East  Hartford. 

452 
440 
473 
4S0 
317 

439 
408 
489 
663 
424 

389 
407 
6S5 
456 

6,563 

2 
1 

16 
8 

10 

6 
14 

2 

1 
16 

8 
10 

6 
14 

14 
4 

93 
49 
47 

42 
70 

7.0 
4.0 
6.2 
6.1 
4.7 

7.0 
5.0 



450 
439 
458 
472 
307 

433 
454 
489 
633 
422 

380 
393 
648 
447 

6,444 

449 
434 
457 
470 
307 

426 
442 
489 
626 
422 

376 
388 
641 
446 

6,400 

2,469 
2,446 
2,879 
2,498 
1,745 

2,598 
2,506 
2,602 
3,733 
2,659 

2,006 
2,3S0 
3,432 
2,533 

37,392 

5.6 
5.6 
6.3 
5.3 
5.7 

6.1 
6.8 
6.3 
6.0 
6.3 

5.3 
6.0 
5.4 
5.7 

5.8 

1 
5 
1 
2 

7 
12 

0.4 
0.2 
3.2 
1.7 
3.2 

1.4 
3.0 

99.3 
98.6 
96,6 
97.9 
96.8 

97.0 
94.4 
100.0 
94.3 
99.5 

96.7 
95.3 
93.6 
97.8 

97.6 

0.2 
1.1 
0.2 
0.4 

1.6 
2.6 

2 
2 

31 
8 

13 

7 
27 

1.0 
2.0 
2.1 

East  Windsor 

1.0 

Enfield 

Farmington 

1.3 
1.2 

Glastonbury ... . 

1.9 

Hartford 

30 
2 

9 

14 
37 
9 

119 

30 
2 

9 
14 
37 

9 

119 

212 
23 

09 

99 

246 

52 

776 

7.1 
11.5 

7.7 
7.1 
6.6 
6.8 

6.5 

8 

4 
6 
7 

1 

44 

4.5 
0.5 

2.3 
3.4 
5.4 
2.0 

1.8 

1.2 

1.0 
1.2 
1.0 
0.2 

0.7 

47 
2 

11 
28 
59 
19 

203 

1.0 

Simsbury 

1.0 

Bouthington 

SuiTield       .   ... 

1.2 
2.0 

Wethersfield 

1.6 

Windsor 

2.1 

T^itphfipld  rntinty 

1.7 

Bethlem 

179 
255 
230 
215 
3,358 
555 

307 
146 
268 
574 
476 

3,282 

4 
12 
3 
4 
47 
12 

9 
5 
6 
9 
9 

114 

4 
12 
3 
4 
47 
12 

t 
6 
9 
9 

113 

39 
70 
17 
37 
290 
96 

50 
24 
33 
01 
59 

685 

9.8 
6.8 
5.7 
9.3 
6.2 
8.0 

5.6 
4.8 
6.6 
6.8 
6.6 

6.1 

1 

176 
243 
227 
211 
3,311 
543 

298 
141 

263 
505 
467 

3,168 

175 
239 
227 
210 
3,292 
536 

294 
1.39 
261 
564 
463 

3,146 

1,012 
1,357 
1,345 
1,263 
19,765 
3,010 

1,652 
740 
1,028 
3,008 
2,662 

17,790 

6.8 
5.7 
5.9 
6.0 
6.0 
6.6 

5.6 
5.3 
6.2 
6.4 
6.6 

5.7 

"■"4 

...... 

19 
7 

4 
2 
2 

1 
4 

23 

2.2 
4.7 
1.3 
1.9 
1.4 
2.2 

2.9 
3.4 
1.9 
1.6 
1.9 

3.4 



97.8 
93.7 
98.7 
97.7 
9S,0 
90.6 

95.8 
95.2 
97.4 
98.3 
97.3 

95.8 

"i.ii' 

"'6.' 5" 

0.6 
1.3 

1.3 
1.4 
0.7 
0-2 
0.8 

0.7 

4 
19 
6 
6 
89 
25 

21 
6 
6 
11 
11 

192 

1.0 

1.6 

2.0 

Kent 

1.5 

Litchfield 

1.9 

NewMilford 

2.1 

Southbury 

2  3 

Warren 

1.2 

Washington 

1.0 

Watertown 

1.2 

Woodbury 

1.2 

Middlesex  county . . 

1  7 

Chatham 

East  Haddain 

563 
472 
356 
390 
942 
559 

6,012 

386 
445 
658 
209 
169 

728 
291 

447 
919 

238 
656 
662 
414 

12 
10 
3 
6 

60 
24 

241 

12 
10 
3 
5 
60 
23 

241 

72 
68 
11 
37 
371 
126 

1,306 

6.0 
6.8 
3.7 
7.4 
6.2 
5.5 

5.4 

"i' 

661 
462 
363 
385 
882 
536 

5,771 

549 
467 
362 
384 
870 
533 

6,684 

3,109 
2,619 
2,170 
2,088 
4,755 
3,049 

28, 478 

5.7 
5.7 
6.2 
5.4 
5.5 
6.7 

5.0 

2 
5 
1 
1 
12 
2 

87 

2.1 
2.1 
0.8 
1.3 
6.4 
4.1 

4.0 

"q.2 

97.6 
96.8 
98.9 
98.5 
92.4 
95.3 

94.6 

0.4 
1.1 
0.3 
0.3 
1.3 
0.4 

1.4 

16 
19 
3 
11 
109 
34 

387 

1.3 
1  9 

Haddam 

Killingworth 

1.0 
2.2 

Say brook 

New  Haven  county 

1.4 
1  6 

Branford 

Cheshire. 

29 
9 

23 
7 

20 

23 
4 
45 
46 

4 
19 
4 
9 

29 
9 

23 
7 

20 

23 
4 
46 
45 

4 

19 
4 
9 

149 

47 

151 

9 

121 

99 
22 
244 
264 

16 
99 
28 
57 

5.1 
5.2 
6.6 
1.3 
6.1 

4.3 
5.5 
5.4 
5.9 

4.0 
5.2 
7.0 
6.3 

C.'.'.'. 

357 
436 
535 
202 
149 

705 
287 
402 
874 

234 
637 
548 
405 

353 
428 
626 
201 
148 

701 
286 
387 
849 

233 
630 
646 
398 

1,990 

2,241 

2,718 

998 

873 

3,293 
1,391 
1,709 
4,028 

1,205 
3,183 
2,817 
2,032 

6.6 
6.2 
6.2 
5.0 
5.9 

4.7 
4.9 
4.4 
4.7 

6.2 
5.1 
5.2 
6.1 

4 
8 
10 

1 
1 

4 

1 

15 
25 

1 
7 
3 

7 

7.5 
2.0 
4.1 
3.3 
1      11.8 

3.2 

1.4 

10.1 

4.9 

1.7 

2.9 

0.7 

.        2.2 



91.6 
96.2 
94.1 
96.2 
87.6 

96.3 
98.3 
86.6 
92.4 

97.9 

96.0 

1      98.7 

1      96.1 

1.0 
1.8 
1.8 
0.5 
0.6 

0.5 
0.3 
3.4 
2.7 

0.4 
1.1 
0.6 
1.7 

47 
13 
43 
9 
35 

26 
4 
66 
71 

6 
46 
10 
14 

1.6 
1.4 
1.9 
1  3 

Durham 

Guilford 

J  I 

Hamden 

1.0 
1.4 
1.6 

1.5 
2.4 
2.6 
1.6 

Milford 

New  Haven  city. 

WallinRford 

Waterburv 

Woodbrld'ge 

'  Includes  lamilies  of  Indians  taxed. 


8  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  281 

"^"'s^  lvt\Tm'i^vr\''.frTf  i^.'^L^^^^'''''^     ^'^  ™^  ^'^T  CENSUS.  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEUOLDINU  AND  NON- 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790-ConUn.icd. 

CONNECTICUT-Contlnued. 


COUNTY  AND  TOWS. 


New  London  county  >. 

Tolland  county 

Bottoo 

i-k>ventry 

Ellington 

Hebron 

Somors 

StatTord 

Tolland 

I'nion 

Wlllington 

Windham  county 

Ashford 

Urooklvnp 

Canlorfjury 

Hampton 

KiUingley 

T^banon 

MansllHld 

F^lainfipld 

Pomfret 

Thompson 

Vnliintown 

Windham 

Woodstock 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


5,886 
2,139 


228 
336 
171 
345 
200 

315 
238 
100 
208 

4.200 


393 
177 
288 
201 
326 

573 
393 
238 
244 

333 
230 
414 
330 


Num- 
ber. 


329 
35 


Slaveboldlng. 


White. 


Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 


325 


Number  of 
members. 


Total. 


2,173 
248 


14 
24 
19 
118 
23 

2 
35 


765 


30 
60 
12 
7 
35 

142 
31 
55 

141 

18 
58 
103 
73 


Aver- 
age per 
family. 


8.7 
7.2 


7.0 
8.0 
9.5 
8.3 
7.7 

1.0 
7.0 
8.0 
5.0 

7.8  1 


Free 
col- 
ored.! 


7.5 
10.0 
8.0 
7.0 
5.0 

7.5 
7.8 
8.9 
9.4 

9.0 
8.3 
7.4 
8.1 


Num- 
ber. 


5,357 
2,104 


228 
332 
168 
331 
197 

313 
231 

99 
207 

4,102 


389 
171 

288 
200 
319 

554 

389 
230 
229 

331 
283 
400 
321 


Nowlaveholdlnc. 


WhlU^. 


Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
Uei. 


5,231 
2.104 


Number  of 
members. 


ToUI. 


29,397 
12.857 


228  I 

332 

168 

331 

197 

313 
231 
99 
207 

4.085 


387 
168 
284 
198 
317 

S49 
389 
227 
229 

330 
281 
388 
318 


1.340 
2,078 
1,020 
2,151 
1,190 

1,849 
1,430 

621  I 
1,178 

27,588  1 


ATer- 
ageper 
family. 


5.8 
6.1 


5.9 
8.3 
8.1 
6.6 
6.0 

5.9 
6.2 
6.3 
5.7 

8.8 


2.524 
1.227 
1.855  I 
1.315  I 
2,098 

3.910  I 
2,i.S« 
1,586  I 
1,581  I 

2.238  ' 
1,772 
2.  SCO 
2,327  I 


6.5 
7.3 
6.5 
8.8 
6.8 

7.1 
6.8 
7.0 
8.9 

6.8 
8.3 
8.8 
7.3 


Free 
col- 
ond.i 


126 


37 


Per  cent  funlllea  of  each 
elaa  form  of  all  (ubIUm. 


Slavrholdlng. 


White. 


5.7 
1.6 


0.9 
1.2 
1.2 
4.1 
1.5 

0.8 
2.1 
1.0 
0.6 

2.S 


1.0 
3.4 

0.7 
0.5 
Zl 

3.3 
1.0 
3.4 
8.1 

0.S 
2.4 
3.4 
2.7 


Free 
col- 
ored.! 


ai 


NoodsTe- 
hoidlJI(. 


While. 


•1.0 
98.4 


Free 
ool- 
ond.i 


12 


99.1  I 

98.8  < 

98.2  I 
96.9 
98.6! 

99.4  ' 

97.9  I 
90.0  I 
99.6 

(6.8 


98.5 
94.9 
98.6 
98.5 
97.2 

95.8 

99.0  i 
95.4 
93.9 

99.1  I 
96.9  I 
93.7 
98.4 


0.5 
1.7 
0.7 
10 
0.8 

0.9 


0.3 

0.7 
3.9 

a9 


Total 


Avrraci 

numi«Y 
num.    (M-r  ftlavn> 
brr.      holdlnc 
family. 


•81 


7 

10  ; 
2 
I 

<i 

SI 
7 

10 
19 

7 
21 
28 
12 


LI 
1.1 


LO 
LS 
LI 
L4 
LT 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 


L8 
1.7 
1.0 
1.0 
1.3 

27 
1.8 
LI 
LS 

3.S 

3.0 
2.0 
L3 


NEW  TORK. 


The  state                  

54,878 
12,317 

7,796 
1,474 

7,787 
1.467 

47,495 
8.881 

8.1 
8.1 

9 

7 

47,082 
10,843 

40,308 
10.830 

285,430 
83.051 

5.7 
5.8 

684 

14.2 

0  1 

84.5 
87.9 

1.2 
0.1 

21.191 
3,732 

2.7 
XI 

Albany  county 

13 

1L9 

Albanvcity 

573 
267 
160 
146 
1,232 

792 
280 
535 
281 
399 

331 
807 
505 
378 
499 

1,286 
527 
254 
113 

582 

305 
1,255  , 

608  ' 
1,091  < 

4 

374 

332 
140 

88 
104 

35 

23 
143 
87 
5 
12 

17 
15 
11 

171 
19 
47 
27 

141 

55 

10 

27 

238 

1 

6 

.131 

■      140 

87 

104 

!     ^ 

23 
143 
87 

ll 

5 

65 
17 
15 
11 

171 
19 

138 

55 

10 

27 

235 

1 

6 

1,689 
746 
404 
539 
238 

169 

876 

522 

26 

89 

28 
314 
124 
108 

57 

1,180 
135 
298 
194 

734 

369 

96 

200 

1,457 

2 

39 

5.1 
6.3 
4.6 
5.2 
8.8 

7.3 
6.1 
6.0 
5.2 
7.4 

5.2 
5.7 
7.3 
7.1 
5.2 

8.8 
7.1 
6.3 
7.2 

6.4 

8.7 
9.6 
7.4 
6.2 

2.0 

6.5 

1 
...... 

S 



...... 

241  , 
127 
72  1 
42 
1.197 

769  1 
137 

448 
278 
387 

328 
552 
488 
383 
488 

1,095 
508 
207 
86 

441 

250 

1,245 

481 

855 

238 
125 
72 
41 
1.196 

769 
137 
448 
276 
387 

326 
551 
488 
363 
488 

I.09S 
507 
207 
88 

441 

249 
1,245 

479 
853 

3 

368 

1,210 
846 
359 
205 

8,986 

4,792 
771 
2,545 
1.437 
2,401 

1,741 
3,IM 
2,887 
2.319 
2,866 

8.586 

2.875 

1,309 

484 

2.333 

1,544 
7.087 
2.807 
5,205 

21 

1,531 

5.1 
6.2 
SO 
6.0 
5.8 

6.2 
5.6 
6.7 
5.2 
6,2 

5.3 

5.7 
6.9 
8.4 
5.5 

6.0 

3 

2 

...... 

I 

...... 

...... 

...... 

2 

67.8 
62.4 
54.4 
71.2 

0.2 
0.8 

41.5 
46.8 
46.0 
28.1 
97.1 

97.1 
48.9 

83.7 
(8.2 

(7.0 

98.5 
90.8 
96.2 
98.0 
(7.8 

88.5 
96.2 
81.5 
76.1 

7J.8 

81.6 
(9.2 
M.3 
78.2 

7S.0 

(8l4 

0.5 
0.7 

6.'7 
0.1 

'  6.  i' 
a4 

o.i" 

aa 

"o.* 

0.2 

571 
214 
100 
267 

89 

41 

m 
1 

57 

5 

123 
27 

n 

13 

i«2 
S3 

141 
7* 

»l 

lU 

» 
61 
707 

6 

16 

1  7 

1  5 

Third  ward 

25 

BallstowD 

28    

ao 

2.9 
61. 1 
16.3 
1.8 
3.0 

I.S 
9.1 
3.4 

4.0 
Z2 

13.5 
S.6 
18.5 
2S.9 

Z3.4 

18.0 
0.8 
6.3 

21.5 

39.0 
1.6 

as 
ai' 

LI 

Catskill 

CoxsacWfi 

Diiani\sburKh 

1.1 
1.1 
LO 
4.8 

LO 

11 

IToosick 

1.6 

11 

L2 

1.1 

Saratoga            

5.71        1 

6.81 

S.6I 

2.8 

1.0 

1( 

Schennotady  south  of  the 

5.3 

6.2 
5.7 
6.9 
8.1 

7.0 

4.2 

1 

1 

■■■■j- 

2 

17 

Schoharie 

11 

16 

11 

Watcrvlict                         .-- 

1.0 

Island  in  thn  river  not  in- 
cluded in  any  town 

Clinton  county 

3 

368  i 

6.0 
27 

Champlain 

126 
45 
86 

117 

2 

2 

• 

3.0  1 

1 

124  1 

451 
83 
118  U 

124 
45 
83 

116 

652 
202 
418 
361 

4.6 

4  5 

.10 

I 

1.6 

98.4 

loao 

(66 

'\ 

1.0 

Piatt.sburgh       

3 

1 

i' 

1 

29 
4 

9.7    ; 

4.0  1 

:::;::     xsi 

11 

1 

4.3 

1.0 

WeUsburgh 

I  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


•  Not  returned  by  town.". 


>  Le!a  than  ooe-trnth  of  I  per  crnL 


282 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  114.-NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 


FAIUUES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholdlng. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

628 

White 

Num- 
ber. 

i 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Num- 
l)er  of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 

members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

per  slave- 
holding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Columbia  county 

4,276 

528 

3,076 

5.8 

3,748 

3,736 

22,453 

6.0 

12 

12.3 

87.4 

0.3 

1,633 

3.1 

1,018 
470 
131 
81 

754 
380 

698 
744 

6,717 

23 
109 
37 
16 

20 
63 
174 
86 

670 

22 
46 
67 
195 

36 
33 
20 
12 

80 

121 

6 

32 

333 

104 
49 
73 
32 
31 
44 

300 

23 
109 
37 
16 

20 
63 
174 
86 

670 

175 
685 
208 
108 

135 
418 
789 
558 

4,740 

7.6 
6.3 
5.6 

0.8 

6.8 
6.6 
4.5 
6.5 

7.1 

995 

361 

94 

65 

734 
317 

624 
668 

6,047 

994 

369 

94 

65 

733 
310 
523 
668 

5,990 

6,272 

2,224 

642 

354 

4,283 
1,947 
3,033 
3,798 

38,234 

6.3 

6.2 
5.8 
5.4 

5.8 
6.3 
6.8 
5.8 

6.4 

1 
2 

1 

7 

1 

57 

2.3 
23.2 
28.2 
19.8 

2.7 
16.6 
24.9 
11.6 

10.0 

97.6 
76.4 
71.8 
80.2 

97.2 
81.6 
74.9 
88.4 

89.2 

0.1 

0.1 
1.8 
0.1 

0.8 

36 
341 
112 

40 

33 

199 
639 
233 

1,864 

1.6 

Claverack        

3.1 

3.0 

2.5 

HUIsdale 

1.7 

3.2 

3.7 

2.7 

Dutchess  county 

2.8 

Amenla                       

441 
610 
096 
885 

914 
600 
676 
331 

370 

514 
141 
7^9 

646 

22 
46 
67 
195 

36 
33 
20 
12 

80 

121 

6 

32 

332 

103 
49 
73 
32 
31 
44 

299 

188 

358 

624 

1,275 

270 
201 
181 
91 

637 
771 
36 
248 

1,896 

8.5 
7.8 

11 

u 

9.1 
7.6 

6.7 
6.4 
6.0 
7.8 

5.7 

1 

419 
404 
629 
690 

878 
467 
656 
319 

290 
393 
135 
707 

213 

416 
462 
624 
686 

872 
464 
642 
319 

284 
385 
134 
702 

211 

2,809 
3,125 
3,877 
4,023 

6,557 
3,034 
4,022 
1,901 

1,745 
2,404 

809 
4,808 

1,128 

6.8 
6.8 
6.2 
6.9 

6.4 
6.6 
6.3 
6.1 

6.1 
6.2 
6.5 
6.8 

5.3 

3 
2 
5 
4 

6 
3 
14 

6 
8 
1 
6 

2 

5.0 

9.0 

9.6 

22.0 

3.9 
6.6 
3.0 
3.6 

21.6 

23.5 

4.3 

4.3 

60.8 

0.2 

94.3 
90.6 
89.7 
77.6 

95.4 
92.8 
95.0 
90.4 

76.8 
74.9 
95.0 
95.0 

38.6 

0.7 
0.4 
0.7 
0.5 

0.7 
0.6 
2.1' 

1.6 
1.6 
0.7 
0.7 

0.4 

52 
106 
176 
601 

63 
80 
42 
25 

207 

421 

13 

78 

1,482 

2.4 

2.3 

2.6 

FishL-ill                     

3.1 

1.8 

Northeast 

2.4 

Pawlinn 

2.1 

2.1 

2.6 

Rhinebeck                  

3.5 

Southeast 

2.2 

2.4 

Kings  county 

4.S 

Brooklyn. 

218 
74 
99 
48 
■18 
69 

4,906 

602 
239 
402 
184 
203 
266 

1,754 

5.8 
4.9 
5.5 
5.8 
6.5 
6.0 

6.9 

1 

1 

114 
25 
26 
16 
17 
16 

4,006 

114 
24 
26 
16 
17 
14 

4,603 

585 
128 
149 
102 
83 
81 

26,300 

5.1 
5.3 
6.7 
6.4 
4.9 
6.8 

6.7 

"'i' 
"  'i' 

3 

47.2 
60.2 
73.7 
60.7 
04.6 
74.6 

6.1 

0.5 

52.3 
32.4 
20.3 
33.3 
35.4 
23.7 

93.8 



1 

"lY 

0.1 

455 
171 
378 
137 
135 
206 

588 

4.4 

3.5 

Flatbush 

5.2 

Flatlands.. 

4.3 

Gravesend 

4.4 

4.7 

Montgomery  county 

2.0 

Canajoharie... 

1,047 
721 
405 
12 
225 
319 

274 
791 
304 
474 
334 

0,037 

CO 

71 

5 

60 
71 

5 

366 
391 
31 

6.1 
5.6 
6.2 

987 
650 
400 
12 
214 
313 

269 
730 
300 
402 
329 

4,922 

987 
660 
400 
12 
214 
312 

269 
.    730 
299 
402 
328 

4,763 

6,646 
3,690 
2,357 
45 
1,217 
1,688 

1,488 
3,957 
1,640 
2,718 
1,854 

22,277 

6.7 
5.7 
5.9 
3.8 
6  7 
6.4 

5.6 
6.4 
5.5 

6.8 
5.7 

4.7 

5.7 
9.8 
1.2 

94.3 
90.2 
98.8 
100.0 
95.1 
97.8 

98.2 
92.3 
98.4 
84.8 
98.2 

78.7 

96 
133 

7 

1.6 

1.9 

1.4 

11 
6 

5 
CI 

4 
72 

6 

1,115 

11 
6 

5 
60 

4 
72 

6 

1,115 

64 
32 

28 
318 

22 
475 

27 

6,673 

6.8 
5.3 

6.6 
6.3 
6.6 
0.6 
6.4 

6.0 

'  "i' 

■"'i' 
i' 

169 

4.9 
1.9 

1.8 
7.6 
1.3 
15.2 
1.5 

18.5 

'ai' 

■  o.'s' 

"o.'s' 
"o.'s'j 

2.8 

20 
6 

8 
111 

8 
192 

7 

2.373 

1.8 

1.0 

Herkimer 

1.6 

1.8 

Otsepo... 

2.0 

Palatine 

2.7 

Whites 

1.4 

New  York  city  and  county 

2.1 

5,926 
325 
586 

1,377 
895 

1,087 
380 

1,276 
lU 

204 

1,067 
115 
235 
210 
164 
130 

58 
165 

48 

4 

1,067 
116 
235 
210 
154 
130 

68 
165 

48 

4 

6,421 
641 

1,471 

1,188 
871 
833 
298 

1,119 
252 

4 

6.0 
5.6 
6.3 
6.7 
6.7 
6.4 
5.1 
6.8 
5.3 

1.0 

4,859 
210 
351 

1,107 
741 
967 
322 

1,111 
63 

200 

4,695 
208 
349 

1,108 
705 
927 
313 

1,085 
58 

20O 

21,953 
975 
1,699 
4,979 
3,459 
4,372 
1,299 
5,170 
324 

1,036 

4.7 
4.7 
4.9 
4.6 
4.9 
4.7 
4.2 
4.8 
5.6 

5.2 

164 

2 

2 

69 

36 

30 

9 

26 

5 

18.0 
36.4 
40.1 
15.3 
17.2 
12.0 
16.3 
12.9 
43.2 

2.0 



79.2 
64.0 
69.6 
80.5 
78,8 
85.3 
82.4 
85.0 
52.3 

98.0 

2.8  [ 

0.6  1 

0.3 

4.3 

4.0 

2.8 

2.4 

2.0  1 

4.5 

2,184 
234 
514 
373 
311 
208 
115 
309 
189 

10 

2.0 

Dock  ward 

2.0 

2.2 

Montgomery  ward 

North  ward 

1.8 
2.0 

2.1 

2.0 

V/est  v.'ard 

2  2 

3.9 

Ontario  county 

2  5 

88 
31 
09 
16 

2,890 

1 
2 
1 

1 
1 

1 

2 

1 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

87 
29 
68 
16 

2,475 

87 
29 
68 
16 

2,453 

454 
147 
336 
99 

14,688 

6.2 
5.1 
4.9 

6.2 

6.0 

1.1 
6  5 

98.9 
93.5 
98.6 
100.0 

84.9 

1 
7 
2 

1.0 

Erwin.   .   .                       ... 

3  5 

Genesee 

1.4   

2.0 

415 

415 

2,627 

6.3 

22 

14  4 

0.8 

961 

2  3 



Goslien    

343 

810 
370 
UK 
190 
572 

87 
114 
21 
02 
78 
53 

87 
114 
21 
62 
78 
63 

009 
OoO 
136 
475 
400 
358 

7.0 
5.7 
6.4 
7.7 
5.1 
6.8 

256 
096 
3,9 
643 
112 
519 

250 
693 
347 
642 
109 
612 

1,667 
3,920 
2,013 
3,5l4 
539 
3,105 

6.3 
6.7 
5.8 
6.6 
4.9 
6.1 

6 
3 
2 
1 
3 
7 

25.4 
14.1 

5.7 
10.2 
41.1 

9.3 

...... 

72.9 
85.6 
93.8 
89.6 
57.4 
89.6 

1.7 
0.4 

0.5 
0.2 
1.6 
1.2 

212 
238 

51 
167 
198 

96 

2  4 

Ilaverstraw 

2  1 

Minisink 

New  Cornwall                 .  . . 

2.4 
2  7 

Orange 

Warwick 

2.5 
1.8 

1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


3  Less  than  one-tenth  o  f  1  per  cent. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  283 

Table  114.-NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  TDE  FIRST  rFVsrs:  ri  »«.r,i-,    .       . 

SLAVEnoLDING.WUITE  AND  FREE  (OI  ORFI.  TnrPTiM.»\v^:^^l,r/ ^       '  "  "^'^  "^LAVEIIOLDINO  AND  NON- 

BY  COUNTIES  aInD  MINOR  CIUL  DIHsS 


COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 


Queens  county . 


Flushing 

Jamaica 

Newtown 

North  Ilonipstead. 

Oyster  Bay 

South  Hempstead. 

Richmond  county 


Castle  ton 

Northfield... 
Southfield... 
Westfield.... 

Suffolk  county.. 


Brookhaven . . , 
Kasthamplon. 
lIuntinKtoii. . . 
Islip 


Shelter  Island. 

Smithtown 

Southampton. 
Southold 


Ulster  county . 


Hurley 

Kinpston 

Maiiiakating. 
Marhlftown.. 
MIddletown., 


Montpomer>- 

New  .Marllwrough. 

New  I'alti 

New  Windsor 

Newburgh 


Rochester 

Shawan^unk . 

Walli;ili 

Woodstock... 


Washington  county. 


Arpyle 

r.rahville... 
Hampton.. 

Hehron 

Kingsbury. 


Queensbury. 

Satetn 

Westfleld.... 
Whitehall... 


Westchester  county . 


Bedford 

Cortlandt . . . 
Eastehester. 
t-JriTnburgh. 
Harrison 


Mamaroneck.. 

Morrisania 

Mt.  Pleasant.. 
New  Uochellc. 

North  Castle.. 
North  Salem... 

Pelham 

Poundridgc.... 


NKW  VORK-Conllnued. 


Slaveboldlng. 


White. 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


.Num- 
ber. 


Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 


Number  of 
members. 


I  Aver- 

Total.  age  per 

jlaiiiUy. 


Trtv 
col-  I 
ored.i 


0.1 


■.isi; 
w>3 

5fi6 


121 
1S8 
125 
162 

2,858 


141 
153 
158 
134 

238 


S6ti 
249 
572 
106 

35 
155 
582 
593 

4.354 


103 

43 

103 


878 


104 
534 
284 
304 
172 

524 
36$ 
336 
280 
387 

223 
277 
392 
169 

2,488 


400 
392 
75 
306 
178 

183 
395 
407 
152 

3,797 


420 
32S 
102 
208 
152 

65 

13 

303 

112 

397 
177 
31 
18« 


210 
IS 


97 
23 
78 
42 
28 

76 
102 
47 
11 

24 


141 
153 
158 
134 

238 


800 

963 

1,042 

798 

1,290 


39  229 

46  251 

72  '  360 

81  ,  450 


496  :  2,632 


103  j  524 

43  <  243 

103  563 

9  45 


23 
248 
521 
465 


878     5,535 


5.8 
6.7 
6.7 
C.3 
&6 
6.0 

S.4 


Num- 
ber. 


1,773 


-Nonsbiveholdlog. 


White. 


.^Ijx*  liulillnr 


Num- 
Ixr  of 
ftml- 


Number  of 
members. 


'  Fr.-. 


Total. 


'age  per' 


1,  Whlu^ 


f  f. 
col-  , 
Ofed.i! 


It,. 
While,    eel-    I 
ond.il 


l,*Vi        8,143  , 


97 
154 
127; 
172 
430 
488 

324  I 


630 

889 

696 

1,065  I 

3.364  , 

2,604 

1,605 


6.5 
5.8 
6.6 
6.1 
6.6 
6.3 

6.2 


6.9 
6.6 
5.0 
6.6 

6.3 


6.1 
6.7 
5.6 
S.0 

4.6 
4.S 
6.8 
6.0 

6.3 


1 

10 
3 
1 

540 


56 

210 

15 


97 
23 
78 
42 
28 

76 
102 
47 
11 

24 


298 

1,255  I 

107 

641 

29 

675 
173  ! 
483 
276 
179  I 
I 
452 
683  I 
322  I 
62  { 

209 


6.3 
6.0 
7.1 
6.1 
7.3 

7.0 
7.5 
a2 
&6 
&4 

6.9 
8.7 
6.9 
6.6 

a7 


111' 
63 
81 

2,362 


81 
111 

r,\ 

81 
2,310 


450 
206 
4ti2 
83 


101 
489 
491 


4.Vi 


11,677 


6.4 
6.8 
4.6 
4.7 


.|i    3,476 


7.9 


640     3.441 


150 
194 
216 
311 
186 


48 
230 
236 

129 
73 
66 


17.0 
7.8 

lao 

13.0 
fi.4 


7.5 
6.9 
&8 
&8 
7.1 

6.1 
9.6 
6.1 
6.3 

7.2 
6.S 
6.0 


48 
324 
269 
215 
168 

427 
315 
238 
238 
369 


2,464 


3,464 


391 
.')«2 


48 
324 
269 
213 
168 

427 
344 
256 
2.17 
368 

146 
174 
344 
166 

2,464 


4<>^ 

161  I 


391 
392 
75 
306 
178 

182 
385 
404 
161 


2, 195 

l.OAe 

2,509 

459 

131 

397 

2.454 

2,376 

20,761 


303 
1,938 
1,600 
1,260 

983 

2,636 
2,004 
1,507 
1.409 
2,096 


1.070 

2,138 

937 

13,819 


4.9 

6.1 
6.4 
5.6 

4.7 
3.9 
6.0 

4.8 


27 
61 

as 

41 


;i.'.  1 

47.8 
39.6 
23.1 
2a2 

42.0  I 


ll 

1  I 

2  , 


62 


6.3 
6.0 
6.9 
5.9 
6.9 

6.2 
6.8 
6.9 
6.9 
5.8 

6.0 
6.1 
6.2 
6.0 

6.6 


3,257  !]    3.224 


400 
295 
70 
1G2 
126 

60 

8 

366 

74 


399 
293 
70 
162 
118 

48 

8 

364 

70 


2.266 
2,242 
463 
1.703 
1,119 

l,0C2 

2,098 

2,072 

796 

18.737 


379  376  I 

166  166  I 

20  20 

186  186  ' 


3,373 

1,646 

438 

918 
730 


63 

1,699 

340 

3.3A4 

943 

95 

1,066 


6.8 
5.7 
&3 
6.6 
6l3 

5.8 
6.4 
6.1 
6.3 


33.3 
29.1 
67.6 
60l0 

J7.4 


18.2 
17.3 
17.8 
8.6 

14.3 
32.9 
16.6 
16.7 

3a3 


63.8 
39.3 

6.3 
39.3 

2.3 

18.6 

6.3 

23.3 

16. 0 

7.2 

34  1 

*.  - 
12." 
6.4 

l.O 


Z3 


a6 

2.6 

a? 
a7 


5.7 
5.6 
63 
5.7 
6u3 

0.0 
6.6 
6.1 
4.9 

60 
5.7 
4.8 
6.7 


.i-r 


,iii(t 

"I)-. 


a.0 


sas    1.8 


.'.e 

..8 

<  1 

-•  4 
-•  4 

t  I 

J  • 

.  9 
3 

±i 

2.a 


7l>..l  .  13.J 
80.  n       ,',.  7 


24  ' 


.914 


.'  3 
-  3 
.1 
3.9 

4* 

3.3 

l.« 
3.0 

3.1 


4i1lJ  , 246 

aa7  721, 

W.7    I  61 

Tai      a7  374  , 

»7.7    • 


84.  •. 
02.6  I 


0  4 

aa  I 


6T 


4.4 

3.4 

a.4 

4.x 

LS 

14 

zs 
a.t 

3.0 


1.7 

&« 

XI 

;.-. 

1.4 

46 

1.0 

l.« 


1.0 

31  , 

21 

» 

3.0 

'1 

1.0 

■      f  T 

16 

1.0 

XO 

23 

X« 

.'-i 

XI 

>  Include*  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


284 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  114  -NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 


FAUILTES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Per  cent   families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTT  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

per  slave- 
holding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Weatcliester  county— Cont'd. 

Rye                        

162 

260 

33 

189 

170 
,75 

152 
202 

49 
11 
8 
19 

62 
24 
51 
23 

49 
11 
8 
19 

62 
24 
51 
23 

270 
60 
69 

160 

358 
140 
362 
135 

5.5 
4.5 
7.4 
7.9 

6.8 
6.8 
6.9 
5.9 

113 

249 

25 

170 

108 
51 
101 
239 

112 

246 

26 

170 

107 
50 
100 
236 

679 
1,370 

183 
1,102 

554 

310 

591 

1,406 

6.2 
5.6 
7.3 
6.5 

5.2 
6.2 
5.9 
6.0 

1 
3 

1 

1 
1 
4 

30.2 

4.2 

24.2 

10.1 

36.6 

32.0 

33.6 

8.8 

69.1 
94.6 
75.8 
89.9 

62.9 
66.7 
65.8 
89.7 

0.6 
1.2 

0.6 
1.3 
0.7 
1.5 

123 

19 
28 
38 

242 
49 

170 
40 

2.5 

1.7 

Scarsdale .        

3.6 

2.0 

3.9 

White  Plains .             

2.0 

Youkers 

3.3 

York 

1.7 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


73,874 

1,858  1 

1,851 

12,942 

7.0 

7 

72,016 

71,471 

408,690 

5.7 

645 

2.5 

(') 

96.7 

0.7 

3,707 

2.0 

-Allegheny county    ... 

1,844 

66 

66 

429 

6.6 

1,778 

1,776 

9,603 

6.4 

3 

3.6 

96.3 

0.2 

159 

2.4 

37 
255 
266 
77 
70 
67 

1,072 
2,232 

6,244 

37 

245 

247 

77 

69 

65 

1,038 
2,208 
5,213 

37 

245 

245 

76 

69 

65 

1,038 
2,204 
5,209 

206 
'    1,397 
1,303 
375 
388 
393 

5,541 
12.887 
29,717 

5.6 
6.7 
6.3 
4.9 
5.6 
6.0 

6.3 
5.8 
5.7 

100.0 
96.1 
92.1 
98.7 
98.6 
97.0 

96.8 
98.7 
99.3 

10 
19 

io 

19 

80 
123 

8.0 
6.5 

■■2' 

1 

4 
4 

3.9 
7.1 



"6.' 8" 
1.3 



0.2 

0.1 

21 
40 

2.1 

Pitt 

2.1 

1 
2 

34 

24 
31 

1 
2 

34 
24 
31 

13 

18 

195 
165 
209 

13.0 
9.0 

5.7 
6.9 
6.7 



1.4 
3.0 

3.2 
1.1 
0.6 

i 

94 
46 
60 

1.0 

Versailles                         

1.5 

That    part    of    .\llesheny 
county  taken  from  Wash- 

2.8 

Bedford  county  ^ 

1.9 

Berks  county 

1.9 

132 

152 
147 
360 
164 

60 
241 

91 
100 
245 

89 
101 
120 
151 
133 

362 
173 
129 
120 

177 
161 
146 

435 

109 
199 
142 

94 

389 
119 
204 

4,180 

132 
152 
146 
358 
164 

60 
240 

89 
100 
245 

88 
100 
120 
149 
133 

359 
172 
129 
120 

177 
159 
146 

430 
106 
198 
142 

94 
385 
117 
204 

4,046 

132 
151 

146 
358 
164 

60 
240 

89 
100 
245 

88 
99 
120 
149 
133 

368 
172 
129 
120 

177 
159 
145 

430 
106 

ms 

142 

94 
385 
116 
204 

3,985 

773 
831 
853 
2.230 
949 

324 

1.493 

488 

549 

1,440 

462 
514 
629 
871 
724 

2,044 
956 
738 
726 

1,013 
944 
900 

2,186 
624 

1,073 
741 

468 
2,250 

671 
1,263 

23,449 

6.9 
6.6 
6.8 
6.2 

6.8 

5.4 
6.2 
5.5 
5.5 
5.9 

6.3 
5.2 
6.2 
5.8 
5.4 

6.7 
5.6 
5.7 
6.1 

6.7 
6.9 
6.2 

5.1 
5.9 
5.4 
5.2 

6.0 
5.8 
6.8 
6.1 

6.9 

ino.o 

99.3 
99.3 
99.4 
100.0 

100.0 
99.6 
97.8 
100.0 
100.0 

9S.9 
98.0 

100.0 
98.7 

100.0 

98.9 
99.4 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
98.8 
100.0 

98.9 
97.2 
9=1.5 
100.0 

100.0 
99.0 
97.5 

100.0 

95.3 

1 

Alsace  

1 

0.7 

i 

2 

1 
2 

4 
18 

4.0 
9.0 

0.7 
0.6 

>            I 

1.0 

Bern 

2.0 

Bethel 

Brecknock 

Brunswick  and  Manheim... 

i 

2 

1 
2 

10 
12 

10.0 
6.0 

0.4 
2.2 

...... 

1 
4 

1.0 
2.0 

Colebrookdale 

1 

1 

1 

1 

11 
10 

11.0 
10.0 

...... 

1.1 
1.0 

"i.'o' 

1 
1 

Earl 

1  0 

East  District 

Exeter 

2 

2 

12 

6.6 

1.3 

7 

3  5 

"■  Greenwich 

3 

1 

3 
1 

21 
9 

7.0 
9.0 

1 

0.8 
0.6 

.'.'.'.'.'. 

0.3 

6 
1 

2.0 

Maiden  Creek 

Manheim.    (See  Brunswick 

and  Manheim.) 
Maxatany 



Oloy 

2 

2 

9 

4.6 

1.2 



4 

2.0 

Pinegrove 

5 
3 

1 

5 
3 

1 

27 
17 
6 

6.4 
5.7 
6.0 

1.1 
2.8 
0.5 



9 
4 
1 

1.8 

Richmond 

1.3 

1.0 

Ilockland 

Ruscomb 

4 
2 

4 
2 

29 
14 

7.3 
7.0 

...... 

1.0 
1.7 

"b'.s 

16 
3 

3.8 

Union 

1  5 

Windsor 

Bucks  county  3 

134 

134 

905 

6.8 

61 

3.2 

1.6 

261 

1.9 

1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


2  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


8  Not  returned  by  townships. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  286 

PKNT*HYL,VAXIA-ConUnued. 


COUNTT  AKD  TOWN. 


Chester  county. 


Bimilnpham... 
lirandywtne... 
Charleslown... 

Coventry 

East  Bradlord. 


East  rain 

East  Fallowfleld . . 
East  Marlborough. 

East  NantmlU 

East  Nottingham.. 


East  Town 

East  Whiteland. 

Fallowfield 

Goshen 

Honey  brook 


Kennet 

London  Britain. 

Londonderry 

Londongrove 

New  Garden 


New  London. 

NewUn 

Oxford 

Pennsburv. .. 
Plkeland.".... 


Sadsbury. . . 
Thornlniry 
Tredlllrln... 
Uwehland.. 
Vincent 


West  Bnultord 

West  lain 

West  Marllxjrough. 
West  NantniiU 


West  Nottingham. 

We.«t  Town 

West  WhltcIand... 
WlUlstowu 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


4,435 


Cumberland  county. 


Hopewell 

Newton 

Tyborn 

\\  estpensboro 

Eastern  portion  of  county. 


3S 
127 
209 
195 
125 

107 
85 
144 
170 
123 

75 

75 

124 

204 

118 

99 

43 

96 

110 

128 

120 
89 

148 
86 

142 

89 
26 
157 
165 
182 

117 
133 
121 
147 

69 
60 
72 
122 

3,017 


Dauphin  county. 


1,281 

1,736 
3,248 


Harrlsburgh  town 

Lebanon  to^vn 

Remainder  of  county. 

Delaware  county 


Ashton 

Bothol 

Birmingham. 

Chesti-r 

Concord 


Darby 

Edgmont 

Uaverford 

Lower  Chichester. . 

Lower  Providence. 

Marple 

MIddletown 

Newtown 


184 

180 

2,884 

1,724 


75 
39 
64 
154 
108 

141 

63 
102 
97 

52 
82 


Slaveholdlnc. 


Num- 
ber. 


WTUte. 


Num- 
ber of 
(ami- 
Ilea. 


3 

117 


10 


117 


Number  of 
membcn. 


Avor- 

Total.  age  per 

family. 


618 


76 


20 


433 

498 
602 


col- 
ored.' 


7.0 


9.0 
11.0 


11.0 


9.0 
7.0 

2.0 
8.0 
6.7 
9.5 
6.0 

6.5 
6.3 
6.4 
10.0 
9.0 

6.2 


7.6 


7.6 


8.3 
7.3 
4.0 


2.0 
4.3 


3.0 


6.7 
8.0 


7.6 

8.3 

6.5 


2  I 
I 


77  I 

6  I 

519  I 

192 


6.4 
6.0 

6.6  I 

8.7 


5.0 
9.5 


11.0 

9.0 
7.0 
7.8 


Notulaveholdlnt. 


Num- 
ber. 


4,347 


86 

127 
204 
194 
126 

106 
86 
144 
168 
121 

74 

73 

118 

202 

113 

97 
39 
91 
106 
125 

107 
89 

138 
86 

142 

84 
28 
154 
161 
181 

117 
133 
130 
144 

67 
60 
69 
122 

2,900 


White. 


Num- 
ber of 
faml- 
Ilea. 


Numbrr  of 
mrmben. 


4,289 


1,224 

1,670 
3,156 


172 

179 

2,805 

1,700 


35 
126 
200 
193 
121 

105 
85 
138 
166 
121 

74 
72 
118 
108 
113 

96 
39 
91 
106 
121 

107 
88 

138 
83 

138 

84 
25 
153 
157 
181 

114 
133 
117 
144 

66 
58 
68 
117 

2,896 


Total. 


Atw- 
I  age  per 
family. 


28,363 


1,221 

1,<75 

3,098 

171 

179 

2,748 

1,670 


220 

735 

1,167 

1,106 

826 

666 

516 
797 
976 
792 

419 
463 

732 

1,194 

713 

629 
202 
545 
736 
717 

628 
627 
891 
681 
798 

554 

118 

931 

916 

1,218 

714 
837 
659 
814 

403 
348 
417 
770 

16,849 


22  ! 
13 


11.0  1. 
110  :. 


78 


154 

107 

139 

62  !; 
•8   , 

52 

82  'I 

97  I 

72  ll 


76 
36 
59 
152 
lOO 

138 
61 
97 
96 

52 
82 
92 
72 


6,976 

9,873 

17,281 

777  / 
950 
15,654 

8.951  I 


431 
211 
371 
651 
622 

too 

416 
U9 


S16 
400 

637 
432 


6.3 
6.8 
6.8 

6.7 
6.8 

8.8 

8.1 
6.8 
6.9 
6.6 

6.7 
6.3 
6.2 
6.0 
6.3 

6.6 
6.2 
6.0 
6.9 
6.0 

6.9 
6.0 
8.6 
7.0 
6.8 

6.6 
4.7 
6.1 
8.8 

6.7 

8.8 
6.3 
6.6 
6.7 

8.1 
6.0 
6.1 
6.6 

6.8 


S.7 

6.6 

4.6 

6.3 

6.7 

6.4 


6.7 
6.9 
63 
4.3 
6.2 

4.8 

6.8 
4.3 
6.1 

4.1 
6.6 
68 
6.0 


ool> 


58 


I*«r  oant  hmlUcg  o(  each 
claa  fann  of  all  fkmllla. 


81«Tehn4(1lin. 


Wblts. 


NonilsT^ 
boldlnf. 


'I 
68 

Tl 


xo 


2.t 

0.6 


0.8 


1.3 
1.6 

1.3 
2.7 
4.8 
1.0 
4.2 

2.0 
9.3 
6.2 
3.6 
0.S 


6.8 


6.6 


1.9 
2.4 
0.6 


0.8 
2.0 


4.2 
3.9 


4.4 

3.6 
2.8 


Free 
col-  I  While 
ond.i 


6.6 
0.6 
2.7 


1.4 
1.8 
19 


3.0 

1.4 


M.7  I    1.3 


100.0  I 
99.2  i 
•8.7 
•9.0  I 
96.8 


1        lursa. 

> 

AT-raip. 

144 

1.6 

0.8 
l.« 
0.5 
3.2 


.       94.4 

.1     e6.9{ 


1.4 

4.1 


96.0  1    0.1 


223 


96.3  I 


96.6  I 
95.4  ' 


0.2 

ai 

1.8 
0.6 

i'o' 


m 

«o 


26 

3 

in 


97.9 
96.8 
•6.1 
W.0 

IOOlO 

loao 

«3.» 

98.6 


a7 

1.6 
1.0 
1.0 


9H.1 
100. 0 
95.8 
97.6 
98.4 

a. 

"Hi' 

1.3 



1 

S 

■  ■  ■■|8 
2 

8.0 

4.0 

l.« 

98.7 
9S.0 
96.2 
97.1 
96.8 



1.* 

"io 

3 
3 
• 
4 
13 

2.0 
1.0 
1.8 
2.0 
3.8 

97.0 
90.7 
94.8 
96.4 
18.0 

1.0 

"Ha 

3 
8 
7 
S 

I 

1.0 
2.0 
1.4 
1.3 
1.0 

as.3 

88.9 

"ill 

■"i'6 

2.8 

"i's' 

0.6 
2.4 

30 

1.6 

•L2 

96.6 

30 

3.0 

•7.2 

94.4 
t»i.2 

7 

1.4 

97.5 
95  2 
99.6 

8 
4 

I 

1.0 
1.0 
LO 

•74 

Z« 

100.0 

96.7 
98.0 

2.6 

1 
7 

1.0 
2.3 

95.7 
96.7 

1.4 
3.3 

3 

1.6 

>  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


'iDchidM  5  (lavet  In  as  iDstltuttoo. 


286 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  114  -NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 


PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. 


FAMILIES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslavtholding. 

Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.i 

per  slave- 
holding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Delaware  county— Continued. 

112 
112 
63 

61 

41 
45 

85 
56 

2,388 

2 
1 
1 

2 

1 
1 

14 
8 
8 

7.0 
8.0 
S.O 



110 
111 
62 
61 

39 
44 
85 
55 

2,288 

110 

no 

59 
60 

35 

44 
85 
55 

2,286 

661 
464 
295 
399 

131 
251 
559 
340 

12,354 

6.0 
4.2 
5.0 
6.7 

3.7 
5.7 
6.6 
6.2 

5.4 

...... 

3 
1 

4 

1.8 
0.9 
1.6 

, 

98.2 
98.2 
93.7 
98.4 

85.4 
97.8 
100.0 
98.2 

95.7 

"o.'g' 

4.8 
1.6 

9.8 

2 

1.0 

Ridlev 

1.0 

4.0 

Thornbury 

2 

1 

2 

■■"2.2" 

4.9 

1.5 

Upper  Chichester    

1 

ID 

10.0 

1.0 

1 
100 

1 

100 

7 
630 

7.0 
6.3 

2 

1.8 
4.2 

0.1 

282 

1.0 

2.8 

Bullskin                 

138 
310 
258 
234 
196 
296 

253 
132 
289 
206 
70 

2,528 

5 
17 
3 
2 
7 
20 

13 
6 
13 
14 

5 
17 
3 
2 
7 
20 

13 

6 
13 
14 

33 
113 

17 

14 

37 

139 

86 
35 
76 
80 

6.6 
6.6 
5.7 
7.0 
5.3 
7.0 

6.6 
5.8 
5.8 
5.7 

133 
299 
265 
232 
189 
276 

240 
126 
276 
192 
70 

2,365 

133 

298 
255 
232 
188 
276 

240 
126 
276 
192 
70 

2,357 

701 
1,694 
1,350 
1,282 
1,043 
1,479 

1,195 

674 

1,425 

1,082 

429 

13,887 

5.3 
5.7 
5.3 
5.5 
5.5 
5.4 

5.0 
5.3 
5.2 
5.6 
6.1 

5.9 

'.'.'1 
...... 

3.6 
6.4 
1.2 
0.9 
3.6 
6.8 

5.1 
4.5 
4.5 
6.8 

96.4 
94.3 
98.8 
99.1 
9.5.9 
93.2 

94.9 
95.5 
95.5 
93.2 
100.0 

93.2 

■"6."3" 
"o.'s' 

19 
31 

3 
27 
43 

38 
21 
28 
68 

3.8 

1.8 

1.3 

German  , . .         

1.5 

3.9 

Menallen 

2.2 

2.9 

3.5 

Union                     

2.2 

4.9 

"Wharton 

163 

162 

1,174 

7.2 

1 

8 

6.4 

W 

0.3 

326 

2.0 

Fannet      

1,100 

1,368 
1,268 
5,980 

75 

88 
24 
193 

74 

88 
24 
193 

569 

605 

134 

1,507 

7.7 

6.9 
6.4 
7.8 

1 

1,085 

1,280 
1,244 
5,787 

1,083 

1,274 
1,243 
5,771 

6,372 

7,515 

7,302 

33,579 

5.9 

5.9 

5.9 
5.8 

2 

6 

1 

16 

0.4 

6.4 
1.9 
3.2 

0.1 

93.4 

93.1 
98.0 
96.5 

0.2 

0.4 
0.1 
0.3 

148 

178 

43 

347 

2.0 

Montgomery 

Peters 

Remainder  of  county 

2.0 
1.8 

Lancaster  county 

1.8 

Bart 

137 
120 

131 
R38 
113 

169 
90 
156 
539 
86 

30 

12 

270 

238 

54 

678 
213 
196 
126 
82 

267 
220 
194 
136 
255 

108 
207 
203 
352 

867 

1,259 

5 

6 

37 

7.4 

132 
120 
120 
538 
113 

169 

86 

143 

528 

85 

30 

12 

268 

237 

53 

641 
202 
177 
125 
82 

267 
217 
182 
132 
247 

100 
175 
257 
349 

860 

1,220 

132 
120 
119 
537 
113 

168 

86 

143 

528 

85 

30 

12 

268 

236 

53 

638 
201 
177 
125 
82 

264 
216 
181 
132 
246 

100 
175 
257 
347 

859 

1,220 

816 
629 
645 
2,991 
662 

1,084 
477 
870 

2,830 
510 

196 

69 

1,580 

1.523 

282 

3,375 

1,292 

1,073 

772 

367 

1,592 

1,245 

980 

805 

1,499 

634 
1,038 
1,603 
2,140 

4,847 

7,194 

6.2 
5.2 
5.4 
5.6 
5.9 

6.5 
5.5 
6.1 
5.4 
6.0 

6.5 
5.8 
5.9 
6.5 
5.3 

5.3 
6.4 
6.1 
6.2 
4.5 

6.0 
5.8 
5.4 
6.1 
6.1 

6.3 
5.9 
6.2 
6.2 

5.6 

5.9 

3.6 

96.4 
100.0 
90.8 
99.8 
100.0 

99.4 
95.6 
91.7 
98.0 
98.8 

100.0 
100.0 
99.3 
99.2 
98.1 

94.1 
94.4 
90.3 
99.2 
100.0 

98.9 
98.2 
93.3 
97.1 
96.5 

92.6 
84.5 
97.7 
98.6 

99.1 

96.9 

5 

1.0 

Caernarvon 

11 

11 

56 

5.i 

1 
1 

8.4 

0.8 
0.2 

29 

2  6 

1 

0.6 

Donegal 

4 
13 
11 

1 

4 
13 
11 

1 

36 
102 
63 
35 

9.0 
7.8 
5.7 
35.0 

4.4 
8.3 
2.0 
L2 

10 
34 

20 
<1 

2  5 

Drumore.    . 

2  6 

Earl 

Elizabeth  town 

Heidelberg 

Hempfleld 

2 
1 
1 

37 
U 
19 
1 

2 
1 

1 

37 
11 
19 

1 

14 
10 
13 

294 

82 

144 

7 

7.0 
10.0 
13.0 

7.9 
7.5 
7.6 
7.0 

...... 

3 

1 

0.7 
0.4 
1.9 

5.5 
5.2 
9.7 
0.8 

"d'A' 

0.4 
0.5 

4 

1 
1 

57 

18 

42 

1 

2  0 

Lancaster  borough.   .. 

1  5 

Little  Britain 

0  2 

Manheim.          ,   . 

1.0 

Manheim  town 

Manor 

3 
1 

,1 
...... 

■"■2" 

1 

1.1 
0.5 
0.5 

"6.' 4' 

"6.' 6' 
0.1 

Martick  . .    . . 

3 
12 
4 

8 

8 

32 

6 

3 

7 

39 

3 

12 
4 
8 

8 

32 

6 

3 

7 

39 

23 
111 
33 

70 

60 

233 

64 

20 

31 

264 

7.7 
9.3 

8.3 

8.8 

7.5 
7.3 
10.7 
6.7 

4.4 

6.8 

1.4 
6.2 
2.9 
3.1 

7.4 
15.5 
2.3 
0.9 

0.8 

3.1 

9 
23 

7 
U 

11 
46 
6 
11 

11 

59 

3.0 
1.9 
1.8 
1.4 

1.4 
1.4 
1.0 
3.7 

1.6 

1.5 

Sadsbury. 

Strasburg . 

Luzerne  county  3, . 

Mifflin  county..              .      ... 

That  portion  south  o(  the 
river  Juniata. . . . 

360 
899 

8 
31 

8 
31 

51 
213 

6.4 
6.9 

352 
868 

352 
868 

2,132 
5,062 

6.1 
5.8 

2.2 

3.4 

97.8 
96.6 

9 
50 

1.1 
1.8 

Remainder  of  county 

1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 
s  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


a  Not  returned  by  townships. 
*  In  an  institution. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


287 


"^'"Q^r  .\^t"^m  mvw^'^„^f,.r.'^"^^'^-^  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CI-XSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAV  ^HOLDING,  W  UI  TL,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AXD  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790-Conti.nu.,l.  .i=..-NUMUfc.KO|.  hLAVM. 

PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. 


COUNTY   AND  TOWN. 


Uontgomery  county . 


Abington 

Cheltenbatn 

Manor  ot  Morcland . . . 

Springfleld 

Remainder  of  county . 


Northampton  county. 


Allen 

Bethlehem 

Chestnut  Hill 

Coslkton  District  . 
Delaware 


Easton  town . 

Forks 

Hamilton 

Heidelberg . . . 
Lehigh 


Lower  Mount  Bethel . 

Lower  Saucon 

Lower  Smlthileld 

LowhiU 

Lynn 


Maounge.. 

More 

Nasareth.. 

Penn 

Plainfleld. 


Salisbury 

Towamenslnk 

Upper  MUford 

Upper  Mount  Bethel. 
Upper  Saucon 


Upper  Smithfleld. 
Wallon  I'apack 


WoIs<mber;^h. 

Whitehall. 

Williams.. 


Northumberland  county  *. 
Philadelphia  county 


Blockley 

Bristol 

Bylwrry 

Oermantown  town. 
Kingsessing 


Lower  Dublin 

Manor  of  Moreland 

Moyamenslng  and    Passy- 

unk 

Northern  Liberties  town.. 
O.xford 


OATM. 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


3,803 


163 
101 
224 
88 
3,227 

4,09! 


241 
156 
107 
S6 
77 

134 

116 
95 
166 
106 

149 

179 

235 

75 


210 
127 
150 
110 
146 

170 
74 
202 
168 
144 

63 
30 
101 
203 
132 

2,946 

9,504 

148 
124 

as 

555 
107 

228 
65 

259 

2,169 

175 


Num- 
ber. 


Passyunk.    (SeeMoyamen- 
sing  and  Passyunk.) 

Roxl>orouRh 

South  wark 

Phlladelnhia  city: 

Northern  district  (be- 
tween Vine  and  Race 
streets  from  the  Del- 
aware to  the  Schuyl- 

kiU) 

Middle  district  (from  | 
the  north  side  of  I 
Chestnut  street  to  the  1 
south  side  of  Race  j 
street  from  the  Dela-  i 
ware  to  the  Schuyl-  i 
kill) 2,095 


872 


72 


16 


48 
220 


18 


34 


Slavcholdlng. 


White 


Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 


72 


48 
216 


18 


Number  of 
members. 


Free 
col- 
ored.' 


Total. 


458 


361 
97 


24 


352 
1,542 


16 
18 
14 
7 
29 

le 

13 

48 
195 
63 


lU 


34        267 


Aver- 
age per 
family. 


6.4 


8.0 
7.0 
6.7 


11.0 


6.2 
2.0 


5.0 


6.0 


9.0 


8.0 


3.0 


4.0 


7.3 
7.1 


5.3 
9.0 
7.0 
2.3 
7.3 

6.1 
&5 

6.9 
&3 
7.0 


5.0 
7.4 


6.3 


Num- 
ber. 


3,731 


Noiulaveholding. 


WhlU. 


Per  rent  lunlUe*  ot  each 
<  lui  form  of  all  lamlllta. 


161 

99 

214 

88 

3,169 

4,075  j 


241 

155 
107 

56< 

77 

129 
115 
95 
166 
106 

148 
179 
231 
75 
160 


170 
73 
202 
167 
144 

62 
30 
101 
303 
132 

2,896 

9,284 


144 
123 
93 
552 
103 

213 
63 

252 

2,137 

1C6 


133 
9«9 


854 


N'lim- 

li.rof 
fi  Mi- 
nes. 


3,696 


160 
95 

210 

87 

3,144 

4,059 


241 
155 
107 
55 

77 

127 

lis 

96 
166 
106 

148 
175 
224 
75 
160 


209 

209 

127 

127 

150 

149 

110 

110 

146 

146 

170 
73 
202 
167 
144 

62 
30 
101 
203 
131 

2,897 

9,082 


143 
120 

92 
649 

97 

209 
60 

250 

2,106 

105 


133 
945 


843 


Numlwr  of 
membera. 


Total. 


21,912 


850 

559 

1,140 

438 

18,925 

23,023 


Aver- 
age per 
funlly. 


1,451 
729 
709 
326 
415 

661 
733 
594 
962 
026 


979 
1,346 

418 
1,016 

1,252 
752 
735 
60S 


1,009 

386 

1,149 

1,030 

851 

347 
169 
625 
1,253 
720 

16,315 

49,822 


841 
683 
553 
2,732 
452 

1,099 
340 

1,290 

9,430 

873 


770 
6,335 


3,712 


1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


7.9   2.061  1     2,011      12,814 

•  Not  retumi'd  by  townshlpa. 


5.3 
5.9 
5.4 
5.0 
6.0 


6.0 
4.7 
6.6 
5.9 
5.4 

S.2 
0.4 
&3 
H.S 
5.9 

6u0 
5.6 
6.0 
5.6 
6.0 

6.0 
5.9 
4.9 
5.6 
&I 

5.9 
5.3 
5.7 
6l2 
5.9 

5.6 
5.6 
6.2 
6.2 
5.5 


SUvehoMInc 


Free 
eo|. 
ond.i 


35 


While,    col-     WhIU. ,  col 


5.3 
5.7 


5.8 
5.6  I 


I  I, 


16 


5.5       202 


5.9  1 

5.7  2 

6.0  1 

5.0  '       3 

4.7  e 


5.2  3 
4.5        SI 

5.3  I 


34 


6.4        U 


l.« 


L3 
4.S 


1.8 

a« 


as 


8.7 

a9 


a? 
■i.'7 


as 


as 


1.S 


1.6 
3.3 


2.0 
1. 6 
3.1 

as 

3.7 

&6 
3.1 

2.7 
1.4 
S.1 


a7 

1.4 


3.1 


LS 


ored.i 


(•) 


(•) 


ai 


NomlaT*- 
boldliic. 


Free 


Total 
Dum- 
ber. 


A  rent* 

Dumbtr 

pef»laT»> 

holdtnc 

family. 


'orad.>, 


113 


9K.2 
94.1 
•3.8  ; 
98.9  I 
97.4 


4.0 

1.1  'I. 

as  I 


99.3       a4   I 


100.0 
99.4 
100.0 

9a2 
loao; 


918  1    1.5   I 

99.  1 '' 

100.0    

loao  

loao  


2.2  i 
3.0 


99.3 
97.8 
95.3 

loao 
loao 

99.5 

loa  0  

99  :t       0.  7 

loao  

loao  

100.  0    

ic 

luu.  u    

9R.4 

inn  n 

1(. 

Ic  ■ 
W.  ^       u.  0 

98.3  I    <•)   I 

9S.6      Zl 


S7 
373 


as 

5.6  ! 


9ae 

96.8 
96.8 
98.9 
9a7 

91.7 
90.3 


96.5     as 

97.1       1.4 
94.3       00 


a7  !  4 

1.6  3 

1. 1  I  6 

6 
7 


•1.8 

•ao 

"ii" 

•as 

1.4 

•ao 

L4 

27 


>  Lm*  tban  onv^antta  of  I  prropni. 


2.1 


288 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  H4.-NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  EEPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLA,VEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 

PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. 


FAMILIES. 

SLAVES. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

1,494 
3,944 
2,813 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

.Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Num- 
ber. 

White 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Free 
col- 
ored.i 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored. 1 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.! 

perslave- 
1  olding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Philadelphia  county— Cont'd. 
Philadelphia  city—Cont'd. 
Southern  district  (from 
the    south    side    of 
Chestnut  street  to  the 
north  si<le  of  South 
street  from  the  Dela- 
ware to  the  Schuyl- 
kill)  

72 
123 
53 

71 
123 
S3 

559 
875 
349 

7.9 
7.1 
6.6 

1 

1,422 
3,821 
2,760 

1,300 
3,820 
2,721 

8.S92 
22,741 
15,422 

6.5 
6.0 
5.7 

62 

1 

39 

4.8 
3.1 
1.9 

0.1 

91.0 
96.9 
96.7 

4.1 

(») 
1.4 

112 
263 
128 

1.6 

2.1 

2.4 

272 
287 
142 
118 
141 

16 
383 
174 
262 
191 

144 
271 
205 
134 
73 

6,559 

3 
4 

3 

4 

10 
20 

3.3 
5.0 

269 
283 
142 
115 
141 

16 
379 
169 
257 
175 

142 
264 
202 
133 
73 

6,335 

261 
277 
141 
112 
140 

16 
372 
109 
256 
175 

138 
260 
201 
132 
71 

6,334 

1,420 

1,591 

721 

607 

777 

93 

2.156 

1,006 

1,524 

951 

768 

1,513 

1,218 

697 

382 

34,692 

5.4 
5.7 
5.1 
5.4 
5.6 

5.8 
5.8 
6.0 
6.0 
5.4 

5.6 
5.8 
6.0 
5.3 
5.4 

5.5 

8 
6 

1 
3 

1 

1.1 
1.4 

96.0 
96.5 
99.3 
94.9 
99.3 

100.0 
97.1 
97.1 
97.7 
91.6 

95.8 
95.9 
98.0 
98.  5 
97.3 

96.6 

2.9 
2.1 

0.7 
2.5 
0.7 

5 
6 

1.7 

1.5 

Fairfield                       

3 

3 

21 

7.0 

2.5 

8 

2.7 

4 
5 
5 
16 

2 
7 
3 
1 

4 
5 
5 
16 

2 
7 
3 
1 

31 
44 
39 
87 

19 
51 
20 
7 

7.8 
8.8 
7.8 
5.4 

9.5 
7.3 
6.7 
7.0 

7 

"'i' 

4 
4 

1 
1 
2 

1 

1.0 
2.9 
1.9 
8.4 

1.4 
2.6 
1.5 
0.7 

1.8 
"6.'4" 

3.8 
1.5 
0.5 
0.7 
3.7 

6 
9 

17 
49 

4 
14 
9 

1 

1.5 

Mount  l^leasant 

1.8 

3.4 

Rostraver 

3.1 

2.0 

2.0 

Unity 

3.0 

1.0 

Wheatlield . - 

York  county 

224 

224 

1,458 

6.5 

3.4 

503 

3.3 

295 
239 
253 
230 
128 

210 
297 
254 
402 
214 

178 
220 
262 
250 

257 
388 

829 
1,653 

12 
5 

12 
5 

73 
17 

6.1 
3.4 

283 
234 
253 
216 
126 

204 
290 
248 
402 
211 

163 
210 
260 
247  ' 

254 
373 

809 
1,546 

283 
234 
253 
216 
126 

204 
290 
248 
402 
311 

169 
210 
260 
247 

254 
373 

808 
1,546 

1,655 
1,439 
1,461 
1,173 
709 

1,110 
1.004 
1,354 
2.303 
1.127 

855 
1,141 
1.405 
1,406 

1.314 
1,812 

4,460 
8,564 

6.5 
6.1 
5.8 
5.4 
5.6 

5.4 
5.5 
5.5 
5.5 
5.3 

5.1 
5.4 
5.4 
5.7 

5.2 
4.9 

5.5 
5.5 

4.1 
2.1 

95.9 
97.9 
100.0 
93.9 
98.4 

97.1 
97.6 
97.6 
100.0 
98.6 

94.9 
95.5 
99.2 
98.8 

9S.8 
96.1 

97.5 
93.5 

27 
12 

3.3 

Codonis 

3  4 

14 
2 

6 
7 
6 

14 
2 

6 
7 
6 

78 
15 

36 
40 
36 

5.6 
7.5 

6.0 
5.7 
0.0 

1 

::::::; 
1 



6.i 
1.6 

2.9 
2.4 
2.4 

43 

7 

11 
13 
12 

Hellam. 

3  5 

1  8 

Manch>^5ter.          

1  9 

3 

9 
10 
2 
3 

3 
15 

20 
107 

3 

9 
10 
2 
3 

3 
15 

20 
107 

18 

46 
59 
13 
30 

23 
109 

HS 
717 

6.0 

5.1 
5.9 
6.5 
10.0 

7.7 
7.3 

7.4 
6.7 

1 



1 


1.4 

5.1 
4  5 





0.1 

4 

25 
15 
8 
3 

10 
30 

38 
245 

Readint; 

•5  8 

Shrewsbury 

1.5 
4.0 
1.0 

3.3 
3.0 

1.9 
2.3 

0.8  1 

1  2 

Windsor 

York 

1.2 
3.9 

2.4 
6.5 

York  borough .... 

HuntinEton,   Manallon, 
Manheiin,  and  Tyrone  . . . 

Berwick,    Cumberland, 
Franklin,    Germany, 
Hamiltonban,       Heide"!- 
berK,    Mount    Pleasant. 
Mountjoy,  and  Straban... 

MARYLAND. 


The  state 

33,294 

12,226 

12,142 

71,168 

5.9 

84 

21,008 

19,870 

109,577 

5.5 

1,198 

30.5 

0.3 

59.7 

3.6 

'103,036 

7.S 

Allegany  county  5 

258 
10, 130 

5,877 

Ann- Arundel  county 

2,122 
3,497 

1,096 
1.039 

1,084 
1.029 

5,672 
6,553 

5.3 
6.4 

12 

1,026 
2,468 

962 
2,400 

4,910 
13,595 

5.1 
5.7 

64 
68 

51.1 
29.4 

0.6 

45.3 
68.6 

3.0 
1.9 

9.2 
5.7 

Back  River  hundred 

287 

241 

255 

2,714 

1,727 

135 
83 
78 

733 

389 

135 
83 
78 

733 

388 

859 

535 

480 

4,679 

2,601 

6  4 
6.4 
6,2 
6.4 

6.7 

1 

152 

158 

177 

1,981 

1,338 

140 

157 

177 

1,926 

1,293 

682 

975 

1.099 

10, 839 

6,704 

4.9 
6.2 
6.2 
5.6 

5.2 

13 
1 

45 

47.0 
34.4 
30.6 
27.0 

23.5 

0.1 

48.8 
65.1 
09.4 
71.0 

74.9 

4.2 
0.4 

■  "2.0" 

2.6 

1,052 
358 
410 

4,057 

1,255 
4.305 

7.8 
4.  J 
5.3 
5.5 

3.2 

Two  Deleware  hundreds  ... 
County  not  separated 

Baltimore  town  and  precincts.. 
Calvert  county  5 

1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 

2  Not  returned  by  townships. 

3  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


*  Includes  11,633  slaves  not  distributed  in  fainiiies. 

*  Schedules  destroyed,  therefore  no  detail  can  be  given. 


GENERAL  TABLES. 


289 


DISTRICT,  COUNTY,  AND  TOWN. 


Caroline  county. 
Cecil  county 


Back  Creek  hundred 

Bohemia  hundred 

Bohemia  Manor  hundred. 

Charles  town 

East  Nottingham 


Elk  Neck  hundred 

Middle  Xec  k  hundred 

North  Mllfor.l  hundred.... 
North  Sassafras  hundred . . . 
North  Susquehannah  hun- 
dred  


Octoraro  hundred 

South  Milford  hundred 

South  Susquehannah  hun- 
dred   

West  Nottingham  hun- 
dred   

West  Sassafras  hundred 


Charles  county 

Dorchester  county. 
Frederick  county.. 
Harford  county .'. . . 
Kent  county 


Montgomeiy  county . . . 
Prince  (ieorjjes  county. 

Queen  Anns  county 

St.  Marys  county 


Somerset  t  county  • . . 

Talbot  county 

Washington  county. 
Worcester  county . . . 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


1,906 


109 
123 
103 
58 
141 

167 
20 

300 
59 


191 
100 


149 
133 


2,029 
G54 
4,377 
2,039 
1,299 

2,077 
1,820 
1.579 
1,527 


1,425 
2,445 
1,419 


-M  A  R  YLAND-Contlnued. 


Num- 
ber. 


539 


37 
84 
51 
10 
21 

45 

10 

76 
27 

43 

26 
14 

26 

19 
50 

1,221 
296 
678 
586 
781 

933 
9T8 
828 
892 


Slaveholdlng. 


651 
2b9 
642 


White. 


Num- 
l>or  of 
fami- 
lies. 


417 

538 


Number  of 
members. 


Total. 


2,424 

3.337 


Aver- 
age per 
family. 


6.8 
6.2 


37 
84 
51 
10 
21 

45 
10 
75 
27 

43 

26 
14 

26 

19 
SO 

1,218 
293 
677 
586 
747 

933 
977 
819 
890 


635 
209 
642 


242 
458 
315 
47 
166 

283 

62 

505 

145 

299 

154 
99 

162 

128 

272 

6,636 
1,688 
4,572 
3,645 
4,149 

5.3S4 
5.364 
4.875 
4,939 


3,887 
1,784 
3,658 


6.5 

5  5 
6.2 
4.7 
7.9 

6.3 

6  2 
6.7 
5.4 

7.0 

S.9 
7.1 

6.2 

0.7 
5.4 

5.4 
6.8 
6.8 
6.2 
6.6 

6.8 
5.5 
6.0 
5.5 


6.1 
6.6 

5.7 


Free 
col- 
ored.! 


34 


16 


Num- 
ber. 


B34 

1,367 


52 
48 
120 

122 
10 

224 
32 

111 

165 
86 

123 

114 
49 

808 

358 

3,699 

1,453 

518 

1,144 
842 
751 
635 


NooalavebokUiig. 


White. 


Num- 
ber of 
faml- 
Ues. 


861 
1.175 


774 

2,176 

777 


65 
35 
49 
42 
114 

114 

8 

212 

30 

104 

45 
85 

116 

110 
46 

680 

334 

3.681 

1,312 

432 

1,111 
833 
651 
597 


2,165 
757 


Number  of 
menbefB. 


ToUL 


4,613 
6,449 


A»«r- 


6.4 
6.6 


377 
188 
264 
186 


609 

37 

1,096 

154 

594 

243 
483 


6S2 
221 

3,505 
1,559 
22.331 
7,139 
2,156 

6,194 
4,608 
3,26« 
3,246 


3,303 
12,031 
3,966 


6.8 
5.4 
5.4 
4.4 
6.0 

5.3 
4.6 
6.2 
6.1 

5.7 

5.4 

5.7 

6.4 

6.2 
4.8 

5.2 
4.7 
6  1 
6.4 
6.0 

5  6 

6  5 
5.0 
5.4 


6.3 
5.6 
6.2 


Free 

col- 

ond.i| 


73 
192 


120 
1 


4 

8 

128 
24 
18 

141 

86 

33 

9 

100 


148 
11 
20 


Par  ocnt  bmllla  of  tmch 
eitm  form  ot  all  lamUlM. 


81aT«holdln(. 


White. 


28.2 


33.9 
68.3 
49.6 
17.2 
14.9 

269 
50.0 
25.0 
45.8 

27.9 

13.6 
14.0 

17.4 

14.3 
50.6 

60.0 
44.8 
15.6 
28.7 
67.6 

44.9 
63  7 
52.4 
68.3 


44.6 

U.O 
46.2 


Free 
col- 
ored.' 


ai 


0.3 


0.1 
0.6 


2.6 


0.1 
0.6 
0.1 


Nooalare- 
boldlnc 


,  Free 

White,    col- 
ore«Li 


61.7 
61.6 


6.4 

10.1 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


2,aS7 

3,4017 


80. 9  I     4.  3    I 


67.6 

23.6 
85.0 

77.8 

82.7 
46.5 

33.5 
61  I 
84.1 


62.8 
1.0 


4.7 


3  0 

3.0 


ICO 
791 
315 
23 
68 

216 

89 

SI3 

204 


117 
49 


164 


56 

377 


number 
prrtlav^ 

holdlOt 

lamUy. 


64  3 
33.3 

6.0 

|5.4^ 
6.030 

53  5 

4      - 

1  fi 

■'  '    ' 

7,070 
4,777 
1,2M 
3,836 

43.9 
88.6 
63.3 

10.4 
0  4 
1.4 

NORTH  CAROLHTA. 


Thestate !  48,701 


Edenton  district 6,829 


1,415 
583 

376 
176 
793 

626 
649 
798 
708 
70S 


Fayette  district 5,403 


Bertie  county 

Camden  county 

Chowan,  excluding  Eden- 
ton town 

Edenton  town 

Currituck  county 


Gates  county 

Hertford  county 

Pasquotank  county.. 
Perquimans  county.. 
Tyrrell  county 


Anson  county 

Cumt)crland'  county,    ex- 
cluding Fayettevilletown. 

Fayt'itfviIlo"town 

Moore  count}' 

R ieh mond  eounty 

Robeson  county 

Sampson  county 


1,066 
280 
639 
829 
866 
934 


Hallfa.x  district 7,033 


14,973    14,945  [87,121 


2,917      2,915    15,920 


607 
201 

205 
108 
267 

344 

359 
299 
322 
215 

1,229 


Kdgecombe  county 

Franklin  county 

Halifa.Y  eounty,  including 

Halifax  town 

Martin  county 

Nash  county 

Northampton  county 

Warren  county 

1  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 

>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


1,259 

491 

802 

388 

1,417 

734 

794 

277 

862 

328 

1,109 

583 

800 

459 

313 
110 
88 
142 
163 
239 

3,260 


606 
201 

205 
108 
256 

344 
359 
299 
322 
215 

.225 


313 
110 
88 
141 
160 
239 

3.249 


491 


731 
277 
328 
576 
458 


3.447 
1,128 

1,000 

433 

1,479 

1,887 
1,910 
1,622 
1,787 
1,233 

7,053 


1,066 

1,811 
490 
525 
848 
961 

1,352 

19,015 


2,900 
2,430 


5.8!      28  'I  33,728      33.076  1178,077 


6.6 


4,259 
1,607 
2.0a3 
2,979 
2,747 


6.7 
6.6 

4.9 
4.0 
6.8 

6.5 
6.3 
6.4 
6.6 
6.7 

6.8 


6.1 

5.8 
4.6 

6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.7 


5.9 
6.3 

6.8 
5.8 
6.4 
5.2 
6.0 


3,912  :{    3,783  I    17,666 


171 

68 

636 

282 
290 
499 
386 
490 


782 
377 

171 
68 
616 

268 
269 
481 
381 
490 

4.074 


615 

606 

753 

760 

170 

161 

551 

650 

687 

679 

703 

660 

695 

666 

3,773  1 

3,  COS 

708  < 
414  {' 

683  |l 
617  I 
624  ' 
626' 
341  11 


757 
409 

630 
603 
510 
464 
.135 


3,486 
1,88* 

760 

130 

2,663 

1,193 
1,259 
2.165 
1,733 
2,398 

20,940 


6.4  I    662 


4.6 
6.0 

4.4 

2.2 
6.1 

4.5 
4.9 
4.6 
4.6 
4.9 


3,196  j 

3,6««  I 
497  j 
2,961 
3.670 
3,555 
3,492 

18.839 


6.3 

4.9 
3.1 
6.4 

6.3 
6.4 
6.2 


4,128 
2,334 

2,912 
2,376 
3.096 
2,141 
1,852 


6.6 
6.7 

4.6 
4.7 
6.1 
4.6 
6.6 


3a7      at 


42  7      (•) 


42.8 
34.6 

64. 6 
61.4 
32.3 

56.0 
55.3 
37.6 
45.6 

3a6 

22.7 


22.1 

29.4 

39.3 
13.8 
17.0 
18.5 
26.6 


46.2      a2 


ai 


ai 


ai 


ai 

0.3 


II 

6 

S3 
14 
14 
02 
6 


39.0 
48.4 

51.6 
34.9 
3a5 
61.9 
67.3 


a6 

ai 


66.3  I 

64.7  I 


.'..1  .•. 

ca.6 


77.1 

7a4 

67.6 
86.1 
M.9 
76.3 
71.3 


100.783 


1.6«« 
911 

1.103 


1    ^»3 
1,156 


6.673 


as 

3.2 
a2  I 
1.0  I 
60  I 
3.1 


1.666 
514 

3n 

683 
6*8 

1,177 


I 


51. J  '    2  3      25.629 


«ai 

61.0 

44.6 
63.4 

69.9 
41.8 
41.9 


»■'  1 

i>.vn 

1.8  ' 

1.839 

1.6 

2.008 

S  fi 

4.414 

08 

4,713 

■  ."ichedules  destroyed.  Iherelote  no  det»ll  oin  he  flven. 
•  Includes  S.969  skives  not  distributed  In  famlllea. 


290 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  114  -NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SLAVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 
SLAVEHOLDING,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  TOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES, 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Coniinued. 

NORTH  CAROLINA— Continued. 


FAMILIES. 

8LA.VE3. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslaveholding. 

Per  cent  families  of  each 
class  form  of  all  families. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

DISTRICT,  COUNTY,  TOWN,   AND 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Num- 
ber. 

Wllite. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

Slaveholding. 

Nonslave- 
holding. 

Average 
number 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

Num- 
ber of 
fami- 
lies. 

Number  of 
members. 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

White. 

Free 
col- 
ored.' 

perslave- 
Holding 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
family. 

3,721 

84] 

841 

5.465 

6.5 

2,880 

2,858 

16,510 

5.8 

22 

22.6 

76.8 

0.6 

13,449 

16.0 

2,730 
1,658 
4,163 
2,060 
460 
2,472 

2,617 

1,270 

314 

314 

1,959 

6.2 

956 

956 

5,634 

6.9 

24.7 

75.3 



5.6 

1,161 
1,290 

5,120 

137 
390 

751 

137 
390 

751 

911 
2,595 

4,971 

6.6 
6.7 

6.6 

1,024 
900 

4,369 

1,023 
879 

4,367 

5,925 
4,951 

25, 712 

5.8 
5.6 

5.9 

1 
21 

2 

ii.8 

30.2 
14.7 





88.  i 
68.1 

85.3 

o.i 

1.6 

3.4 

6.3 

Morgan  district         

3.5 

1,253 
1,409 
1,181 
1,277 

7,596 

173 
283 
164 
131 

2,725 

173 
283 
164 
131 

2,720 

1,162 

1,847 

1,122 

840 

15,018 

6.7 
6.5 
6.8 
6.4 

5.6 

5 

1,080 
1,126 
1,017 
1,146 

4.871 

1.080 
1,126 
1,017 
1,144 

4,743 

6.332 
6,547 
6,072 
6,761 

23,731 

5.9 
6.8 
6.0 
5.9 

.6.0 

128 

13.8 
20.1 
13.9 
10.3 

35.8 

0.1 

86.2 
79.9 
86.1 
89.6 

62.4 

"6.'2" 
1.7 

600 
855 

609 
553 

16,042 

3.S 

Lincoln  county           

3.0 

3.7 

4.2 

5.9 

Beaufort  county              

780 
579 

1,440 
913 
625 

776 

583 

1,095 

805 

9,977 

1,095 
768 

1,742 
701 

840 

2,429 
1,329 
1,073 

3,022 

290 
155 

576 
336 
247 

249 
217 
401 
254 

2,023 

179 
232 
423 
180 

212 

432 
202 
163 

1,227 

289 
155 

572 
336 
247 

249 
217 
401 
254 

2.023 

179 
232 
423 
ISO 

212 

432 
202 
163 

1.221 

1,470 
870 

2,836 
1,895 
1,306 

1.460 
1,279 
2,316 
1,586 

13,021 

1,175 
1.478 
2,591 
1,234 

1,405 

2,700 
1,311 
1,127 

6,652 

5.1 
5.6 

5.0 
6.6 
6.3 

5.9 
5.9 
5.8 
6.2 

6.4 

1 
4 

490 
424 

864 
677 
378 

527 
366 
694 
551 

7.954 

469 
404 

806 
574 
372 

522 
358 
693 
545 

7,878 

2,187 
2,062 

3.638 
3,001 
1,718 

2,815 
1,792 
3,565 
2,953 

45,507 

4.7 
5.1 

4.5 
5.2 

4.6 

5.4 
5.0 
3.1 
6.4 

S.8 

21 
20 

58 
3 
6 

5 
8 

1 
6 

76 

37.0 
26.8 

39.8 
36.9 
39.5 

32.1 
37.2 
36.6 
31.6 

20.3 

0.1 
0.3 



60.1 
69.8 

56.0 
62.9 
59.5 

67.3 
61.4 
63.3 
67.7 

79.0 

2.7 
3.5 

4.0 
0.3 
1.0 

0.6 
1.4 
0.1 
0.7 

0.8 

1,622 
709 

3,663 
2,012 
1,143 

1.328 
1,655 
2,364 
1,546 

8,253 

5.6 

4.& 

Craven  county,  including 

6.4 

6.0 

Hyde  county         

4.6 

5.3 

Jones  county                   

7.6 

6.9 

Wayne  county 

6.1 

4.1 

6.6 
6.4 

6.1 
6.9 

6.6 

6.3 
6.5 
7.0 

5.4 

6 

916 

536 

1,319 

521 

628 

1,997 

1,127 

910 

1,795 

913 

636 

1,253 

518 

628 

1,995 

1.125 

910 

1,765 

5,480 
3,081 
7,100 
2,968 

3,683 

11,429 
6,421 
5,355 

9,172 

6.0 
5.7 
5.7 

5.7 

5.9 

6.7 
5.7 
5.9 

5.2 

3 

'"m 

3 

2 
2 

30 

16.3 
30.2 
24.3 
25.7 

25.2 

17.8 
15.2 
15.2 

40.4 

0.2 

83.4 
69.8 
71.9 
73.9 

74.8 

82.1 
84.7 
84.8 

58.4 

0.3 

"i'.s 

0.4 

0.1 
0.2 

1.0 

616 

868 

1,608 

837 

1,113 

1,741 
778 
692 

10,067 

3.4 

3.7 

Mecklenburg  county 

Montgomery  county 

Rockingham  county 

Rowan   county,  including 
Salisbury  town 

3.8 
4.7 

5.3 

4.0 

Stokes  county 

3.9 

4.2 

Wilmington  district 

8.2 

Bladen  county 

634 
318 

723 

626 
721 

237 
116 
255 

341 

278 

237 
U6 
265 

337 

276 

1,291 

592 

1,631 

1,685 
1.453 

6.4 
5.1 

6.4 

5.0 
5.3 

4 
2 

397 
202 
468 

285 
443 

388 
202 
468 

276 
431 

2,065 

975 

2,646 

1.348 
2,138 

5.3 
4.8 
5.7 

4.9 
5.0 

9 

9 
12 

37.4 
36.5 
35.3 

53.8 
38.3 

0.6 
0.3 

61.2 
63.5 
64.7 

44.1 
59.8 

1.4 

1.4 
1.7 

1,686 
1,511 
1,386 

3,737 
1,747 

7.1 

13.0 

5.4 

New  Ilanovor  county,  in- 
cluding Wilmington  town. 

11.0 

SOUTH   CAROLINA. 


The  state 

25,872 

8,859 

8,798 

48,097 

5.5 

61 

17,013 

16,754 

92,310 

5.5 

259 

34.0 

0.2 

64.8 

1.0 

107,094 

15. 1 

Beaufort  district 

962 
5,074 

578 
1,369 

570 
1,367 

2,746 
8,283 

4.8 
6.1 

2 
2 

384 
3,705 

364 
3,083 

1,584 
21,101 

4.4 
5.7 

20 
22 

59.9 
26.9. 

0.2 

37.8 
72.6 

2.1 
0.4 

14,236 
8,865 

24  6 

Chester  county. 

1,041 
400 
330 

1,048 
861 
480 
914 

3,709 

230 
170 
79 
254 
222 
187 
227 

2,538 

230 
170 
79 
254 
221 
186 
227 

2,487 

1,447 
1,129 

484 
1,520 
1,282 

945 
1,476 

10,959 

6.3 
6.6 
6.1 
6.0 
5.8 
5.1 
6.5 

4.4 

...... 

1 

51 

811 

230 
251 
794 
639 
293 
687 

1,171 

810 
230 
251 
794 
632 
279 
687 

1,054 

4,463 
1,362 
1,398 
4,498 
3,685 
1,537 
4,158 

4,249 

5.5 
5.9 
5.6 
5.7 
5.8 
5.5 
6.1 

4.0 

1 

•■-j- 

14 

117 

22.1 
42.5 
23.9 
24.2 
25.8 
38.8 
24.8 

67.1 

"o.i' 

0.2 
1.4 

77.8 
57.5 
76.1 
75.8 
73.4 
58.1 
75.2 

28.4 

0.1 

■■6.-8- 

2.9 
3.2 

938 
2,110 

602 
1,485 
1,370 
1,437 

923 

50,633 

4  1 

Clareniion  county 

7  6 

Fairfield  county.. 

5  8 

Richland  county 

7  7 

York  coimty 

41 
20.0 

Charleston  district 

Berkley  county    . 

186 
187 
236 
144 

112 

503 

112 
119 

123 
176 
140 
114 

106 
277 

93 
83 

119 
176 
140 
113 

106 
270 

92 
81 

495 
503 
746 
474 

351 
1, 1.57 

347 

337 

4.2 
3.2 
5.3 
4.2 

3.3 
4.3 

3.8 

4.2 

4 
...... 

...... 

1 
2 

63 
11 
96 
30 

6 

226 

19 
36 

48 
10 
95 
29 

6 

198 

19 
30 

196 
21 

506 
95 

19 

976 

92 
100 

4.1 
2.1 
5.3 
3.3 

3.2 
4.9 

4.8 
3.3 

15 

1 
1 

1 

"is 
...... 

64.0 
94.1 
59.3 
78.5 

94.6 
53.7 

82.1 
68.1 

2.2 

"a'?' 
"i.'4' 

0.9 
1.7 

25.8 

5.3 

40.3 

20.1 

5.4 
39.4 

17.0 
25.2 

8.1 
0.5 
0.4 
0.7 

"5.6 

"5.0' 

5,170 
4,705 
3,022 
2,377 

2,546 
10,338 

2,333 
3,345 

41.2 
36.7 
21.6 
20.9 

24.0 
37.4 

25.1 
40.3 

Dorchester  county 

Christ  Church  parish 

St.  Bartholomes  parish 

St.    James    Goose    Creek 

parish 

St.  James  Santee  parish 

'  Includes  families  of  Indians  ta.\cd. 


^Schedules  destroyed,  therefore  no  detail  can  be  given. 


5  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


GENERAL  TABLRS. 


291 


Table  114.-NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  REPORTED  AT  THE  FIRST  CENSUS,  CLASSIFIED  AS  SUVVEHOLDING  AND  NON- 

SLA\EU0L1)IXG,  WHITE,  AND  FREE  COLORED,  TOGETHER  WITUTOETOTAL  AND  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OFSLAVES 
BY  COUNTIES  AND  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790-CouUnueU. 

SOUTH  CAROLilNA-Contlniwd. 


rAMtUBS. 

■LATCa. 

Total 
num- 
ber. 

BUToboIdlng. 

NomUireholdlnc. 

Per  crat  tenllles  o(  each 
oUb  focm  of  *U  hiiiUk*. 

Toul 
mur 
bu 

DISTRICT,  COVNTY,  AND  PARISH. 

Num- 
ber. 

62 

1,220 
49 
95 

382 

842 

White. 

Num- 
ber. 

White. 

Frae 
col- 
orad.i 

Slavoholdlnf. 

NofUlttTf^ 

hotdlnf. 

AlWM» 

Num- 
ber of 
fiunl- 
Ues. 

Number  of 
mem  ben. 

Frw 
col- 
ond.i 

Num- 
ber of 
faml- 

Number  of 
memben. 

White. 

Fl«. 
col- 
ond.i 

While. 

col- 
«nd.> 

_^„-j . 

Aver- 

Total.  { age  per 

family. 

Total. 

Aver- 
famUy. 

Charleston  district— Cont'd. 
St.  Pauls  parish 

65 

1,866 
57 
122 

1,344 

1,837 

61 

1,185 
49 
95 

382 

842 

207 

5,763 
198 
321 

2,284 

4.224 

Z.* 

4.9 
4.0 
3.4 

6.0 

5.0 

1 
35 

3 

646 

8 

27 

962 

995 

3 

681 
8 

1        " 
952 

976 

9 

2,132 
27 
76 

5,192 

4,801 

3.0 

8.7 
3.4 
2.8 

6.6 

4.9 

86 

10 
19 

918 

63.6 
86.0 
77.9 

2&4 

48.5 

L5 
1.9 

4.6 

31.1 
14.0 
32.1 

n.» 

63.1 

3.5 

a7 
1.0 

3.202 

7.684 
2.606 
3.4(16 

3,229 

,  13, 131 

6L6 
6.3 

St.  Phillips  and  St.  Mich- 
aels parish 

St.  Stephens  parish 

St.  Thomas  parish 

61.1 
36.S 

Cheraw  district 

8.6 

Georgeto^vn  district 

16.6 

All  Saints  parish 

Prince  Fredericks  parish.... 
Prince  Georges  parish 

Ninety-six  district 

95 

718 

1,024 

10,  .578 

64 
380 
398 

2.41S 

64 
380 
398 

2,418 

28S 
1,900 
2,035 

15,470 

4.5 
5.0 
5.1 

6.4 

31 
338 
626 

8,160 

30 
333 
613 

8,112 

136 
I,.5I2 
3,153 

46,869 

4.6 
4.6 
6.1 

6.8 

1 
6 
13 

48 

07.4 
62.9 
38.9 

22.9 

31.6 
40.4 
69.9 

76.7 

1.1 
a7 
1.3 

a6 

1.795 
4.685 
6,661 

i  11.068 

3a.o 

12.3 
18.7 

4.8 

.Vbbevillc  county 

Edgefield  county 

1,338 

1,751 

%4 

1,394 

1,377 
1,433 
1,264 
1,057 

2,368 

331 
599 
162 
300 

302 
251 
242 
231 

732 

331 
599 
162 
300 

302 
251 
242 
231 

726 

2.040 
3.627 
1.090 
1,988 

1.874 
1,687 
1,643 
1,520 

4,131 

6.2 
6.1 
6.7 
6.6 

6.2 
6.7 
6.8 
6.6 

6.7 

6 

1     1,007 

1,152 

802 

1,094 

1,075 

1,182 

1,022 

826 

1,636 

998 
1,123 

801 
1,090 

1,073 

1,183 

1,019 

826 

1,613 

6.428 
5,962 
4.808 
6,221 

6,283 
7,074 
6.159 
4,934 

8,614 

6.4 

6.3 
S.0 
6.7 

6.9 
6.0 
6.0 
&0 

6.3 

9 
29 

1 

4 

2 

""i 

23 

24.7 
34.2 
16.8 
21.6 

21.9 
17.6 
19.1 
21.9 

ia7 

a3 

74.  • 
64.1 
83  1 
78.2 

77.9 
82.6 
80.6 
78.1 

68.1 

0.7 
1.7 

0.1 

as 
ai 
"a  2' 

1.0 

1.666 

1    3,619 

606 

1,130 

t    1.144 
8S4 

1        (86 
1    1.216 

1   s,«n 

6.0 
6.0 

Greenville  county 

3.7 

Laurens  county 

Newberry  county 

3.7 

IS 
3.3 

Spartanburgh  county 

Union  county 

Orangeburgh  diitrict 

S.0 
6.3 

&1 

1,290 
1,078 

473 
259 

473 
253 

2,560 
1,571 

6.4 
6.2 

■■■«■ 

817 
819 

817 

796 

4,161 
4.353 

6.1 
6.6 

"23' 

36.7    

23.6      a6 

63.3 
73.8 

"ii" 

i     4,629 
1.402 

li 

South  part                    

6.4 

>  Includes  families  of  Indians  taxed. 


292 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GRO^VTH. 


Table  115  -SLAYEHOLDING  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD,  BY  COUNTIES  AND 

MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 

NDMBER  OF  FAMILIES 
HOLDING— 

COUNTT   AND  TOWN. 

Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 

NtTMBEK  or  FAMILIES 
HOLDING— 

COUNTY  A\D  TOWX. 

1  slave. 

2to4 
slaves. 

5  to  9 
slaves. 

1  slave. 

2  to  4 

slaves. 

5  to  9 
slaves. 

The  state 

123 

97 

24 

2 

Rockingham  county— Continued. 

2 
5 

1 
2 

21 

3 

18 

2 

5 

2" 

1 
1 

1 

5 

2 
5 

1 
1 
1 
5 
2 
1 
17 
1 

! i- 

1       ' 

1          13 

16 

14 

2 

Epping 



Charlestown 

I 

1 
2 
2 
1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 

13 

1 
9 

Greenland 

Hampstead 

Cornish 

Hinsdale 

2 

Hampton 

Hawke 

Londonderry 

New  Grantham 

London 

Newlngton 

4'  ......v. 

Newtown 

Northwood 

Nottingham 

2    

Pem  brook 

1 

4 

Poplin 

Portsmouth 

Rye 

Salem 

Stratham 

Windham 

Strafford  county 

Grafton  county 

4    

1  1 

1  ! 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
3 
1 

76 

61 

1  

Hanover 

i 
1 

3           2 

Haverhill 

Bamstead 

Dover 

Durham 

Effingham 

\ 
\ 

1 
5 

i' 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 

' 

n^nM 

1 

1  

1           2 

1 

15 

) 

! 

1 
1 
4 

1     

1 

Tamworth 

\"            ' 

461 

255 

160 

146 

Newport  county — Continued. 
Tiverton 

13 
54 

6 
36 

7 
17 

53 

30 

18 

5 

1 

8 
34 
H 

32 

5 

20 

5 

21 

3 
10 
5 

7 

4 

1 

4 

7 
3 
1 
3 
4 
29 
3 
4 

142 

4 
2 
1 
3 
3 
19 
1 
3 

74 

3 

1 

Foster 

1 
9 
2 

1 

46 

4 
8 
16 
4 

180 

3 
5 

11 
2 

94 

1 
3 
2 
1 

72 

1 

3 

1 

114 

Smithlield 

West  Greenwich              

Washington  county 

22 

Charlestown 

Exeter                 

4 
24 

6 
42 

2 
60 

4 

1 
18 

5 
20 

2 
25 

3 

2 
5 

1 
17 

8 
12 

8 

20 

109 

10 

4 
5 
3 

11 
69 
6 

4 
7 
5 
5 
41 
3 

1 

llopkinton 

North  Kingstown    

MiddletoviTi                                      

5 

4 

19 

1 

Richmond 

South  Kingstown 

Westerly 

Newport          

21 

14 

1 

1  Includes  1  family  holding  13  slaves. 
CONNECTICUT. 


COXTNTY   AND  TOWN. 


The  state... 

Fairfield  county  . 

Brookfield... 

Danbury 

Fairfield 

Greenwich... 
Huntington.. 
New  Fairfield 

Newtown 

Norwalk 

Stamford 

Reading 

Rldgeficld 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 


1,563 


NT7MBER  OF  FAMHIES  HOLDING — 


1  slave. 

2to4 
slaves. 

5  to  9 
slaves. 

10  to  19 
slaves. 

9S0 
299 

505 

66 

112 

150 

20 

1 

1 

14 
50 
35 
40 

9 
33 

37 

15 
5 

1 
4 
37 
12 
23 

9 
2 

4 

13 

27 
4 

1 
2 

1 

1 

COUNTY   AND  TOWN. 


Fairfield  county— Continued. 

Stratford 

Weston 


Hartford  county . 


Berlin 

Bristol 

East  Hartford. 
East  Windsor.. 

Enfield 

Farmlngton . . . 
Glastenbury... 

Hartford 

Simsbury 


1  Includes  1  family  holding  28  slaves. 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 


NUMBER  OP  FAMILIES  HOLDING — 


1  slave. 


101 


2  to  4 
slaves. 


5  to  9 
slaves. 


10 


10  to  19 
slaves. 


GENERAL  TABLES.  293 

T.B..  115.-SLAVEH0LDING  FAMILIES  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  IIKI.D   HV  rr.rVTT-.  .  .  v^ 

MINOR  nvi  I,  DIVISIONS:  1790-Contin.ie.l. 
,_ CONNECTICUT— ContlniMd. 


COUNTY   AND  TOWN. 


Total 
numlM-r 
o(  slavo- 
holding 
families. 


Hartford  county— Continued. 

Soiilhington 

Sufliold 

Wcthorsllcld 

Windsor 

Litchfield  county 

Bcthlem , 

Cornwall 

Harwinton , 

Kent 

Lltchndd 

New  Mil  ford 

Southbury 

Warren 

WashinRton 

WatertowQ 

Woodbury 

Middlesex  county 

Chatham 

East  IlaUdam 

Haddam 

Killln^'orth 

MIddlctown 

Saybrook 

New  Ilaven  county 

Rranford 

Cheshire 

Derby 

Durham 

East  Ilavtn • 

Guilford 

Hamden 


g 

14 
37 
9 

lis 


12 
10 
3 
5 
60 
24 

241 

29 
9 

23 
7 

20 

23 
4 


NTTMBER  or  rAWUU  UOLDIKO— 


1  slave. 

2to4 
slaves. 

4  to  9 
slaves. 

10  to  19 
slaves. 

8 

1 
4 
13 
2 

41 

8 

3 

'•1 

1 
6 

70 

3 

4 

9 

3 
2 

1 
21 
« 
2 
1 
1 
2 
2 

38 

1 

3 

1A 
S 

1 
1 
2 

1 

5 

4 

1 
7 

2 

1 

7 

71 

4 

1 

9 

3 
3 

6 

1 

3 

2 

3 
20 
9 

73 

36 
15 

3 

1 

ISl 

13 

4 

19 

10 
3 
8 
2 
7 
2 

A 

11 

1 

1 
4 
1 

3 

11 
21 

1 

4 

rOlTJTy   AND  TOWN. 


Total 
numU-r 


I  ximBEK  or  rAMiuu  iiolduo— 


New  Uavcn  county— Contlourd. 

Mlllord 

New  Haven  city 

North  ilavro 

Wallincford '.'. 

Wat*Tl)ury 

WooilbrldKO \ 


New  liOndon  county ' 
Tolland  county 


Dollon 

Coventry . . 
Ellington.. 

Hebron 

Soraers 

StafTord 

Tolland 

I'nion 

WllllnKton. 


Windham  county. 


\shford 

Drooklyno.. 
Canterbury. 
Hampton. .. 
Kllllncley... 

Lebanon 

Mansfleld... 
rialnDtld... 

Pomfn-t 

Thom|>son.. 
Voluntown., 
Windham... 
Woodstock.. 


4^ 
4S 
4 
IP 
4 
» 

329 

as 


2 
4 


■lave. 


K 

27  I 

9  \ 


27  I 

3 
3 
3 
II 
3 
3 
< 


2to4 
slavoB. 


Sla9    10  to  19 
slavfs.    ilavM. 


'  Not  returned  by  towns. 


Includes  1  family  holdlnic  28  slaves. 


NEW   YORK. 


COUNTY   AND  TOWN. 


The  State 

Albany  county 

Albany  city 

First  ward 

Second  ward 

Third  ward 

Ballstown 

Cambridge 

CatskiU 

Coxsackie 

Duanesburgh 

Easton 

Freehold 

Halfmoon 

Iloosick 

Pittstown 

Uensselacrvillo 

Rensselaerwtck 

Saratoga 

Schaghticoko 

Schenecta-iv 

Schenecta.ly   (south   of 

the  Mohawk) 

Schoharie 

Stephcntown 

Stillwater 

Walervlict 

Island  in  the  river  not 
included  in  any  town. . 

Clinton  coimty 

Champlain 

PlaH-sburph 

Wellsburgh 

Columbia  county 

Canaan 

Claverack 

76292—09— 


Total 
number 

of 
slave- 
holding 
fam- 
Uies. 


1,474 


332 

140 
88 

104 
35 
23 

143 


5 
12 

5 
55 
17 
15 
11 
171 
19 
47 
27 

141 
55 
10 
27 

236 

1 
6 


2 
3 
1 

528 


23 

109 


KUMDEK  or  PAMIUES  HOLDINO — 


1 

slave. 


3,088 


422 


2  to  4 
slaves. 


5  to  9 
slaves. 


2,867     1,165 


428 


2 

{I 
218  I 


IS 
33 


1 

202 


197 


10  to  to  20  to  49 
slaves,  slaves. 


181 


23 


33 


Cn- 
known 
slaves. 


404 


57 


COUNTY    AND  TiiWN. 


Total  I 

number 

of      , 

sliive. 


inniBni  or  rAuiur-i  iiouiinu- 


Columbla  county— Cont'd 

Clermont 

fiermontown 

Hlllsilale 

Hudson 

Klnderhook 

Livingston 

Dutchess  county 

Amenta 

Beokman 

Clinton 

FlshklU 

Fre<leriekstown 

Northeast 

Pawling 

Phllipstown 

Pougnkecpsle 

Rhinel»-ck 

Southeast 

Wastiington 

Kings  county . 

Brooklyn 

Ilushwick 

Flathush 

Flatlands 

Omveaend 

New  I'trecbL 

Montgomery  county 

Canaloharle 

Caugnnawatn 

Chemung. 

Oerman  Flotis..   

HorwrsOeld 

Herkimer 

Mohawk 

Otspgo 


37 
16 
30 
03 
174 
88 

670 


22 
46 
•7 

195 
36 
33 
20 
12 
80 

131 
6 
32 


104 
49 
73 
32 
31 
44 


IS 
7 
14 
27 
SO 
45 

381 


2  to  4    S  to  9  lOUi 
sla%'es.  siaves-t  Slav, 


366 


II 
13 
34 
75 
II 
12 
8 
3 
43 
50 
3 
14 

I3B 


35  I 

15 

13 

4 

6 

5 


3 

13 


2 


II 
43 
3 
4 
3 
I 
7 
37 
1 
3 

113 


6 


Mi- 


I 

» 
1 

s 

..I     34 

■i     '■ 
'\ t 

ji 

I 


20 


294  A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 

T  ,  ,5      SLAVEHOLDING  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD,  BY  COUNTIES  AND 

Table  116.-SLAVEHOLD1WG  lAMii.   ^^,^^^  ^^^^^^  DIVISIONS:  1790-ContiDued. 

NEW  YORK— Continued. 


COtJNTV  AND  TOWN. 


I 

Total  ! 
number: 
of 
slave- 
holding 
fam- 
ilies. 


Montgomery  rounty— Con. 

Palatine 

Whites 


New  York  city  and  county. 


New  York  city 

Dock  ward 

East  ward 

Montgomery  ward . . 

North  ward 

Out  ward 

South  ward 

Westward 

Harlem  division 


1,115 


Ontario  county... 

Canandaigua. 

Erwin 

Genesee 


Orange  county. 


Goshen 

Haverstraw  — 

Minisink 

New  Cornwall., 

Orange 

Warwick 


Queens  coimty. 


Flushing 

Jamaica 

Newtown 

North  Hempstead. 

Oyster  Bay 

South  Hempstead. , 


1,067 
115 
235 
210 
154 
130 
58 
165 
48 


NUMBER  OF  FAMnJES  HOLDING— 


1 

slave. 


2  to  4 
slaves. 


553 


87 
114 
21 
62 
78 
53 


Richmond  county . 


Castleton.. 
Northflcld. 
Southfield. 
Westfield.. 


Sutlolk  county . 


Brookhaven . . . 
Easthampton. 
Huntington... 
Isllp 


104 
S5 
141 
152 
159 
134 

238 


543 
54 
107 
126 
75 
71 
30 
80 
10 


5  to  9 
slaves. 


28 


461 
54 

112 
76 
74 
50 
25 
70 
18 


10  to  19  20  to  49 


slaves 


slaves 


Un- 
known 
slaves. 


42 
58 
9 
25 
26 
35 

312 


103 
43 
102 


35 
47 
9 
28 
42 
16 

289 


156 


COIINTV  AND  TOWN. 


Sufiolk  county— Continued. 

Shelter  Island 

Smith  town 

Southampton 

Southold 


Total 
number 
of 
slave- 
holding 
fam- 
ilies. 


Ulster  county . 


Hurley 

Kingston 

Mamakating 

Marblotown 

Middletown 

Montgomery 

New  Marlborough., 

New  Paltz 

New  Windsor 

Newburgh 

Rochester 

Schwangunk 

Wallkill 

Woodstock 


Washington  county . 


.\rcyle 

Queensbury . 

Salem 

Weiitfield 

Whitehall... 


Westchester  county . 


Bedford 

Cortlandt 

Eastchester... 
Greenburgh... 

Harrison 

Mamaroneck . . 

Morrisania 

Mt.  Pleasant . . 
New  Roche  He. 
North  Castle.. 
North  Salem.. 

Pelham 

Eye 

Salem 

Scarsdale 

Stenhen 

Westchester.. 
White  Plains. 

Yonkers 

York  


PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  state 

Allegheny  county 

Elizabeth 

Pitt 

Plum 

Versailles 

That  part  of  Allegheny 
county  taken  from 
Washhigton  county. . 

Bedford  county  i 


1,858 


Berks  county . 


.\mity 

Bern 

Brunswick    and    Man- 
helm 

Caernarvon 

Douglass 

Earl 

Exeter 

Heidelberg 

Hereford 

Oley 

Reading  borough 

Richmond 

Robeson 

Tulpehockcn 

Union 


Bucks  county  • 


134 


Chester  county. 


Charlestown 

Coventry 

East  Cain  

East  Nautmill 

East  Nottingham . . 

East  Town.' 

East  Whiteland 

FallowQeld 

Goshen 

Honeybrook 

Kennet 

London  Britain 

Londonderry 

Londongrove 

New  Garden 

New  London 

Oxford 

Sadsbury 

Tredlffrin 

Uwchland 

Vincent 

West  Marlborough . 

West  Nantmill 

West  Nottingham. 
West  Whiteland... 


Cumberland  cotmty. 


51 
90 
93 

878 


56 

210 

15 

89 

4 

97 

23 

78 

42 

28 

76 

102 

47 

11 


Hopewell 

Newton 

Tyborn 

Westpensboro 

Eastern  portlonof  county 


NUMBER  OF  FAMIUES  HOLDING — 


1 

slave. 


2  to  4 
slaves. 


5  to  9 

slaves. 


302 

11 
66 

5 
16 

3 
38 

9 
20 
23 
14 
23 
39 
26 


10  to  19  20  to  49 
slaves,  slaves. 


Un- 
known 
slaves. 


5 
1 
5 
2 
1 

250 


199 


2  !. 

8  1. 

1  1 

4 

1 

6 

4 

2 

3 

3 

5 


88 


117 


60 


53 

35 

_..l 

1 

1 
1 

i' 

2 

1 

5 

1 
2 

o" 

4 

1 

2 
1 
3 
3 

3 
2 
1 

7 
4 
4 
3 
4 
1 

6 
6 

1 

....... 

1 
1 
1 
2 

61 

2 

1 
1 

50 

21 
29 

6 

33 
28 

3 
3 

1  Not  returned  by  townships. 


GENERAL  T.\BLES.  .,95 

X„„  „..-S^V.HO.O.»0  --"-----»  ««-.^0^T^2S       ^"-  "-"■  -  "---  -■> 


PENNSYLVANIA-Contlnued. 


1  Total 
numbei 
.      of 
1  siavo- 
holdini 
fam- 
Uies. 

mmBEB  or  rAinuES  holdiho— 

COtniTT  A.M.  T..W  ■,. 

1 

1    ■ 

lin.-' 
Ules. 

■n 

MTiBiB  or  raMoiu  holmn 

COUNTY  AND  TOWN. 

1 
slave. 

2  to  4 
slaves 

5to9 
.  slaves 

1             1 

10tol9'20to49  .£"• 

.  slaves,  slaves.    '^^ 

1 

wave. 

..;.:. 

-,'     Uo. 
"known 

Harrlshurch  town 

L**bauon  town 

12 

1 

79 

Z4 

6 

""43 

lA 

31 

5 

1 
28 

6 

7 
1 

6 

2 

2 
2 





Northampton  county— Con. 

Fork? 

Lower  Mount  llelbeL.. 

Ix>wer  Smilhfleld 

Macun^> 

Towami'nslnk 

Upper  Mount  Bethel 

48 

•_;;. 

Remainder  of  county... 

3 

1 

1 
1 
1 

32 

3 

Delaware  county 

Bethel 

Binn  Ingham 

Concord 

Darby 

1 
4 
1 
2 
1 
4 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 

100 

1 
4 

2 

i 

f.'ppcr  .--'milhfleld 

Northumberland  county  i. . 

II 

S 



Haverford 

Middletown 

Newtown 

Radnor 

Ridley 

i' 

1 
1 

2 

1 

i' 

1 
1 

41 

3 

1 

1 

::.:■; 

Blarkley 

BrUtol 

BylxTT)- 

G^ermontown  town 

4 

3 
3 
3 

4 
IS 
2 

7 
32 
» 
1 
U 

18 

34 

72 
123 
S3 

4 
1 

3 

3 

1 
2 
1 
3 
8 

5 
3 

4 

4 

Sprlngncld 

Tlnicura 

Upper  Chichester 

Upper  Providence 

1 
1 

Lower  Dublin 

Manor  of  M'>rrlun<l 

Moyiimi'tiiim;  and  I'fts- 

syunk 

Northern  Liberties  town. 

Oxford 

RoxborouKh 

6 

17 
6 
1 

10 

12 
21 

44 

68 
2S 

1 
13 
3 

S 

A 

8 

28 
41 
17 

Fayette  county 

niiiicttn 

43 

13 

2 

1 

2 

1 

I— 

Franklin 

GeorKos 

17 
3 
2 
7 

20 
13 
6 
13 
14 

163 

9 

2 
1 

...... 

7 

6- 

4 

95 

8 

1 
1 
4 
6 
2 
4 
6 
7 

S3 

Roulhwark 

Phlla<lt>h<hlacltT: 

Nortlum  district 
(betwtvn  Vinrand 
Kaco  stnvts  from 
the    Kt'lawirr    to 
tlii^Sthnylklll)  ... 

Mlddli-dUlrtiKf.'-om 
the  north  sl<l(»  of 
Chestnut  strii't  to 
the  south  sld'-  of 
Rat-e  strwt   from 
the    Pflawarp   to 
thrfN'huylkilD... 

Southern  district 
(.from    the    south 
side   of  (heslnul 
str*-*"  '■'  ''■'■  "-'■•h 
Sid.'                  ■   I 
froi:. 
toll,.  ...,.....„..;>., 

Washington  county  1 

Westmoreland  county 

A  miittrong 

German 

Luzerne 

3 
2 
3 
2 

1 
1 

15 

Menallen 

SnrinKhill 

1 

Union 

Washington 

1 

1 

Franklin  county 

75 

8S 
24 
193 

46 

49 

14 

107 

21 

32 
8 
79 

8 

7 
2 

7 

Hamilton 

1-etterkenjiey 

Montgomery 

Peters 

Remainder  of  county 

Huntingdon  county  1 

Lancaster  county 

13 
11 

3 

Bart 

5 

11 

4 

13 

11 

1 

2 

1 

1 

37 

11 

19 

1 

3 

12 

« 

8 

8 

32 

6 

3 

7 

39 

8 
31 

72 

5 
3 

1 
3 
6 

1 

i' 

1 

23 
6 
8 
1 
1 
4 
1 
5 
5 

24 
6 

4 

25 

4 
2 
9 
5 

2 
1 

1 

Donegal 

3 
4 
3 
4 
S 
5 
16 
2 
7 

a 

1 

224 

3 
3 

1 
3 
4 
3 
6 

s' 

1 
1 

133 

1 
1 
1 
3 

i' 

S 
3 
4 

Dnimore 

Pprry 

Earl 

Fairfleld 

i 

Elizabeth 

Hemftneld 



2 

1 

3 
6 

I^ampeter 

North  Huntingdon 

Lancaster 

Lancaster  borough 

14 
5 
10 

Salem 

South  lIuntlngdoD 

Unity 

Little  Britain 

1 

3 

Martick 

1 
8 
3 
3 
3 
8 

1 

York  c^ii^'y 

71 

3> 

1 

May  town 

1       ' 

Chanwford 

Rapho          

12 
S 

14 
2 
« 
7 
6 
3 
9 

10 
2 
3 
3 

15 

30 

8 
3 

7 

4' 

S 
3 
3 
i 
« 
1 
3 
1 
10 

11 

S5 

3 

3 
3 
1 
3 
1 
3 
1 
3 
4 

3 

Codorus 

Fawn 

Hellam... 
Hopewell 

SaMsburv         

« 
1 



Wanvlck         

2 
3 
10 

1 

8 

i 

2 

2 

rari<lii«' 

Mifflin  county 

Rea<line 

1 

That  portion  south  of  the 

3 
22 

47 

3 

7 

22 

2 

WafTlngton 

Windsor 

2 
3 

York 

1 
S 

S 

S7 

1 

8 

1 

York  li->rouKh 

n«tr 

il 
Bit 

Fr 

II 

d>- 

Uouut  I'liuijut,  and 

Stnboo 

— 1 

2 

2 

10 

S8 

16 

2 

4 
41 

12 

2 

1 

6 
14 

3 

14           1 

Remainder  of  county 

Northampton  county 

3 
I 

1 

'•***** 

1 
i 

1 
5 

1 

1 

1              II 

■  Not  rctuiDcd  by  townships. 


296 


A  CENTURY  OF   POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  115.-SLAVEH0LDING  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD,  BY  COUNTIES  AND 

MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 

MARYLAND. 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 

NUMBER  OF  FAMILIES  HOLDING— 

COUNTY,   TOWN,    AND  HUNDRED. 

1  slave. 

2to4 
slaves. 

5  to  9 
slaves. 

10  to  19 
slaves. 

20  to  49 
slaves. 

50  to  99 
slaves. 

100  to  199 
slaves. 

200  to  299 
slaves. 

300  slaves 
and  over. 

Un- 
known 
slaves. 

The  State 

12,226 

2,841 

3,617 

2,807 

1,796 

713 

96 

16 

3 

1 

336 



1,096 
1,029 

146 
304 

216 
305 

221 

232 

158 
126 

86 
39 

13 
3 

4 

1 

i 

251 

Baltimore  county 

19 

135 
83 
78 

733 

389 

29 

25 

14 

236 

154 

37 
34 
36 
198 

178 

34 

16 
15 
167 

51 

27 

11 
81 

5 

8 
1 
2 

28 

1 

3 


1 

19 



418 
639 

126 
146 

149 
172 

87 
132 

43 

57 

12 
29 

1 
3 

Cecil  county 

37 
84 
51 
10 
21 

46 
10 
76 
27 
43 

26 
14 
26 
19 
50 

1,221 
296 
678 
586 
781 

933 
978 
828 
892 

9 
16 
8 
5 
9 

17 
1 

24 
8 

14 

7 
7 
6 
7 
8 

247 
72 
214 
148 
142 

203 
156 
•180 
199 

13 
19 
18 
4 
9 

13 
3 

32 
4 

10 

8 
3 

13 
8 

15 

317 
99 
234 
194 
219 

257 
265 
230 
265 

13 

23 

14 

1 

3 

11 
6 

12 
8 

12 

7 
3 
2 
3 
16 

295 
58 
129 
150 
192 

277 
208 
209 
204 

2 
16 
9 

8 
2 

2 

3 

1 
1 
2 
3 
6 

6 
4 

1 

4 
1 

3 

1 
8 

243 
43 
73 
71 

125 

169 

197 
140 
149 

2 

4 

107 
24 
26 
20 
38 

35 

122 
58 
CI 

1    . 

11 

1 

1 
3 
1 

2 
24 

9 
12 

1 

64 

4 
2 
1 

2 

1 

661 
269 
642 

181 
90 
133 

195 
98 
224 

136 
55 
171 

97 
20 
90 

29 

4 

22 

9 
2 
2 

2 

2 

1  Schedules  destroyed. 
NORTH   CAROLINA. 


Total 

number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 

NUMBER  OF  FAMIUES  HOLDING— 

DISTRICT,  COUNTY,  AND  TOVTO. 

1  slave. 

2  to  4 
slaves. 

6  to  9 
slaves. 

10  to  19 
slaves. 

20  to  49 
slaves. 

60  to  99 
slaves. 

100  to  199 
slaves. 

200  to  299 
slaves. 

Un- 
known 
slaves. 

The  state 

14,973 

4,040 

4,959 

3.375 

1,788 

701 

90 

n 

2 

7 

Edenton  district 

2,917 

703 

961 

684 

399 

154 

10 

2 

1 

3 

607 
201 
205 
108 
257 

344 
359 
299 
322 
216 

1,229 

109 
53 
38 
30 
74 

91 
76 
86 
88 
58 

412 

185 
69 
68 
39 
89 

98 
120 
100 
110 

83 

408 

163 
46 
49 
18 
71 

82 
78 
64 
67 
46 

265 

98 
28 
30 
11 
18 

53 
61 

40 
41 
20 

114 

49 
5 

17 
4 
5 

21 

24 

7 

15 

7 

28 

3 

Camdencounty 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Currituck  county 

Gates  county 

Pasquotank  countv 

2 

1 

Perquimans  county 

Tyrrell  county 

1 

Fayette  district : 

2 

Anson  county 

174 
313 
110 
88 
142 
163 
239 

55 
92 
35 
28 
52 
72 
78 

49 
102 
42 
31 
61 
66 
77 

51 
74 
18 
19 
26 
26 
51 

16 
36 
11 

8 
11 

8 
24 

3 
8 
4 
2 

1 
1 
9 

Cumljorland  county,  excluding  FayetteviUe  town 

1 

Moore  county 

1 

Robeson  countv 

Sampson  county 

GENERAL  TABLES. 


297 

Table  116.-SLAVEII0LDING  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDIxNG  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD  UY  fOLNTIKS  AND 

MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790-Conlinued. 

NORTH    CAROLINA— Coollnoad. 


DISTKK  T,  COUNTY,  AND  TOWN. 


Halifax  district. 


F>(Jgecorabe  county 

Franklin  county 

Halifax  counly,  Including  liallfax  town  . 

Martin  counly 

Nash  county 

Northampton  county 

Warren  county 


Hillsborough  district. . 

Chatham  county.. 
Randolph  county. 
Wake  county 


Morgan  district. 


Rurico  county 

Lincoln  county 

Kutherford  county. 
Wilkes  county 


Newbem  district. 


Beaiifort  county 

Carteret  county 

Craven  counly,  including  Newbem  town. 

Dobbs  counly 

Uydc  county 


Johnston  county. 

Jones  county 

Pitt  county'. 

Wayne  county... 


Salisbury  district. 


Guilford  county 

Iredell  counly 

Mecklenburg  county. 
Montgomery  county. 


Rockingham  county 

Rowan  c-ounty,  including  Salisbury  town. 

Stokes  counly 

Surry  county 


Wilmington  district. 


niaden  county 

Bninswick  county 

Duplin  counly 

New  Hanover  county.  Including  Wilmington  town. 
Onslow  counly 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
famillos. 


3,200 


491 

388 
734 
277 
328 
£83 
iS» 

841 


314 
137 


781 


173 
283 
1A4 
131 

2,725 


280 
155 
576 
336 
247 

249 
217 
401 
254 

2,023 


179 
232 
423 
180 

212 
432 
202 
163 

1,227 


237 
IIB 
255 
341 
278 


NtmDKB  or  FAMILISa  UOLDINQ— 


1  Slave. 


686 


84 
79 

105 
84 
77 

125 


234 


289 


67 
117 
63 
42 


79 
49 
161 
82 
70 

76 
56 
99 
75 

691 


69 
80 
145 
54 

48 
153 
86 
56 

268 


2to4 
slaves. 


i.ooe 


186 
116 
178 
86 
117 
189 
130 

292 


106 
48 
138 


63 
»4 
54 
45 


105 
62 
188 
117 
84 

77 
61 
134 
71 


64 
81 
167 
64 

88 
168 
.59 
60 

390 


81 
33 
84 
103 
89 


5to9 
slaves. 


800 


117 
113 
184 
66 
77 
138 
110 

181 


75 
21 
85 

148 


65 
25 
120 


45 


282 


10  to  19 

slaves. 


478 


78 
61 
124 
27 
42 
85 
71 


29 
14 

73 
35 
19 

36 
32 
59 
38 

136 


2010  49  '  50ta99    lOOIolM  aooloS 
Slaves,   j  slaves.    I  slaves.      slava 


243 


25 
27 
«> 

14  ' 
M  , 
53 

27 


6  I 
2 
19 


a 
1 

2 
2 

119 


95 


19 
17 
10 
35 
14 


Un- 
known 

slavM. 


35 


1 
2 
16 

I 


SOUTH  CAROUNA. 


DISTRICT,  COUNTY,    AND  PARISH. 


The  state. 


Beaufort  district. 
Camden  district.. 


Chester  county 

Ciaremont  county. 
Clarendon  covmty. 
Fairfield  counly... 
Lancaster  county . . 
Richland  county.. 
York  counly 


Charleston  district. 


Berkley  counly,  St.  Johns  parish 

Colleton  county,  St.  Johns  parish 

Dorchester  county,  St.  Georges  parish. 
Christ  Church  parish 


Total 
number 
of  slavo- 
holdlng 
families. 


St.  Andrews  parish 

St.  Ban tiolomis  parish 

St.  James  Ooose  Creek  parish  . 
St.  James  Santec  parish 


8,859 


578  I 


230 

170 

TV 

254 

222 
187 

227 

2.538 


123 
178 
140 
114 

106 
277 


NtTMBKB  or  rAHIUES  noLooo— 


1  slave. 


1,930 


73 


76 
20 
19 
65 
68 
30 
71 

315 


2to4 
slaves. 


2,603 


Sto9 
slaves. 


1,853 


91 
471 


51 
39 
24 
65 
39 
33 
4« 

527 


10  to  19 
slaves. 


1,201 


158 


20  to  49 
slaves. 


85S 


50  to  99 
slaves. 


78 


3 
33 
7 
9 
8 
26 
3 

356 


lie 


100tal99  200tc. 
slaves.       sla\  < 


16 


.lift  uver. 


21 


I      fn- 
knovn 
slaves. 


>'  I 
4 
3  I 


298 


A  CENTURY  OF  POPULATION  GROWTH. 


Table  115. 


-SLAVEHOLDING  FAMILIES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  NUMBER  OF  SLAVES  HELD,  BY  COUNTIES  AND 

MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS:  1790— Continued. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA— Continued. 


Total 
number 
of  slave- 
holding 
families. 

JJDMBEK  OP  FAMILIES  HOLDING — 

DISTRICT,   COUNTY,   AND  PARISH. 

1  slave. 

2  to  4 
slaves. 

5  to  9 
slaves. 

10  to  19 
slaves. 

20  to  49 
slaves. 

50  to  99 
slaves. 

100  to  199 
slaves. 

200  to  299 
slaves. 

300  slaves 
and  over. 

Dn- 

known 
slaves. 

Charleston  district— Continued. 

62 

1,220 

49 

95 

382 

842 

2 

219 
3 
7 

92 

125 

8 

398 

3 

17 

113 
182 

6 

321 

4 

9 

87 
195 

13 

244 

5 

22 

48 

162 

19 
38 
11 
16 

34 

133 

7 

5 

1 

1 

15 
13 

6 

32 

8 
8 

1 

10 

3 

1 

Georgetown  district 

2 

1 

64 
380 
398 

2,418 

10 
43 

72 

794 

11 
71 
100 

890 

13 
89 
93 

494 

9 

98 
55 

177 

12 
68 
53 

59 

5 
10 
17 

3 

2 
1 

7 

1 

1 

1 

Ninety-six  district 

1 

331 
599 

162 
300 

302 
251 
242 
231 

732 

87 
148 

55 

129 

102 
101 
9.5 
77 

182 

134 
199 
66 
107 

113 

106 
90 
75 

249 

72 
155 
30 
54 

62 
27 
45 
49 

162 

24 
68 
9 

8 

23 

15 

9 

21 

75 

13 

27 

2 

2 

2 
2 
2 
9 

49 

1 
2 

.   . 

1 

Orangeburgti  district 

11 

4  ! 

473 
259 

103 
79 

160 
89 

108 
54 

51 
24 

39 
10 

8 
3 

4 

INDEX. 


Adults  of  self-supportinfr  age,  nitio  of,  to 
children,  103;  for  i)rin<;ipal  countries, 
104;  for  states  and  territories,  105. 

Africa,  per  cent  distribution  of  foreifin 
population  born  in,  130;  number  born  in. 
226. 

Age,  classification  used  in  First  Census  re- 
turns,   93;  method    of   obtaining   propor- 
tions used  in  this  report,  93;  white  popu- 
lation  classified    accordinc    to  sex  and 
94,  208. 

Apriculture,  rank  as  an  industrj-,  26;  acres 
of  improved  land  and  value  of  farm  prop- 
erty, 145. 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Allegheny,  Pa.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Apportionment,  congressional,  primarj-  ob- 
ject of  census  taking,  2;  changes  in,  during 
the  century,  92. 

Area,  in  square  miles,  at  First  Census,  17,  51; 
at  each  enumeration,  54,  145;  growth  in 
population  comi)ared  with,  56. 

Asia,  foreign  population  bom  in,  226. 

Atlanta,  (Ja.,  population  at  the  First  and  at 
the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Austria,  date  of  first  census  in,  2;  increase 
in  population  in  nineteenth  centurj',  85; 
foreign  population  born  in,  226.  See  also 
Austria-Hungary. 

Austria-Hungary,  ratio  of  adults  of  self-sup- 
porting age  to  children,  104;  foreign 
population  born  in,  per  cent  distribution, 
130;  number,  226.    Su  also  Austria 


Baden,  date  of  first  census  in,  2. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  preconstitutional  popula- 
tion, 11, 13;  exports  and  imports,  30;  pop- 
ulation at  the  First  and  at  the  Twelfth 
Census,  78;  by  color,  84. 

Bancroft,  Mr.,  estimates  of  colonial  popula- 
tion, 8;  by  color,  8;  rule  of  increase  of 
population  given  by  (note),  10. 

Banks,  names  of  those  in  existence  in  1790, 
21. 

Bavaria,  date  of  the  first  census  in,  2. 

Belgium,  increase  in  population  in  nine- 
teenth century,  86;  rate  of  increase  in,  ap- 
plied to  native  population  in  United 
States,  90;  foreign  population  bom  in,  per 
cent  distribution,  130:  number,  226. 

Birth,  area  of,  compared  with  area  of  resi- 
dence for  native  white  population  of 
native  parentage,  125,  126,  127. 

Birth  rate,  changes  in,  95. 

Bohemia,  foreign  population  bom  in,  226. 

Boston,  Mass.,  preconstitutional  popula- 
tion, 11,  13;  exports  and  imports,  30;  pop- 
ulation at  the  First  and  at  the  Twelfth 
(Census,  78;  by  color,  84. 

Boundaries,  at  First  Census,  17. 

Bridgeport,  Conn..  po[)ulation  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Bridges,  erection  of,  21. 

Brituih  Board  of  Trade,  enumeration  of 
population  demanded  by,  3. 

British  race,  growth  of  population  due  to, 
91. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 


Burnett,  Governor,  difficulties  in  making 
colonial  enumerations  outlined,  3. 

Cambridge,  Ma.-w.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Camden,  N.  J.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Canada  and  Newfoundland,  foreign  popula- 
tion born  in,  i>er  cent  distribution,  |:10; 
number,  226. 

Capital  of  the  I'nitwl  States,  provisions  for 
making  permanent,  16. 

Census,  First.     See  First  Census. 

Census  act,  provisions  of,  for  taking  First 
Census,  43. 

Census  taking,  attitude  of  nations  toward, 
1;  of  states,  1;  in  preconstitutional 
period,  2,  4;  influence  of  superstitions 
against,  3. 

Censuses,  colonial.     See  Colonial  censuses. 

Central  America.  See  Mexico  and  Central 
America. 

Charleston,  S.  C,  population  in  precon- 
stitutional period.  11,  13;  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78;  exports 
and  imports,  30. 

Chickering,  Doctor,  early  estimates  of  popu- 
lation in  Massachui*etta  and  Maine,  5. 

Children  (white  population  under  16  years 
of  age),  method  of  obtaining  propcirlions 
for  Ha.'i.ai tying  by  age  and  sex,  93;  number 
and  proportion  of  population  f.irmed  by, 
cla-ssifieu  by  sex.  94.  208,  210;  effect  of  iiii- 
migration  on  proportions.  95;  average  num- 
ber ner  family,  100,  101;  number  per  1,(X)0 
of  all  ages,  by  specified  years,  103;  ratio 
of  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to,  103, 
105;  in  principal  foreign  countries,  104; 
ratio  of,  to  adult  females,  105;  changes  in 
ratios,  during  eighteenth  and  nineteenth 
ceuturios,  107;  ratio  of,  to  females  Hi 
years  of  age  and  over,  100;  in  New  York 
census  of  1712,  107;  in  the  native  and  the 
foreign  stock,  107;  in  two  counties  shown 
by  nationality  for  the  First  and  for  the 
Twelfth  Census,  108;  in  principal  foreign 
countries,  109;  number  in  1790  according 
to  1900  proportions  and  in  1900  according 
to  those  of  1790,  107;  conditions  effecting 
changes  in  pro[>orlions,   109. 

China,  foreign  population  bom  in,  per  cent 
distribution,  1.30:  number,  226. 

Cities,  specified,  population  of.  during  pre- 
constitutional periotl,  11;  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78;  increase  in  pop- 
ulation, 79;  proportion  white  and  colored 
in,  84. 

Coins,  kinds  in  circulation,  20. 

Colleges,  list  of,  32. 

Colonial     censu.-<es,     population,     of    New 
Ilamp.-hire,  149;  Ma.ssachu.-<etts,  156,  158; 
Rhode    Island,     162;    Connecticut,     164; 
New  York,  170;  New  Jersey,  184;  Mary- 
land, 185. 
Colonial  period,  census  taking  during.  3,  4;  ! 
De  How's  estimates  of  )x>pulation,  8;  com- 
pilation  of  estimates  of  population,   by 
decades,  9,  10. 
Color,  population  classified  according  to,  for 
each  census.  80,  81;  by  states  and  terri- 
tories, 82,  201 ;  by  counties.  201 ;  while  and 
negro,    83;    bv    nativity   of   parents,    86; 
families  cla.<slfied  by,  arcordinir  to  slave 
ownership,  for  minor  civil  divisions,  276. 


Columbia  county,  N.  Y.,  populmtion  at  the 
First  and  at  the  Twelfth  CcnsusdiHlribult-d 
by  nationality.  123;  and  ratio  of  adult 
_  femali-s  to  rhildren,  I0«. 

Commerce,  conditions  and  n-  ■  .dcr 

colonial  government.   2'»:   ■  :   in- 

coming vessels  •  :  en- 

try, 29;  by  couir  ,   3|; 

cla-ses  and  vabu-  ii  inij-.n-  arni  .xi-irtii,' 
29;  extent  and  character  of  trade  with 
West  ludii-s,  31. 

Congress,  number  of  members  at  the  time  of 
the  First  Census,  16;  at  each  cennuii,  92; 
pnjvlsion  in  Constitution  for  reprotcnta- 
llon  in,  92. 

Conne<'ticut,  populatlr>n  in  preconstitu- 
tional period,  4,  5.  164.  165:  Indiwi  trilM-.., 
number  and  place  of  n-sideiui',  ;J9;  sur- 
names classified  according  to  number  of 
families  rei'orded  under  each,  113;  num- 
ber of  members  in  such  hou.<«-holds,  114; 
population  cla.s-'lfie<l,  by  nationality,  116, 
271;  by  counties  and  minor  civil  divi- 
sions, 193;  aicordlng  to  color,  202;  by  sex 
and  age,  212;  slaves,  number  of,  132:  fami- 
lies, cla.ssified  by  slave  owner-hip  a:id 
nationality,  274;  and  color,  280;  by  number 
of  slaves  held,  292.  Set  also  Sutca  and 
territories. 

Continental  period,  census  taking  during,  3; 
e.-iimated  jKipulatlon  of  each  state  during. 

Counties,  population  of,  classified  aocordin); 
to  increase  or  decrea.-*,  (iO;  numtx-r  reach- 
ing maximum  i>opulalion  prior  to  Twelfth 
Census,  71;  population  as  returned  on 
schedules,  188;  families  classified  by  num- 
ber of  members,  224. 

Cuba  and  West  Indies,  foreign  population 
born  in,  22(i. 

Currency,  establishing  system  of,  20. 


Dc  Bow,  Mr.  J.  E.  D.,  estimateii  of  colonial 

population,  8. 

Debt,  natirmal,  a  factor  in  census  taking.  4. 

Hcclaration  of  Indefwndence.  signatunvi  of 
signers,  115. 

Delaware,  population  in  preconstitutional 
period,  4,  6;  list  of  minor  civil  divisions, 
74;  population,  computed  distribution  of, 
by  nationalilv,  119,  121;  by  counties  and 
minor  civil  divisions,  198;  by  color,  203; 
by  sex  and  age,  214;  numlM-r  of  slaves  in, 
1:12.     iSV<r  «/«)  Stales  ii'   '■        •   -ics. 

Denmark,  tonnage  of  \'  entering 

porLs,  30;  increase  in  ;  ,  in  nine- 
teenth centur)-,  85;  foreign  |><ipuUtion 
born  in,  per  cent  distribution,  130;  num- 
ber, 226. 

Density  of  population,  for  Ntatcn  and  terri- 
tories. 5S;  in  sp'  '  ■  er- 
tain  ICuropean  •  in 
United  ."^tat—  ■                 ,.  .  S6. 

Dexter,  Prof    '  I '..iwditob,  cstimatea 

of  colonial  i    .  >*. 

Dutch,  piipuluiioii  I  lainifled  an,  by  state*, 
117;  by  counties,  271. 

Dwellings,  nunilMT,  in  ■  •  ■■■  •  ,1^.1. 
jiliiu,  13;  in  .Massachii-  ion 

in  Twelfth  <  '■  on 

ba#is   of    .M  '  -li- 

mai.-<I  .i\ir.i  .  .         ii»2. 

(299) 


300 


INDEX. 


Education,  status  of,  in  colonial  period,  31; 
laws  providing  for,  31;  list  of  colleges,  32; 
professional  and  scientific  courses  offered, 
32. 

Elizabeth  town,  N.  J.,  population  at  the 
First  and  at  the  Twelfth  (  ensus,  78. 

England,  conditions  prevailing  in,  at  the 
time  of  the  First  Census,  IG;  foreign  pop- 
ulation born  in,  per  cent  distribution,  130; 
number,  226. 

England,  Scotland,  and  Wales,  foreign  pop- 
ulation born  in,  distributed  according  to 
geographic  divisions,  131. 

England  and  Wales,  ratio  of  adults  of  self- 
supporting  age  to  children,  104. 

Engli.sh  and"\\'elsh,  population  classified  as, 
by  states,  117;  by  counties,  271. 

Enumeration,  area  of,  at  each  census,  com- 
pared with  total  area,  64;  population  of, 
55. 

Enumerators,  duties  and  compensation,  in 
First  Census,  45. 

Erie,  Pa.,  population  at  the  First  and  at  the 
Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Europe,  conditions  prevailing  in,  at  the 
time  of  the  First  Census,  16;  increase  in 
population  in  United  States  compared 
with  that  in,  85;  foreign  population  born 
in,  per  cent  distribution,  130;  number, 
226. 

Exports,  value  of,  and  per  capita  averages, 
29. 

Fall  River,  Mass.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Families,  number,  96,  101;  by  counties,  224; 
average  size,  96;  by  states  and  territories, 
98;  by  surnames,  227;  cla-ssified  as  slave- 
holding  and  nonslaveholding,  99;  by  color 
and  size,  100,  276;  by  narionality,  123,  274; 
average  number  of  children,  100, 101;  num- 
ber of  surnames  reported  for,  113;  classi- 
fied by  number  of  persons  recorded  under 
such  names,  114;  average  number  of,  per 
name,  115;  classified  by  number  of  mem- 
bers, by  counties,  224;  changes  in  size 
during  last  century,  102. 

Families,  heads  of,  nationality  as  indicated 
by  names  of,  116,  117;  in  New  Jersey,  120; 
Columbia  county,  N.  Y.,  123;  Hartford 
county,  Conn.,  123;  classified  by  occupa- 
tions in  Philadelphia  and  Southwark,  142; 
number  represented  by  each  surname,  227. 

Federal  census,  conditions  necessitating,  3. 

Federal  Government,  organization  and  per- 
sonnel, at  the  time  of  the  First  Census,  16. 

Females,  adult,  ratio  of  children  to,  by 
states  and  territories,  105,  106;  in  New 
York  census  of  1712,  107;  in  the  native 
and  in  the  foreign  stock  of  the  white  popu- 
lation, 107;  according  to  nationality  in 
two  counties,  for  the  First  and  the  Twelfth 
Census,  108;  in  principal  countries,  109; 
changes  in  ratios  during  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth  centuries,  107.     See  also  Sex. 

First  Census,  Mr.  Madison's  views  on  scope 
of,  42;  act  providing  for,  43;  execution  of 
the  law,  44;  compensation  prescribed,  44; 
total  cost,  44;  time  allowed  for  enumera- 
tion, 45;  difficulties  in  making  enumera- 
tion, 45;  character  of  returns,  46;  Presi- 
dent's report  to  Congress,  46;  published 
returns,  47 ;  disappointment  over  returns, 
48;  losing  of  schedules  explained,  48;  list 
of  schedules  now  on  file,  49. 

Fisheries,  extent  of  operations,  28. 

Foreign  born  population,  distributed  by 
place  of  residence,  in  original  and  added 
area,  128,  130;  in  states  and  territories,  128; 
in  geographic  divisions,  129,  130,  131;  ac- 
cording to  country  of  birth,  130,  131,  226. 

Foster,  Mr.  John  W.,  quoted  concerning 
President  Washington  (note),  16. 

France,  reasons  for  taking  first  census  of,  1; 

•     date,  2;  conditions  prevailing  at  the  time 

of  the  First  Census,  16;  tonnage  of  vessels 


from,  entering  ports  of  United  States,  30; 
present  density  of  population,  59;  increase 
in  population  in  nineteenth  century,  85; 
ratio  of  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to 
children,  104;  ratio  of  children  to  females 
16  years  of  age  and  over,  109;  foreign  pop- 
ulation born  in,  per  cent  distribution,  130; 
number,  226. 

French,  population  classified  as,  by  states, 
117;  by  counties,  271. 

Friends, 'first  petition  against  slavery  made 
by,  37. 

Georgia,  population  in  preconstitutional 
period,  4,  7;  list  of  minor  civil  divisions, 
74;  population,  computed  distribution  of, 
by  nationality,  121;  by  districts  and  mi- 
nor civil  divisions,  200;  by  color,  207;  by 
sex  and  age,  220;  number  of  slaves  in,  132. 
See  also  States  and  territories. 

German,  population  classified  as,  by  states, 
117;  bv  counties,  271. 

German  Empire,  ratio  of  children  to  females 
16  years  of  age  and  over,  109;  foreign  pop- 
ulation born  in,  226. 

Germany,  tonnage  of  vessels  from,  entering 
ports  of  United  States,  30;  increase  in  pop- 
ulation in  nineteenth  century,  85;  ratio  of 
adults  of  self-supporting  age  to  children, 
104;  foreign  population  born  in,  130. 

Germany  and  Austria,  distribution  of  popu- 
lation born  in,  according  to  geographic 
divisions,  131. 

Grandfathers,  native,  growth  of  white  pop- 
ulation measured  by  proportion  of,  in 
Massachusetts,  89. 

Great  Britain,  date  of  first  census  in,  2;  ton- 
nage of  vessels  from,  entering  ports  of 
United  States,  30.    See  also  England. 

Greece,  date  of  first  census,  2;  foreign  pop- 
ulation born  in,  226. 

Government,  local,  organization  of,  in 
various  states,  19. 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  report  on  state  of 
manufacturing  industries,  27. 

Harrisburg,  Pa.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Hartford,  Conn.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Hartford  county.  Conn.,  ratio  of  adult  fe- 
males to  children,  according  to  national- 
ity, 108;  population  distributed  by  nation- 
ality, 123. 

Heads  of  families.    See  Families,  heads  of. 

Hebrew,  population  classified  as,  by  states, 
117;  by  counties,  271. 

Highways.     See  Roads. 

Hoboken,  N.  J.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Hoffman,  F.  L.,  quoted  concerning  birth 
rate  in  the  native  and  the  foreign  element 
(note),  107. 

Holland,  population,  density  of,  59;  increase 
in,  during  nineteenth  century,  85. 

Hungary,  foreign  population  born  in,  226. 

Hunter,  Governor,  enumeration  of  New 
York  by,  for  British  Board  of  Trade,  3. 

Immigration,  increase  in  population  through, 
85;  change  in  proportion  of  children  due 
to,  95. 

Imports,  value  and  per  capita  averages,  29. 

India,  foreign  population  born  in,  226. 

Indian  and  Mongolian  population,  number 
at  each  census,  80;  classified  by  nativity 
of  parents,  86;  increase  in,  during  nine- 
teenth century,  92;  of  each  state  in  1790 
area,  by  counties,  201. 

Indians,  status  of,  at  the  time  of  the  First 
Census,  37;  area  occupied  by,  39;  list  of 
tribes,  giving  number  and  place  of  resi- 
dence, 39;  treaty  with,  regarding  North- 
west Territory,  39;  enumeration  of,  40; 
tribes  in  each  state,  40;  estimated  num- 
ber, 40. 


Industries,  general  sketch,  25. 

Interstate  migration,  native  white  popula- 
tion of  native  parentage,  classified  accord- 
ing to  place  of  birth  and  of  residence,  125, 
126,  127. 

Ireland,  tonnage  of  vessels  from,  entering 
ports  of  United  States,  30;  ratio  of  adults 
of  self-supporting  age  to  children,  104; 
foreign  population  born  in,  per  cent  dis- 
tribution, 130;  by  geographic  divisions, 
131;  number,  226. 

Irish,  population  classified  as,  by  states,  117; 
by  counties,  271. 

Italy,  date  of  first  census  in,  2;  increase  in 
population  in  nineteenth  century,  85; 
ratio  of  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to 
children,  104;  ratio  of  children  to  females 
16  years  of  age  and  over,  109;  foreign 
population  born  in,  per  cent  distribution, 
130;  by  geographic  divisions,  131;  num- 
ber, 226. 

Japan,  foreign  population  born  in,  per  cent 
distribution,  130;  number,  226. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  letters  concerning  First 
Census,  44,  45. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Jonn^s,  Moreau  de,  comment  on  census  tak- 
ing in  United  States,  2. 

Kentucky,  list  of  minor  civil  divisions,  76; 
population,  computed  distribution  of,  by 
nationality,  121;  by  counties  and  minor 
civil  divisions,  200;  by  color,  207;  by  sex 
and  age,  220;  number  of  slaves  in,  132. 
See  also  States  and  territories. 

Lawrence,  Mass. ,  population  at  the  First  and 

at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 
Letters,  rates  of  postage,  23. 
Levasseur,  early  census  taking  (note),  1. 
Louisville,  Ky.,  population  at  the  First  and 

at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 
Lowell,  Mass.,  population  at  the  First  and 

at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 
Lynn,  Mass.,  population  at  the  First  and  at 

"the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Madison,  James,  scope  of  First  Census  broad- 
ened by,  2;  effort  to  have  a  more  complete 
schedule,  42. 

Maine,  population  in  preconstitutional  pe- 
riod, 4,  5;  Indian  tribes,  number  and  place 
of  residence,  39;  surnames  classified  ac- 
cording to  number  of  families  recorded 
under  each,  113;  number  of  members  in 
such  households,  114;  population  classi- 
fied, by  nationality,  116,  271;  by  counties 
and  minor  civil  divisions,  188;  according 
to  color,  201;  bv  sex  and  age,  210;  fami- 
lies, classified  by  nationality,  274.  See 
also  States  and  territories. 

Males,  proportion  of,  in  white  population, 
93;  engaged  in  five  groups  of  occupations, 
143.     See  also  Sex. 

Malthus,  influence  on  early  census  taking,  2; 
rule  of,  for  increase  in  population  in  north- 
ern states  of  America  (note),  10. 

Manchester,  N.  H.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Manufactures,  status  of,  under  colonial  gov- 
ernment, 26;  report  by  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton concerning,  27;  estimated  value  in 
1790,  27;  value  of  products,  1850  to  1900, 
145. 

Marshals,  duties  of,  in  First  Census,  44,  45. 

Maryland,  population  in  preconstitutional 
period,  4,  6,  185;  list  of  minor  civil  divi- 
sions, 74;  surnames  classified  according  to 
number  of  families  recorded  under  each, 
113;  number  of  members  in  such  house- 
holds, 114;  population,  classified  by  na- 
tionality, 116,  272;  by  counties  and  minor 
civil  divisions,  198;  according  to  color, 
203;  by  sex  and  age,  214;  slaves,  number 


of,  132;  families  rlassilied  by  slave  owner- 
ehipand  iiatiouality,  275;  and  color,  288- 
by  number  of  slaves  held,  296.  See  also 
States  and  territories. 

Maryland  and  DLstriet  of  Cohimbia,  per  cent 
distribution  of  slaveholdinj,'  families  ac- 
cording to  number  of  slaves  held,  136. 
See  also  Maryland. 

Massachusetts,  population  in  preconstitu- 
tional  periods,  4,  5,  156,  158;  Indian 
tribes,  number  and  place  of  residence,  39, 
40;  dwellinjTs  and  private  families,  101; 
sumamee  classified  aeoordinK  to  number 
of  families  recorded  under  eaeh,  1 13;  num- 
ber of  members  in  such  househoUls,  114; 
population  classified  by  nationalitv,  116,' 
271;  by  countie.s  and  minor  civil  divi- 
Bions,  191;  according  to  color,  201;  by  sex 
and  age,  210;  families  classified  by  nation- 
ality, 274. 

Mease,  Dr.  James,  colonial  population  and 
number  of  dwellings  in  Philadelphia,  13 
144. 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Mexico  and  Central  America,  foreign  popu- 
lation born  in,  226. 

Middle  states,  organization  of  local  govern- 
ment, 19;  number  of  post  offices,  25;  laws 
providing  for  education,  31;  native  white 
population  of  native  parentage  born  in, 
classified  by  place  of  residence,  126,  127; 
foreign  born  population  living  in,  129; 
classified  by  country  of  birth,  131;  aggre- 
gate and  per  capita  wealth,  144. 

Mining,  extent  or  operations,  27. 

Minor  civil  divisions,  lack  of  data  concern- 
ing, 73;  population,  73,  188;  boundaries, 
73;  lists  of,  for  certain  states,  74, 

Mongolian.     See  Indian  and  Mongolian. 

Mulhall,  aggregate  wealth  of  United  States 
estimated  by  (note),  144. 

Names  of  families.     See  Nomenclature. 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

National  debt.     See  Debt,  national. 

Nationality,  of  while  population,  ratio  of 
adult  females  to  cliiUlren.  lOS;  methwl  of 
classifying  according  to,  IIG;  distribution 
of,  by  states,  116,  121,  271;  predominance 
of  English  stock,  117;  source  of  data  for 
Delaware,  119;  New  Jersey,  119;  Vir- 
ginia, 119;  Georgia,  121;  Kentucky,  121; 
Tennessee,  121;  Columbia  countv,  N.  Y., 
121,  123;  Hartford  county.  Conn.,  121, 
123;  classification  of  slaveholders,  123;  of 
foreign  born,  130;  of  families,  274. 

Native  while  population  of  foreign  parent- 
age, number  per  1,000  of  white  popula- 
tion, by  geographic  divisions,  130. 

Native  white  population  of  native  parent- 
age classified  bv  areas  of  birth  and  resi- 
dence, 125,  126,' 127. 

Negro  population,  classified  as  free  and 
slave  at  each  census,  80;  actual  number 
in  1790  and  number  using  1900  propor- 
tions, 83;  actual  number  in  1900  and 
number  on  1790  proportions,  83;  classi- 
fied by  nativity  of  parents,  86;  causes 
contributing  to  increase  In,  91;  increase 
in  nineteenth  century,  92. 

Nelson,  Mr.  William,  data  for  New  Jersey 
furnl.shed  by,  119. 

Netherlands,  tonnage  of  vessels  from,  enter- 
ing ports  of  United  Slates,  30;  foreign 
population  born  in,  per  cent  distribution, 
130;  number,  226. 

New  Bedford,  Mass.,  population  at  the 
First  and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

New  England,  organization  of  local  govern- 
ment, 19;  number  of  post  otfices,  25;  na- 
tive white  population  of  native  parentage 
born  in,  classified  by  place  of  residence, 
126,    127;  foreign  born   population,   129; 


INDEX. 

classified  by  country  of  birth,  120;  asgr«- 
gato  and  per  capita  wealth,  144. 

New  Hampshire,  jwpulalion  in  preconsti- 
tutional  period,  4,  149,  1,50,  1.54;  surnamt* 
classified  according  to  number  of  families 
recorded  under  each,  113;  number  of 
members  in  suih  households,  114;  |M>pu- 
lation,  cliLssified  by  nationality,  116,  271; 
by  counties  and  minor  <ivil  divisions,' 
189;  according  to  color,  201;  by  sex  and 
age,  210;  slaves,  number  of,  132;  families 
claasifit>d  by  slave  ownership  and  nation- 
ality, 274;  and  color,  276;  by  number  of 
slaves  held,  292.  See  aUo  Stales  and 
territories. 

New  IJayen,  Conn.,  date  of  incorporation, 
14;  estimates  of  dwellings  and  |H>pulatiun, 
14;  exports  and  iin|>orts,  :10;  |Hipulation 
at  the  First  and  at  the  Twelfth  Census.  7S. 

New  Jersey,  population  in  preconstllu- 
tional  period,  6,  184;  Indian  tribes, 
number  and  place  of  residence,  39,  40; 
nationality  of  population,  in  Somerwct 
county,  119;  in  ea.h  county,  120;  in  the 
state,  121;  number  of  slaves,  132;  jx)pula- 
latlon  <-la.ssified  by  counties  and  minor 
civil  diNisions,  195;  by  color,  202;  by  sex 
and  age,  212.  See  alto  States  and  'terri- 
tories. 

New  London,  Conn.,  estimates  of  popula- 
tion and  number  of  dwellings,  14;  exports 
and  imports,  30. 

New  York,  population  in  preconstitutional 
period,  4,  6,  170,  181,  182,  183;  Indian 
tribes,  number  and  place  of  residence, 
39,  40;  ratio  of  children  to  females  10 
years  of  age  and  over,  107;  surnames  clas- 
sified according  to  number  of  families  re- 
corded under  each,  113;  number  of  mem- 
bers in  such  hou.seholds,  114;  population 
classified  by  nationality,  116,  272;  by  coun- 
ties and  minor  civil  divisions,  194;  accord- 
ing to  color,  201 ;  by  sex  and  age.  212;  slaves, 
number  of,  132;  families  classified  bv  slave 
ownership  and  nationality,  275;  and  color, 
281 ;  by  number  of  slavesheld,  293. 

New  York  city,  record  of  population  from  its 
founding  to'l790,  11;  colonial  censuses,  13: 
exports  and  imports,  30;  the  First  and  the 
Twelfth  Census,  78;  proportion  white  and 
colored,  84;  list  of  names  of  masters  of 
families  in  1703,  170. 

Newark,  X.  J.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Newfoundland.  See  Canada  and  New- 
foundland. 

Newport,  R.  I.,  record  of  population  from  its 
founding  to  1790,  11;  colonial  population, 
14;  exports  and  imports,  :!0. 

Newsi)apers  and  jieriixlicals,  rates  of  postage, 
25;  classified  by  period  of  issue,  32,  ;i3; 
advertisements,  news,  etc.,  33;  list  of,  33.  ; 

Nomenclature,   classified   list  of  surnames, 
111;  list  of  names  represented  by  at  least 
100   white   persons,    227.     See   also   Sur-  \ 
names.  ! 

North  America,  foreign  population  born  in, 
226.  ' 

North  Carolina,  population   in   precon.Mitu- 
tional  period,  4,  7;  list  of  minor  civil  divi- 
sions, 76;  surnames  rlas-iified  according  to  i 
number  of  families  recorded  under  each,  ' 
113;  number  of  members  in  such  hoU!<t'- 
holds,   114;  population   classified    by  na- 
tionalitv, 116,273;  by  counties  and  minor 
civil   divisions,    199;  according   to  color,  ' 
205;  by  sex  and  age,  218;  slaves,  number 
of,  132;  families  cla-ssified  by  slave  own- 
ership and  nalionality,  275;  and  color,  289; 
by  number  of  slaves  held,  136,  2t)0.     See 
also  States  and  territories. 

Northern  states,  laws  in,  providing  for  edu-  j 
cation,  31;  avenijje  number  of  slaves  ikt 
slaveholding  family,  137:  p.Tiii|iiia  vnlue 
of  wealth,  146. 


301 

Northwwit  Territory,  an-a  and  boundaries, 
19;  slates  fornie<I  froni,  19;  rliaracler  o( 
inhabitants,  19;  Indian  iribes,  number 
and  place  of  resid<'>'..    ■■■'    io 

Norway,  date  of  fir-r  incr««»c  in 

population    in    nii  'ntury,    85; 

;  foreign  population  bi.ru  in,  226, 

Norway  and  Sweden,  i«r  cut  dislribulion 
of  population  born  in,  130. 

Norwiih,  i  -mn  ,  number  of  dwcUinf^  and 
estimate  of  (Ripulation,  14. 

Oceania,  per  cent  distribution  of  foreign 
population  born  in,  130;  number  bom  in, 

Occupations,  failure  u>  provide  fur.  in  Fimt 
Censu.M  ait,  43;  nunilx-r  and  |ht  cent  diit- 
tribution  of  while  male- .  '   In.  Is50 

and  1900,  143;  number  -t'ion  of 

heads   of   famiUe*    in    1'. .,.iiia   and 

Southwark  engaged  in,  142,  143. 

Pat«rsou,  N,  J.,  population  at  the  Firnt  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

rea><e,  Levi,  gtaae  line  established  bv  InoU) 
22.  ' 

Pennsylvania,  [xjpulation  in  preconstitu- 
tional iM>riod,  4;  rt-sults  of  early  •vtiniat«a 
and  i-en.iu.icw,  6;  Indian  tribes,  numljor 
and  place  of  residence,  39,  40;  list  of  minor 
ci\il  divisions  in,  74;  surnames  clarified 
according  to  number  of  families  rcnorded 
under  each,  113;  number  of  members  in 
such  hou.i«-holds,  114;  iH)pulalion  dxi^l- 
fied  by  nationalitv,  116,  272;  by  counliex 
and  minor  civil  divisions,  196;  according 
to  color,  203;  by  sex  and  age,  212;  slaves, 
number  of,  132;'familiescla-.«ifiiii  bv  slave 
ownershij)  an<l  nalionality,  275;  and  color, 
284;  by  number  of  slaves  held,  294. 

Philadelphia,  record  of  |K)pulali<pn  from  its 
founding  to  1790,  11;  number  of  dwellings 
in  colonial  iH-ricxl,  13;  soun-es  of  data  for 
colonial  |Hi])ulation,  13;  exports  and  im- 
ports, 30;  population  at  the  First  and  at 
the  Twelfth  Census,  78;  proiKirlion  of 
white  and  colored  (wiiulation  in,  84;  occu- 
pations of  heads  of  tamilios  in  1790,  142, 
143. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Poland,  per<-ent  di,<tribution  of  foreign  jmpu- 
lation  born  in,  130;  number  \tora  in,  226. 

Population,  enumeration  of,  not  sole  obje<'t 
of    census    taking,     2;  estimates    during 
Colonial    and  Continental    perifxls,  R-Il; 
rule  of   increase    in   the  col.  ■ 
10;  of  principal  colonial  cili.  ir 

founding  to  1790,  11;  comp;iri-  i,  ... u 

and  rural  in  the  colonial  [ktIimI,  14,  15;  as 
retUHKnl  at  the  First  (  ensus,  by  statw,  47; 
by  counties  and  minor  <'ivil  divisions,  GO, 
73,  188;  reportiHl  by  the  President  to  Con- 
gress, 1792,  .54;  revision  of  returns,  .54; 
classification  by  areiis  nf  enumeration,  55; 
growth  in,  comparnl  with  growth  in  area, 
.56;  of  slates  and  lerrilories,  by  de<'ad<-s, 
57;  per  cent  diK-ennial  increa.K'  in.  .58; 
density  of,  68;  of  cilii>s,  19(K)  and  1790,  78; 
classification  by  color,  for  each  census,  80; 
for  specified  years,  by  stales  and  terri- 
tories, 82,  222;  by  counties,  201:  percent 
increase,  by  color,  SI;  survivors  of  pre- 
vious censu.Kis,  S'_';  pr<i|Mirtlon  white  and 
negro  in  total  [wpulalicii  i  '  "■  ..rin.  n..,! 
cities,  84;  iniTea.<i'  in  1': 
pared  with  Euroi>e,  85:  . 
in  principal  countries,  8.'«;  in.  i-  h 

immigration,  8.5;  natural  im  r 
incre.xie  in  each  color  element    m    niin- 
teenth  cenliirj',  92;  compiuison  of  growth 

in,  with  that  of  area,  ly^.  ..'•.-    ..'  ••  - 

tur<>s.  and  wealth,  H5  1 

censu.ies.  Native  while  j.  ,  r- 

eign  parentage.  Native  wtiitv  pupulaliuu  uf 


302 


INDEX. 


native  yjarentage,  White  population,  Negro 
population,  and  Indian  and  Mongolian 
population. 

Portland,  Me.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Portugal,  tonnage  of  vessels  entering  ports 
of  United  States  from,  30;  increase  in 
population  in  nineteenth  century,  85 
foreign  population  born  in,  226. 

Post  offices,  number  of,  in  Continental 
period,  23;  receipts  and  expenditures,  23 
list  of,  25. 

Post  roads,  system  of,  23. 

Postage,  rates  of,  in  Continental  period,  23 
revenue  from,  23;  kinds  of  money  ac- 
cepted in  payment,  25. 

Postal  ser\-ice,  establishment  of,  23;  stages 
as  carriers  of  mail,  23;  contracts  for  carry- 
ing mail,  23. 

Pro\ddence,  R.  I.,  colonial  population,  14; 
population  at  the  First  and  at  the  Twelfth 
Census,  78. 

Prussia,  date  of  first  census,  2;  conditions 
then  prevailing,  16;  tonnage  of  vessels 
entering  ports  of  United  States  from,  30. 

Publishers  of  newspapers  and  periodicals, 
list  of  with  publications,  33. 

Reading,  Pa.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Redemptioners,  meaning  of  term,  37. 

Representatives,  House  of,  basis  of  appor- 
tionment, and  number  of  members  at 
each  census,  92. 

Residence,  place  of,  compared  with  place  of 
birth,  for  the  native  white  population  of 
native  parentage,  125,  126,  127. 

Rhode  Island,  population  in  preconstitu- 
tional  period,  4,  5,  162,  163;  Indian  tribes, 
number  and  place  of  residence,  39;  sur- 
names classified  according  to  number  of 
families  recorded  under  each,  113;  num- 
ber of  members  in  such  households,  114; 
population  classified  by  nationality,  116, 
271;  by  counties  and  minor  civil  divi- 
sions, 193;  according  to  color,  201;  by  sex 
and  age,  210;  slaves,  number  of,  132; 
families,  classified  by  slave  ownership  and 
nationality,  274;  and  color,  279;  by  num- 
ber of  slaves  held,  292.  See  also  States 
and  territories. 

Richmond,  Va.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Roads,  condition  and  extent,  21. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Russia,  date  of  first  census,  2;  conditions 
prevailing  in  1790,  16;  density  of  popu- 
lation, 59;  foreign  population  bom  in,  per 
cent  distribution,  130;  number,  226. 

Russia,  Finland,  and  Poland,  distribution 
of  population  born  in,  according  to  geo- 
graphic divisions,  131. 

St.  Clair,  Governor,  estimate  of  population 
in  Northwest  Territory  by,  54. 

Salem,  Mass.,  record  of  population  from  its 
founding  to  1790,  12;  colonial  population, 
13;  exports  and  imports,  30. 

Savannah,  Ga.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Saxony,  date  of  first  census,  2. 

Scandinavia,  foreign  population  born  in, 
131,  226. 

Schedules,  First  Census,  Mr.  Madison's  prop- 
osition regarding,  43;  list  of  those  on 
file,  49. 

Scotch,  population  classified  as,  by  states, 
117;  by  counties,  271. 

Scotland,  ratio  of  adults  of  self-supporting 
age  to  children,  104;  foreign  population 
born  in,  per  cent  distribution,  130;  num- 
ber, 226. 

Scott,  Dr.  Austin,  data  for  New  Jersey  fur- 
nished by,  119. 


Scranton,  Pa.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Sex,  white  population,  classified  to  show 
number  of  males,  93;  age,  94,  208;  children 
classified  by,  94. 

Sharpe,  Dr.  E.  S.,  data  for  New  Jersey  fur- 
nished by,  119. 

Shattuck,  Mr.  Lemuel,  variations  in  colonial 
population  of  Boston  shown  by,  13. 

Shilling,  value  of,  in  different  states,  20. 

Slaveholding  families,  private  families  clas- 
sified as,  99;  by  size,  100;  by  color,  100, 
276;  by  number  of  slaves  held,  100,  136; 
according  to  nationality,  123,  274;  by 
states  and  territories,  135;  in  Southern 
states,  136;  in  Northern  states,  137;  in 
Virginia,  138. 

Slavery,  introduction,  36;  Federal  control 
of,  37;  first  petition  against,  37;  reasons 
for  British  Government  encouraging,  37; 
states  making  stand  against,  in  precon- 
stitutional  period,  37;  extent  of,  in 
1790,  132. 

Slaves,  number  of,  in  preconstitutional 
period,  36;  first  attempt  of  Federal  control 
of  trade  in,  37;  number  at  each  census,  80, 
132;  by  states,  132,  133,  134;  average  num- 
ber per  family,  100,  123,  135,  136,  276; 
states  not  holding,  in  1790,  132;  causes  for 
increase  in  value,  133;  white  population 
connected  with  ownership  of,  in  1790  and 
1850,  138,  139;  average  value  of,  140; 
number  and  average  value,  by  states,  141; 
wealth  invested  in,  144;  classified  by 
nationality  of  owners  and  number  per 
family,  274. 

Sloops,  traveling  by,  23. 

Smith,  Adam,  infiuence  on  early  census  tak- 
ing, 2. 

Somerset  county,  N.  J.,  nationality  of  the 
population  as  indicated  by  the  surnames 
of  freeholders,  119. 

Somervillc,  Mass.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

South  America,  foreign  population  born 
in,  per  cent  distribution,  130;  number,  226. 

South  Carolina,  population  in  preconstitu- 
tional period,  4,  7;  Indian  tribes,  number 
and  place  of  residence,  39,  40;  dilficulty  in 
obtaming  enumerators,  46;  list  of  minor 
civil  divisions,  76;  surnames  classified  ac- 
cording to  number  of  families  recorded 
under  each,  113;  number  of  members  in 
such  households,  114;  population  classi- 
fied by  nationality,  116,  273;  by  districts 
and  minor  civil  divisions,  200;  according 
to  color,  206;  by  sex  and  age,  220;  slaves, 
number  of,  132;  families  classified  by 
slave  ownership  and  nationality,  275; 
and  color,  290;  by  number  of  slaves 
held,  136,  297.  See  also  States  and 
territories. 

Southern  states,  organization  of  local  govern- 
ment, 20;  number  of  post  offices  in,  25; 
educational  advantages,  32;  rate  of  in- 
crease in  white  population,  87,  88;  native 
white  population  of  native  parentage  born 
in,  classified  by  place  of  residence,  126, 
127;  foreign  born  population  living  in,  129; 
classified  by  country  of  birth,  131;  aggre- 
gate and  per  capita  wealth,  144,  146. 

Southwark,  Pa.,  heads  of  families  in,  classi- 
fied according  to  occupations,  142;  propor- 
tion gainfully  employed,  143. 

Southwest  Territory,  Indian  tribes,  number 
and  place  of  residence,  39,  40;  letter  of 
Thomas  Jefferson  concerning  enumeration, 
45;  number  of  slaves  in,  132.  See  also 
States  and  territories. 

Spain,  date  of  first  census,  2;  tonnage  of  ves- 
sels from,  entering  ports  of  United  States, 
30;  increase  in  population  in  nineteenth 
century,  85;  foreign  population  born  in, 
per  cent  distribution,  130;  number,  226. 

Springfield,  Mass.,  population  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 


Stagecoaching,  principal  routes,  22. 

States  and  territories,  organization  of  local 
governments,  19;  population  of,  in  pre- 
constitutional period,  9,  10;  at  each  cen- 
sus, 67;  density  of,  58;  per  cent  white  and 
colored,  82,  139;  proportion  of  males,  93; 
of  children,  by  sex,  94;  families,  number 
and  average  size,  96,  98;  slaveholding  and 
nonslaveholding,  100;  average  number  of 
slaves,  135,  136;  persons  per  dwelling,  102; 
number  of  children  per  1.000  of  white  pop- 
ulation, 103;  ratio  of  adults  of  self-support- 
ing age  to  children,  105;  ratio  of  children 
to  adult  females,  105;  to  females  16  years 
of  age  and  over,  106;  surnames  classified 
by  number  of  families  and  number  of  per- 
sons, 115;  foreign  population  born  in, 
classifiedby  place  of  residence,  128;  slaves, 
number  of,  132,  133;  per  cent  increase  at 
each  census,  134;  proportion  of  white 
population  connected  with  ownership  of 
slaves,  138;  number  of  slaves  and  average 
value,  141;  nomenclature,  227. 

Surnames  of  heads  of  families,  approximate 
number.  111;  nationalities.  111;  per  cent 
derived  from  parts  of  speech.  111;  classi- 
fied list  (note),  111;  preponderance  of 
Saxon,  112;  classified  by  number  of  times 
they  appear  upon  schedules,  112,  113;  by 
number  of  persons  represented,  114; 
average  number  of  persons  per  name,  114, 
115;  distribution  of,  114;  list  of  those 
represented  by  at  least  100  persons,  227. 

Survivors  of  1790,  method  of  ascertaining 
number,  81. 

Sweden,  early  census  taking,  1;  date  of  first 
census,  2;  tonnage  of  vessels  from,  enter- 
ing ports  of  United  States,  30;  increase  in 
population  in  nineteenth  century,  85; 
foreign  population  born  in,  226. 

Switzerland,  date  of  first  census,  2;  increase 
in  population  in  nineteenth  century,  85; 
foreign  population  born  in,  per  cent  dis- 
tribution, 130;  number,  226. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 


Tennessee,  list  of  minor  civil  divisions,  77; 
computed  distribution  of  population  ac- 
cording to  nationality,  121;  source  of  data 
for  nationality  estimates,  121.  See  also 
States  and  territories. 

Tonnage  of  foreign  vessels  entering  ports  of 
United  States  in  1790,  by  countries,  30; 
classified  by  kinds  of  vessels,  ports  of  en- 
try, and  states,  30;  by  country  owning 
vessels,  31. 

Transportation,  facilities  in  Continental 
period,  21;  effect  oh  interstate  migration, 
125. 

Trenton,  N.  J.,  population  at  the  First  and 
at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Troy,  N.  Y.,  population  at  the  First  and  at 
the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Turkey,  per  cent  distribution  of  foreign 
population  born  in,  130;  number  born  in, 
226. 


United  Kingdom,  density  of  population  in, 
59;  ratio  of  children  to  adult  females,  109; 
foreign  population  born  in,  226;  increase 
in  population  in  nineteenth  century,  85. 

United  States,  date  of  First  Census,  2;  the 
area,  and  conditions  prevailing  in  1790,  16; 
organization  and  personnel  of  the  Federal 
Government  at  the  time  of  the  First  Cen- 
sus, 16;  provisions  for  the  capital,  16; 
states  forming  the  Union  in  1790,  17; 
boundaries  and  area,  17;  number  of  post 
offices  in,  25;  increase  in  population,  85; 
ratio  of  adults  of  self-supporting  age  to 
children,  compared  with  other  countries, 
104,  109. 


INDEX. 


303 


Utica,  N.  Y.,  population  at  the  First  and  at 
the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 


Vermont,  population  in  preconjititutional 
period,  4;  early  aboliphmenl  of  slavery 
in,  37;  surnames  claj^.-'ificd  according  to 
number  of  families  recorded  under  each, 
113;  number  of  members  in  such  house- 
holds, 111;  population  classified  by  na- 
tionality, 110,  271;  by  counties  and  minor 
civil  divisions,  190;  according  to  color, 
201;  by  sex  and  age,  210;  families  classi- 
fied by  nationality,  274.  See  also  States 
and  territories. 

Virginia,  population  in  preconslitutional 
period,  4,  G,  7;  Indian  tribes,  number  and 
place  of  residence,  39;  lint  of  minor  civil 
divisions,  75;  surnames  dasfsified  accord- 
ing to  number  of  families  re<orded  under 
each,  113;  number  of  members  in  such 
households,  114;  population  cla.><sified  by 
nationality,  llli,  272;  by  counties  anil 
minor  civil  divisions,  198;  according  to 
color,  204;  by  sex  and  age,  214;  slaves, 


number  of,  132;  families  claseified  by 
slave  ownership  and  number  of  slaves 
held,  13G,  138. 


Wales,  foreign  population  bom  in,  226. 

Washington,  President,  residence  in  Phila- 
delphia, Hi;  John  W.  For<ler  (| noted  in  re- 
gard to,  Ki;  conditions  prevailing  during 
administration  of,  Iti;  manner  of  convey- 
ing news  of  his  election  to,  22. 

Wealth,  value  of  slaves,  by  states  aud  terri- 
tories, 141;  Klulhall's  estimate  of  amount 
of,  in  1790,  144;  agtireTOte  and  per  capita 
estimates,  by  geographic  divisions,  144; 
buildintrs,  real  estate,  slaves,  etc.,  144; 
value  of  all  property  for  each  census,  1850 
to  1900,  145. 
!  Webster,  Peletiah,  quoted  in  reference  to 
I>aper  money,  20. 

Westersraard,  quoted   in  regard   to  ratio  of 
adulUs  to  children  (note),  104. 
I  West  Indies,  extent  ancl  character  of  com- 
merce with,  31.     See  aUo  Cuba  and  West 
I      Indies. 


White  population,  of  continental  United 
States,  with  per  cent  of  iiicreaw?,  bv  dec- 
ade;s,  1790  to  1900,  HO;  proportion  of 
whites  in  the  t"t  il  i„,i,iil  .ijun,  k2;  inirea-'f 
in  United  Stai.  .-d  with  1I1..1   in 

Europe,  85; cla-  iliveaiid  (or.i.'ii 

and  by  nativity  .<i  |jttrciils,  86;  cstlmale<l 
increa-^e  of  native  Ht'x-k,  «•(:  at  nito  of 
increa.se  for  Soutliern  -      :  I 

by  proportions  in   V. 

crea.-e  of  native  whii.-  ..1  u.inw  |.....  in.i.-if. 
in  the  slates  enumerated  in  17!K»,  !»0;  ex- 
tent to  which  growth  of,  is  due  to  British 
race,  91;  sex  and  ago  classification.  93, 
208;  number  of  children  \>ot  1,000  of,  for 
given  years,  103;  distribution  according  li> 
nationality,  121;  pro[M)rtion  cnnne<-led 
with  slave  ownership.  13s;  projxjrtion  of 
slaves  to  everv  100  white  iwrsons.  139. 

Wilkes-Harre,  Pa.,  |>opulatiun  at  tlie  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Wilmington,  Del.,  fKipulation  at  the  First 
and  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  78. 

Worcester,  Ma.ss.,  population  at  the  Finit 
and  at  the  Twelfth  CensUD,  78. 


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